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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Graz in art »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 14 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Graz in art"

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Pfurtscheller, G., C. Neuper, G. R. Muller, B. Obermaier, G. Krausz, A. Schlogl, R. Scherer et al. « Graz-BCI : state of the art and clinical applications ». IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 11, no 2 (juin 2003) : 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2003.814454.

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Doberer, Sabine. « NS-Provenienzforschung an der Universitätsbibliothek der Kunstuniversität Graz ». Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare 68, no 1 (10 février 2019) : 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31263/voebm.v68i1.1006.

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Die Bibliothek der Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Graz (KUG) hat im April 2014 ein Projekt zum Thema NS-Provenienzforschung begonnen, es ist das erste Projekt dieser Art an der KUG. Das Projekt beschränkt sich auf die Sondersammlung, die einen Bestand von ca. 430 Büchern und ca. 1.080 Musikdrucken und Autographen aufweist. Einen Schwerpunkt bilden die Nachlässe von zumeist steirischen Komponisten und Komponistinnen. Da die Bestände erst nach 1960 erworben wurden und die Sondersammlung sich hauptsächlich aus Nachlässen, Schenkungen und aus Ankäufen aus Antiquariaten zusammensetzt, gestaltet sich die Provenienzrecherche als schwierig. Ohne distinktive Hinweise aufden Vorbesitzer oder die Vorbesitzerin in den einzelnen Exemplaren lässt sich deshalb die ursprüngliche Herkunft nicht eindeutig klären. Dabei gilt es auch zu bedenken, dass – vor allem bei Ankäufen aus Antiquariaten – die Bücher und Noten den Besitzer oder die Besitzerin mehrfach gewechselt haben können. Die Vorgabe des Projektes war es, den Bestand der Sondersammlung auf verdächtige Bücher und Noten zu überprüfen, geraubte Bestände zu identifizieren und an die rechtmäßigen EigentümerInnen oder deren Nachkommen zu restituieren...
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Виммер, Теодор, Мария-Бернадетт Турнер, Иши Дорау, Хаймо Фриш et Оливер Ратшулер. « High Quality Open Spaces in Urban Development — Selected Examples from Graz, Austria ». Городские исследования и практики 3, no 3 (3 mars 2020) : 69–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/usp33201869-98.

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Growing urbanization poses an enormous challenge to city planners. Noticeable effects of the increased population density in cities include housing shortages, rising real estate prices, increased traffic, air pollution, shortages of green spaces and attractive public spaces, the rising cost of urban infrastructure and the risk of social tensions. Especially in dense urban areas, public open spaces (squares and streets, urban parks and spacious recreational areas) have become increasing important. Their design, functionality and the adaption to the needs of the residents significantly influences the quality and atmosphere of urban coexistence. The consideration of quality criteria is essential for the creation of sustainable, livable and smart open spaces. Modern approaches to sustainable planning in urban areas and the versatile aspects of state-of-the-art open space design are the core themes of this article. General aspects of landscape planning in Austria and selected best practice projects in the context of urban development are presented.This article gives an overview of open space planning in Austria. To be successful, projects must consider the specific needs of city districts, which requires tailor-made approaches and an interdisciplinary planning team. To be accepted and adequately used by the public, projects must be based on a detailed analyses of the spatial, natural and social conditions.The complex and diverse challenges of open space planning in Austrian cities can be seen as representative for other cities, as certain urban trends occur (in slightly altered dimensions) all over Europe or on an even bigger scale. Selected best practice urban planning projects, which have been realized by freiland Environmental Consulting CE Ltd, based on state-of-the-art principles, demonstrate modern planning approaches to tackling these challenges.
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Bruckner-Haring, Christa. « The Development of the Austrian Jazz Scene and Its Identity 1960-1980 ». European Journal of Musicology 16, no 1 (31 décembre 2017) : 136–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5450/ejm.2017.16.5784.

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In Austria, a country steeped in music history and famous for composers such as Mozart, Haydn, and Bruckner, jazz was quick to earn a place in the cultural landscape. After World War II, important jazz scenes rapidly evolved in Vienna and Graz and, particularly from the 1960s onwards, grew into a strong and independent national jazz scene. Its musicians and ensembles focussed on developing their own characteristics and styles. This article examines primary aspects of the jazz scene during these formative years, such as the series of amateur jazz festivals held in the 1960s, Friedrich Gulda's commitment to jazz, Graz as a jazz centre and the institutionalisation of jazz at the Academy of Music in Graz in 1965, the role of the Austrian broadcasting network (ORF), and the impact of the Vienna Art Orchestra. In addition to archival records and musicological and journalistic texts, interviews conducted with members of different parts of the jazz scene offer important insights into the development of jazz during this period (with musicians, ensembles, educators and researchers, festival and venue organisers, agencies and policy makers, members of the media). This article offers an overview of pertinent aspects of the Austrian jazz scene between 1960 and 1980, revealing opinions about the influence of these aspects on the formation of Austrian jazz identity.
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Gamerith, V., D. Muschalla, P. Könemann et G. Gruber. « Pollution load modelling in sewer systems : an approach of combining long term online sensor data with multi-objective auto-calibration schemes ». Water Science and Technology 59, no 1 (1 janvier 2009) : 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.772.

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Pollutant load modelling for sewer systems is state-of-the-art, especially for the estimation of discharged pollutant loads and development of sewer management strategies. However, conventionally obtained calibration data sets are often not exhaustive and have significant drawbacks. In the Graz West catchment area (Graz, Austria), continuous high-resolution long-term online measurements for discharge and pollutant concentration have been carried out since 2002. In this paper, the application of single- and multi-objective auto-calibration schemes based on evolution strategies for a deterministic hydrological pollutant load model will be discussed. Three approaches for pollutant load modelling are examined and compared: using a constant storm weather concentration and two surface accumulation–wash-off approaches with basic respectively extended wash-off equations. It is shown that the applied auto-calibration method leads to very satisfying results for both the calibration and the validation data set, and also for the dry and the storm weather runoff. Results from multi-objective calibration show better robustness in validation events than single-objective calibration. The build-up wash-off approach using the basic wash-off equation gives the best correlations between measured data and simulation results.
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Muschalla, D., S. Schneider, K. Schröter, V. Gamerith et G. Gruber. « Sewer modelling based on highly distributed calibration data sets and multi-objective auto-calibration schemes ». Water Science and Technology 57, no 10 (1 mai 2008) : 1547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.305.

