Thèses sur le sujet « Graphes planaires »
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Lapoire, Denis. « Structuration des graphes planaires ». Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10684.
Texte intégralTishchenko, Serge. « Diamètre des graphes planaires ». Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066566.
Texte intégralZighem, Ismail. « Etude d'invariants de graphes planaires ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10211.
Texte intégralIsenmann, Lucas. « Des graphes planaires vers des dimensions supérieures ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS142.
Texte intégralIn this thesis we look for generalizations of some properties of planar graphs to higher dimensions by replacing graphs by simplicial complexes.In particular we study the Dushnik-Miller dimension which measures how a partial order is far from being a linear order.When applied to simplicial complexes, this dimension seems to capture some geometric properties.In this idea, we disprove a conjecture asserting that any simplicial complex of Dushnik-Miller dimension at most d+1 can be represented as a TD-Delaunay complex in RR d, which is a variant of the well known Delaunay graphs in the plane.We show that any supremum section, particular simplicial complexes related to the Dushnik-Miller dimension, is collapsible, which means that it is possible to reach the single point by removing in a certain order the faces of the complex.We introduce the notion of stair packings and we prove that the Dushnik-Miller dimension is connected to contact complexes of such packings.We also prove new results on planar graphs.The two following theorems about representations of planar graphs are proved: any planar graph is an llcorner-intersection graph and any triangle-free planar graph is an {llcorner, | , -}-contact graph.We introduce and study a new notion on planar graphs called Möbius stanchion systems which is related to questions about unicellular embeddings of planar graphs
Chaboud, Thomas. « Pavages et graphes de Cayley planaires ». Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENSL0004.
Texte intégralDieng, Youssou. « Décomposition arborescente des graphes planaires et routage compact ». Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13855/document.
Texte intégralIn a network, it is crucial to know how to construct an efficent routing scheme. It is fundamental for each entity with its local knowledge of the network, to be able to decide on which link to forward messages. Thus, it is important to sutdy the underlying network topology in order to design routing schemes. In the first part of this thesis, we construct a new tree-decomposition for planar graphs. In fact, as in many graph problems, the study of the graph structure leads to do a tree-decomposition for exploiting structural propertys of the graphs. In second part, we studied the structure of H-minor free graphs, in particular whenever H = K_{2,r}. Our results improve upon previous known bounds about the tree-width of K_{2,r}-minor free graphs. At last, we treat the problème of compact routing scheme. More precisely, we are interested in shortest-path routing schemes that use O(\log n) bits for addresses, headers and routing tables, where n is the number of vertices in the graph. We propose such a routing scheme for a large family of weighted graphs including outerplanar graphs
Gonçalves, Daniel. « Etudes de différents problèmes de partition de graphes ». Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13256.
Texte intégralFusy, Eric. « Combinatoire des cartes planaires et applications algorithmiques ». Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPXX0034.
Texte intégralEsperet, Louis. « Distance-two colorings of graphs ». Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13591.
Texte intégralRenault, David. « Etude des graphes planaires cofinis selon leurs groupes de symétries ». Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12922.
Texte intégralDervieux, Clément. « Énumération de cartes planaires orientées ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC056/document.
Texte intégralAfter a general presentation of planar maps, we define corner polyhedra, studied by Eppstein and Mumford. We soon introduce corner triangulations, that are dual maps of the skeletons of corner polyhedra, and we give some properties of them.We offer a linear time algorithm to realize corner polyhedra. For that, the study of corner triangulations leads to enumeration problems. A classic method, known from Tutte, gives the wanted result, making the series of Catalan numbers appearing. The research for a combinatorial explanation of the presence of Catalan numbers induces the use of other methods, based on cuttings and gluings of some parts of corner triangulations. Thus appears the family of almond triangulations, that is a new representation of Catalan numbers, in bijection with the binary trees family, and that completes our corner polyhedra realization algorithm. We eventually give a conclusion to these works, trying to generalize our methods to maps whose faces have an any fixed degree
Roussel, Nicolas. « Circular coloring and acyclic choosability of graphs ». Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13889/document.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we study the circular coloring of planar graphs. Upper bounds have been given for graphs with bounded maximum degree, with bounded girth, that is the length of its smallest cycle, with missing cycles, and so on. It has also been studied for graphs with bounded maximum average degree. Here we give new upper bounds for that latter case. We also study the total coloring and ($d,1$)-total labeling of a few infinite families of graphs and describe the new concept of circular ($d,1$)-total labeling of graphs. In the last part, we will discuss conditions for a planar graph to be acyclically $4$-choosable
Courtat, Thomas. « Promenade dans les cartes de villes, phénoménologie mathématique et physique des villes : une approche géométrique ». Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077160.
