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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Graphical languages »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 8 juin 2024

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1

CITRIN, WAYNE, MICHAEL DOHERTY, and BENJAMIN ZORN. "A Graphical Semantics for Graphical Transformation Languages." Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 8, no. 2 (1997): 147–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvlc.1996.0046.

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Stanova, Ekaterina. "Linguistic Diversity and Features of Language Policy in Moldova." Rhetoric and Communications, no. 50 (January 22, 2022): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55206/eksc1266.

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Abstract: The article is an attempts to present the linguistic diversity and features of language policy in Moldova. At the same time, it does not aim at comprehensiveness and completeness in the study, but it approbates a methodology for future research in a dissertation. The focus is on identifying differences in graphic systems and in the use of languages as a state policy in several regions: Moldova, Gagauzia, Taraclia and Predestrovia. The first hypothesis is that linguistic diversity is the result of political, social and cultural factors and that linguistic diversity is presented in Mol

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Costagliola, Gennaro, Mattia De Rosa, Vittorio Fuccella, and Stefano Perna. "Visual languages: A graphical review." Information Visualization 17, no. 4 (2017): 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871617714520.

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We present a graphical review of the research on visual languages in the last 20 years. In particular, we gathered and analyzed the data about a set of publications in the field from 1995 to 2014. Visual techniques employed include graph-based visualization such as collaboration, co-citation, and co-word networks. We also adopted geographical views, alluvial diagrams, and timelined charts. The produced charts allowed us to have a deeper knowledge on the field of visual languages and on the scientific community working on it.

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Sediqi, Mohammad Hashem, Naqibullah Safi, Shugofa Paiwastoon, and Sayed Naqibullah Hashimi. "Exploring Challenges Faced by Engineering Students in Graphic Preparations of Perspective Geometry." Journal of Mechanical, Civil and Industrial Engineering 5, no. 1 (2024): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jmcie.2024.5.1.5.

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Perspective geometry is a fundamental, challenging, and captivating subject within the engineering bachelor's degree program. It holds significant importance in developing graphic skills, analytical abilities, sketching proficiency, and comprehension of drawings. Moreover, it plays a crucial role in organizing the architectural components of a bachelor's thesis. However, the teaching and learning of perspective geometry often reveal various difficulties and shortcomings. Moreover, one of the various systems of symbols and languages created by global cultures is the graphical language, which is

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Ayer, Vidya M., Sheila Miguez, and Brian H. Toby. "Why scientists should learn to program in Python." Powder Diffraction 29, S2 (2014): S48—S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715614000931.

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The importance of software continues to grow for all areas of scientific research, no less for powder diffraction. Knowing how to program a computer is a basic and useful skill for scientists. This paper explains the three approaches for programming languages and why scripting languages are preferred for non-expert programmers. The Python-scripting language is extremely efficient for science and its use by scientists is growing. Python is also one of the easiest languages to learn. The language is introduced, as well as a few of the many add-on packages available that extend its capabilities,

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STEIN, DOMINIK, STEFAN HANENBERG, and RAINER UNLAND. "JOIN POINT DESIGNATION DIAGRAMS: A GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF JOIN POINT SELECTIONS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 16, no. 03 (2006): 317–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194006002811.

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The specification of join point selections (also known as "pointcuts") is a major design issue in Aspect-Oriented Software Development. Aspect-oriented systems generally provide specific language constructs (subsumed by the term "pointcut language") for specifying such a join point selection. Pointcut languages differ widely with respect to their syntax and semantics. Consequently, developers familiar with one specific language can hardly benefit from this knowledge when designing and implementing pointcuts in another language. This implies that developers working with different aspect-oriente

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Agarwal, Rakesh, and Giorgio Bruno. "Implementing inheritance in operational graphical languages." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 22, no. 4 (1997): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/263244.263256.

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Sharov, O. G., and A. N. Afanasiev. "Syntax error recovery in graphical languages." Programming and Computer Software 34, no. 1 (2008): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0361768808010052.

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Engelen, Luc, and Mark van den Brand. "Integrating Textual and Graphical Modelling Languages." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 253, no. 7 (2010): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2010.08.035.