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Pollutant load modelling for sewer systems is state-of-the-art, especially for the estimation of discharged pollutant loads and development of sewer management strategies. However, conventionally obtained calibration data sets are often not exhaustive and have significant drawbacks. In the Graz West catchment area (Graz, Austria), continuous high-resolution long-term online measurements for discharge and pollutant concentration have been carried out since 2002. In this paper, the application of single- and multi-objective auto-calibration schemes based on evolution strategies for a deterministic hydrological pollutant load model will be discussed. Three approaches for pollutant load modelling are examined and compared: using a constant storm weather concentration and two build-up wash-off approaches with basic respectively extended wash-off equations. It is shown that the applied auto-calibration method leads to very satisfying results for both the calibration and the validation data set, and also for the dry and the storm weather runoff. However, until now, convective storms have not been convincingly represented. The build-up wash-off approach using the basic wash-off equation shows the best correlations between measured data and simulation results. As one of the chosen objectives for the multi-objective optimisation reacted highly sensitively to measurement errors, additional improvements can be expected after refining the criteria used in this algorithm.
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KARTSEVA, EKATERINA A. « SCREEN FORMS AT BIENNIALS OF CONTEMPORARY ART ». Art and Science of Television 16, no 3 (2020) : 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30628/1994-9529-2020-16.3-11-30.

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Video today is a popular tool for artists of postmodern, poststructuralist, post-conceptual orientations. These practices have not yet developed their economic model and have spread mainly through biennials and festivals of contemporary art, as the main form of their comprehension and display. At the same time, “video art”, “video installations”, “video sculptures”, “video performances”, “films” at the exhibitions are far from an exhaustive list of strategies, stating a cinematic turn in contemporary art, where videos are considered among the basic tools of a contemporary artist and curator. It gets increasingly difficult to imagine exhibitions that resonate with the public and critics without video. From an avant-garde countercultural practice, video has become the mainstream of contemporary exhibition projects and is presented in exhibitions in many variations. The article analyzes the strategies for including video in the expositions of national pavilions at the 58th Venice Biennale, among which the production of video content in the genre of documentary filming, investigative journalism, artistic mystification, and interactive installation can be distinguished. Artists both create their own content and use footage content from the Internet. The main awards of the Biennale are won by large—scale projects that dialogize fine art with cinema and theater. For the implementation of artistic ideas curators of biennial projects attract professional directors, screenwriters, sound and light specialists. The biennials of contemporary art, by analogy with the term screen culture, can be attributed to the large format in contemporary art. At them, video goes beyond the small screens with the help of full-screen interactive installations, projections on buildings, films timed to exhibitions are broadcast on YouTube and Netflix. As the coronavirus pandemic has shown, the search for new tactics using screen forms is sometimes the only way out for a large exhibition practice in a situation where it is impossible to conduct international projects and comply with new regulations. The Riga Biennale of Contemporary Art, Steirischer herbst in Graz, followed this path. The exhibition is moving closer to film production. New optical and bodily models are being formed. The contemplative essence of art is being replaced by new ways of human perception of information, space and time, built on the convergence of communication means—video, music, dance, the interpenetration of objective and virtual realities.
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Cook, Robert B. « The Mineral Art of Hildegard Könighoferby Hildegard Könighofer and Dietmar Jakely. Herausgeber and Verleger, Graz, Austria. 224 pages ; 2010 ; $170 (hardbound) ». Rocks & ; Minerals 85, no 6 (20 novembre 2010) : 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2010.517142.

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Palacios Labrador, Luis. « “NOAH´S ARK” : EL ARTE DE HUMANIZAR EL GRAN NÚMERO ». Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura, no 10 (2014) : 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ppa.2014.i10.07.

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Telek, Péter, et Wolfgang Trummer. « INTRODUCTION OF DEMO3D INTO THE SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION OF MATERIAL HANDLING ». Advanced Logistic Systems - Theory and Practice 12, no 1 (25 avril 2019) : 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32971/als.2019.005.

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Using of advanced machines and methods requires highly educated engineers, who gain their basic knowledge at universities. In the aspect of material handling, the Institute of Logistics of the University of Miskolc (LOG) is one of the leading education centres in Hungary, so its teaching materials, methods and devices have significant effects to the knowledge of future logistic engineers. In this paper, we describe the state of the art of planning of material handling and the education structure of LOG. Main objective of this paper is to present developing possibilities of the scientific education of LOG with some help of the Institute of Engineering Logistics of TU Graz (ITL) in the frame of project UMi-TWINN. One of the most important results of the project is the application of the Demo3D software for the education of material handling. The developed examples, videos, sheets and other documentations are directly usable in the teaching curricula of different courses of LOG.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Graz in art"

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Francis, Jacqueline. « Modern art, 'racial art' : the work of Malvin Gray Johnson and the challenges of painting, 1928-1934 ». Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?res_dat=xri:ssbe&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_dat=xri:ssbe:ft:keyresource:Coll_Diss_04.

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Glomm, Anna Sandaker. « Graphic revolt ! : Scandinavian artists' workshops, 1968-1975 : Røde Mor, Folkets Ateljé and GRAS ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3171.

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This thesis examines the relationship between the three artists' workshops Røde Mor (Red Mother), Folkets Ateljé (The People's Studio) and GRAS, who worked between 1968 and 1975 in Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Røde Mor was from the outset an articulated Communist graphic workshop loosely organised around collective exhibitions. It developed into a highly productive and professionalised group of artists that made posters by commission for political and social movements. Its artists developed a familiar and popular artistic language characterised by imaginative realism and socialist imagery. Folkets Ateljé, which has never been studied before, was a close knit underground group which created quick and immediate responses to concurrent political issues. This group was founded on the example of Atelier Populaire in France and is strongly related to its practices. Within this comparative study it is the group that comes closest to collective practises around 1968 outside Scandinavia, namely the democratic assembly. The silkscreen workshop GRAS stemmed from the idea of economic and artistic freedom, although socially motivated and politically involved, the group never implemented any doctrine for participation. The aim of this transnational study is to reveal common denominators to the three groups' poster art as it was produced in connection with a Scandinavian experience of 1968. By ‘1968' it is meant the period from the late 1960s till the end of the 1970s. It examines the socio-political conditions under which the groups flourished and shows how these groups operated in conjunction with the political environment of 1968. The thesis explores the relationship between political movements and the collective art making process as it appeared in Scandinavia. To present a comprehensible picture of the impact of 1968 on these groups, their artworks, manifestos, and activities outside of the collective space have been discussed. The argument has presented itself that even though these groups had very similar ideological stances, their posters and techniques differ. This has impacted the artists involved to different degrees, yet made it possible to express the same political goals. It is suggested to be linked with the Scandinavian social democracies and common experience of the radicalisation that took place mostly in the aftermath of 1968 proper. By comparing these three groups' it has been uncovered that even with the same socio-political circumstances and ideological stance divergent styles did develop to embrace these issue.
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Rinnhofer, Friedrich. « Grazer theologische Fakultät vom Studienjahr 1827/28 bis 1938/39 : das literarische Schaffen aller Lehrenden und die Entwicklung der einzelnen Disziplinen / ». Graz : DBV-Verl. für die Technische Universität Graz, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36664762x.

