Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Grapevine health »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Grapevine health"
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Al-Taey, Duraid K. A., et Ali abd Al-Ameer. « Effect of Salinity on the Growth and Yield of Grapes : A review ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1262, no 4 (1 décembre 2023) : 042038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1262/4/042038.
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Abstract The presence of salt in the soil is a major environmental factor that might reduce grapevine productivity. Excessive salt in the soil causes soil salinity, which in turn causes osmotic stress and toxicity to the grapevine’s root system. This can lead to stunted grapevine development, decreased harvests, and inferior fruit quality. Salinity can alter the physical characteristics of soil, making it less porous and less able to absorb water. This can amplify the negative impacts of salinity on grapevine development and harvest success. Numerous factors influence the severity of salinity’s impact on grapevines. The age and rootstock of the vine, as well as the grape variety, are other important factors. The effects of salinity on grapevine development and production vary with the grapevine’s developmental stage. The salinity of the environment can have a greater effect on the vegetative growth stage than the reproductive growth stage. The reproductive phase is brief and relatively immune to salt stress. Grapevines are especially vulnerable to the negative effects of salt stress during the vegetative growth stage, when the plant’s tissues are still developing. These factors can have a negative impact on grapevine health, leading to poorer yields. Grapevine production is less sensitive to salinity when the plants are in the reproductive phase. Salinity, which decreases sugar concentration, increases acidity, and alters flavor, can still have an impact on fruit quality. Growers can take many measures to reduce the negative effects of salt on grapevines. Choose salt-tolerant grape types and rootstocks, enhance drainage to cut down on salt buildup, and use irrigation methods that minimize salt leaching. In conclusion, salinity can significantly affect grapevine development and harvest success.
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Diaz-Lara, Alfredo, Vivian Hayde Aguilar-Molina, José Irving Monjarás-Barrera, Darko Vončina, Teresa M. Erickson et Maher Al Rwahnih. « Potential Implications and Management of Grapevine Viruses in Mexico : A Review ». International Journal of Plant Biology 14, no 1 (28 janvier 2023) : 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14010015.
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Worldwide, virus infections in grapevines are of concern due to the potential for economic loss. Although the grape industry in Mexico is relatively small and focused mainly on the local market, production dates back to the time of the Spanish colonization. This manuscript discusses the findings on grapevine viruses in Mexico. Nine viruses have been identified in the last fifty years, including grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), and grapevine virus A (GVA). Important information is provided about these viruses and viral pathogens that have not yet been reported in Mexico, but represent an ongoing threat to plant health and grapevine production in other viticultural regions of the world. Strategies for virus control in vineyards are described. The information discussed here should be shared with growers and stakeholders to prevent future negative impacts on the Mexican grapevine industry and to save ancient grapevine accessions.
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Castanera, Raúl, Víctor M. González-Miguel, Glòria Escolà, Marta Olivé, Neus Teixidó, Robert Savé, Josep María Casacuberta et Blanca San Segundo. « Cultivar-Dependent Variations in the Microbiome of Grapevine Leaves ». Horticulturae 10, no 12 (13 décembre 2024) : 1333. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10121333.
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The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is a major fruit crop of economic importance worldwide. Commercial grapevine cultivars are susceptible to infection by pathogenic microorganisms that cause diseases both in leaves and fruits, and it is known that the leaf microbiome plays an important role in plant health and fitness. In this study, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to characterize the microbial communities associated with grapevine leaves in three commercial varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon, Garnacha, and Marselan, grown in the same biogeographical unit. Metagenomic data revealed a differential enrichment of the microbial communities living inside grapevine leaves or on the leaf surface in the three varieties. The most abundant fungal taxa associated with grapevine leaves belong to the phylum Ascomycota, which included relevant pathogenic fungi for grapevines, such as Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotium, and Alternaria alternata, as well as several fungal species potentially pathogenic for grapevines (e.g., members of the Colletotrichum, Aspergillus, and Penicillium genera). Basidiomycota constituted a minor fraction of the fungal microbial communities. Grapevine leaves also harbored a diversity of bacterial taxa. At the phylum level, bacterial communities in all three varieties were primarily composed of Pseudomonadata, Bacillota, Bacteroidota, and a lower proportion of Actinomycetota. Differences in the fungal and bacterial community structures were observed between varieties, although they were more important in fungi. In particular, S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea were found to preferentially colonize leaves in the Marselan and Garnacha varieties, respectively. These findings further support that the host genotype can shape its own microbiome in grapevines. A better understanding of the leaf microbiome in grapevines will provide the basis for the development of tailored strategies to prevent diseases in vineyards while helping to increase sustainability in grapevine production.
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Pádua, Luís, Telmo Adão, António Sousa, Emanuel Peres et Joaquim J. Sousa. « Individual Grapevine Analysis in a Multi-Temporal Context Using UAV-Based Multi-Sensor Imagery ». Remote Sensing 12, no 1 (1 janvier 2020) : 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010139.