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Christensen, J. H. "Graphical Programming Languages for Programmable Controllers." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 18, no. 13 (1985): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-033450-9.50016-6.

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Christensen, J. H. "Graphical programming languages for programmable controllers." Annual Review in Automatic Programming 13 (January 1985): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(85)90446-x.

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Ozsoyoglu, G., and H. Wang. "Example-based graphical database query languages." Computer 26, no. 5 (1993): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2.211893.

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Labrenz, Annika, Heike Wiese, Tatiana Pashkova, and Shanley Allen. "The three-dot sign in language contact." Pragmatics and Cognition 29, no. 2 (2022): 246–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.21021.lab.

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Abstract In this study, we investigate the three-dot sign as a discourse marker (DM) with textual, subjective and intersubjective discourse functions. As a graphical marker that is used across languages, the three-dot sign is especially suitable for comparative studies and dynamics in language contact. Our corpus study targeting instant messages of different languages (English, German, Greek, Russian, Turkish) and speaker groups (monolinguals and bilingual heritage speakers) suggests that graphical DMs are prone to cross-linguistic influence. This depends on the specific contact situation and

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Koppler, Rainer, Siegfried Grabner, and Jens Volkert. "Visualization of Distributed Data Structures for High Performance Fortran-Like Languages." Scientific Programming 6, no. 1 (1997): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/504101.

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This article motivates the usage of graphics and visualization for efficient utilization of High Performance Fortran's (HPF's) data distribution facilities. It proposes a graphical toolkit consisting of exploratory and estimation tools which allow the programmer to navigate through complex distributions and to obtain graphical ratings with respect to load distribution and communication. The toolkit has been implemented in a mapping design and visualization tool which is coupled with a compilation system for the HPF predecessor Vienna Fortran. Since this language covers a superset of HPF's faci

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Rougny, Adrien. "sbgntikz—a TikZ library to draw SBGN maps." Bioinformatics 35, no. 21 (2019): 4499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz287.

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Abstract Summary The systems biology graphical notation (SBGN) has emerged as the main standard to represent biological maps graphically. It comprises three complementary languages: Process Description, for detailed biomolecular processes; Activity Flow, for influences of biological activities and Entity Relationship, for independent relations shared among biological entities. On the other hand, TikZ is one of the most commonly used package to ‘program’ graphics within TEX/LATEX. Here, we present sbgntikz, a TikZ library that allows drawing and customizing SBGN maps directly into TEX/LATEX doc

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Angulo, Camilo. "Enhancing Sketching Practices with Non-Graphical Languages." International Journal of Design Education 14, no. 1 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-128x/cgp/v14i01/1-8.

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Catarci, Tiziana, Giuseppe Santucci, and Michele Angelaccio. "Fundamental graphical primitives for visual query languages." Information Systems 18, no. 2 (1993): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4379(93)90006-m.

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Achten, Peter, and Rinus Plasmeijer. "The ins and outs of Clean I/O." Journal of Functional Programming 5, no. 1 (1995): 81–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796800001258.

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AbstractFunctional programming languages have banned assignment because of its undesirable properties. The reward of this rigorous decision is that functional programming languages are side-effect free. There is another side to the coin: because assignment plays a crucial role in Input/Output (I/O), functional languages have a hard time dealing with I/O. Functional programming languages have therefore often been stigmatised as inferior to imperative programming languages because they cannot deal with I/O very well. In this paper, we show that I/O can be incorporated in a functional programming

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Du, Tian Yan, De An Zhao, and Li Huang. "An Implementation of Petri Net Based on Graphical Programming Language." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.327.

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This paper deals with an implementation method of component-based Petri nets system based on a graphical programming language (LabVIEW). LabVIEW is not only a graphical programming language, but also a virtual instrument platform which is widely used in virtual measurement and control system. The Places (token number) of Petri nets are represented by Numeric Controls of LabVIEW. The Transitions of Petri nets are represented by subVIs of LabVIEW. Transition subVI will change the tokens of Places by the Numeric Controls' Reference when it is fired. This method will make it ease to implement a Pe

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Ahmed, Ahmed A., Ayman E. Khedr, and Sherif A. Kholeif. "Adaptive Concept Map Approach for Software Requirements Validation." Future Computing and Informatics Journal 4, no. 1 (2019): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54623/fue.fcij.4.1.4.

