Articles de revues : « Glutaronitrile »

1

Burnett, Christina L. « Methyldibromo Glutaronitrile ». International Journal of Toxicology 36, n^o 5_suppl2 (septembre 2017) : 39S—41S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581817716647.

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Weyland, J. W., A. Stern et J. Rooselaar. « Determination of Bronopol, Bronidox, and Methyldibromo Glutaronitrile in Cosmetics by Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, n^o 5 (1 septembre 1994) : 1132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.5.1132.

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Abstract A method for the simultaneous determination of methyldibromo glutaronitrile, bronopol, and broni-dox in cosmetics, based on liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, is described. The method is suitable for both aqueous products and emulsions. The detection limit is better than 0.002% for all analytes. Recoveries from an emulsion, spiked to concentrations of 0.03% of the analytes, were 100.4% for bronopol [relative standard deviation (RSD), 0.43%], 97.1% for bronidox (RSD, 0.83%), and 98.4% for methyldibromo glutaronitrile (RSD, 1.7%). Repeatabilities were calculated from 10 replicate analyses of commercial samples. The repeatability for bronopol from an emulsion containing 0.047% bronopol was 0.0027% (RSD, 1.99%); for bronidox from a lotion containing 0.027% bronidox, 0.0014% (RSD, 1.86%); and for methyldibromo glutaronitrile from an emulsion containing 0.031% methyldibromo glutaronitrile, 0.0019% (RSD, 2.16%). A ruggedness test showed that sample amount influenced the results for all 3 analytes. The results obtained for bronidox also depended on detection parameters and composition of extraction solvent. The method was applied to 138 cosmetic products and performed trouble free during these analyses. Bronopol was found in 14 samples, and bronidox was found in 4 samples, including a baby hair lotion, in which it is prohibited. Methyldibromo glutaronitrile was present in 27 samples, including creams, lotions, and sun protection cosmetics.

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Cabezas, C., C. Bermúdez, Y. Endo, B. Tercero et J. Cernicharo. « Rotational spectroscopy and astronomical search for glutaronitrile ». Astronomy & ; Astrophysics 636 (avril 2020) : A33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037769.

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Context. Nitriles constitute almost 15% of the molecules observed in the interstellar medium (ISM), surprisingly only two dinitriles have been detected in the ISM so far. The lack of astronomical detections for dinitriles may be partly explained by the absence of laboratory rotational spectroscopic data. Aims. Our goal is to investigate the rotational spectrum of glutaronitrile, N≡C−CH2−CH2−CH2−C≡N, in order to allow its possible detection in the ISM. Methods. The rotational spectrum of glutaronitrile was measured using two different experimental setups. A Fourier transform microwave spectrometer was employed to observe the supersonic jet rotational spectrum of glutaronitrile between 6 and 20 GHz. In addition, the mmW spectrum was observed in the frequency range 72−116.5 GHz using a broadband millimetre-wave spectrometer based on radio astronomy receivers with fast Fourier transform backends. The spectral searches were supported by high-level ab initio calculations. Results. A total of 111 rotational transitions with maximum values of J and Ka quantum numbers 54 and 18, respectively, were measured for the gg conformer of glutaronitrile. The analysis allowed us to accurately determine the rotational, nuclear quadrupole coupling, quartic and sextic centrifugal distortion constants. These rotational parameters were employed to search for glutaronitrile in the cold and warm molecular clouds Orion KL, Sgr B2(N), B1-b and TMC-1, using the spectral surveys captured by IRAM 30 m at 3 mm. Glutaronitrile was not detected, and the upper limits’ column densities were derived. Those are a factor of 1.5 and 5 lower than those obtained for the total column densities of the analogous succinonitrile in Orion KL and Sgr B2, respectively.

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Zachariah, M., M. Romanini, P. Tripathi, J. Ll Tamarit et R. Macovez. « Molecular diffusion and dc conductivity perfectly correlated with molecular rotational dynamics in a plastic crystalline electrolyte ». Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, n^o 24 (2015) : 16053–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp02345a.