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Siméus, Jenny. « A Study of Art and Aestheticism in Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray ». Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2149.

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My twofold aim with this essay is, firstly, to examine the ideas about art expressed in the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray by the Victorian author Oscar Wilde. Secondly, I analyse how Oscar Wilde has implemented the philosophy of aestheticism throughout his novel. I achieve this by discussing the novel from the perspectives of the arts of painting, acting and literature. I examine the ideas expressed through the three main characters Dorian Gray, Basil Hallward and Lord Henry Wotton. I give occurrences of alliteration, epigrams and theatrical traits of the novel as examples of how the novel in itself is a beautiful work of art. With this essay I wish to highlight the need for all types of art mentioned in The Picture of Dorian Gray to be included in any discussion about art in the novel. My thesis statement is that the philosophy of aestheticism is promoted throughout the novel. This philosophy states that art should only be seen as something beautiful. Art should not be expected to teach its audience any moral lessons. The over-all conclusion is that it is indeed the philosophy of aestheticism that is promoted in The Picture of Dorian Gray, and the ideal of male beauty in particular.

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Gebhardt, Helmut. « Die Grazer Polizei 1786-1850 : ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des österreichischen Sicherheitswesens im aufgeklärten Absolutismus und im Vormärz / ». Graz : Leykam, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366766343.

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Svensson, Andreas. « Forsake Thy Art, Forsake Thyself : A Lacanian Reading of Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Engelska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32531.

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This essay argues, with the help of Lacanian psychoanalysis, that Dorian Gray, the protagonist in Oscar Wilde’s novel, fails to abide by the rules governed by the culture of society. It is argued that Lacan’s theories about the mirror stage develop Dorian’s character and his realizations of his true self as part of the culture which shapes him. The mirror is represented by the four characters Basil Hallward, Lord Henry Wotton, Sibyl Vane, and Sibyl’s brother James. Basil, Henry, and Sibyl are all representations of different aspects of the mirror explained by Lacan’s theories, and these three characters help Dorian realize his true identity and self.
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Abt, Felix [Verfasser], et Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Graf. « Bildbasierte Charakterisierung und Regelung von Laserschweißprozessen / Felix Abt ; Betreuer : Thomas Graf ». Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2017. http://d-nb.info/115340365X/34.

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Viculin, Marina. « Histoire de la nouvelle tendance ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040103.

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Le mouvement Nouvelle tendance (NT) est un groupe international d’artistes formé pendantles années soixante (1961 - 1973) autour d’un programme d’expositions de la Galerie d’ArtContemporain (Galerija suvremene umjetnosti) de Zagreb. Au cours de son existence, lemouvement NT a rassemblé presque deux cents artistes et plusieurs groupes tels que GRAV,T, N, Zero, Equipo 57, Dvizhenije, MID etc. La première étape de ce mouvement jusqu’en 1968est caractérisée par l’abstraction géometrique et l’art lumino-cinétique tandis que dans laseconde partie (1968 -1973), Nouvelle tendance ouvre le chapitre de l’art numérique
New Tendancy movement (NT) is an international group of artists united in the sixties(1961 - 1973) around the exhibition programme at the Gallery of Contemporary Art (Galerijasuvremene umjetnosti) in Zagreb. During its existence, the movement gathered around twohundred artists and differents groups such as GRAV, T, N, Zero, Equipo 57, Dvizhenije, MID etc.The first phase of the movement that lasted until 1968 was characterized by the geometricabstraction and lumino-kinetic art. During the second phase, New Tendancy opened thechapter of numerical arts
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Engel, Corinna. « Napoleons Grab im Invalidendom / ». Framkfurt am Main : Engel, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb411049367.

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Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Philosophische Fakultät--Universität Heidelberg, 2002. Titre de soutenance : Das Napoleon-Mausoleum im Kuppelraum von Saint-Louis des Invalides.
Bibliogr. p. 246-254.
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Johnson, Gayle. « Vocalizations in the grey butcherbird Cracticus torquatus with emphasis on structure in male breeding song implications for the function and evolution of song from a study of a Southern Hemisphere species / ». Connect to this title online, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051103.111004/.

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Livres sur le sujet "Graz in art"

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Graz, Technische Universität. TU Graz Art Guide. Graz : Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz, 2011.

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Frisinghelli, Christine. Aktuelle Kunst in Graz. Wien : Falter, 2003.

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Peter, Pakesch, dir. 2003-2008 Kunsthaus Graz : 5 Jahre Kunsthaus Graz : eine Chronologie. Köln : König, 2008.

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Wurm, Erwin. Erwin Wurm : Neue Galerie Graz. Ostfildern : Hatje Cantz, 2002.

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Graz, Kunsthaus, dir. Inventur : Werke aus der Sammlung Herbert : Kunsthaus Graz am Landesmuseum Joanneum, 10.06-03.09.2006. Köln : Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König, 2006.

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1958-, Kramer-Drauberg Barbara, dir. Jugendstil in Graz : Architektur um 1900. Gnas [Austria] : Weishaupt, 2004.

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Serge Spitzer : Brunnenwerk : La Concorde/Platz der Menschenrechte Graz 1985. Graz : Ploetz & Ausserhofer, 1986.