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The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for remote sensing applications in precision viticulture significantly increased in the last years. UAVs’ capability to acquire high spatiotemporal resolution and georeferenced imagery from different sensors make them a powerful tool for a better understanding of vineyard spatial and multitemporal heterogeneity, allowing the estimation of parameters directly impacting plants’ health status. In this way, the decision support process in precision viticulture can be greatly improved. However, despite the proliferation of these innovative technologies in viticulture, most of the published studies rely only on data from a single sensor in order to achieve a specific goal and/or in a single/small period of the vineyard development. In order to address these limitations and fully exploit the advantages offered by the use of UAVs, this study explores the multi-temporal analysis of vineyard plots at a grapevine scale using different imagery sensors. Individual grapevine detection enables the estimation of biophysical and geometrical parameters, as well as missing grapevine plants. A validation procedure was carried out in six vineyard plots focusing on the detected number of grapevines and missing grapevines. A high overall agreement was obtained concerning the number of grapevines present in each row (99.8%), as well as in the individual grapevine identification (mean overall accuracy of 97.5%). Aerial surveys were conducted in two vineyard plots at different growth stages, being acquired for RGB, multispectral and thermal imagery. Moreover, the extracted individual grapevine parameters enabled us to assess the vineyard variability in a given epoch and to monitor its multi-temporal evolution. This type of analysis is critical for precision viticulture, constituting as a tool to significantly support the decision-making process.
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Úrbez-Torres, J. R., G. M. Leavitt, T. M. Voegel et W. D. Gubler. « Identification and Distribution of Botryosphaeria spp. Associated with Grapevine Cankers in California ». Plant Disease 90, no 12 (décembre 2006) : 1490–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1490.
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Botryosphaeria spp. recently have been identified as important grapevine pathogens worldwide. To date, Botryosphaeria rhodina has been the only species associated with cankers on Vitis vinifera in California. A field survey of 166 vineyards in 21 counties was conducted in order to determine the occurrence of other Botryosphaeria spp. in California. In all, 1,735 samples of cankered trunks, cordons, and spurs were collected. Botryosphaeria spp. were the most common fungi isolated from grapevine cankers in California. Morphological identification along with phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene showed that at least seven Botryosphaeria spp. occur on grapevines in California: B. australis, B. dothidea, B. lutea, B. obtusa, B. parva, B. rhodina, and B. stevensii. Botryosphaeria spp. were found in grapevine cankers in all grape-growing regions surveyed in California, whereas incidence and distribution varied with location. Grapevine cankers in California have been associated mainly with Eutypa dieback. However, the frequent recovery of Botryosphaeria spp. from cankers in this study indicates that the role of these fungi in grapevine health needs to be more carefully considered.
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ÚRBEZ-TORRES, José Ramón, Julie BOULÉ, Jared HRYCAN et Daniel T. O'GORMAN. « Potential role of Fusarium spp. in grapevine decline ». Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60, no 2 (15 septembre 2023) : 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-14679.
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Despite studies associating Fusarium spp. with grapevine decline since late 1970s, no consensus has been reached regarding the roles these fungi play in grapevine health. Recent studies in British Columbia, Canada, assessed prevalence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in young and mature vineyards, and the presence of GTD fungi in ready-to-plant nursery material sold in Canada. This study characterized the Fusarium spp. isolated from grapevines in BC by sequencing part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) gene, and carried out pathogenicity studies to determine whether Fusarium plays a role in grapevine decline. Fusarium spp. were isolated from 9.8% of samples collected from young vines (≤ 8-year-old), and 7.3% from mature vines (> 8-year-old), showing decline symptoms in commercial vineyards. Fusarium was also isolated from 43.9% of ready-to-plant dormant grapevines analyzed from four nurseries. Fusarium incidence varied between plants within the same nursery and between plants from the different nurseries. DNA sequences of TEF1 allowed identification of Fusarium oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. ramigenum, and a Fusarium sp. Pathogenicity studies were conducted in 1-year-old dormant rooted ‘Chardonnay’ plants grafted onto ‘3309C’ rootstock, and treatments included: i) whole plant, ii) trimming of roots, iii) cut at rootstock basal ends, and iv) trimming of roots plus cut at rootstock basal ends. Plants were inoculated using standardized methods, and were then planted in a greenhouse. Fusarium was compared with Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. pauciseptata and Ilyonectria liriodendri used as positive controls. The Fusarium spp. caused necroses in rootstock roots and basal ends that were similar to those caused by black-foot fungi. Fusarium spp. and black-foot fungi reduced root and shoot dry weights when compared with non-inoculated controls, but no statistically significant differences were recorded for most treatments. This study is the first in Canada to identify Fusarium spp. from grapevines. Though Fusarium was common in these grapevines, pathogenicity tests suggest that the identified Fusarium spp. were weakly pathogenic to ‘3309C’ rootstock grapevines.
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Welsh, Brady L., Raphael Eisenhofer, Susan E. P. Bastian et Stephen P. Kidd. « Monitoring the viable grapevine microbiome to enhance the quality of wild wines ». Microbiology Australia 44, no 1 (9 mars 2023) : 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma23004.
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Grapevines that are used for winemaking host a diverse range of microorganisms that make up their microbiome. The microbes that inhabit the grapevine have been used by winemakers to produce wine for centuries, although modern wine producers often rely on inoculated microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the Australian wine industry, there is a movement towards returning to the utilisation of the microbiome for wine fermentation. With the recent increase in the understanding of the role of the grapevine microbiome in grapevine health, fermentation and subsequent wine sensory traits, the microbial world offers a new level of complexity that can be harnessed for winemaking. In order to develop and maintain a desired vineyard micro-biodiversity, extensive microbial monitoring is required. Here we discuss the utilisation of a viability selection dye in order to distinguish between microorganisms that are live and associated with the host, and relic signals generated from non-living sources.