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Young, H. S., et M. H. Beck. « Post-coital contact dermatitis from methyldibromo glutaronitrile ». Contact Dermatitis 50, n^o 1 (janvier 2004) : 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00271h.x.

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Pedersen, Line Kynemund, T. Agner, E. Held et J. Johansen Duus. « FS09.4 Methyldibromo glutaronitrile in leave-on products ». Contact Dermatitis 50, n^o 3 (28 juin 2008) : 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0309cg.x.

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Banerjee, P., J. P. McFadden, J. S. Ross, R. J. G. Rycroft et I. R. White. « Increased positive patch test reactivity to methyldibromo glutaronitrile ». Contact Dermatitis 49, n^o 2 (août 2003) : 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2003.0128k.x.

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Zachariae, Claus, Suresh Rastogi, Charlotte Devantier, Torkil Menné et Jeanne Duus Johansen. « Methyldibromo glutaronitrile : clinical experience and exposure-based risk assessment ». Contact Dermatitis 48, n^o 3 (mars 2003) : 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.00076.x.

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Lee, Jae-Young, Mi-Ja Shim et Sang-Wook Kim. « Characteristics of the DGEBA/MDA system modified with glutaronitrile ». Materials Chemistry and Physics 44, n^o 1 (avril 1996) : 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(95)01649-f.

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Cai, Ke Di, Wei Fang Mu, Jun Yi Mu et Zhen Xing Jin. « Study on the Application of N,N′-1-Ethyl-4-Butyl, Triethylene and Diamine Hexafluorophosphate in Supercapacitors ». Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (juin 2012) : 2061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.2061.

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An electrolyte, N,N′-1-ethyl-4-butyl, triethylene diamine hexafluorophosphate dissolved in glutaronitrile, was developed and investigated in a symmetrical supercapacitor using activated carbon as electrodes (active carbon/active carbon). The electrochemical erformance of the supercapacitor was examined using ac impedance and constant current charging/discharging tests. According to the results, its singleanode speciﬁc capacitance could reach 324.7 Fg−1. The supercapacitor also has better capacitance characteristics.

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Gruvberger, Birgitta, Margareta Bjerkemo et Magnus Bruze. « Stability of patch test preparations of methyldibromo glutaronitrile in petrolatum ». Contact Dermatitis 51, n^o 5-6 (novembre 2004) : 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0459g.x.

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Zachariae, C., J. D. Johansen, S. C. Rastogi et T. Menne. « Allergic contact dermatitis from methyldibromo glutaronitrile - clinical cases from 2003 ». Contact Dermatitis 52, n^o 1 (janvier 2005) : 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00478.x.

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Kamstrup, Maria R., Josefine Bandier, Jeanne D. Johansen et Jacob P. Thyssen. « Contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile is still of clinical relevance ». Contact Dermatitis 77, n^o 4 (4 septembre 2017) : 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cod.12768.

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Tosti, Antonella, Colombina Vincenzi et Karin A. Smith. « Provocative use testing of methyldibromo glutaronitrile in a cosmetic shampoo ». Contact Dermatitis 42, n^o 2 (février 2000) : 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.042002064.x.

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Muchall, Heidi M., et Nick H. Werstiuk. « Ionization potentials of nitriles — Photoelectron spectra of succinonitrile and glutaronitrile ». Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, n^o 9 (1 septembre 2006) : 1124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-141.

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The He(I) photoelectron spectra of succinonitrile (1) and glutaronitrile (2), both with extensive overlap of ionization bands in the low-energy region, are reported. To assign ionizations, we studied the conformational behaviour and resulting ionization energy dependence of 1 and 2 computationally with the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) model chemistry based on the fact that it reliably reproduces the ionization potentials of eleven mono- and di-nitriles, both saturated and unsaturated. The correlation of proton affinities with observed ionization potentials of 1, 2, and malononitrile establishes the orbital sequence of four C≡N π orbitals followed by two nitrogen lone pair orbitals as the highest occupied molecular orbitals for all three compounds.Key words: photoelectron spectrum, ionization potential, conformational dependence, nitrile, DFT.