Texte intégralWe are interested in the phenomenology of cities by restricting them to the geometry of their street network. This study aims at being synthetic, functional and interdisciplinary. It follows the large work that has been performed from the early XXth century by town-planners, social scientists, geographers, statisticians, physicists. We try to demonstrate that the street - as a coherent alignment of street segments - can be considered as an essential elementary structure of the city. How much information is encoded in the street network ? To what extent does it constraint the city use ? How are the current urban layout and its evolution determined jointly by traffic axis and structuring elements ? We present a mathematical and computational framework allowing to consider the map of a city as a geometric continuum associated to the topology of a planar graph. To this graph we juxtapose a hypergraph structure using the street geometry to obtain easily the notion of axis and a multi-scale representation of the city. In spite of an apparent shape diversity, we show that the street network of a city is subjected to general laws that leave hallmarks on a city map. We propose several morphogenesis models of the city, implementing the idea that the city's growth follows a strucured extension / division of space logic and able to reproduce hallmarks observed on actual maps. The understanding of regulation mechanism of the city allows us to propose functional algorithms whose computational efficiencies are very interesting. We present an algorithm recovering steets from a collection of street segments ; the notion of simplest centrality whose calculus on a map allows a hierarchical analysis of it, revealing for instance main trafic axis and ill-deserved area ; a fast approximative algorithm to find the shortest path between two random points ; and a Spectral Clustering based algorithm to produce morphological segmentations of maps. We also work on the identification of random tessellation models to be subtituted to an actual road network and to solve large optimization problems using statistical equivalence
Rossetti, Bastien. « Sur la détermination des fractions rationnelles postcritiquement finies par des graphes planaires finis ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30156/document.
Texte intégralWe think of a way to determine a postcritically finite rational map up to Möbius conjugacy, using planar finite graphs fitted with the dynamics of themap. Givensuch a rational map f, we define a set G(f)of equivalence classes of admissible graphs (invariant, connected planar finite graphs containing the postcritical set). We show that if G(f) is non-empty, then f and g are Möbius conjugate if and only if G(f)nG(g) unequal Ø. This leads us to think about the construction of admissible graphs for a postcritically finite rational map. We show that a non-empty intersection between the boundaries of two periodic Fatou components contains at least one periodic point. We construct admissible graphs for some elements of the family of quadratic rational maps whose one of the two critical points is the image of the other, with technics usable in a lot of other families
Moreau, Jean-Michel. « Hiérarchisation et facétisation de la représentation par segments d'un graphe planaire dans le cadre d'une arithmetique mixte ». Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/83/15/81/PDF/1990_Moreau_Jean_Michel.pdf.
Texte intégralBedu, Mélanie. « Développement de guides d'ondes planaires de TiO2 optiquement actifs pour biopuces à ondes évanescentes ». Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462382.
Texte intégralSilva, Ana. « Le nombre b-chromatique de quelques classes de graphes généralisant les arbres ». Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENM078.
Texte intégralUne coloration des sommets de G s'appelle une b-coloration si chaque classe de couleur contient au moins un sommet qui a un voisin dans toutes les autres classes de couleur. Le nombre b-chromatique b(G) de G est le plus grand entier k pour lequel G a une b-coloration avec k couleurs. Ces notions ont été introduites par Irving et Manlove en 1999. Elles permettent d'évaluer les performances de certains algorithmes de coloration. Irving et Manlove ont montré que le calcul du nombre b-chromatique d'un graphe est un problème NP-difficile et qu'il peut être résolu en temps polynomial pour les arbres. Une question qui se pose naturellement est donc d'enquêter sur les graphes qui ont une structure proche des arbres : cactus, graphes triangulés, graphes série-parallèles, "block" graphes, etc. Dans cette thèse, nous généralisons le résultat d'Irving et Manlove pour les cactus dont le "m-degré" est au moins 7 et pour les graphes planaires extérieurs dont la maille est au moins 8. (Le m-degré m(G) est le plus grand entier d tel que G a au moins d sommets de degré au moins d −1. ) Nous démontrons un résultat semblable pour le produit cartésien d'un arbre par une chaîne, un cycle ou une étoile. Pour ce qui concerne les graphes dont les blocs sont des cliques, nous montrons que le problème avec un nombre de couleurs fixé peut être résolu en temps polynomial et nous présentons des cas où le problème de décision peut être résolu. Toutefois, nous avons constaté que la différence m(G)−b(G) peut être arbitrairement grande pour les graphes blocs, ce qui montre qu'avoir une structure arborescence n'est pas suffisant pour que le graphe satisfasse b(G)>= m(G) − 1
Beaudou, Laurent. « Autour de problèmes de plongements de graphes ». Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00401226.