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Demian, Emese, Aliz Holczbauer, Zsuzsanna Nagyne Galbacs, Nikoletta Jaksa-Czotter, Mihaly Turcsan, Robert Olah et Eva Varallyay. « Variable Populations of Grapevine Virus T Are Present in Vineyards of Hungary ». Viruses 13, no 6 (10 juin 2021) : 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061119.
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Grapevine virus T (GVT) is a recently described foveavirus, which was identified from a transcriptome of a Teroldego grapevine cultivar in 2017. Recently, we surveyed vineyards and rootstock plantations in Hungary using small RNA (sRNA) high-throughput sequencing (HTS), at a time when GVT had not yet been described. A re-analysis of our sRNA HTS datasets and a survey of grapevines by RT-PCR revealed the presence of GVT in most of the vineyards tested, while at rootstock fields its presence was very rare. The presence and high variability of the virus in the country was confirmed by sequence analysis of strains originating from different vineyards. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of GVT in Hungary and show its high diversity, suggesting that GVT presence may not seriously affect grapevine health and that it could have been present in European vineyards for a long time as a latent infection.
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Perazzolli, Michele, Livio Antonielli, Michelangelo Storari, Gerardo Puopolo, Michael Pancher, Oscar Giovannini, Massimo Pindo et Ilaria Pertot. « Resilience of the Natural Phyllosphere Microbiota of the Grapevine to Chemical and Biological Pesticides ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no 12 (28 mars 2014) : 3585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00415-14.
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ABSTRACTThe phyllosphere is colonized by complex microbial communities, which are adapted to the harsh habitat. Although the role and ecology of nonpathogenic microorganisms of the phyllosphere are only partially understood, leaf microbiota could have a beneficial role in plant growth and health. Pesticides and biocontrol agents are frequently applied to grapevines, but the impact on nontarget microorganisms of the phyllosphere has been marginally considered. In this study, we investigated the effect of a chemical fungicide (penconazole) and a biological control agent (Lysobacter capsiciAZ78) on the leaf microbiota of the grapevine at three locations. Amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene and of the internal transcribed spacer were sequenced for bacterial and fungal identification, respectively. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that the richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal populations were only minimally affected by the chemical and biological treatments tested, and they mainly differed according to grapevine locations. Indigenous microbial communities of the phyllosphere are adapted to environmental and biotic factors in the areas where the grapevines are grown, and they are resilient to the treatments tested. The biocontrol properties of phyllosphere communities against downy mildew differed among grapevine locations and were not affected by treatments, suggesting that biocontrol communities could be improved with agronomic practices to enrich beneficial populations in vineyards.
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Strack, Timo, et Manfred Stoll. « Implication of Row Orientation Changes on Fruit Parameters of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling in Steep Slope Vineyards ». Foods 10, no 11 (3 novembre 2021) : 2682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112682.
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Row orientation, among others, is a crucial factor in determining grapevine performance and health status, thus affecting berry components that form the basis of the later wine profile. However, the literature about the impact of changes in row orientation at steep slope sites on grapevine fruit composition as well as the differentiation between canopy sides hardly exists. Thus, the aim of this work was to gain knowledge about the impact of row orientation in steep slope vineyards on selected primary and secondary metabolites in berries of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling. Samples were taken from both canopy sides of different row orientations of terraced and downslope vineyards in steep slopes. Free amino acids in the juice and flavonols in the berry skin had a positive correlation to sunlight exposure. Furthermore, grapevines showed adaptations to constantly higher light conditions, e.g., physiologically in reduction in chlorophyll content or protective mechanisms resulting in a lower susceptibility to sunburn damage. Thus, grapevine fruit parameters are affected by row orientation change in steep slopes.
Thèses sur le sujet "Grapevine health"
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Koledenkova, Kseniia. « Développement de solutions de lutte biologique dans la vigne (Vitis vinifera L.) pour augmenter sa résistance naturelle au mildiou (Plasmopara viticola) ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS033.