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Peter, Weibel, et Holler-Schuster Günther, dir. Fluxus, Happening, Konzeptkunst : Aus der Sammlung der Neuen Galerie Graz. Graz : Neue Galerie Graz am Landesmuseum Joanneum, 2007.

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González-Torres, Félix. Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Rudolf Stingel : Neue Galerie Graz, 27.1.-6.3.1994. Graz : Neue Galerie, 1994.

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Schmidtbauer, Paul. Paul Schmidtbauer : Graz, 9.7.-29.8.1993, Neue Galerie am Landesmuseum Joanneum. Sous la direction de Holler Christiane et Neue Galerie am Landesmuseum Joanneum. Graz : Die Galerie, 1993.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Graz in art"

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Schulz, Georg, et Robert Höldrich. « Künstlerische Forschung sowie Entwicklung und Erschließung der Künste an der Kunstuniversität Graz ». Dans Kunst und Forschung / Art and research, 197–249. Vienna : Springer Vienna, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0753-9_9.

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Sircar, Ruby. « Kooperative für Darstellungspolitik & ; IZK, Institute for Contemporary Art, Graz University of Technology Pavilion ». Dans Utopia and Monument, 128–35. Vienna : Springer Vienna, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0773-7_16.

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Davis, Philip J. « Instructions Are Received ». Dans Thomas Gray in Copenhagen, 81–90. New York, NY : Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4366-1_12.

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Alley, Michael. « When the Rules Are Gray ». Dans The Craft of Editing, 32–42. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1204-1_3.

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Mazarr, Michael J. « The Swans to Worry About Are Gray ». Dans Rethinking Risk in National Security, 89–99. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-91843-0_7.

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Kruczek, Jakub, Paulina Kruczek et Marcin Kuta. « Are n-gram Categories Helpful in Text Classification ? » Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 524–37. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50417-5_39.

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Mason, Peggy. « The Nociceptive Modulatory Effects of Periaqueductal Gray Activation are Mediated by Two Neuronal Classes in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla ». Dans The Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray Matter, 287–303. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3302-3_16.

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Suzuki, Tetsuya. « Introduction of N-gram into a Run-Length Encoding Based ASCII Art Extraction Method ». Dans Current Trends in Web Engineering, 28–39. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24800-4_3.

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Contreras, Ricardo, M. Angélica Pinninghoff et Jaime Ortega. « Using Ant Colony Optimization for Edge Detection in Gray Scale Images ». Dans Natural and Artificial Models in Computation and Biology, 323–31. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38637-4_33.

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Gray, Gordon. « Gordon Gray : "Those who are not cleared ... will necessarily be excused" ». Dans In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer, sous la direction de Richard Polenberg, 38–41. Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501729515-010.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Graz in art"

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Marn, Andreas, Thorsten Selic, Florian Schönleitner, Franz Heitmeir et Dominik Broszat. « Comparison of the Aerodynamics of Acoustically Designed EGVs and a State-of-the-Art EGV ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2014 : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26090.

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Within previous EU projects, possible modifications to the engine architecture have been investigated, that would allow for an optimised aerodynamic or acoustic design of the exit guide vanes (EGV) of the turbine exit casing (TEC). However, the engine weight should not be increased and the aerodynamic performance must be at least the same. This paper compares a state-of-the art TEC (reference TEC) with typical EGVs with an acoustically optimised TEC configuration for the engine operating point approach. It is shown that a reduction in sound power level for the fundamental tone (1 blade passing frequency) for this acoustically important operating point can be achieved. It is also shown that the weight of the acoustically optimised EGVs (only bladings considered) is almost equal to the Reference TEC, but a reduction in engine length can be achieved. Measurements were conducted in the subsonic test turbine facility (STTF) at the Institute for Thermal Turbomachinery and Machine Dynamics, Graz University of Technology. The inlet guide vanes, the low pressure turbine (LPT) stage, and the EGVs have been designed by MTU Aero Engines.
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Selic, Thorsten, Davide Lengani, Florian Schönleitner, Andreas Marn et Dominik Broszat. « Comparison of a State of the Art and a High Stage Loading Rotor ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2014 : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26895.

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This paper presents measurement results of a 1½ stage LPT test rig at Graz University of Technology incorporating two different rotor geometries: one with a regular blade loading and a second rotor with a highly loaded blade geometry. The test rig was designed in cooperation with MTU Aero Engines and represents the last 1.5 stages of a commercial aero engine. Considerable efforts were put on the adjustment of all relevant model parameters (Mach number, blade count ratio, airfoil aspect ratio, blade loading, etc.) to reproduce the full scale LPT situation. The rig diameter is approximately half of that of a commercial aero engine LPT. The number of blades and vanes for the two investigated stages as well as the pressure ratio and power output are identical, resulting in a decrease in rotational speed of the HSL rotor. Measurement data from a fast response pressure probe (FRAPP) is used to compare the flow fields of the two different stages. The effect of the different stage designs can be seen when comparing the exit flow fields. The highly loaded stage shows a more pronounced tip leakage vortex compared to the datum stage. The highly loaded stage shows wider wakes with a lower total pressure deficit. The fluctuations of total pressure within the flow field are directly related to the upstream wake. If the measurement position is located within a stator wake, the fluctuations are significantly smaller than out of the wake.
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Sanz, W., Carl-W. Hustad et H. Jericha. « First Generation Graz Cycle Power Plant for Near-Term Deployment ». Dans ASME 2011 Turbo Expo : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45135.