Texte intégralBeaudou, Laurent. « Autour de problèmes de plongements de graphes ». Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10089.
Texte intégralThis Ph. D. Manuscript is built around the notion of graph embedding. An embedding of a graph G is an application mapping the vertices of G to elements of another structure, and preserving some properties of G. There are two types of embeddings. The combinatorial embeddings map the vertices of a graph G to the vertices of a graph H. The usual property that is preserved is the adjacency between vertices. In this thesis, we consider the isometric embeddings, preserving in addition the distances between vertices. We give some structural characterizations for families of graphs isometrically embeddable in hypercubes or Hamming graphs. The topological embeddings aim at drawing a graph G on some surface. Vertices are mapped to distinct points of the surface and the edges are represented by continuous curves linking these points. Is it possible to draw a graph G so that the edges do not cross eachother ? If not, what is the minimum number of crossings of a drawing of G ? We deal with these questions on different surfaces, or in relation with some graph operations as direct product or zip product
Pennarun, Claire. « Planar graphs : non-aligned drawings, power domination and enumeration of Eulerian orientations ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0609/document.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we present results on three different problems concerning planar graphs.We first give some new results on planar non-aligned drawings, i.e. planar grid drawings where vertices are all on different rows and columns.We show that not every planar graph has a non-aligned drawing on an $n times n$-grid, but we present two algorithms generating a non-aligned polyline drawings on such a grid requiring either $n-3$ or $min(frac{2n-3}{5},$ $#{text{separating triangles}}+1)$ bends in total.Concerning non-minimal grids, we give two algorithms drawing a planar non-aligned drawing on grids with area of order $n^4$. We also give specific results for 4-connected graphs and nested-triangle graphs.The second topic is power domination in planar graphs. We present a family of graphs with power dominating number $gamma_P$ at least $frac{n}{6}$. We then prove that for every maximal planar graph $G$ of order $n$, $gamma_P(G) leq frac{n-2}{4}$, and we give a constructive algorithm.We also prove that for triangular grids $T_k$ of dimension $k$ with hexagonal-shape border, $frac{k}{3} - frac{1}{6} leq gamma_P(T_k) leq lceil frac{k}{3} rceil$.Finally, we focus on the enumeration of planar Eulerian orientations. After proposing a new decomposition for these maps, we define subsets and supersets of planar Eulerian orientations with parameter $k$, generated by looking at the orientations of the last $2k-1$ edges around the root vertex.For each set, we give a system of functional equations defining its generating function, and we prove that it is always algebraic.This way, we show that the growth rate of planar Eulerian orientations is between 11.56 and 13.005
Bouttier, Jérémie. « Physique statistique des surfaces aléatoires et combinatoire bijective des cartes planaires ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010651.
Texte intégralGire, Sophie. « Arbres, permutations à motifs exclus et cartes planaires : quelques problèmes algorithmiques et combinatoires ». Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10534.
Texte intégralValicov, Petru. « Problèmes de placement, de coloration et d’identification ». Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14549/document.
Texte intégralIn this thesis we study three theoretical computer science problems, namely the orthogonal packing problem (OPP for short), strong edge-colouring and identifying codes.OPP consists in testing whether a set of rectangular items can be packed in a rectangular container without overlapping and without exceeding the borders of this container. An additional constraint is that the rotation of the items is not allowed. The problem is NP-hard even when the problem is reduced to packing squares in a square. We propose an exact algorithm for solving OPP efficiently using the characterization of the problem by interval graphs proposed by Fekete and Schepers. For this purpose we use some compact representation of interval graphs - MPQ-trees. We show experimental results of our approach by comparing them to the results of other algorithms known in the literature. we observe promising gains.The study of strong edge-colouring and identifying codes is focused on the structural and computational aspects of these combinatorial problems. In the case of strong edge-colouring we are interested in the families of planar graphs and subcubic graphs. We show optimal upper bounds for the strong chromatic index of subcubic graphs as a function of the maximum average degree. We also show that every planar subcubic graph without induced cycles of length 4 and 5 can be strong edge-coloured with at most nine colours. Finally, we confirm the difficulty of the problem by showing that it remains NP-complete even in some restricted classes of planar subcubic graphs.For the subject of identifying codes we propose a characterization of non-trivial graphs having maximum identifying code number ID, that is n-1, where n is the number of vertices. We study the case of line graphs and prove lower and upper bounds for ID parameter in this class. At last we investigate the complexity of the corresponding decision problem and show the existence of a linear algorithm for computing ID of the line graph L(G) where G has the size of the tree-width bounded by a constant. On the other hand, we show that the identifying code problem is NP-complete in various subclasses of planar graphs
Dai, Tianjiao. « Some vertex colouring problems and a generalisation of Hamilton-connectivity in graphs ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG067.