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La culture de la vigne, pratiquée dans 45 pays, joue un rôle essentiel dans la viticulture, notamment en France, qui y contribue d’une manière significative. Cependant, les vignobles français sont confrontés à des stress biotiques et abiotiques, ce qui les rend fortement dépendants des pesticides. Plasmopara viticola, l’agent responsable du mildiou de la vigne, constitue une menace majeure pour la viticulture mondiale. Historiquement, les fongicides ont été la méthode principale de lutte, mais leur utilisation excessive a engendré des problèmes environnementaux et favorisé l’apparîtion de souches résistantes. En réponse à ces défis, des stratégies de lutte alternatives, telles que la sélection des cépages résistants, l’utilisation d’agents de biocontrôle et d’inducteurs de résistance, ont gagné d’importance.Notre étude explore l'amélioration de la sélection variétale avec des bactéries bénéfiques. Nous avons caractérisé la résistance du mildiou chez différentes cépages de vigne, approfondi les mécanismes de résistance sous-jacents et examiné les réponses des plantes à l'infection. Nous avons évalué l'impact d'un agent de biocontrôle sur le mildiou dans des variétés présentant différents niveaux de résistance. Les techniques de phénotypage et les approches transcriptomiques ont révélé la diversité des voies diverses de défense ainsi que des niveaux variés d'immunité de base. Bien qu'un effet modeste d'amorçage bactérien ait été observé chez les cépages sensibles, les niveaux de résistance des variétés résistantes sont restés inchangés.Dans les régions à forte humidité et température modérée, nous avons étudié si les variétés résistantes au mildiou manifestaient également une résistance à Botrytis cinerea. L'étude a révélé la nécessité de recourir à des produits phytopharmaceutiques, car l'acquisition de la résistance au mildiou s’accompagner, potentiellement, d'une perte de gènes impliqués dans la résistance à la pourriture grise. A la suite de tests biologiques et d’analyses moléculaires, nous avons proposé l’utilisation de la bactérie bénéfique Burkholderia vietnamiensis comme agent de lutte biologique, offrant une alternative prometteuse aux produits chimiquesGrapevine cultivation, spanning 45 countries, plays a vital role in global viticulture, with France making significant contribution. However, French vineyards are challenged by biotic and abiotic stresses and rely heavily on chemical pesticides. Plasmopara viticola, the pathogen responsible of grapevine downy mildew, poses a serious threat to viticulture worldwide. Although chemical fungicides have traditionally been the primary method of control, their misuse has led to environmental issues and the development of resistant strains. As a result, alternative strategies like breeding resistant cultivar, using biocontrol agents, and applying resistance inducers have gained importance.Our study explores enhancing breeding programs with the use of beneficial bacteria. We characterized downy mildew resistance in different grapevine cultivars, investigated the underlying resistance mechanisms, and examined plant responses to infection. We also assessed the impact of a biocontrol agent on downy mildew across grapevine cultivars with varying resistance levels. Phenotyping and transcriptomic analyses revealed diverse defense pathways and varying levels of basal immunity. While a modest effect of bacterial priming was observed in susceptible cultivars, the resistance levels in resistant cultivars remained unaltered.In regions prone to high humidity and moderate temperatures, we investigated whether downey mildew-resistant cultivars also exhibited resistance to Botrytis cinerea. The study highlighted the ongoing need for plant-protection products, as the acquisition of downy mildew resistance maybe associated with a loss of genes involved in gray mold resistance. After biotests and molecular analyses, we proposed the use of the beneficial bacterium Burkholderia vietnamiensis as a biocontrol agent, offering a promising alternative to chemical products
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Wells, RB. « Investigations into the relationships of stress and leaf health of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) on grape and wine qualities ». Thesis, 2011. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/11418/2/whole.pdf.
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Trials were established to investigate links between late season leaf health and wine quality in Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc, on a vineyard in Northern Tasmania.
One series of trials located areas within Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc vineyards with regions of pre-existing shoot vigour variation. Ground-based measurements of vine canopy along with aerial imaging of near infrared and red light reflectance were used to characterise the canopies, and compare vigour assessment systems compared. Leaf health was assessed by chlorophyll concentration and late season retention. Yield and fruit chemistry attributes were assessed, and small-scale winemaking was used to investigate fermentation rate and wine quality.
Four nitrogen application trials were established: a nitrogen by irrigation trial (2005-06); a nitrogen rate (0, 20, 35 and 50 g N/vine in 2006-07 and 0, 20 and 50 g N/vine in 2007- 08) by timing (pre-bloom, post bloom, pre-veraison and post veraison) trial; a nitrogen by exposure trial (nil or 100 g N/vine, shaded or exposed clusters) and a comparison of wine from must nitrogen increase by field fertiliser application or winery supplementation. Changes to shoot growth, leaf chlorophyll and retention, fruit yield and chemical attributes, and wine fermentation and composition were assessed.
Shoot vigour was correlated with leaf chlorophyll concentration and late season leaf retention in vigour trials, however leaf health measures could be influenced by nitrogen application timing independent of shoot vigour. Shoot growth responded to nitrogen availability prior to fruit set, while leaf chlorophyll was altered by nitrogen availability at any stage. Pre-bloom additions increase shoot growth in year 1 but in year 2 there was no impact from nitrogen timing. Leaf retention was improved by nitrogen applications after fruit set, but not before, and was independent of preceding season applications.
Pinot Noir fruit did not vary in total soluble solids (TSS) as a result of vine vigour. Sauvignon Blanc juice TSS from high vigour vines decreased, while titratable acidity increased in high vigour vines in all trials. Nitrogen application increased TSS in one season, while TA was higher after high rates of nitrogen, particularly when applied post bloom. Yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) influenced fermentation rates, and increased with vigour, and could also be increased by nitrogen addition. Wine tannins decreased with vigour and high rates of nitrogen, with changing sunlight exposure being the major influence. DAP additions produced wines that were distinct from field applied nitrogen, and when applied prior to inoculation led to an increase in wine colour density.
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Hu, Yikang. « Temporal gene expression analysis reveals a synergistic effect of combined drought and heat stress in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) ». Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/114125.
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Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) is widely used for winemaking all over the world. Drought and heat stresses are two of the major abiotic stresses reducing grape quality and yield. However, drought and heat tolerance are still poorly characterized in perennial crops such as grapevine. During this study, stomatal conductance, stem water potential and leaf temperature were measured to determine plant physiological status. RNA-seq technology was used for the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of leaf samples between the control and three treatments, which were drought, heat and a combined treatment. Gene expression profiles were grouped by treatments and timepoints. The great majority of unique DEGs were found to be induced by the combined drought and heat treatment. 169 up-regulated genes were induced by drought, 85 by heat and 1218 by the combined treatment; 78 down-regulated genes were induced by drought, 72 by heat and 1427 by the combined treatment. Three potential and significant regulation pathways of stress response were identified based on Gene Ontology (GO) analysis i.e. cytokinin-activated signalling pathway, ion transport pathway and Nitric Oxide-mediated pathway. This study provides preliminary insights into the transcriptomic response to drought and heat stress in grapevine.Thesis (M.Bio.(PB)) -- University of Adelaide, Masters of Biotechnology (Plant Biotechnology), School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2017.