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Götz, M., Th Bauer, P. Lunkenheimer et A. Loidl. « Supercooled-liquid and plastic-crystalline state in succinonitrile-glutaronitrile mixtures ». Journal of Chemical Physics 140, n^o 9 (7 mars 2014) : 094504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4867095.

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Johansen, Jeanne D., Niels Veien, Grete Laurberg, Christian Avnstorp, Knud Kaaber, Klaus E. Andersen, Evy Paulsen et al. « Decreasing trends in methyldibromo glutaronitrile contact allergy – following regulatory intervention ». Contact Dermatitis 59, n^o 1 (juillet 2008) : 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01364.x.

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Kerridge, Ali, Julian S. Parratt, Stanley M. Roberts, Fritz Theil, Nicholas J. Turner et Andrew J. Willetts. « Microbial hydrolysis of glutaronitrile derivatives with brevibacterium sp. R 312 ». Bioorganic & ; Medicinal Chemistry 2, n^o 6 (juin 1994) : 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0896(94)80014-6.

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Gruvberger, B., K. E. Andersen, F. M. Brandao, D. P. Bruynzeel, M. Bruze, P. J. Frosch, A. Goossens et al. « Patch testing with methyldibromo glutaronitrile, a multicentre study within the EECDRG ». Contact Dermatitis 52, n^o 1 (janvier 2005) : 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00480.x.

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Jensen, C. D., J. D. J ohansen, T. Menne et K. E. Andersen. « Methyldibromo glutaronitrile contact allergy : effect of single versus repeated daily exposure ». Contact Dermatitis 52, n^o 2 (février 2005) : 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00505.x.

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Johansen, Jeanne D., Niels K. Veien, Grete Laurberg, Knud Kaaber, Jens Thormann, Martin Lauritzen et Christian Avnstorp. « Contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile - data from a 'front line' network ». Contact Dermatitis 52, n^o 3 (mars 2005) : 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00524.x.

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Amaro, Cristina, Mariana Cravo, Cândida Fernandes, Raquel Santos et Margarida Gonçalo. « Undisclosed methyldibromo glutaronitrile causing allergic contact dermatitis in a NSAID cream ». Contact Dermatitis 67, n^o 3 (17 août 2012) : 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02091.x.

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Armstrong, D. K. B., H. R. Smith et R. J. G. Rycroft. « Contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile presenting as severe scalp seborrhoeic eczema ». Contact Dermatitis 40, n^o 6 (juin 1999) : 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06093.x.

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Abu-Lebdeh, Yaser, et Isobel Davidson. « New electrolytes based on glutaronitrile for high energy/power Li-ion batteries ». Journal of Power Sources 189, n^o 1 (avril 2009) : 576–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.09.113.

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Bruze, Magnus, An Goossens et Birgitta Gruvberger. « Recommendation to include methyldibromo glutaronitrile in the European standard patch test series ». Contact Dermatitis 52, n^o 1 (janvier 2005) : 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00482.x.

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Schnuch, A., D. Kelterer, A. Bauer, Ch Schuster, W. Aberer, V. Mahler, K. Katzer et al. « Quantitative patch and repeated open application testing in methyldibromo glutaronitrile-sensitive patients ». Contact Dermatitis 52, n^o 4 (avril 2005) : 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00529.x.

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Sánchez-Pérez, Javier, Maria Jesús Del Rio, Yolanda Delgado Jiménez et Amaro García-Diez. « Allergic contact dermatitis due to methyldibromo glutaronitrile in make-up removal wipes ». Contact Dermatitis 53, n^o 6 (8 décembre 2005) : 357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.0592g.x.