Texte intégralThe decomposition of graphs refers to the process of breaking down a complex graph into simpler, smaller components, often with the goal of analysing or solving problems related to the graph. It is an important tool to display the global structure and properties in a more fine-grained manner, and also useful in solving problems that involve finding specific structures in a graph. There are several common types of graph decomposition techniques that are widely used in graph theory and related fields, including tree decomposition, block decomposition, modular decomposition, hierarchical decomposition, etc. This thesis studies two kinds of vertex decomposition of a graph: proper colourings (decomposition into independent sets) and Hamilton-connectivity (decomposition into internally-disjoint paths between two sets where the paths cover all the vertices of graphs)
Marcus, Michel. « Cartes, hypercartes et diagrammes de cordes ». Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10509.
Texte intégralNaves, Guyslain. « Routages optimaux : tours, flots et chemins ». Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465585.
Texte intégralHocquard, Hervé. « Colorations de graphes sous contraintes ». Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987686.
Texte intégralChen, Linxiao. « Cartes planaires aléatoires couplées aux systèmes de spins ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS096/document.
Texte intégralThe aim of this thesis is to improve our understanding of random planar maps decorated by statistical physics models. We examine three particular models using tools coming from analysis, combinatorics and probability. From a geometric perspective, we focus on the interface properties and the local limits of the decorated random maps. The first model defines a family of random quadrangulations of the disk decorated by an O(n)-loop model. After completing the proof of its phase diagram initiated in [BBG12c] (Chap. II), we look into the lengths and the nesting structure of the loops in the non-generic critical phase (Chap. III). We show that these statistics, described as a labeled tree, converge in distribution to an explicit multiplicative cascade when the perimeter of the disk tends to infinity. The second model (Chap. IV) consists of random planar maps decorated by the Fortuin-Kasteleyn percolation. We complete the proof of its local convergence sketched in [She16b] and establish a number of properties of the limit. The third model (Chap. V) is that of random triangulations of the disk decorated by the Ising model. It is closely related to the O(n)-decorated quadrangulation when n=1. We compute explicitly the partition function of the model with Dobrushin boundary conditions at its critical point, in a form ameneable to asymptotics. Using these asymptotics, we study the peeling process along the Ising interface in the limit where the perimeter of the disk tends to infinity.Key words. Random planar map, O(n) loop model, Fortuin-Kasteleyn percolation, Ising model, local limit, interface geometry
Mazoit, Frédéric. « Décomposition algorithmique des graphes ». Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00148807.
Texte intégralLehéricy, Thomas. « Cycles séparants, isopérimétrie et modifications de distances dans les grandes cartes planaires aléatoires ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS476/document.
Texte intégralPlanar maps are planar graphs drawn on the sphere and seen up to deformation. Many properties of maps are conjectured to be universal, in the sense that they do not depend on the details of the model.We begin by establishing an isoperimetric inequality in the infinite quadrangulation of the plane. We also confirm a conjecture by Krikun concerning the length of the shortest cycles separating the ball of radius $r$ from infinity. We then consider the effect of modifications of distances on the large-scale geometry of uniform quadrangulations, extending the universality class of the Brownian map. We also show that the Tutte bijection, between quadrangulations and planar maps, is asymptotically an isometry. Finally, we establish an upper bound on the mixing time of the random walk in random maps
Pierron, Théo. « Induction Schemes : From Language Separation to Graph Colorings ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0119/document.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we present results obtained in two fields: formal language theory and graph theory. In formal language theory, we consider some problems of characterization of classes of regular languages. The generic problem consists in determining whether a given regular language can be defined in a fixed formalism. The current approaches use a more general problem called separation. We present here two types of contributions: a generalization of a decidability result to the setting of infinite words, together with lower bounds for the complexity of the separation problem. In graph theory, we consider the classical problem of graph coloring, where we assign colors to vertices of a graph in such a way that two adjacent vertices receive different colors. The goal is to use the fewest colors. When the graphs are sparse, a crucial tool for this is the discharging method. It is most notably decisive in the proof of the Four-Color Theorem. This method can be seen as an unconventional construction of an inductive proof scheme, specific to the considered problem and graph class, where arguing the validity of the scheme is rarely immediate. We use variants of the discharging method to study two types of coloring problems
Castelli, Aleardi Luca. « Représentations compactes de structures de données géométriques ». Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00336188.