Livres sur le sujet "Grapevine health"
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Birth of Grapevine Health : A Doctor's Journey to Build Trust and Restore Humanity in Medicine. Productivity Press, 2023.
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Birth of Grapevine Health : A Doctor's Journey to Build Trust and Restore Humanity in Medicine. Productivity Press, 2023.
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White, Robert, et Mark Krstic. Healthy Soils for Healthy Vines. CSIRO Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486307395.
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Healthy Soils for Healthy Vines provides a clear understanding of vineyard soils and how to manage and improve soil health for best vineyard performance. It covers the inherent and dynamic properties of soil health, how to choose which soil properties to monitor, how to monitor soil and vine performance, and how vineyard management practices affect soil health, fruit composition and wine sensory characters. It also covers the basic tenets of sustainable winegrowing and their significance for business resilience in the face of a changing climate.
This book will be of practical value to anyone growing grapevines, managing a vineyard or making wine, from the small individual grower to the large wine company employee. It will be of special interest to winegrowers employing organic, natural or biodynamic methods of production, where the primary focus is on the biological health of the soil.
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White, Robert E. Understanding Vineyard Soils. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199342068.001.0001.
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The first edition of Understanding Vineyard Soils has been praised for its comprehensive coverage of soil topics relevant to viticulture. However, the industry is dynamic--new developments are occurring, especially with respect to measuring soil variability, managing soil water, possible effects of climate change, rootstock breeding and selection, monitoring sustainability, and improving grape quality and the "typicity" of wines. All this is embodied in an increased focus on the terroir or "sense of place" of vineyard sites, with greater emphasis being placed on wine quality relative to quantity in an increasingly competitive world market. The promotion of organic and biodynamic practices has raised a general awareness of "soil health", which is often associated with a soil's biology, but which to be properly assessed must be focused on a soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties. This edition of White's influential book presents the latest updates on these and other developments in soil management in vineyards. With a minimum of scientific jargon, Understanding Vineyard Soils explains the interaction between soils on a variety of parent materials around the world and grapevine growth and wine typicity. The essential chemical and physical processes involving nutrients, water, oxygen and carbon dioxide, moderated by the activities of soil organisms, are discussed. Methods are proposed for alleviating adverse conditions such as soil acidity, sodicity, compaction, poor drainage, and salinity. The pros and cons of organic viticulture are debated, as are the possible effects of climate change. The author explains how sustainable wine production requires winegrowers to take care of the soil and minimize their impact on the environment. This book is a practical guide for winegrowers and the lay reader who is seeking general information about soils, but who may also wish to pursue in more depth the influence of different soil types on vine performance and wine character.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Grapevine health"
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Fitzpatrick, Lisa K. « Achieving Health Equity ». Dans The Birth of Grapevine Health, 91–114. New York : Productivity Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003243502-3.
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Fitzpatrick, Lisa K. « Health Literacy Matters ». Dans The Birth of Grapevine Health, 1–30. New York : Productivity Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003243502-1.
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Fitzpatrick, Lisa K. « The Birth and Evolution of Grapevine Health ». Dans The Birth of Grapevine Health, 31–90. New York : Productivity Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003243502-2.
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Fitzpatrick, Lisa K. « Epilogue ». Dans The Birth of Grapevine Health, 115–17. New York : Productivity Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003243502-4.
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Viret, Olivier, et Katia Gindro. « Fungi and Grapevine Mycobiota ». Dans Science of Fungi in Grapevine, 109–95. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68663-4_3.
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AbstractThe fungi kingdom consists of a vast group of macro- and microscopic eukaryotic organisms characterised by a heterotrophic mode of nutrition and sexual and asexual forms of reproduction. Their history dating back millions of years attests to their remarkable capacity for adaptation, their diversity and their evolutionary plasticity. They encompass an enormous variety of organisms ranging from unicellular yeasts to filamentous fungi which form extensive underground mycelial networks.Fungi are ubiquitous and play a key role in ecosystems as decomposers, symbionts and pathogens. Decomposers are essential for breaking down organic matter in the soil and recycling the nutrients. Symbiotic fungi such as the mycorrhizals establish beneficial mutual relationships with plants. They provide essential nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen and receive organic compounds produced by the plant in return. Pathogenic fungi can cause serious diseases in plants, animals and humans. The immense destructive power of phytopathogenic fungi requires effective control measures to minimise their impact on crops. Plants cohabit with a vast array of fungi which form the mycobiome either in (endophytic) or on (ectophytic) the vegetative tissue. These fungi play a vital role in plant health, growth and environmental adaptation. Depending on specific biotic and abiotic factors, some species within the mycobiome can change behaviour and switch from an endophytic to a pathogenic state.Understanding the diversity, role and interactions of the grapevine mycobiome provides new opportunities for sustainable vineyard management. Fungi and plants have cohabited for millennia in a relationship characterised by constantly shifting coevolutionary dynamics that have yet to be discovered.