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Requirements validation is one of the most significant and critical parts of the requirements engineering. This activity ensures that the set of requirements is accurate, right, complete, and consistent. Requirements validation is considered as the key activity because mistakes found in a software requirements document can lead to extensive rework costs when they are discovered either during development or after the system is in service. There are some commonly used bases to validate user requirements such as: Natural language, Design description languages, Graphical notations and Mathematical

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Schalles, Christian, John Creagh, and Michael Rebstock. "A Causal Model for Analyzing the Impact of Graphical Modeling Languages on Usability." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 24, no. 09 (2014): 1337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194014500417.

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Today, developing the conceptual design of information systems has become inconceivable without the support of graphical models. Models are developed using graph-based modeling languages such as UML. This study focuses on the impact of metamodel properties on different usability attributes in the domain of graphical modeling languages. The study is based on a model of hypotheses including a structural causal model developed under consideration of cognitive theories and usability theory. Survey data is collected and the causal hypotheses are assessed using a structure equation modeling approach

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Johnsson, Charlotta. "Graphical Languages for Business Processes and Manufacturing Operations." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 41, no. 2 (2008): 13863–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-kr-1001.02347.

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Ferrucci, F., G. Pacini, G. Satta, et al. "Symbol–Relation Grammars: A Formalism for Graphical Languages." Information and Computation 131, no. 1 (1996): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/inco.1996.0090.

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Chen, Wenjie, Qiliang Yang, Shuo Zhao, Jianchun Xing, and Qizhen Zhou. "A Graphical Programming Language and Its Supporting Tool for Insect Intelligent Building." Scientific Programming 2020 (November 12, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9634389.

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The emerging Insect Intelligent Building (I2B) platform is pioneering a new realm in intelligent buildings. I2B has a distributed and decentralized network structure with intelligent nodes, and the key enabler is an application (APP) that functions to process information from intelligent nodes and accomplish complex control tasks in a decentralized network. To develop APPs for I2B, a proper programming language is the foremost goal; however, existing programming languages cannot be applied directly due to I2B's unique structure and distinction of application domains. This paper aims to provide

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Lim, Shin Huei, and Terry Halpin. "Automated Verbalization of ORM Models in Malay and Mandarin." International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design 7, no. 4 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijismd.2016100101.

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Fact-oriented modeling approaches such as Object-Role Modeling (ORM) include a rich graphical notation for capturing business constraints, allowing modelers to visualize fine details of their data models. These data models should be validated with domain experts who best understand the business requirements, even if unfamiliar with the graphical notation. Hence, the data models are best validated by verbalizing the models in a controlled natural language, and by populating the relevant fact types with examples. Comparatively little support exists for verbalizing fact-based models in non-Englis

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Sermeno, Jason. "Graphical Block Structured Programming: A Visual Programming Paradigm." Journal of Innovative Technology Convergence 1, no. 1 (2019): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.69478/jitc2019v1n1a06.

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This paper discusses the concept and design of a graphical block-structured programming paradigm that presents a model for constructing computer programs using a set of graphical objects that resembles the existing lexical instructions in a C language. The design of the paradigm was motivated by the results from studies investigating the previous designs and the acquisition of existing visual programming languages. Studies showed that most people are having trouble expressing the structures that they cannot write or verbally describe due to their limited grasp of natural language. The aim of t

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Wolter, Jan, and Uwe Kastens. "Generating 3D Visual Language Editors: Encapsulating Interaction Techniques in Visual Patterns." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 25, no. 02 (2015): 333–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194015400124.