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Schnuch, A., S. Schubert et J. Geier. « Clinicians vs. epidemiologists : patch testing with methyldibromo glutaronitrile as a controversial issue ». Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 33, n^o 6 (7 mars 2019) : e242-e244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15505.

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Wong, C. S. M., et M. H. Beck. « Occupational contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile in abrasive cleansers and work creams ». Contact Dermatitis 44, n^o 5 (mai 2001) : 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.440511-4.x.

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Wang, Huan, Mei-Yu Lin, Kai Zhang, Su-Jiao Li et Jia-Xing Lu. « Electrochemical Reduction of Cinnamonitrile in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide : Synthesis of Cyano- and Phenyl-Substituted Propionic Acids ». Australian Journal of Chemistry 61, n^o 7 (2008) : 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch08092.

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Cyano- and phenyl-substituted propionic acids were synthesized simply and efficiently by electrocarboxylation of cinnamonitrile in undivided cells using the non-noble metal nickel as cathode and magnesium as the anode. The radical anion generated by the electroreduction of cinnamonitrile in the absence of CO2 is involved in several competitive reactions that lead to the formation of linear hydrodimers, cyclic hydrodimers, saturated dihydro products, and glutaronitrile derivatives. While under 101.325 kPa of CO2, the electrocarboxylation could easily be carried out in the absence of additional catalysts, and with good yield (84.8%). The influence of various synthetic parameters, such as the nature of the electrode, the working potential, the concentration, and the temperature, on the electrocarboxylation reaction was investigated.

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Pedersen, Line Kynemund, Pia Haslund, Jeanne Duus Johansen, Elisabeth Held, Aage Volund et Tove Agner. « Influence of a detergent on skin response to methyldibromo glutaronitrile in sensitized individuals ». Contact Dermatitis 50, n^o 1 (janvier 2004) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00259.x.

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Gruvberger, B., K. E. Andersen, F. M. Brandao, D. P. Bruynzeel, M. Bruze, P. J. Frosch, A. Goossens et al. « Repeated open application test with methyldibromo glutaronitrile, a multicentre study within the EECDRG ». Contact Dermatitis 52, n^o 1 (janvier 2005) : 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00481.x.

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Ashtari, Khadijeh, et Naader Alizadeh. « Liquid−Liquid Equilibria in Binary Mixtures of Water with Malonitrile, Succinonitrile, and Glutaronitrile ». Journal of Chemical & ; Engineering Data 49, n^o 6 (novembre 2004) : 1752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je049806v.

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Erdmann, S. M., B. Sachs et H. F. Merk. « Allergic contact dermatitis due to methyldibromo glutaronitrile in Euxyl K 400 in an ultrasonic gel ». Contact Dermatitis 44, n^o 1 (janvier 2001) : 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.440107-6.x.

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Diba, V. C., M. M. U. Chowdhury, A. Adisesh et B. N. Statham. « Occupational allergic contact dermatitis in hospital workers caused by methyldibromo glutaronitrile in a work soap ». Contact Dermatitis 48, n^o 2 (février 2003) : 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.480212_5.x.

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Dahbi, Mouad, Fouad Ghamouss, Mérièm Anouti, Daniel Lemordant et François Tran-Van. « Electrochemical lithiation and compatibility of graphite anode using glutaronitrile/dimethyl carbonate mixtures containing LiTFSI as electrolyte ». Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 43, n^o 4 (10 janvier 2013) : 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-012-0522-1.

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Farhat, Douaa, Daniel Lemordant, Johan Jacquemin et Fouad Ghamouss. « Alternative Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries Using Glutaronitrile and 2-methylglutaronitrile with Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) Imide ». Journal of The Electrochemical Society 166, n^o 14 (2019) : A3487—A3495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.1261914jes.