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Viret, Olivier, et Katia Gindro. « Disease Control ». Dans Science of Fungi in Grapevine, 401–61. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68663-4_8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractFungal disease control in grapevine is essential for the production of high-quality grapes. Regardless of the strategies and modes of production implemented (organic, biodynamic, integrated) and whatever the climatic conditions, growing sensitive Vitis vinifera cultivars depends on the success of disease control. Since the arrival of downy and powdery mildew in Europe over 150 years ago, no alternative to spraying the vines with fungicide at regular intervals has been found. Active ingredients in the fungicides were based on copper and sulphur until the development of newly synthesised molecules in the late 1950s, followed by the release onto the market of several plant protection products. Their regular use raises environmental and human health issues for scientists and practitioners, still searching for more natural and effective alternatives. Despite major research efforts on this front, even naturally occurring molecules used as plant protection products must be applied precisely on the leaves and grape surfaces, requiring the right product, the right dosage and the right timing of the application depending on the biological development of the pathogens and sensitivity of the vine. Success also ultimately depends on the technical performance of the sprayer and its calibration to guarantee efficacy, as well as the protection of the environment and the user.
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Gokcen, Ibrahim Samet, et Elif Nisa Pak. « Viticulture in a Warming World : Navigating Climate Challenges ». Dans Climate Change and Future of Agriculture, 15–29. Istanbul : Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359449.2.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivation represents a significant sector of global agriculture, contributing to the production of wine grapes, table grapes, dried fruits, and fruit juice. While traditionally thriving in diverse climatic and soil conditions, grapevines are increasingly challenged by the impacts of climate change, including rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and heightened occurrences of extreme weather events. This review examines the multifaceted challenges posed by climate change on grapevine cultivation, focusing on key stressors such as heat stress, drought, flooding, alterations in soil dynamics, early maturation, and increased susceptibility to pests and diseases. Furthermore, the review explains adaptation strategies that can be employed to enhance resilience to climate-related risks and ensure the sustainability of viticulture under evolving environmental conditions. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the necessity for collaborative research efforts and proactive measures within the viticultural community to address the challenges posed by climate change and safeguard the future of grapevine cultivation and wine production.
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Gindro, Katia, Virginia Alonso-Villaverde, Olivier Viret, Jean-Laurent Spring, Guillaume Marti, Jean-Luc Wolfender et Roger Pezet. « Stilbenes : Biomarkers of Grapevine Resistance to Disease of High Relevance for Agronomy, Oenology and Human Health ». Dans Plant Defence : Biological Control, 25–54. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1933-0_2.
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Kent, Kristen M., Maggie L. Hogan, David B. Riddle et Martin Heesacker. « Tending the grapevine : a qualitative analysis of responses to a psychotherapist-in-training testing positive for COVID-19 ». Dans How the COVID-19 Pandemic Transformed the Mental Health Landscape, 194–220. London : Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003352235-17.
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Valleggi, Lorenzo, et Federico Mattia Stefanini. « On the utility of treating a vineyard against Plasmopara viticola : a Bayesian analysis ». Dans Proceedings e report, 233–37. Florence : Firenze University Press and Genova University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0106-3.41.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Plasmopara viticola is the causal agent of the downy mildew, the most severe disease of grapevines. In order to prevent and/or mitigate the plant disease, fungicide treatments are often required, despite the presence of side effects on the environment and the potential hazard for human health in case of prolonged exposition. The choice of proper treatments and optimal scheduling is the key to managing downy mildew in an eco-friendly way. Plasmopara viticola’s growth depends on meteorological variables, like temperature and rain, plant’s genotype, the degree of exposition to oospores and soil conditions. Field measurements are expensive both for the high cost of oospore sensors and for the need of meteorological sensors describing the microclimate around each plant. Whatever the amount of information gathered from sensors of a vineyard, a decision must be taken, e.g. according to the predicted probability of infected leaves (and grapes) and considering side effects like the impact of a chemical treatment on the soil and on biodiversity. A multi-attribute utility function on variables describing future consequences of a decision may be defined by following the assumptions of utility independence and preferential independence. The inherent uncertainty is described by a Bayesian prior-predictive distribution where prior are elicited from experts, and eventually updated using available data. The resulting optimal decision is defined as the argument that maximises the expected value of the utility function. The proposed utility function may be tuned to match the individual preference scheme of the winegrower and eventually extended to include further variables like those describing the quality and yield of grapes.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Grapevine health"
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« Induction of defense and biocontrol of powdery mildew on grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera L.) using Pseudomonas protegens. » Dans Plant Health 2024. American Phytopathological Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/aps-ph24-025.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In Chile, wine grapes occupy an area around 130 thousand hectares, which are divided in six important wine regions. However, powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) is an important threat to maintain vineyard productivity, because these diseases cause severe yield losses. Disease control is based on the application of chemical fungicides that affect vineyard sustainability. Induction of resistance in plants through biological inducers appears as a novel alternative to be included in integrated disease management programs. This study assessed in leaves and bunches the induction of six resistance genes in plants of cv. Chardonnay by applying two bioproducts based on Pseudomonas protegens (Taniri® WP, MaxGrowth) and Acibenzolar-S-Methyl (ASM), by qPCR through the ΔΔCt method and determining their powdery mildew control efficacy. The expression of the genes coding for the PR1 (Pathogenesis-related protein 1), PR2 (Beta-1,3-glucanase), PR10 (Pathogenesis-related protein 10), PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), SUB (Protease-Subtilisin), and LOX (Lipoxygenase) proteins was studied at 24 hours, 7 and 14 days after application of the treatments. Bacterial formulation increased the expression of defense genes at a level equal to or greater than ASM (two to four times). Powdery mildew was significantly reduced by the bioinducers (P<0,05). Use of bioinducer could be a tool to improve the disease management of powdery mildew in grapevines.