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The implementation of three-dimensional visual languages requires a wide range of conceptual and technical knowledge on issues for 3D graphics and textual language processing. Our generator framework DEViL3D incorporates such knowledge and supports the design of visual 3D languages and their implementation from high-level specifications. Such 3D languages arise from different modeling domains that make use of three-dimensional representations, e.g. the "ball-and-stick" models of molecules. The front-end of a 3D language implementation is a dedicated 3D graphical structure editor, which offers

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Carette, Titouan, Emmanuel Jeandel, Simon Perdrix, and Renaud Vilmart. "Completeness of Graphical Languages for Mixed State Quantum Mechanics." ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing 2, no. 4 (2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3464693.

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There exist several graphical languages for quantum information processing, like quantum circuits, ZX-calculus, ZW-calculus, and so on. Each of these languages forms a †-symmetric monoidal category (†-SMC) and comes with an interpretation functor to the †-SMC of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. In recent years, one of the main achievements of the categorical approach to quantum mechanics has been to provide several equational theories for most of these graphical languages, making them complete for various fragments of pure quantum mechanics. We address the question of how to extend these lan

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HE, Xiao. "A Metamodel for the Notation of Graphical Modeling Languages." Journal of Software 19, no. 8 (2008): 1867–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1001.2008.01867.

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Ykhlef, Mourad, and Sarra Alqahtani. "A survey of graphical query languages for XML data." Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences 23, no. 2 (2011): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2011.05.002.

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Wittenburg, Kent, Louis Weitzman, and Jim Talley. "Unification-based grammars and tabular parsing for graphical languages." Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 2, no. 4 (1991): 347–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1045-926x(05)80004-7.

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Ranjan, Shashi, G. Anand, Manju Nanda, and S. Jyothi Lakshmi. "Design and Development of Flight Data Visualization Tool for Post Flight Analysis." ITM Web of Conferences 50 (2022): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20225002003.

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Data Analysis and Visualization play a significant role today. The data represented graphically are more attractive and easily understandable. The paper aims to describe the design and development cycle of a flight data visualization tool. This tool facilitates a graphical analysis of critical flight parameters, which aids in deciding the upcoming operation during the testing stage. Data has always been a constant element in every field of work. Data analysis has evolved from manual to computational methods in recent years and is widely used for pre and post-research purposes. To achieve high

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CHRISTOFFELS, INGRID K., ANNETTE M. B. DE GROOT, and LOURENS J. WALDORP. "Basic skills in a complex task: A graphical model relating memory and lexical retrieval to simultaneous interpreting." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 6, no. 3 (2003): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728903001135.

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Simultaneous interpreting (SI) is a complex skill, where language comprehension and production take place at the same time in two different languages. In this study we identified some of the basic cognitive skills involved in SI, focusing on the roles of memory and lexical retrieval. We administered a reading span task in two languages and a verbal digit span task in the native language to assess memory capacity, and a picture naming and a word translation task to tap the retrieval time of lexical items in two languages, and we related performance on these four tasks to interpreting skill in u

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Segerer, Guillaume. "The presentation of noun class systems of Niger-Congo languages." Language in Africa 3, no. 2 (2022): 8–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2022-3-2-8-36.

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The graphical presentation of Niger-Congo noun class systems shows considerable variation, which deserves a careful examination. The choices of presentation seem to depend on the mere fancy of authors: close languages may be presented in very different ways while different systems may be given very similar graphical choices. After consulting hundreds of descriptions of noun class languages of the Niger-Congo phylum, I could determine four major presentation types. This huge amount of information also allowed me to present new statistical data on the typology of the noun class systems of the ph

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Sorokin, Anatoly, Nicolas Le Novère, Augustin Luna, et al. "Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Entity Relationship language Level 1 Version 2." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 12, no. 2 (2015): 281–339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2015-264.

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Summary The Systems Biological Graphical Notation (SBGN) is an international community effort for standardized graphical representations of biological pathways and networks. The goal of SBGN is to provide unambiguous pathway and network maps for readers with different scientific backgrounds as well as to support efficient and accurate exchange of biological knowledge between different research communities, industry, and other players in systems biology. Three SBGN languages, Process Description (PD), Entity Relationship (ER) and Activity Flow (AF), allow for the representation of different asp

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Moodie, Stuart, Nicolas Le Novère, Emek Demir, Huaiyu Mi, and Alice Villéger. "Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Process Description language Level 1 Version 1.3." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 12, no. 2 (2015): 213–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2015-263.