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Williams, Jason D., Kathryn E. Frowen et Rosemary L. Nixon. « Allergic contact dermatitis from methyldibromo glutaronitrile in a sanitary pad and review of Australian clinic data ». Contact Dermatitis 56, n^o 3 (mars 2007) : 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01040.x.

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Dhillon, Jasvinder, Suneel Chhatre, Rishi Shanker et N. Shivaraman. « Transformation of aliphatic and aromatic nitriles by a nitrilase from Pseudomonas sp. » Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, n^o 10 (1 octobre 1999) : 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-087.

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A Pseudomonas sp. (S1) isolated from a garden soil possessed a unique nitrilase, which is capable of catalyzing the direct hydrolysis of both potassium and organic cyanides to their corresponding carboxylic acids and ammonia, without the formation of amide as an intermediate. The nitrilase was purified with 4.8% recovery in three steps from a cell extract of the strain. The relative mobility of the homogenous enzyme preparation in SDS and native polyacrylamide gels indicated molecular weight of 41 kDa, approximately. Pseudomonas sp. (S1) utilized all the nitriles as carbon and nitrogen sources. The enzyme was induced by both aliphatic and aromatic nitriles, while the aliphatic olefinic nitrile - acrylonitrile was the most suitable substrate. The nitrilase also catalyzed the hydrolysis of acetonitrile, adiponitrile, benzonitrile, butyronitrile, glutaronitrile, phenylacetonitrile, succinodinitrile, and potassium cyanide, with the formation of ammonia and the corresponding carboxylic acids. The Michaelis-Menten constant, Km, of the partially purified nitrilase for acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, adiponitrile, benzonitrile, and potassium cyanide presented values of 11.26, 5.88, 10.28, 12.27, and 0.75 mM, respectively.Key words: nitriles, enzyme kinetics, nitrilase, partial purification, Pseudomonas sp.

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Kato, Yasuo, et Yasuhisa Asano. « Molecular and enzymatic analysis of the “aldoxime–nitrile pathway” in the glutaronitrile degrader Pseudomonas sp. K-9 ». Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 70, n^o 1 (mars 2006) : 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-005-0044-4.

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Bruze, Magnus, Birgitta Gruvberger et Erik Zimerson. « A clinically relevant contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile at 1% (0.32 mg/cm2) detected by a patch test ». Contact Dermatitis 54, n^o 1 (janvier 2006) : 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00710.x.

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Dhillon, J. K., et N. Shivaraman. « Biodegradation of cyanide compounds by a Pseudomonas species (S1) ». Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, n^o 3 (1 mars 1999) : 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-014.

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A Pseudomonas sp. (S1), isolated from soil by an enrichment technique was tested for its potential to degrade different cyanide compounds. Further, biodegradation/biotransformation of binary mixtures of the cyanide compounds by the culture was also studied. The results indicated that the culture could grow on the following nitriles by using them as carbon and nitrogen sources: acetonitrile, butyronitrile, acrylonitrile, adiponitrile, benzonitrile, glutaronitrile, phenylacetonitrile, and succinonitrile. Studies on the biodegradation of these cyanide compounds in binary mixtures showed that the presence of acrylonitrile or KCN delayed the degradation of acetonitrile in a mixture, while none of the other cyanide compounds affected the degradation of one another. The transformation products of the nitriles were their corresponding acids, and similarly, KCN was also directly transformed to formic acid. Studies on the transformation of these cyanide compounds showed that the rate of transformation of nitriles to their corresponding carboxylic acids was acrylonitrile > acetonitrile > adiponitrile > benzonitrile > KCN. This culture has the unique characteristic of transforming representatives of saturated aliphatic, aliphatic olefinic, aromatic, and aralkyl nitriles, as well as alkali cyanide, to their corresponding carboxylic acids.Key words: Pseudomonas sp.(S1), biodegradation, biotransformation, nitriles, cyanide.