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« Cross-pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. from different fruit hosts in wood cutting and green shoots of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in Chile ». Dans Plant Health 2024. American Phytopathological Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/aps-ph24-064.
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Ouhami, Maryam, Youssef Es-saady, Mohammed El Hajj, Raphael Canals et Adel Hafiane. « Meteorological Data and UAV Images for the Detection and Identification of Grapevine Disease Using Deep Learning ». Dans 2022 E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ehb55594.2022.9991443.
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Slave, Camelia, et Carmen Mihaela Man. « The Use of GIS Technologies in the Monitoring Grapevine Plantation ». Dans 7th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2023 – Economics and Management : How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2023.271.
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Precision agriculture represents a management approach for the entire agricultural area of a county, in this case, Ialomita county. Precision agriculture uses geographic information technology, positioning satellite data (GNSS), remote sensing and proximal collection of data. Precision agriculture is an agricultural management concept based on the observation, measurement and control of crops. Another term used to describe precision agriculture is the term crop management. Precision agriculture uses information technology to ensure that the soil and crops receive exactly what they need in the quantities required for health and productivity over time. Also, this ensures profitability, sustainability and protection of the environment, which is why it presents only benefits. In the near future using information technologies will play an increasingly important role in agricultural production and resource management.
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Chudy, Milan, Jan Cimo et Tatijana Kotus. « GRAPEVINE SUNBURN � HEAT AND DROUGHT ». Dans 20th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings SGEM 2020. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/5.1/s20.051.
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« Disease Identification and Management in Cold-hardy Interspecific Hybrid Grapevines ». Dans Plant Health 2024. American Phytopathological Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/aps-ph24-159.
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« Coping with extreme climatic events : some lessons from recent work on grapevine under heat peak ». Dans Open-GPB. International Viticulture and Enology Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58233/27wbizts.
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Zorer, Roberto, Duccio Rocchini, Luca Delucchi, Fabio Zottele, Franco Meggio et Markus Neteler. « Use of multi-annual MODIS Land Surface Temperature data for the characterization of the heat requirements for grapevine varieties ». Dans 2011 6th International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Images (Multi-Temp). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/multi-temp.2011.6005089.
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Romero Sierra, Curro, et Víctor Miguel Frías Martínez. « Determinación de la actividad de la enzima Fenilalanina Amonio Liasa (PAL) en muestras vegetales tratadas con Brotomax® ». Dans II CONGRÉS DE LA TOMATA VALENCIANA : L'AUTÈNTICA. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/tomaval2024.2024.18665.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Secondary metabolites in plants are organic molecules that fulfil non-essential but necessary functions. Among these, phenolic compounds or phenylpropanoids play a fundamental role. They are biochemically modulated and synthesised via two principal pathways, the shikimic acid pathway and, to a lesser extent, the malonic acid pathway. The enzyme Phenylalanine Ammonium Lyase (PAL) is found in the shikimic acid pathway and is responsible for naturally synthesising polyphenols, phytoalexins and phytotoxins in plants. The results obtained by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) show how applying Brotomax® to a healthy grapevine plantation can increase the enzymatic activity of PAL in the leaves, with statistically significant differences compared to untreated or control plants. Better results are also obtained when the elicitor is applied via irrigation as opposed to foliar application. Brotomax® does not directly provide the plant with phenolic compounds, instead it influences the biochemical modulation of these compounds and lets nature regulate and balance their action..................................................................................Los metabolitos secundarios de las plantas son moléculas orgánicas que cumplen funciones no esenciales, pero sí necesarias. Dentro de ellos ocupan un papel fundamental los componentes fenólicos o fenilpropanoides, los cuales son modulables bioquímicamente y sintetizados principalmente en dos rutas, la ruta del ácido shikímico y en menor medida en la ruta del ácido malónico. La enzima Fenilalanina Amonio Liasa (PAL) se encuentra en la ruta del ácido shikímico y es la responsable de la síntesis de los polifenoles, fitoalexinas y fitotoxinas en las plantas de manera natural. Los resultados obtenidos en el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) demuestran cómo la aplicación de Brotomax® en una plantación sana de uva de mesa, es capaz de incrementar la actividad enzimática de la PAL en hojas, existiendo diferencias estadísticas respecto al no tratado o testigo. También se obtienen mejores resultados cuando realizamos la aplicación vía riego de dicho elicitor en comparación a su aplicación vía foliar. Brotomax® no aporta directamente los compuestos fenólicos a la planta, sino que incide en la modulación bioquímica de los mismos; y deja que la naturaleza regule y equilibre su acción.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Grapevine health"