Texte intégralBonichon, Nicolas. « Aspects algorithmiques et combinatoires des réaliseurs des graphes plans maximaux ». Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338407.
Texte intégralDans ce document nous proposons dans un premier temps une extension du théorème de Wagner aux réaliseurs, qui nous permet d'établir une relation entre le nombre de feuilles et le nombre de faces tricolores d'un réaliseur.
Ensuite, à l'aide d'une bijection entre les réaliseurs et les paires de chemins de Dyck qui ne se coupent pas, nous énumérons les réaliseurs. Un algorithme de génération aléatoire de $p$ chemins de Dyck ne se coupant pas, est également présenté. Il permet en outre de générer aléatoirement des réaliseurs en temps linéaire.
Puis nous montrons que grâce aux réaliseurs, il est possible de dessiner, à l'aide de lignes brisées des graphes planaires sur des grilles de largeur et de surface optimales.
Enfin, nous proposons une généralisation des réaliseurs minimaux aux graphes planaires connexes : les arbres recouvrants bien-ordonnés. Grâce à cette généralisation ainsi qu'à une méthode de triangulation adaptée nous proposons un algorithme de codage des graphes planaires à $n$ sommets en $5,007n$ bits.
Courtiel, Julien. « Combinatoire du polynôme de Tutte et des cartes planaires ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0083/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis deals with the Tutte polynomial, studied from different points of view. In the first part, we address the enumeration of planar maps equipped with a spanning forest, here called forested maps, with a weight z per face and a weight u per non-root component of the forest. Equivalently, we count (with respect to the number of faces) the planar maps C weighted by TC(u + 1; 1), where TC is the Tutte polynomial of C.We begin by a purely combinatorial characterization of the corresponding generating function, denoted by F(z; u). We deduce from this that F(z; u) is differentially algebraic in z, that is, satisfies a polynomial differential equation in z. Finally, for u ≥ -1, we study the asymptotic behaviour of the nth coefficient of F(z; u).We observe a phase transition at 0, with a very unusual regime in n-3 ln-2(n) for u ϵ [-1; 0[, which testifiesa new universality class for planar maps. In the second part, we propose a framework unifying the notions of activity used in the literature to describe the Tutte polynomial. The new notion of activity thereby defined is called Δ-activity. It gathers all the notions of activities that were already known and has nice properties, as Crapo’s property that defines a partition of the lattice of the spanning subgraphs into intervals with respect to the activity. Lastly we conjecture that every activity that describes the Tutte polynomial and that satisfies Crapo’s property can be defined in terms of Δ-activity
Dross, François. « Vertex partition of sparse graphs ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS011/document.
Texte intégralThe study of vertex partitions of planar graphs was initiated by the Four Colour Theorem, which was conjectured in 1852, and proven in 1976. According to that theorem, one can colour the regions of any planar map by using only four colours, in such a way that any two regions sharing a border have distinct colours. In terms of graph theory, it can be reformulated this way: the vertex set of every planar graph, i.e. every graph that can be represented in the plane such that edges do not cross, can be partitioned into four sets such that no edge has its two endpoints in the same set. Such a partition is called a proper colouring of the graph.In this thesis, we look into the structure of sparse graphs, according to several notions of sparsity. On the one hand, we consider planar graphs with no small cycles, and on the other hand, we consider the graphs where every subgraph has bounded average degree.For these classes of graphs, we first look for the smallest number of vertices that can be removed such that the remaining graph is a forest, that is a graph with no cycles. That can be seen as a partition of the vertices of the graph into a set inducing a forest and a set with a bounded fraction of the vertices of the graph. The main motivation for this study is a the Albertson and Berman Conjecture (1976), which states that every planar graph admits an induced forest containing at least one half of its vertices.We also look into vertex partition of sparse graphs into two sets both inducing a subgraph with some specific prescribed properties. Exemples of such properties can be that they have no edges, or no cycles, that they have bounded degree, or that they have bounded components. These vertex partitions generalise the notion of proper colouring. We show, for different classes of sparse graphs, that every graph in those classes have some specific vertex partition. We also look into algorithmic aspects of these partitions
Stephenson, Robin. « Divers aspects des arbres aléatoires : des arbres de fragmentation aux cartes planaires infinies ». Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090024/document.
