Thèses sur le sujet « Glycine (acide aminé) – Récepteurs »
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Louvet, Philippe. « Synthèse et étude pharmacologique de nouveaux ligands du site glycine antagonistes du récepteur au N-méthyl-D-aspartate NMDA ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE18001.
Texte intégralGueremy, Thomas. « Agonistes et antagonistes au site glycine du récepteur NMDA : structures, propriétés et perspectives thérapeutiques ». Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P229.
Texte intégralRussier, Michaël. « Co-inhibition par les récepteurs du GABA et de la glycine sur les motoneurones abducens : étude immunohistochimique et électrophysiologique : Michae͏̈l Russier ». Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30059.
Texte intégralIt is well established that GABAergic, glycinergic or dual GABA-glycine inhibition occurs in many areas. Particularly, co-localisation and co-release of GABA and glycine from the same presynaptic vesicles has been demonstrated. Moreover, glycine and GABA A receptors (GlyR and GABA A R respectively) are co-located on the membrane of many neuronal cell types. In the present study, we analysed through an immunohistochemical quantitative method, the distribution and organisation of both GABA A R and GlyR on the membrane of abducens motoneurones. Using an in vitro electrophysiological approach, we also determined the role of dual GABA-glycine inhibition on the motoneurone function. In adult rats, GABA A R and GlyR were found in various proportions on abducens motoneurones. GlyR were more numerous than GABA A R. Half the GABA A R were co-localised with GlyR. Most of detected GlyR were not facing VIAAT-immunoreactive terminals. Conversely, the majority of GABA A R were localised in front of such terminals
Miraucourt, Loïs. « Les mécanismes segmentaires de l'allodynie mécanique dynamique : rôle des récepteurs de la glycine dans le système trigéminal ». Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1DD07.
Texte intégralThe mechanisms by which simply brushing the skin can evoke pain in pathological conditions still remain unknown. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which removal of segmental glycine inhibition results in dynamic mechanical allodynia, using behavioral, anatomical and in vivo electrophysiological and pharmacological approaches. We provided a possible mechanism for dynamic mechanical allodynia by showing that a simple switch in trigeminal glycine synaptic inhibition can turn touch into pain by unmasking innocuous input to dorsal horn nociceptive specific neurons through a local excitatory, NMDA-dependent neural circuit involving neurons expressing the gamma isoform of protein kinase C (PKCγ). The process was prevented by pharmacological inhibition of PKCγ, which thus might provide a new treatment of allodynia. We further showed that glycine disinhibition with strychnine selectively induced a morphine resistant, dynamic, but not static, mechanical allodynia which, although relying on the recruitment of superficial lamina nociceptive-specific neurons, did not operate through substance P-receptor activation. We finally found that D-serine, a gliotransmitter that is a co-agonist of NMDA glutamate receptor play a pivotal role in the mechanisms of dynamic mechanical allodynia. In summary, our findings provide a new basic understanding of dynamic mechanical allodynia. They also suggest a new opportunity for a more successful management of this disabling pain symptom
Peyron, Christelle. « Identification des neurones susceptibles d'être responsables de l'inactivation des neurones sérotoninergiques du noyau raphé dorsal chez le rat : approche neuroanatomique ». Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T159.
Texte intégralCerdan, Adrien. « Exploration de la transmission synaptique et de la régulation des récepteurs ionotropes par simulations de dynamique moléculaire et électrophysiologie numérique ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF006/document.
Texte intégralSignals within neurons are mostly transmitted through chemical synapses. Signal transduction arises from the binding of neurotransmitters to membrane receptors in order to open ion channels. The Glycine Receptor (GlyR) is an ionotropic receptor which is involved in several neurological disorders such as addiction, chronic pain, or hyperekplexia. Because of its implication in human diseases, it is interesting to design novel drugs targeting this receptor. We used Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and computational electrophysiology to probe the function of available GlyR structures. We showed that none of the experimental structures display the physiological behavior of the conductive state. Using MD simulations, we captured a novel conformation of the GlyR compatible with a conductive state and demonstrated the importance of lateral portals for ionic permeation. Lastly, we proposed an original protocol, named state-based pharmacology, to discover modulators of allosteric proteins
Upton, Laura. « Altered prefrontal circuit assembly and function in mice lacking the glycine receptor α2 subunit, a model of autism and intellectual disability ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS714.