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Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a recognized technology pathway to curb the increasing emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the power generation sector. But most available technologies are still on the study or laboratory-scale level, so that considerable R&D efforts are needed to achieve commercialization level. The Graz Cycle originally presented in 1995 by Jericha [1] is an oxyfuel technology and promises highest efficiency using state-of-the-art turbine materials and improved thermodynamic developments in a comparatively complex interaction of rotating machinery, condensers and heat exchanger components. But although detailed conceptual design for all main components has been presented, there is still a large step towards a Graz Cycle pilot demonstration plant. In order to facilitate construction of a demonstration plant we consider the performance of a near-term Graz Cycle process design based on modest cycle data and available turbomachinery components using a simplified flow scheme. The work is supported by on-going development work for a first generation oxyfuel turbine that has already been undertaken by Clean Energy Systems, Inc. [2]. Their further work on a second generation oxyfuel turbine received $30 million funding support from the U.S. Department of Energy in September 2010 [3]. Two near-term Graz Cycle plants are presented based on basic and advanced operating conditions of the proposed commercially available turbine. Besides the turbine the additional equipment for a first-generation cycle is discussed. The predicted optimum net efficiency is 23.2% (HHV). A near-term zero-emission power plant can only be commercially attractive if it will be deployed in a niche market. Therefore an economic analysis commensurate with an early pre-FEED conceptual study is carried out for the U.S. Gulf Coast where revenue from multiple product streams that could include power, steam, CO2 and water, as well as argon and (potentially) nitrogen from the ASU is provided. The economic analysis suggests that a capital investment of $94 million can secure construction of a 13.2 MWe zero emission oxyfuel power plant and yield a 14.5% (unlevered) return on capital invested.
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Thorbergsson, Egill, Tomas Grönstedt, Majed Sammak et Magnus Genrup. « A Comparative Analysis of Two Competing Mid-Size Oxy-Fuel Combustion Cycles ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2012 : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69676.

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Conceptual turbine and compressor designs have been established for the semi-closed oxy-fuel combustion combined cycle and the Graz cycle. Real gas effects are addressed by extending cycle and conceptual design tools with a fluid thermo-dynamic and transport property database. Maximum compressor efficiencies are established by determining optimal values for stage loading, degree of reaction and number of compressor stages. Turbine designs are established based on estimates on achievable blade root stress levels and state of the art design parameters. The work indicates that a twin shaft geared compressor is needed to keep stage numbers to a feasible level. The Graz cycle is expected to be able to deliver around 3% net efficiency benefit over the semi-closed oxy-fuel combustion combined cycle at the expense of a more complex realization of the cycle.
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Schönleitner, F., H. Koch, T. Selic, M. Hoeger et A. Marn. « Comparison of the Experimental Results Between a 2D EGV Cascade Test and a Rig Test Under Engine Representative Conditions ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2014 : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26915.

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Today the exit guide vanes (EGV) of the turbine exit casing (TEC) of a bypass-engine have to fulfill three major functions. Firstly, they have to support the rear bearing of an aero engine and to provide space to lead through different supply lines, secondly the engine mount is supported and therefore they have to be rigid and large in thickness. Thirdly, the EGVs have to reduce swirl of the last stage LPT (carrying the aerodynamic load) in order to transform it into thrust for highest propulsive efficiency. Further, if available they have to provide the correct flow field for the following component e.g. a mixer as used in low by-pass ratio engines. Such a state-of-the-art EGV is subject to a 2D cascade test performed at the Institute for Fluid Mechanics at Technical University Braunschweig and a rig test performed at the Institute for Thermal Turbomachinery at Graz University of Technology. This work presents the differences in the results between these two tests due to three dimensional effects such as incoming wakes, turbulence and radial variations in swirl, total pressure and yaw angle over the passage height.
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Hébert, Jean-Pierre. « Study for DNA, Payne's Gray ». Dans ACM SIGGRAPH 99 Electronic art and animation catalog. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/312379.312503.

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Chung, C. J. Chan Jin. « Integrated STEAM education through global robotics art festival (GRAF) ». Dans 2014 IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isecon.2014.6891011.

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Zerobin, S., C. Aldrian, A. Peters, F. Heitmeir et E. Göttlich. « Impact of Individual High-Pressure Turbine Rotor Purge Flows on Turbine Center Frame Aerodynamics ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2017 : Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63616.

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This paper presents an experimental study of the impact of individual high-pressure turbine purge flows on the main flow in a downstream turbine center frame duct. Measurements were carried out in a product-representative one and a half stage turbine test setup, installed in the Transonic Test Turbine Facility at Graz University of Technology. The rig allows testing at engine-relevant flow conditions, matching Mach, Reynolds, and Strouhal number at the inlet of the turbine center frame. The reference case features four purge flows differing in flow rate, pressure, and temperature, injected through the hub and tip, forward and aft cavities of the high-pressure turbine rotor. To investigate the impact of each individual cooling flow on the flow evolution in the turbine center frame, the different purge flows were switched off one-by-one while holding the other three purge flow conditions. In total, this approach led to six different test conditions when including the reference case and the case without any purge flow ejection. Detailed measurements were carried out at the turbine center frame duct inlet and outlet for all six conditions and the post-processed results show that switching off one of the rotor case purge flows leads to an improved duct performance. In contrast, the duct exit flow is dominated by high pressure loss regions if the forward rotor hub purge flow is turned off. Without the aft rotor hub purge flow, a reduction in duct pressure loss is determined. The purge flows from the rotor aft cavities are demonstrated to play a particularly important role for the turbine center frame aerodynamic performance. In summary, this paper provides a first-time assessment of the impact of four different purge flows on the flow field and loss generation mechanisms in a state-of-the-art turbine center frame configuration. The outcomes of this work indicate that a high-pressure turbine purge flow reduction generally benefits turbine center frame performance. However, the forward rotor hub purge flow actually stabilizes the flow in the turbine center frame duct and reducing this purge flow can penalize turbine center frame performance. These particular high-pressure turbine/turbine center frame interactions should be taken into account whenever high-pressure turbine purge flow reductions are pursued.
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Romaniuk, Myroslava. « N-gram models for code completion in Pharo ». Dans '20 : 4th International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3397537.3398483.

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Giglmayr, I., J. Paul et W. Sanz. « Heat Recovery Steam Generator Design for a Graz Cycle Prototype Power Plant for CO2 Capture ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2004 : Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53725.

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The introduction of closed cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. Therefore, research and development at Graz University of Technology has lead to the GRAZ CYCLE, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency. The GRAZ CYCLE is still on a theoretical level, first tests with the turbo-machinery equipment were performed. In the GRAZ CYCLE fossil fuels are burned with pure oxygen which enables a cost-effective separation of the combustion generated CO2 by condensation. Cycle efficiencies as high as 63% can be reached. Taking the efforts for the oxygen supply into account the efficiency is reduced to 55% [1]. This work presents a further step towards a GRAZ CYCLE prototype plant, with special emphasis on the layout and design of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The hot exhaust gas of the turbine consists mainly of CO2 and H2O. This exhaust gas causes higher demands on the HRSG. A faster corrosion of the heat exchangers and the recirculation of the cycle fluid have to be considered. Based on the design of conventional HRSGs, the necessary adaptations are discussed and economically evaluated.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Graz in art"

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Leoni, Paolo, et Gunnar Lennermo. Integration concepts of decentral ST systems in DHC. IEA SHC Task 55, juin 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2020-0016.