Texte intégralWe study three problems related to discrete and continuous random trees. First, we do a general study of self-similar fragmentation trees, extending some results established by Haas and Miermont in 2006, in particular by computing the Hausdorff dimension of these trees under some Malthusian hypotheses. We then work on a particular sequence of k-ary growing trees, defined recursively with a similar method to Rémy’s algorithm from 1985. We show that the size of the tree obtained at the n-th step if of order n^(1/k), and, after renormalization, we prove that the sequence convergences to a fragmentation tree. We also study embeddings of the limiting trees as k varies. In the last chapter, we show the local convergence in distribution of critical multi-type Galton-Watson trees conditioned to have a large number of vertices of a fixed type. We then apply this result to the world of random planar maps, obtaining that large critical Boltzmann-distributed maps converge locally in distribution to an infinite planar map
Chen, Min. « Vertex coloring of graphs via the discharging method ». Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14090/document.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we are interested in various vertex coloring and homomorphism problems of graphs with special emphasis on planar graphs and sparsegraphs. We consider proper vertex coloring, acyclic coloring, star coloring, forestcoloring, fractional coloring and the list version of most of these concepts.In Chapter 2, we consider the problem of finding sufficient conditions for a planargraph to be 3-choosable. These conditions are expressed in terms of forbiddensubgraphs and our results extend several known results.The notion of acyclic list coloring of planar graphs was introduced by Borodin,Fon-Der Flaass, Kostochka, Raspaud, and Sopena. They conjectured that everyplanar graph is acyclically 5-choosable. In Chapter 3, we obtain some sufficientconditions for planar graphs to be acyclically k-choosable with k 2 f3; 4; 5g.In Chapter 4, we prove that every subcubic graph is 6-star-colorable. On theother hand, Fertin, Raspaud and Reed showed that the Wagner graph cannot be5-star-colorable. This fact implies that our result is best possible. Moreover, weobtain new upper bounds on star choosability of planar subcubic graphs with givengirth.A k-forest-coloring of a graph G is a mapping ¼ from V (G) to the set f1; ¢ ¢ ¢ ; kgsuch that each color class induces a forest. The vertex-arboricity of G is the smallestinteger k such that G has a k-forest-coloring. In Chapter 5, we prove a conjecture ofRaspaud and Wang asserting that every planar graph without intersecting triangleshas vertex-arboricity at most 2.Finally, in Chapter 6, we focus on the homomorphism problems of sparse graphsto the Petersen graph. More precisely, we prove that every triangle-free graph withmaximum average degree less than 5=2 admits a homomorphism to the Petersengraph. Moreover, we show that the bound on the maximum average degree in ourresult is best possible
Budzinski, Thomas. « Cartes aléatoires hyperboliques ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS426/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis falls into the theory of random planar maps, which has been active in the last fifteen years, and more precisely into the study of hyperbolic models.We are first interested in a model of dynamical random triangulations based on edge-flips, where we prove a lower bound on the mixing time.In the rest of this thesis, the main objects that we study are the random hyperbolic triangulations called PSHT. These are hyperbolic variants of the Uniform Infinite Planar Triangulation (UIPT), and were introduced by Nicolas Curien in 2014. We first establish a near-critical scaling limit result: if we let the hyperbolicity parameter go to its critical value at the same time as the distances are renormalized, the PSHT converge to a random metric space that we call the hyperbolic Brownian plane. We also study precise metric properties of the PSHT and of the hyperbolic Brownian plane, such as the structure of their infinite geodesics. We obtain as well new properties of the Poisson boundary of the PSHT.Finally, we are interested in another natural model of hyperbolic random maps: supercritical causal maps, which are obtained from supercritical Galton--Watson trees by adding edges between vertices at the same height. We establish metric hyperbolicity results about these maps, as well as properties of the simple random walk (including a positive speed result). Some of the properties we obtain are robust, and may be generalized to any planar map containing a supercritical Galton--Watson tree
Lagesse, Claire. « Lire les lignes de la ville : méthodologie de caractérisation des graphes spatiaux ». Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC162.