Texte intégralPathogenic variants in the GLRA2 gene, which encodes the glycine receptor α2 subunit, have been recently implicated as a novel cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability. Our group previously showed that Glra2-deficient male (Glra2 /Y) mice display impaired learning and memory in the novel object recognition (NOR) task and altered synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a region consistently implicated in ASD. In addition, developmental studies in mice expressing the same Glra2 mutation reported deficits in interneuron migration and loss of cortical projection neurons associated with microcephaly. In this project, we investigated the cellular and functional alterations underlying the behavioural and synaptic defects of Glra2 /Y mice, focusing on the PFC. In contrast with previous reports, Glra2 /Y mice were not microcephalic and neuronal quantification showed no loss of either glutamatergic neurons or interneurons, including parvalbumin, calretinin and cholecystokinin interneuron subpopulations in the PFC or the somatosensory cortex. However, the number of cortical somatostatin interneurons was increased in these regions in mutant mice. These findings imply that Glra2 plays a more subtle role in neocortical development and assembly than previously suggested and are consistent with the phenotype of male patients with pathogenic GLRA2 variants, who are not microcephalic and have normal brain imaging. We also show that Glra2 /Y mice exhibit many of the hallmarks of neurodevelopmental brain dysfunction observed in other rodent models of ASD. In the adult PFC, Glra2 /Y mice show a decreased number of inhibitory synapses and increased spine density and dendritic complexity of pyramidal neurons, whilst young mice (P14-P21) have increased excitatory synaptic inputs to prefrontal pyramidal neurons, with no effect on inhibitory synaptic transmission. Taken together, these findings point to excitatory hyperconnectivity in the PFC of Glra2 /Y mice, and suggest an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in these mutant mice. To identify which brain regions are associated with the recognition memory deficit observed in Glra2 /Y mice, we quantified c-Fos expression as a marker of neuronal activation following NOR. We found that the rostral infralimbic PFC was hypoactivated in Glra2 /Y mice following this task, whilst other brain regions quantified showed similar levels of c-Fos expression compared to wild-type mice. c-Fos colocalization with neuronal markers revealed that the hypoactivation of the PFC was driven by impaired activation of glutamatergic neurons following the task. To further assess neuronal activity in the PFC in Glra2 /Y mice during cognition, we recorded calcium transients from infralimbic glutamatergic neurons using in vivo fiber photometry during NOR, and compared them with the calcium response induced by social interaction with a novel mouse. In wild-type animals, repeated exposure to objects during the training phase of the NOR task caused a progressive reduction in calcium-dependent neuronal activity during exploration. This attenuation of the calcium signals was absent from Glra2 /Y mice, further implicating an impairment of prefrontal glutamatergic activity in the NOR deficit observed in this model. In addition, despite a lack of apparent social deficits, Glra2 /Y mice exhibited an attenuated glutamatergic calcium response to novel social stimuli in the PFC. Overall, these findings show that subtle alterations in prefrontal circuit organization and physiology in Glra2 /Y mice result in altered inhibitory/excitatory balance and an aberrant response of prefrontal glutamatergic neurons during recognition memory leading to impaired task performance. These results suggest that the glycine receptor α2 subunit is crucial for normal PFC development, and that defects in prefrontal circuits may underlie the neurocognitive dysfunction observed in patients lacking GLRA2
Wang, Lu. « Régulation présynaptique de la libération de GABA et glycine dans les neurones inhibiteurs de l'Hippocampe ». Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066347.