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Gafny, Ron, A. L. N. Rao et Edna Tanne. Etiology of the Rugose Wood Disease of Grapevine and Molecular Study of the Associated Trichoviruses. United States Department of Agriculture, septembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575269.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines, characterized by modification of the woody cylinder of affected vines. The control of rugose wood is based on the production of healthy propagation material. Detection of rugose wood in grapevines is difficult and expensive: budwood from tested plants is grafted onto sensitive Vitis indicators and the appearance of symptoms is monitored for 3 years. The etiology of rugose wood is complex and has not yet been elucidated. Several elongated clostero-like viruses are consistently found in affected vines; one of them, grapevine virus A (GVA), is closely associated with Kober stem grooving, a component of the rugose wood complex. GVA has a single-stranded RNA genome of 7349 nucleotides, excluding a polyA tail at the 3' terminus. The GVA genome includes five open reading frames (ORFs 1-5). ORF 4, which encodes for the coat protein of GVA, is the only ORF for which the function was determined experimentally. The original objectives of this research were: 1- To produce antisera to the structural and non-structural proteins of GVA and GVB and to use these antibodies to establish an effective detection method. 2- Develop full length infectious cDNA clones of GVA and GVB. 3- Study the roll of GVA and GVB in the etiology of the grapevine rugose wood disease. 4- Determine the function of Trichovirus (now called Vitivirus) encoded genes in the virus life cycle. Each of the ORFs 2, 3, 4 and 5 genes of GVA were cloned and expressed in E. coli and used to produce antisera. Both the CP (ORF 4) and the putative MP (ORF 3) were detected with their corresponding antisera in-GVA infected N. benthamiana and grapevine. The MP was first detected at an early stage of the infection, 6-12 h after inoculation, and the CP 2-3 days after inoculation. The MP could be detected in GVA-infected grapevines that tested negative for CP, both with CP antiserum and with a commercially available ELISA kit. Antisera to ORF 2 and 5 encoded proteins could react with the recombinant proteins but failed to detect both proteins in GVA infected plants. A full-length cDNA clone of grapevine virus A (GVA) was constructed downstream from the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Capped in vitro transcribed RNA was infectious in N. benthamiana and N. clevelandii plants. Symptoms induced by the RNA transcripts or by the parental virus were indistinguishable. The infectivity of the in vitro-transcribed RNA was confirmed by serological detection of the virus coat and movement proteins and by observation of virions by electron microscopy. The full-length clone was modified to include a gus reporter gene and gus activity was detected in inoculated and systemic leaves of infected plants. Studies of GVA mutants suggests that the coat protein (ORF 4) is essential for cell to cell movement, the putative movement protein (ORF 3) indeed functions as a movement protein and that ORF 2 is not required for virus replication, cell to cell or systemic movement. Attempts to infect grapevines by in-vitro transcripts, by inoculation of cDNA construct in which the virus is derived by the CaMV 35S promoter or by approach grafting with infected N. benthamiana, have so far failed. Studies of the subcellular distribution of GFP fusion with each of ORF 2, 3 and 4 encoded protein showed that the CP fusion protein accumulated as a soluble cytoplasmatic protein. The ORF 2 fusion protein accumulated in cytoplasmatic aggregates. The MP-GFP fusion protein accumulated in a large number of small aggregates in the cytoplasm and could not move from cell to cell. However, in conditions that allowed movement of the fusion protein from cell to cell (expression by a PVX vector or in young immature leaves) the protein did not form cytoplasmatic aggregates but accumulated in the plasmodesmata.
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Safeguarding through science : Center for Plant Health Science and Technology 2009 Accomplishments. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, février 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7296843.aphis.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) provides scientific support for the regulatory decisions and operations of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program in order to safeguard U.S. agriculture and natural resources. CPHST is responsible for ensuring that PPQ has the information, tools, and technology to make the most scientifically valid regulatory and policy decisions possible. In addition, CPHST ensures that PPQ’s operations have the most scientifically viable and practical tools for pest exclusion, detection, and management. This 2009 CPHST Annual Report is intended to offer an in-depth look at the status of our programs and the progress CPHST has made toward the Center’s long-term strategic goals. CPHST's work is organized into six National Science Programs: Agricultural Quarantine Inspection and Port Technology; Risk and Pathway Analysis; Domestic Surveillance, Detection, and Identification; Emergency Response; Response and Recovery Systems Technology - Arthropods; and Response and Recovery Systems Technology - Plant Pathogens and Weeds. the scientists of CPHST provide leadership and expertise in a wide range of fields, including risk assessments that support trade, commodity quarantine treatments, pest survey and detection methods, molecular diagnostics, biological control techniques, integrated pest management, and mass rearing of insects. Some highlights of significant CPHST efforts in 2009 include: Establishment of the National Ornamentals Research Site at Dominican University of California, Established LBAM Integrated Pest Management and Survey Methods, Continue to develop Citrus Greening/Huanglongbing Management Tools, and further European Grapevine Moth (EGVM) Response.
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Plant Protection and Quarantine : Helping U.S. Agriculture Thrive--Across the Country and Around the World, 2016 Annual Report. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, mars 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7207241.aphis.
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For Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) and our partners, 2016 was a year of remarkable successes. Not only did we eradicate 10 fruit fly outbreaks, but we also achieved 4 years with zero detections of pink bollworm, moving us one step closer to eradicating this pest from all commercial cotton-growing areas of the continental United States. And when the U.S. corn industry faced the first-ever detection of bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas vasicular pv vasculorum), we devised a practical and scientific approach to manage the disease and protect valuable export markets. Our most significant domestic accomplishment this year, however, was achieving one of our agency’s top 10 goals: eliminating the European grapevine moth (EGVM) from the United States. On the world stage, PPQ helped U.S. agriculture thrive in the global market-place. We worked closely with our international trading partners to develop and promote science-based standards, helping to create a safe, fair, and predictable agricultural trade system that minimizes the spread of invasive plant pests and diseases. We reached critical plant health agreements and resolved plant health barriers to trade, which sustained and expanded U.S. export markets valued at more than $4 billion. And, we helped U.S. producers meet foreign market access requirements and certified the health of more than 650,000 exports, securing economic opportunities for U.S. products abroad. These successes underscore how PPQ is working every day to keep U.S. agriculture healthy and profitable.