Texte intégralCities arise from a large set of interactions and components. Amid this diversity, we chose an object which orchestrates the development and use of an urban area : the road network. From its representation with a graph we can build a geographical object called the way, which is multi-scale, making its analysis robust against zoning. We evaluate several indicators, and identify those that give the most relevant and non-redundant information. The way, appears to have unique spatial properties, revealing parallels between global and local analyses. With this methodology, we demonstrate how different road graphs, from various places in the world, show similar properties, and how some of those properties are also present in other networks (biological, hydrographical, etc). After considering the static properties of networks, we analyze how global characterization evolves through time. We define a model of temporal differentiation, where the change in accessibility of each object is highlighted. It is thus possible to have a first estimation of the growth kinematic of the road networks studied. This work culminates with the integration of the way and its associated indicators into a qualitative approach. We show how such analysis, based on the topological and topographical properties of their road networks, allows us to trace back some aspects of the historical and geographical contexts of city formation. Multidisciplinary discussions are synthesized to reveal research applications and future work
Jacques, Isabelle. « Aspects combinatoires en modélisation 2D et 3D et application à l'énumération des cartes et des solides ». Mulhouse, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MULH0185.
Texte intégralSamuel, Emilie. « Recherche de motifs dans des images : apport des graphes plans ». Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719187.
Texte intégralValicov, Petru. « Problèmes de placement, de coloration et d'identification ». Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801982.
Texte intégralRadak, Jovan. « Algorithms for Realistic Wireless Sensor Networks ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10079/document.
Texte intégralWireless sensor networks can be defined as networks of small spatially distributed devices, called sensor nodes, which are working cooperatively - exchanging messages wirelessly - on the same application. Today these kinds of networks are widely used in environmental monitoring, industrial and consumer applications and for military purposes. In this thesis we are tackling different areas of research in wireless sensor networks: topology control, mobility, neighborhood discovery and large scale experimentation. We are using relative neighborhood graph reduction along with power supply data obtained from the sensor node to develop topology control algorithm. This algorithm maintains connectivity of the network in critical situations when some of the sensors drain their batteries. Neighborhood discovery parameters are used to deduce relative mobility of the sensor nodes. Then these parameters are adapted with transmission range to obtain energy efficient neighborhood discovery algorithm. Large scale experimentation sites are valuable tool for developing and testing of algorithms for wireless sensor networks but they also have various deficiencies, the biggest of them is cost. We present emulation of large scale networks as a solution. It uses small networks with the specific placement of the sensor nodes which allows replicating thus emulating behavior of the large scale networks. Algorithms are tested and evaluated on the WSNet simulator and practically using the SensLab platform and WSN430 sensor nodes
Xu, Renyu. « Quelques problèmes de coloration du graphe ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS104/document.
Texte intégralA k-total-coloring of a graph G is a coloring of V(G)cup E(G) using (1,2,…,k) colors such that no two adjacent or incident elements receive the same color.The total chromatic number chi''(G) is the smallest integer k such that G has a k-total-coloring. In chapter 2, we study total coloring of planar graphs and obtain three results: (1) Let G be a planar graph with maximum degree Deltageq8. If every two chordal 6-cycles are not adjacent in G, then chi''(G)=Delta+1. (2) Let G be a planar graph G with maximum degree Deltageq8. If any 7-cycle of G contains at most two chords, then chi''(G)=Delta+1. (3) Let G be a planar graph without intersecting chordal 5-cycles, that is, every vertex is incident with at most one chordal 5-cycle. If Deltageq7, then chi''(G)=Delta+1.A mapping L is said to be an assignment for a graph G if it assigns a list L(x) of colors to each xin V(G)cup E(G). If it is possible to color G so that every vertex gets a color from its list and no two adjacent vertices receive the same color, then we say that G is L-colorable. A graph G is k-choosable if G is an L-colorable for any assignment L for G satisfying |L(x)|geq k for every vertex xin V(G)cup E(G). We prove that if every 5-cycle of G is not simultaneously adjacent to 3-cycles and 4-cycles, then G is 4-choosable. In chapter 3, if every 5-cycles of G is not adjacent to 4-cycles, we prove that chi'_l(G)=Delta, chi''_l(G)=Delta+1 if Delta(G)geq8, and chi'_l(G)leqDelta+1, chi''_l(G)leqDelta+2 if Delta(G)geq6.In chapter 4, we will give the definition of neighbor sum distinguishing total coloring. Let f(v) denote the sum of the colors of a vertex v and the colors of all incident edges of v. A total k-neighbor sum distinguishing-coloring of G is a total k-coloring of G such that for each edge uvin E(G), f(u)eq f(v). The