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This factsheet focuses on the integration hydraulics and control of central ST systems in DHC. The first part gives an overview of decentral feed-in: international state of the art (including comparison and selection criteria of the different integration schemes), hydraulics and components, details of the return-to-supply scheme (challenges, pump operation, control). The second part describes concepts for the secondary-side integration of ST without feed-in. The third part illustrates selected best-practice examples in Austria (Wasserwerke Andritz and Berlinerring in Graz) and Sweden (Ystad).
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Hellström, Lisa, et Linda Beckman. Att främja hälsa och förebbygga ohälsa bland ungdomar : En nationell och internationell kartläggning över initiativ och insatser. Malmö universitet, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771103.

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Med denna rapport vill vi förmedla hopp till unga, öka kunskapen, med-vetenheten och minska skammen kring psykisk ohälsa. Unga uttrycker själva att de vill ha mer kunskap om psykisk hälsa och skolan lyfts ofta som en bra plattform. Många unga vet inte vart de ska vända sig för att få hjälp med psykiska besvär och de har behov av att bli lyssnade på. När-varande vuxna som lyssnar behövs, dock saknar många vuxna kunskap om psykiska besvär och diagnoser kopplat till psykisk ohälsa.Psykisk hälsa bland unga är en viktig samhällsfråga som de senaste åren har fått mer uppmärksamhet i samhällsdebatten. Flera satsningar har gjorts av civilsamhällesaktörer och offentliga aktörer. Samtidigt visar den internationella kartläggningen att det är svårt att påvisa långsiktiga effek-ter av alla de satsningar som görs. Det kan finnas flera orsaker till detta. Det finns dock insatser som verkar mer lovande och här finns en möjlighet för beslutsfattare att göra skillnad för ungas psykiska hälsa. Förutom att bespara unga onödigt lidande är dessa insatser ofta samhällsekonomisktkostnadseffektiva, eftersom de på sikt leder till minskat vårdsökande och bättre förutsättningar för unga att klara skolan och i förlängningen arbets-livet. Sådana satsningar går även i linje med Barnkonventionen artikel 24 om alla barns rätt till bästa möjliga hälsa, som sedan 2020 är lag i Sverige. Utifrån kartläggningen har vi följande rekommendationer 1. Rusta unga med färdigheter om psykisk ohälsaUnga bör få tillgång till de kunskaper och färdigheter som enligt forsk-ning visat sig lovande för att främja psykisk hälsa och förebygga ohälsa. Internationellt ges flera av dessa insatser inom ramen för sko-lan. De behöver utveckla sina färdigheter i hur man tolkar och förstår sina egna känslor och sin kropp och vad som är vanlig livssmärta, hur man kan hantera den och när man behöver kontakta vården. Därför bör ett nationellt initiativ som når alla barn tas för att främja barn och ungas kunskap och färdigheter om psykisk hälsa för att rusta dem för livet. Det bör även inkludera information om vart man kan vända sig om man behöver ytterligare stöd eller vård. Unga ska vara delaktiga i utformningen av ett sådant initiativ. 2. Ge vuxna kunskap och verktyg om psykisk hälsa – för att underlätta stöd till ungaBarn och unga behöver närvarande vuxna som har förmågan att lyssna, fånga upp och vägleda dem. Det är inte ovanligt att vuxna i barns och ungas närhet upplever osäkerhet och saknar kunskap om psykiska besvär och diagnoser. Därför behöver vuxna, framförallt föräldrar och yrkes-verksamma som jobbar nära unga, få bättre kunskap och verktyg för hur de ska möta unga på ett bättre sätt. Satsningar på att höja föräldrars kun-skap om psykisk hälsa bör göras, exempelvis i form av föräldrastödspro-gram och folkbildning. Lärare bör även ges grundläggande kunskaper om psykisk hälsa inom ramen för lärarutbildningen. 3. Insatser bör följas upp under en längre tidInsatser för att främja psykisk hälsa bör planeras, implementeras och ut-värderas med långtidsuppföljningar (>12 månader). Detta för att bättre kunna bedöma de långsiktiga effekterna och för att kunna utveckla och anpassa insatserna efterhand.
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Kløcker Larsen, Rasmus, et Maria Boström. “Renen får aldrig betesro” : Konsekvenser av Bolidens gruva och vägen i Stihkeområdet för Voernese sameby. Stockholm Environment Institute, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.008.