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Summary The Systems Biological Graphical Notation (SBGN) is an international community effort for standardized graphical representations of biological pathways and networks. The goal of SBGN is to provide unambiguous pathway and network maps for readers with different scientific backgrounds as well as to support efficient and accurate exchange of biological knowledge between different research communities, industry, and other players in systems biology. Three SBGN languages, Process Description (PD), Entity Relationship (ER) and Activity Flow (AF), allow for the representation of different asp

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Claudio, Brian Meneses, Luis Nuñez Tapia, and Witman Alvarado Díaz. "Graphical Interface to Improve Python Language Teaching and Image Processing." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 12, no. 3 (2022): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0322_10.

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The increase in knowledge of programming languages is increasingly high due to current business and educational demands, in many cases it has been reflected that advanced knowledge of a programming language for careers in natural sciences and engineering have improved the possibility of getting a decent job with a good working environment. Many universities propose programming courses on a large scale and in a general way so that the student can investigate and deepen the topics, but when the course is carried out without any structure or interface with which the students present a great inter

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Dymchenko, Oleksii, Oleh Smysh, and Oleksandr Zhezherun. "Graphical Interface for the Recommendation System." NaUKMA Research Papers. Computer Science 4 (December 10, 2021): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-3808.2021.4.93-97.

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Today, mathematics plays a huge part of our everyday life. But due to the poor school education and lack of open access resources, many students find it difficult to be fully prepared for the independent external evaluation in mathematics, especially geometry. Although much has already been done to conduct higher knowledge results, lots of students still have gaps in understanding simple problem solving. Clearly, geometry requires a more fundamental and visual implementation to the studying process than algebra in order to increase the overall knowledge level of Ukrainian applicants for higher

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Mi, Huaiyu, Falk Schreiber, Stuart Moodie, et al. "Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Activity Flow language Level 1 Version 1.2." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 12, no. 2 (2015): 340–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2015-265.

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Summary The Systems Biological Graphical Notation (SBGN) is an international community effort for standardized graphical representations of biological pathways and networks. The goal of SBGN is to provide unambiguous pathway and network maps for readers with different scientific backgrounds as well as to support efficient and accurate exchange of biological knowledge between different research communities, industry, and other players in systems biology. Three SBGN languages, Process Description (PD), Entity Relationship (ER) and Activity Flow (AF), allow for the representation of different asp

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Zivkovic, Dragica, and Jasmina Jovanovic. "Comparison of morphemic word structure and a cartographic sign." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 91, no. 1 (2011): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1101159z.

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Language is a system of gestures, sounds, characters, symbols and words that are used to display concepts and communication. Map language is derived from natural language, rather than parallel to it, as its graphical equivalent. Natural and mapping language is based on a system of signs. In the natural language, the letters are the smallest units, and arranged meaningfully they constitute a sign - a word i.e. a concept. In a cartographic language one sign is one term. But common to both languages is the basis of character - morphemes and its accessories - affixes, which in the cartographic lan

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Sharov, O. G., and A. N. Afanas'ev. "Syntax-Directed Implementation of Visual Languages Based on Automaton Graphical Grammars." Programming and Computer Software 31, no. 6 (2005): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11086-005-0042-4.

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Alotaibi, Youseef. "Graphical business process modelling standards, techniques and languages: a literature review." International Journal of Business Information Systems 25, no. 1 (2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbis.2017.083275.

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Alotaibi, Youseef. "Graphical business process modelling standards, techniques and languages: a literature review." International Journal of Business Information Systems 25, no. 1 (2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbis.2017.10003904.

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Pineda, Luis, and Gabriela Garza. "A Model for Multimodal Reference Resolution." Computational Linguistics 26, no. 2 (2000): 139–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120100561665.