Texte intégralSalvatico, Charlotte. « Mécanisme de diffusion-capture dans les synapses inhibitrices : suivi en molécule unique à haute densité et aspects thermodynamiques ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066736/document.
Texte intégralThe synapse is a macromolecular structure whose components are constantly renewed while the assembly remains quasi-stable. At the mesoscopic level, neurotransmitter receptors (RNs) accumulate in the post-synaptic compartment (PSD). This accumulation is the result of the lateral diffusion of RNs in the neuronal membrane and transient immobilization within the PSD. This mechanism, called diffusion-trapping has been highlighted by single-molecule-tracking techniques. Scaffold proteins (PE) are localized under the post-synaptic membrane. These proteins form trapping-sites by interacting with RNs. Through an interdisciplinary approach in collaboration with chemists and physicists, the aim of my doctoral research was to understand the parameters that are involved in diffusion-trapping mechanisms. We especially focused on glycine receptor (RGly) trapping by PE clusters at inhibitory synapses, namely the scaffold protein gephyrin. The gephyrin- interaction motif of the GlyR is located within the cytoplasmic domain of the β-subunit of the receptor, the so-called β-loop. Two aspects of the impact of RGly-gephyrin binding on diffusion-trapping were studied. The first was to identify the source of the RGly-gephyrin bimodal binding. The second one addressed the regulation of gephyrin binding by phosphorylation of the GlyR βLoop.My research thus shows that it is now possible to quantify thermodynamic aspects of molecular interactions in living cells using high-density single-molecule-tracking
Vincent, Nadine. « Action de la glycine sur le métabolisme de la glutamine et sur l'uréogénèse dans les hépatocytes isolés de rat ». Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T087.
Texte intégralMellin-Morlière, Christelle. « Synthèse d'arylglycines sous forme énantiométriquement pure ». Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05P630.
Texte intégralBerger, Pascale. « Etude du mécanisme d'action des radicaux hydroxyle sur differentes fonctions azotées en milieu aqueux dilué ». Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2330.
Texte intégralSchumann, Pascale. « Etude en microiontophorèse "in vivo" du RPR 104632 : un nouvel antagoniste du site glycine du récepteur NMDA ». Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P134.
Texte intégralGirard, Jean-Philippe. « Caractérisation d'une famille de protéines nucléolaires impliquées dans la maturation du pré-ARNr chez la levure ». Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30165.
Texte intégralRampon, Claire. « Organisation neuroanatomique des systèmes glycinergiques impliqués dans les mécanismes du sommeil paradoxal ». Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T235.
Texte intégralToutain, Christine. « Etude structure/fonction de DjlA, une protéine membranaire de la famille des chaperons DnaJ/Hsp40 ». Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112268.
Texte intégralBacteria, such as Escherchia coli, must constantly deal with changes in their environment and their survival depends upon their ability to adapt. They have therefore developed numerous signal transduction systems including, amongst others, the RcsC/B system, which regulates the cps operon responsible for the production of a component of the bacterial capsule, colanic acid. Only signals which are linked to envelope modification, in laboratory conditions, are known to turn on the RcsC/B system, and notably a slight overexpression of the inner membrane chaperone DjlA. DjlA belongs to the DnaJ family of chaperones, which are themselves members of the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE system. This chaperone system is not only found in all cell types, but is also implicated in many cellular processes. DjlA is a rather interesting member because it is inserted into the internal membrane, a rare characteristic of proteins in the DnaJ family. .
Saiagh, Kafila. « Photochimie de la matière organique dans le système solaire : application aux grains cométaires ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1159.