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Denna rapport presenterar en studie av Voernese samebys erfarenheter av de konsekvenser som gruvan i Stihkeområdet fört med sig, en gruva som drevs av Boliden Mineral AB mellan år 1976–1988. Det finns i dag ett stort kunskapsglapp angående vilka de faktiska konsekvenserna är av gruvindustri på renskötsel och annan samisk markanvändning. Detta är så vitt vi vet första gången som forskningen empiriskt belyser konsekvenserna av gruvindustrin och försöken till efterbehandling av gruvområdet utifrån en samebys egna erfarenheter och kunskap. Studien genomfördes 2019–2020 i ett samarbete mellan samebyn, Svenska Samernas Riksförbund och SEI. Datainsamlingen har bestått av arbetsmöten, intervjuer, workshops, dokumentanalys och kartering med stöd av RenGIS och forskning om störningszoner. Fokus i denna rapport är på just Voernese samebys erfarenheter, gruvans konsekvenser för andra samebyar eller icke-renskötande samer i området har därför inte inkluderats. Resultaten visar den omfattande påverkan som gruvan haft på samebyn, dels under driftperioden men i högsta grad också efteråt. Eftersom samebyn bedriver samrenskötsel i Stihkeområdet med Vilhelmina Södra sameby, på vars mark gruvverksamheten bedrevs, har samebyn påverkats både av direkta markförluster och betesskador från gruvområdet liksom andra störningarna under drifttiden. I nutid handlar de största konsekvenserna om påverkan från vägen som drogs i tidigare väglöst land och störningarna på renen från besöksnäringen. Detta har försvårat för renen att finna betesro, inneburit omfattande merarbete och ökade kostnader för samebyn vid samling och flytt, samt medfört stress och oro för samebyns medlemmar liksom även förlust av traditionell kunskap. Renskötseln försvåras även av kvarlämnade borrör och järnskrot från SGU:s provborrningar. Studien visar också hur samebyn exkluderades från beslutsfattandet när Bolidens gruva etablerades på 1970-talet och nu återigen har marginaliserats i samband med tillståndsprövningen för Vilhelmina Minerals planer för återupptagning av brytningen. Dessa forskningsresultat är viktiga för att korrigera en vanlig missuppfattning i den politiska och offentliga debatten kring gruvindustrin: att gruvindustri och renskötsel skulle kunna samexistera utan någon större påverkan på renskötseln. De bidrar också till en ökad förståelse för den omfattande påverkan som ett gruvprojekt, samt dess följdeffekter, kan ha på en grannsameby trots det att själva gruvområdet ligger utanför samebygränsen. I ett vidare perspektiv bidrar studien med ytterligare ett empiriskt baserat exempel på hur gruvbolag och stat marginaliserar samisk kunskap och missbrukar samebyars deltagande i miljöbedömningar. Dessa problem härrör främst från det faktum att svensk lagstiftning inte ger tillräckligt skydd för samiska rättigheter. Det hänger även ihop med statens tvetydiga roll i hanteringen av de intressekonflikter som uppstår när man både har en skyldighet att skydda samiska rättigheter och ska tillgodose olika samhälls- och företagsekonomiska intressen i utvinningen av mineraler. Denna brist på ansvarstagande, som samebyn upplever från statens sida, visar med all tydlighet att den koloniala exploateringen av naturresurserna i Sápmi inte är ett historiskt fenomen utan något som i högsta grad fortgår än i dag. Som ett exempel har inga ansträngningar gjorts för att se över om den begränsade ekonomiska ersättningen som staten genomförde under 1960–70 talet verkligen motsvarar de faktiska skador som samebyn fått uthärda. På kortare sikt skulle många förbättringar troligen kunna åstadkommas genom enskilda insatser för att adressera de problem som samebyn har i Stihkeområdet. Exempelvis skulle kommun och länsstyrelse kunna ingripa för att hantera de problem som besöksnäringen och friluftslivet orsakar och regeringen skulle kunna ge SGU i uppdrag att återställa tidigare prospekteringsverksamhet i Stihkeområdet. Vad denna studie främst belyser är dock behovet av en mer genomgripande strategi från statens sida för att komma till rätta med konsekvenserna av Bolidens gruvprojekt och dess följdeffekter. Utifrån senaste årens rättsutveckling torde det numera finnas goda möjligheter för staten att se över sitt ansvar för de skador som framkommit i Stihkeområdet.
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Kløcker Larsen, Rasmus, et Maria Boström. “Låt renen få igen landet som det var” : Konsekvenser av gruvan och vägen på Stihken för Vilhelmina Södra sameby. Stockholm Environment Institute, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.007.

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Denna rapport presenterar en studie av Vilhelmina Södra samebys erfarenheter av de konsekvenser som gruvan på Stihken fört med sig, en gruva som drevs av Boliden Mineral AB 1976–1988. Det finns i dag ett stort kunskapsglapp angående vilka de faktiska konsekvenserna är av gruvindustri på samisk markanvändning, inklusive renskötseln. Detta är så vitt vi vet första gången som forskningen empiriskt belyser konsekvenserna av gruvindustrin, och de faktiska utfallen av försöken till efterbehandling, utifrån en samebys egna erfarenheter och kunskap. Studien genomfördes 2019–2020 i ett samarbete mellan samebyn, Svenska Samernas Riksförbund och Stockholm Environment Institute. Datainsamlingen har bestått av arbetsmöten, intervjuer, workshops, dokumentanalys och kartering med stöd av RenGIS och forskning om störningszoner. Fokus i denna rapport ligger på just Vilhelmina Södra samebys erfarenheter och gruvans konsekvenser för andra samebyar eller icke-renskötande samer i området har därför inte inkluderats. Resultaten visar den omfattande påverkan som gruvan haft på samebyn, dels under driftperioden men i högsta grad också efteråt. Under drifttiden förorsakade gruvan stora direkta och indirekta markförluster, med störningar från brytningen och trafiken, damning på betet, blockering av det naturliga flyttstråket och förlust av stora delar av samebyns renar in i Norge eller in på grannbyarnas mark på svensk sida. I nutid handlar de största konsekvenserna om en omfattande störning från besöksnäringen på grund av vägen som drogs i tidigare väglöst land. Detta föranleder i sin tur stort betesbortfall; försämrad djurhälsa och kondition för renen; förhöjd arbetsbelastning, fysiska påfrestningar, och arbetsmiljörisker för renskötarna; ökade kostnader för renskötselaktiviteter; samt förlust av samiska kulturminnen, ökad psykisk påfrestning, försämrade möjligheter för samebyns unga att satsa på renskötseln, och förlust av traditionell kunskap. Dessa forskningsresultat är viktiga för att korrigera vanligt förekommande missuppfattningar i den politiska och offentliga debatten kring gruvindustrin: nämligen att gruvindustrin och renskötseln kan samexistera utan någon större påverkan på renskötseln. De visar också tydligt vem som har bäst kunskap att bedöma riskerna vid en gruvetablering: samebyn identifierade redan på 1960-talet, och det ganska så exakt, de risker som denna studie nu kunnat visa blivit verklighet medan försöken från statens representanter var långt mindre precisa. Exempelvis antog statens experter en total störningszon på 500 meter runt gruvområdet och 100 meter på bägge sidor om vägen. Detta står i stark kontrast till de störningszoner som samebyn faktiskt har upplevt, nämligen upp mot 10 kilometer för gruvan och 1,5 kilometer för vägen. Problemen härrör främst från det faktum att svensk lagstiftning inte ger tillräckligt skydd för samiska rättigheter. De hänger även ihop med statens tvetydiga roll i hanteringen av de intressekonflikter som uppstår när man både har en skyldighet att skydda samiska rättigheter och ska tillgodose olika samhälls- och företagsekonomiska intressen i utvinningen av mineraler. Denna brist på ansvarstagande, som samebyn upplever från statens sida, visar med all tydlighet att den koloniala exploateringen av naturresurserna i Sápmi inte är ett historiskt fenomen utan något som i allra högsta grad fortgår än i dag. Som ett exempel har inga ansträngningar som helst gjorts för att se över huruvida den begränsade ekonomiska ersättningen som staten genomförde under 1960–70 talet verkligen motsvarar de faktiska skador som samebyn fått uthärda. Det finns flera sätt att åtgärda problemen i området vid Stihken. Exempelvis skulle regeringen kunna ge SGU i uppdrag att återställa området från tidigare prospekteringsverksamhet och kommun och länsstyrelse skulle i sin tur kunna ingripa för att hantera besöksnäringen och friluftslivet. Vad denna studie främst belyser är dock behovet av en genomgripande strategi från statens sida för att komma till rätta med konsekvenserna av Bolidens gruvprojekt och dess följdeffekter. Utifrån senaste årens rättsutveckling torde det numera finnas goda möjligheter för staten att se över sitt ansvar för de skador som framkommit på området vid Stihken.
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Beck, Aaron. RiverOceanPlastic : Land-ocean transfer of plastic debris in the North Atlantic, Cruise No. AL534/2, 05 March – 26 March 2020, Malaga (Spain) – Kiel (Germany). GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al534-2.