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An important aspect of the interpretation of multimodal messages is the ability to identify when the same object in the world is the referent of symbols in different modalities. To understand the caption of a picture, for instance, one needs to identify the graphical symbols that are referred to by names and pronouns in the natural language text. One way to think of this problem is in terms of the notion of anaphora; however, unlike linguistic anaphoric inference, in which antecedents for pronouns are selected from a linguistic context, in the interpretation of the textual part of multimodal m

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Kosar, Tomaz, Nuno Oliveira, Marjan Mernik, et al. "Comparing general-purpose and domain-specific languages: An empirical study." Computer Science and Information Systems 7, no. 2 (2010): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis1002247k.

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Many domain-specific languages, that try to bring feasible alternatives for existing solutions while simplifying programming work, have come up in recent years. Although, these little languages seem to be easy to use, there is an open issue whether they bring advantages in comparison to the application libraries, which are the most commonly used implementation approach. In this work, we present an experiment, which was carried out to compare such a domain-specific language with a comparable application library. The experiment was conducted with 36 programmers, who have answered a questionnaire

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Wei, Ran, Athanasios Zolotas, Horacio Hoyos Rodriguez, Simos Gerasimou, Dimitrios S. Kolovos, and Richard F. Paige. "Automatic generation of UML profile graphical editors for Papyrus." Software and Systems Modeling 19, no. 5 (2020): 1083–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10270-020-00813-6.

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Abstract UML profiles offer an intuitive way for developers to build domain-specific modelling languages by reusing and extending UML concepts. Eclipse Papyrus is a powerful open-source UML modelling tool which supports UML profiling. However, with power comes complexity, implementing non-trivial UML profiles and their supporting editors in Papyrus typically requires the developers to handcraft and maintain a number of interconnected models through a loosely guided, labour-intensive and error-prone process. We demonstrate how metamodel annotations and model transformation techniques can help m

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Fuchs, Norbert E., and David Robertson. "Declarative specifications." Knowledge Engineering Review 11, no. 4 (1996): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900008018.

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AbstractDeriving formal specifications from informal requirements is extremely difficult since one has to overcome the conceptual gap between an application domain and the domain of formal specification methods. To reduce this gap we introduce application-specific specification languages, i.e., graphical and textual notations that can be unambiguously mapped to formal specifications in a logic language. We describe a number of realised approaches based on this idea, and evaluate them with respect to their domain specificity vs. generality.

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Pavlicko, Peter, and Michael P. Peterson. "Large-scale Topographic Web Maps Using Scalable Vector Graphics." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 50 (March 1, 2005): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp50.416.

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With the advent of the Internet, particularly the World Wide Web, the use and demand for online maps has grown very rapidly. Large scale topographic maps from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) at a scale of 1:24,000 have been traditionally distributed in paper form. To make these maps available to a larger number of people, rasterized versions are now available from various sources. Instead of the common raster format presentation, the solution presented here is based on a vector approach using Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), a relatively new vector format describing vector graphics f

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Ismail, Nurul Izzaty, Wan Heng Fong, and Nor Haniza Sarmin. "Computation of splicing languages from DNA splicing system with one palindromic restriction enzyme." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14, no. 2 (2018): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n2.879.

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In DNA splicing system, the potential effects of sets of restriction enzymes and a ligase that allow DNA molecules to be cleaved and reassociated to produce further molecules are studied. A splicing language depicts the molecules resulting from a splicing system. In this research, a C++ programming code for DNA splicing system with one palindromic restriction enzyme for one and two (non-overlapping) cutting sites is developed. A graphical user interface, GUI is then designed to allow the user to insert the initial DNA string and restriction enzymes to generate the splicing languages which are

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Han, Yao Jun, and Xue Mei Luo. "Modeling and Analysis of Multilingual Information Parallel Downloads in Data Grid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 1424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.1424.

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The need arises in parallel downloads of multilingual information for powerful graphical and analytical tools, as information with a variety of different languages distributed in different Web pages and the databases are heterogeneous and uneven in data grid. Petri net is a powerful graphical and mathematics tool for describing the concurrent, asynchronous and dynamic events. The parallel downloading of multilingual information was modeled and analyzed using extended timed colored Petri net (ETSdCPN). In ETSdCPN model, the color represents different languages information, and the time duration

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