Texte intégralThe study of photochemistry in the solar system is of prime importance to assess complex organic chemistry in an extraterrestrial environment. Among those environments, comets are subject to a particular interest in the context of exobiology, along with their grains, as they could have bring organic matter on the primitive earth, and hence contribute to the emergence of life. But to what extent does the organic matter potentially with in grains survive face to solar radiation? My thesis deals with the study of photochemical degradation of three nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine and uracil) and one amino acid ( glycine) in the conditions of the solar system, which means subject to VUV/UV energetically radiations ( <300 nm). Studies performed during this work can also be applied to the interpretation of COSIMA mass spectrometer, present on the cometary mission ROSETTA, which aims to analyze the surface of cometary grains captured in the environment of the 67P/Churyomov-Gerasimenko comet. This work present absorption cross section spectrum measured in the VUV/UV range, for pure organic films. These spectrum led to the deduction of photolysis rate constants, and to the elaboration of a model simulating the global kinetic of destruction of a optically thick organic film. The comparison between this model and experimental data of low earth orbit irradiation as well as laboratory data allowed to estimates lifetimes for the considered molecules at 1 AU, and then extrapolated at different heliocentrically distances. Results show that glycine, adenine and guanine, potentially existing inside the cometary grains, would be entirely destroyed between the ejection of the grains and the arrival on earth if they exist at the surface. Below the surface, they are at the contrary very stable, thanks the effective protection of the mineral constitutive of the grain against solar radiations. In the frame of ROSETTA mission, results differ. At the farther of the sun, at 3.5 AU, the abundance of the molecule would not significantly decrease during the time of travel of grains between the core and the orbiter. At the perihelia, the survival of molecule strongly depends of the core-orbiter distance. Significant loss of the 3 molecules by photochemistry would only occurred if the orbiter is at more than hundred of kilometers from the core
Thérène-Fenoglio, Marie-Catherine. « Effets neurochimiques de l'oxygène hyperbare : lipoperoxydation de différents organes périphériques et centraux, et étude de l'évolution dynamique d'acides aminés extracellulaires par microdialyse intramédullaire ». Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1999AIX20676.pdf.
Texte intégralBazi, Wail El. « Cristallisation discontinue et semi-continue de la glycine : Etude de l’influence d’un anti-solvant ». Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0786/document.
Texte intégralCrystallization is widely used in pharmaceutical industry; however it is necessary to control size, shape and crystal polymorphism. Anti-solvent presence in crystallization media is known to influence these separation process mechanisms, magnitudes and polymorphism. Consequently, anti-solvent use can be a way for crystallization control. For example ethanol can be used on glycine crystallization. In this thesis, we study the glycine crystallisation process in aqueous solutions with anti-solvent. The process takes place in a batch cooling crystallizer and in an isotherm semi batch crystallizer. We check ethanol amount and ethanol addition rate effects on different crystallization magnitudes and mechanisms; we check also the effect on polymorphism
Malieieva, Galyna. « Les acides gynkgolique et niflumique sont les nouveaux modulateurs de récepteur à la glycine ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0030/document.
Texte intégralGlycine receptor is a ligand-gated neuronal receptor that possesses an ion pore permeable for Cl- and represents an important component of inhibitory neurotransmission in CNS of vertebrates. Glycine receptors participate in the control of motor activity, respiration, inflammatory pain sensation, perception of visual and auditory stimuli. Development of efficient modulators of glycine receptors will allow a precise control of their activity, which is especially important in the case of glycine receptor pathologies, such as hyperekplexia. In the present work we have identified ginkgolic and niflumic acids as novel modulators of glycine receptors, characterized their action on different subunits of the receptor and determined the most probable sites of interaction of the compounds with glycine receptors
Valencia, Garcia Sara. « Décryptage du réseau neuronal responsable de l’atonie musculaire pendant le sommeil paradoxal chez le rat : création d’un modèle rongeur du RBD (REM sleep Behavior Disorder) ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10324.