smallestnumber k is called the neighbor sum distinguishing total chromatic number, denoted by chi''_{sum} (G). Pilsniak and Wozniak conjectured that for any graph G with maximum degree Delta(G) holds that chi''_{sum} (G)leqDelta(G)+3. We prove for a graph G with maximum degree Delta(G) which can be embedded in a surface Sigma of Euler characteristic chi(Sigma)geq0, then chi_{sum}^{''}(G)leq max{Delta(G)+2, 16}.Lastly, we study the linear L-choosable arboricity of graph. A linear forest is a graph in which each component is a path. The linear arboricity la(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of linear forests in G, whose union is the set of all edges of G. A list assignment L to the edges of G is the assignment of a set L(e)subseteq N of colors to every edge e of G, where N is the set of positive integers. If G has a coloring varphi (e) such that varphi (e)in L(e) for every edge e and (V(G),varphi^{-1}(i)) is a linear forest for any iin C_{varphi}, where C_{varphi }=left { varphi (e)|ein E(G)ight }, then we say that G is linear L-colorable and varphi is a linear L-coloring of G. We say that G is linear k-choosable if it is linear L-colorable for every list assignment L satisfying |L(e)| geq k for all edges e. The list linear arboricity la_{list}(G) of a graph G is the minimum number k for which G is linear k-list colorable. It is obvious that la(G)leq la_{list}(G). In chapter 5, we prove that if G is a planar graph such that every 7-cycle of G contains at most two chords, then G is linear left lceil frac{Delta+1}{2}ightceil-choosable if Delta(G)geq6, and G is linear left lceil frac{Delta}{2}ightceil-choosable if Delta(G)geq 11
Pakovitch, Fedor. « Combinatoire des arbres planaires et arithmétiques des courbes hyperelliptiques ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10073.
Texte intégralCurien, Nicolas. « Etude asymptotique de grands objets combinatoires aléatoires ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607721.
Texte intégralZhou, Hang. « Graph algorithms : network inference and planar graph optimization ». Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0016/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis focuses on two topics of graph algorithms. The first topic is network inference. How efficiently can we find an unknown graph using shortest path queries between its vertices? We assume that the graph has bounded degree. In the reconstruction problem, the goal is to find the graph; and in the verification problem, the goal is to check whether a given graph is correct. We provide randomized algorithms based on a Voronoi cell decomposition. Next, we analyze greedy algorithms, and show that they are near-optimal. We also study the problems on special graph classes, prove lower bounds, and study the approximate reconstruction. The second topic is optimization in planar graphs. We study two problems. In the correlation clustering problem, the input is a weighted graph, where every edge has a label of h+i or h−i, indicating whether its endpoints are in the same category or in different categories. The goal is to find a partition of the vertices into categories that tries to respect the labels. In the two-edge-connected augmentation problem, the input is a weighted graph and a subset R of edges. The goal is to produce a minimum-weight subset S of edges, such that for every edge in R, its endpoints are two-edge-connected in the union of R and S. For planar graphs, we reduce correlation clustering to two-edge-connected augmentation, and show that both problems, although they are NP-hard, have a polynomial-time approximation scheme. We build on the brick decomposition technique developed recently
Linhares, Sales Cláudia. « Graphes parfais et paires d'amis ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345386.
Texte intégralMoreau, Jean Michel. « Hiérarchisation et facettisation de la représentation par segments d'un graphe planaire ». Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831581.
Texte intégralFredes, Carrasco Luis. « Some models on the interface of probability and combinatorics : particle systems and maps ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0142/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis consists in several works exploring some models belonging to two branches of probability theory: interacting particle systems and random planar maps. A first work concerns algebraic aspects of interacting particle systems invariant measures. We obtain some necessary and sufficient conditions for some continuous time particle systems with discrete local state space, to have a simple invariant measure. In a second work we investigate the effect on survival and coexistence of introducing forest fire epidemics to a certain two-species spatial competition model. Our main results show that, for the two-type model, there are explicit parameter regions where either one species dominates or there is coexistence; contrary to the same model without forest fires, for which the fittest species alwaysdominates. The third and fourth works are related to tree-decorated planar maps. In the third work we present a bijection between the set of tree-decorated maps and the Cartesian product between the set of trees and the set of maps with a simple boundary. We obtain some counting results and some tools to study random decorated map models. In the fourth work we prove that uniform tree-decorated triangulations and quadrangulations with f faces, boundary of length p and decorated by a tree of size a converge weakly for the local topology to different limits, depending on the finite or infinite behavior of f, p and a