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Heratizadeh, Annice, Claudia Killig, Margitta Worm, Stephanie Soost, Dagmar Simon, Andrea Bauer, Vera Mahler et al. « Quantitative repeated open application testing with a rinse-off product in methyldibromo glutaronitrile-sensitive patients : results of the IVDK ». Contact Dermatitis 62, n^o 6 (juin 2010) : 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01726.x.

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Wahlkvist, Helen, Anders Boman, Johan Montelius et Jan E. Wahlberg. « Sensitizing potential in mice, guinea pig and man of the preservative Euxyl® K 400 and its ingredient methyldibromo glutaronitrile ». Contact Dermatitis 41, n^o 6 (décembre 1999) : 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06182.x.

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Xu, Yun, Lingyu Wan, Jiali Liu, Lecai Zeng et Zuoguo Yang. « γ-butyrolactone and glutaronitrile as 5 V electrolyte additive and its electrochemical performance for LiN i0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 ». Journal of Alloys and Compounds 698 (mars 2017) : 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.381.

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Kelterer, Daniela, Martin Kaatz, Heike I. Bauer, Jens Thiele et Peter Elsner. « Contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile in Euxyl® K 400 in a cosmetic cream for protection against a permanent wave solution ». Contact Dermatitis 46, n^o 4 (avril 2002) : 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460419.x.

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Jowsey, Ian R., David A. Basketter et Anita Irwin. « Proliferative responses in the local lymph node assay associated with concomitant exposure to 1,4-phenylenediamine and methyldibromo glutaronitrile : evidence for synergy ? » Contact Dermatitis 59, n^o 2 (août 2008) : 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01349.x.

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Beliauskienė, Aistė, Skaidra Valiukevičienė, Brigita Šitkauskienė, Axel Schnuch et Wolfgang Uter. « Contact Sensitization to the Allergens of European Baseline Series in Patients With Chronic Leg Ulcers ». Medicina 47, n^o 9 (5 octobre 2011) : 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina47090072.

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Background and Objective. The pattern of contact sensitization among patients with chronic leg ulcers depends on the local practice of wound treatment along with demographic and clinical confounders. The study was aimed at revealing the associations between chronic leg ulcers and contact sensitization. Material and Methods. Between 2006 and 2008, 35 patients with chronic leg ulcers and surrounding dermatitis and 59 patients with contact dermatitis of the lower leg or foot were prospectively recruited at the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Demographic and clinical data were collected in accordance with the “minimal data set” of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy. Patch testing was performed with the allergens of the European baseline series. Results. At least one positive patch test reaction was found in 28 (80%) of the patients with chronic leg ulcers and in 24 (41%) of the patients with dermatitis of the lower leg or foot (P<0.001). Sensitization to some of the most common allergens, namely colophony, Myroxylon pereirae resin, and methyldibromo glutaronitrile, was prevalent in both the groups of patients, whereas sensitization to benzocaine, p-phenylenediamine, and lanolin alcohol was associated with the presence of chronic leg ulcers. Benzocaine was found to be the leading allergen among patients with chronic leg ulcers (positive patch test reactions in 34.4% of the patients). Conclusions. Contact sensitization to benzocaine, p-phenylenediamine, and lanolin was found to be associated with the presence of chronic leg ulcers.

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Gololobov, Yu G., S. V. Barabanov, A. S. Peregudov, P. V. Petrovskii et V. N. Khrustalev. « Coupling of methylene-active compounds through a methylene bridge by the action of bis(dimethylamino)methane 1. Synthesis of 2,4-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)glutaronitrile ». Russian Chemical Bulletin 61, n^o 6 (juin 2012) : 1250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-012-0169-4.

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Krummen, Michael, Detlef Gruber et Jürgen Gmehling. « Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution Using Gas−Liquid Chromatography. 12. Results for Various Solutes with the Stationary PhasesN-Ethylacetamide,N,N-Diethylacetamide, Diethylphthalate, and Glutaronitrile ». Journal of Chemical & ; Engineering Data 45, n^o 5 (septembre 2000) : 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je0000726.

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