Texte intégralA growing number of studies investigate the neuronal network responsible for paradoxical (PS) (or REM) sleep genesis and muscle atonia specific of this sleep state. The aim of this thesis was to characterize at the anatomical and functional levels the populations of neurons involved in generating muscle atonia during PS and their potential failure in REM sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD). For this purpose, we combined a large panel of experimental techniques such as functional neuroanatomy, retrograde tract-tracing, in situ hybridization, polysomnography and irreversible inactivation of genetically-targeted neurons with short-hairpin RNAs introduced in viral adenovectors (AAV-shRNA) in freely moving rats. We thus demonstrated for the first time that, in contrast to the currently admitted hypothesis, the pontine sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD) is not the PS generator, since genetic inactivation of its glutamatergic neurons or its whole lesion diminish the quantities of but do not eliminate PS. This indicates that the SLD is not sufficient for PS generation. In contrast, our experiments clearly show that the SLD is responsible for muscle atonia because the specific inactivation of its glutamatergic neurons induces an irregular muscle tone concomitant to atypical motor behaviors during PS. In addition, we achieved original data about the location within the ventral medullary reticular formation, and not at spinal levels as often believed, of the glycine/GABA interneurons managing the sustained hyperpolarization of somatic motoneurons during PS. We indeed observed that these medullary neurons are selectively recruited during PS and send monosynaptic inhibitory efferents to the lumbar somatic motoneurons. Furthermore, their genetic inactivation is followed by an increase of abnormal motor behaviors underpinned by a sustained, although irregular, muscle tone. The actimetric analysis of these oneiric experimentally induced behaviors reveals that they are very similar to those observed after SLD inactivation or those reported in RBD patients. Taken together, data harvested during this Thesis help us to better understand the complex neurobiological mechanisms generating PS or specifically contributing to the control of the motor system during PS. At the same time, we validated two rodent models closely mimicking human RBD and thus opening new research fields for the development of targeted treatments for this pathology affecting REM sleep
Jamal, Eddine Jamal. « Utilisation des nucléofuges chiraux dans la réaction de méthylation énantiosélective des énolates dérivés de la glycine ». Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES028.
Texte intégralLesuffleur, Fabien. « Rhizodéposition à court terme de l'azote et exsudation racinaire des acides aminés par le trèfle blanc (Trifolium repens L. ) ». Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2053.
Texte intégralNitrogen (N) fixing legumes contribute to N soil enrichment through N rhizodeposition (including the ammonium and amino acid root exudation pathway), and to N increase in companion grasses through transfer of deposited N. The objectives of this thesis were to characterize short-term N rhizodeposition in white clover (Trifolium repens L. ) and to study its impact on N transfer to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. ), and to characterize root amino acid exudation (selectivity and mechanism). Short-term N rhizodeposition is close to 3 % of N fixed during the 3 days-labelling period. In our conditions, this short-term N rhizodéposition has been relied to N, and notably ammonium, exudation. Simultaneously, 4. 4 % of deposited N is transferred to ryegrass. Plant specie modifies the soil amino acid profile, which is close to the amino acid profile of exudates collected axenically. We show with six different species that amino acid exudation leads to highly contrasted amino acid profiles between roots and exudates (where high proportions of glycine and serine were observed). Amino acid exudation cannot be explained only by a concentration gradient between roots and root bathing solution. Selective exudation of glycine and serine is not due to a tissue partitioning. A method allowing dissociated and simultaneous measurement of both components of root exudation, influx and efflux, was set up. Glycine and serine exudation is explained by high efflux to influx ratios compare to other amino acids. Because of these data, we have questioned the passive aspect of root exudation. The use of inhibitors of active transport indicates that glycine efflux would be dependant on active process
Kouadio, Kouassi N'guettia Venance. « Modification de croissance et remaniements dans la fraction azotée chez de jeunes plants de chêne (quercus robur L. ) soumis à un dessèchement : Effets d'un apport exogène de glycine bétaine ». Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10074.
Texte intégralBos, Rémi. « La double personnalité de l'inhibition dans la moelle épinière ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5070.