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Cruise AL534/2 is part of a multi-disciplinary research initiative as part of the JPI Oceans project HOTMIC and sought to investigate the origin, transport and fate of plastic debris from estuaries to the oceanic garbage patches. The main focus of the cruise was on the horizontal transfer of plastic debris from major European rivers into shelf regions and on the processes that mediate this transport. Stations were originally chosen to target the outflows of major European rivers along the western Europe coast between Malaga (Spain) and Kiel (Germany), although some modifications were made in response to inclement weather. In total, 16 stations were sampled along the cruise track. The sampling scheme was similar for most stations, and included: 1) a CTD cast to collect water column salinity and temperature profiles, and discrete samples between surface and seafloor, 2) sediment sampling with Van Veen grab and mini-multi corer (mini-MUC), 3) suspended particle and plankton sampling using a towed Bongo net and vertical WP3 net, and 4) surface neusten sampling using a catamaran trawl. At a subset of stations with deep water, suspended particles were collected using in situ pumps deployed on a cable. During transit between stations, surface water samples were collected from the ship’s underway seawater supply, and during calm weather, floating litter was counted by visual survey teams. The samples and data collected on cruise AL534/2 will be used to determine the: (1) abundance of plastic debris in surface waters, as well as the composition of polymer types, originating in major European estuaries and transported through coastal waters, (2) abundance and composition of microplastics (MP) in the water column at different depths from the sea surface to the seafloor including the sediment, (3) abundance and composition of plastic debris in pelagic and benthic organisms (invertebrates), (4) abundance and identity of biofoulers (bacteria, protozoans and metazoans) on the surface of plastic debris from different water depths, (5) identification of chemical compounds (“additives”) in the plastic debris and in water samples.
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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset et Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.

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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on whole UK-produced, fresh chicken at retail sale in the UK. The data obtained for the first four years was reported in FSA projects FS241044 (2014/15) and FS102121 (2015 to 2018). The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated raw whole retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target. This report presents results from testing chickens from non-major retailer stores (only) in a fifth survey year from 2018 to 2019. In line with previous practise, samples were collected from stores distributed throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each country). Testing was performed by two laboratories - a Public Health England (PHE) laboratory or the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast. Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. was performed using the ISO 10272-2 standard enumeration method applied with a detection limit of 10 colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) of neck skin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected antimicrobials in accordance with those advised in the EU harmonised monitoring protocol was predicted from genome sequence data in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates The percentage (10.8%) of fresh, whole chicken at retail sale in stores of smaller chains (for example, Iceland, McColl’s, Budgens, Nisa, Costcutter, One Stop), independents and butchers (collectively referred to as non-major retailer stores in this report) in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. has decreased since the previous survey year but is still higher than that found in samples from major retailers. 8 whole fresh raw chickens from non-major retailer stores were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 (n = 1009). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55.8% of the chicken skin samples obtained from non-major retailer shops, and 10.8% of the samples had counts above 1000 cfu per g chicken skin. Comparison among production plant approval codes showed significant differences of the percentages of chicken samples with more than 1000 cfu per g, ranging from 0% to 28.1%. The percentage of samples with more than 1000 cfu of Campylobacter spp. per g was significantly higher in the period May, June and July than in the period November to April. The percentage of highly contaminated samples was significantly higher for samples taken from larger compared to smaller chickens. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of highly contaminated samples between those obtained from chicken reared with access to range (for example, free-range and organic birds) and those reared under standard regime (for example, no access to range) but the small sample size for organic and to a lesser extent free-range chickens, may have limited the ability to detect important differences should they exist. Campylobacter species was determined for isolates from 93.4% of the positive samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the majority (72.6%) of samples while C. coli was identified in 22.1% of samples. A combination of both species was found in 5.3% of samples. C. coli was more frequently isolated from samples obtained from chicken reared with access to range in comparison to those reared as standard birds. C. jejuni was less prevalent during the summer months of June, July and August compared to the remaining months of the year. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), erythromycin (macrolide), tetracycline, (tetracyclines), gentamicin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) was predicted from WGS data by the detection of known antimicrobial resistance determinants. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 185 (51.7%) isolates of C. jejuni and 49 (42.1%) isolates of C. coli; while 220 (61.1%) isolates of C. jejuni and 73 (62.9%) isolates of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Three C. coli (2.6%) but none of the C. jejuni isolates harboured 23S mutations predicting reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as harbouring genetic determinants for resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial classes, was found in 10 (8.6%) C. coli isolates but not in any C. jejuni isolates. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was predicted in 1.7% of C. coli isolates. 9 Overall, the percentages of isolates with genetic AMR determinants found in this study were similar to those reported in the previous survey year (August 2016 to July 2017) where testing was based on phenotypic break-point testing. Multi-drug resistance was similar to that found in the previous survey years. It is recommended that trends in AMR in Campylobacter spp. isolates from retail chickens continue to be monitored to realise any increasing resistance of concern, particulary to erythromycin (macrolide). Considering that the percentage of fresh, whole chicken from non-major retailer stores in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. continues to be above that in samples from major retailers more action including consideration of interventions such as improved biosecurity and slaughterhouse measures is needed to achieve better control of Campylobacter spp. for this section of the industry. The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target.
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