Texte intégralThe aim of this thesis was to explore the modulation of the inhibitory synaptic transmission within the spinal motor networks, both during development and after SCI. Spontaneous movements are an ubiquitous feature of fetal and infant behavior. They provide signals that are important for the development of muscles and the assembly of neuronal networks in the spinal cord. In a first study, we characterized one of the mechanisms underlying spontaneous motor behaviors in the in vitro spinal cord preparation isolated from neonatal rats. We demonstrated that the GABA is playing a key role in promoting spontaneous activity through primary afferent depolarizations which reach firing threshold. In the second part of my thesis, we tested the robustness of the in vitro GABAergic depolarizations and their dependence on the aCSF parameters. We demonstrated that during development the depolarizing actions of GABA/glycine on motoneurons and GABA on primary afferent terminals are not due to inadequate energy supply. In the last part of my thesis, we focused on the modulation of the inhibitory synaptic transmission following SCI. We demonstrated that activation of the 5-HT2 receptors, particularly the 5-HT2ᴀ subtype, strengthens inhibitory synaptic transmission to spinal motoneurons by hyperpolarizing the reversal potential of Cl- ions (ECl) and by increasing the cell-membrane expression of KCC2. This phenomenon reduces spasticity after SCI in rats. Upregulation of KCC2 function by targeting 5-HT2ᴀ receptors therefore opens new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of spasticity following SCI
El, Khoueiry Corinne. « Propriétés morphologiques et électrophysiologiques des interneurones PKCγ de la couche IIi du Sp5C chez le rat ». Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF1DD02.
Texte intégralMechanical allodynia, a cardinal symptom of persistent pain, is associated with the unmasking of usually blocked local circuits within the superficial spinal or medullary dorsal horn (MDH), through which low-threshold mechanical inputs can gain access to the lamina I nociceptive output neurons. Key determinants of these circuits are lamina II (IIi) excitatory interneurons that selectively concentrate the gamma isoform of protein kinase C (PKCγ) and receive low-threshold mechanical receptor (LTMR) inputs. Tonic inhibition of PKCγ interneurons is thought to gate circuits underlying mechanical allodynia. However, the morphology, electrophysiological properties and excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs on these PKCγ interneurons are still unknown. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and immunohistochemical techniques in slices of adult rat MDH, we characterized these lamina IIi PKCγ interneurons and compared them with neighboring non-PKCγ interneurons. Our results reveal that the neurites of PKCγ interneurons arborize extensively within lamina IIi, can spread dorsally into lamina IIo, but never reach lamina I. In addition, according to cell bodies and the orientation and extent of dendritic arbors, at least two morphologically different classes of PKCγ interneurons can be identified – central and radial – which appear to be also functionally different. Compared with neighboring lamina IIi non-PKCγ interneurons, PKCγ interneurons exhibit a lower threshold for action potentials, consistent with a more frequent tonic spike discharge to depolarizing step current, indicating that they are more excitable than other lamina IIi neurons. On the other hand, they receive a weaker excitatory synaptic drive. According to inhibitory inputs, most PKCγ interneurons display mixed-GABAA (GABAAR) and glycine (GlyR) receptor synapses with only very few of them displaying also GABAAR-alone or GlyR-alone synapses. Interestingly, all PKCγ interneurons exhibit mixed GABAAR–GlyR as well as GABAAR-only and GlyR-only mIPSCs. Altogether, this study indicates that PKCγ interneurons within lamina IIi of MDH are different from other lamina IIi neighboring neurons according to morphology, electrophysiological properties and synaptic inputs. This is consistent with their specific role in the gating of dorsally directed circuits within the MDH underlying mechanical allodynia. Moreover, we have identified two morphological and functional subclasses of PKCγ interneurons which might thus differently contribute to this gating
Peschard, Olivier. « Déconjugaison par protonation énantioselective : application à la synthèse de la vinylglycine ». Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES017.
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