Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Guarantee of working condition »

Les systèmes cyber-physiques (SCP) se situent à l'intersection des opérations physiques, des technologies informatiques et des communications réseau. Ces systèmes sont fondamentaux pour l'infrastructure des environnements de fabrication intelligente, fournissant les moyens d'un contrôle amélioré, d'une optimisation et d'une adaptabilité au sein de divers processus de production. Cette thèse se penche sur les défis associés à la protection des SCP contre une large gamme de menaces cybernétiques qui posent des risques pour la sécurité de ces systèmes. À travers l'application de stratégies de contrôle de pointe telles que l'Observabilité Fonctionnelle et la Théorie des Échelles de Temps, ce travail introduit des méthodes innovantes visant la détection et l'atténuation de l'Injection de Données Fausses (IDF), des Attaques de Dynamique Nulle (ADN), et du Déni de Service (DoS). Ces menaces cybernétiques sont identifiées comme prévalentes et dommageables dans le contexte des SCP industriels. L'incorporation stratégique des textit{observateurs fonctionnels}, l'application du cadre analytique des Échelles de Temps, et l'utilisation du critère de stabilité de Lyapunov se démarquent comme contributions notables au domaine de la sécurité des SCP. Ces approches offrent de nouvelles perspectives et des solutions robustes aux défis multifacettes que rencontrent les systèmes cyber-physiques. De plus, l'efficacité des solutions proposées est testée et validée à travers une combinaison d'études expérimentales et de simulation. Ces efforts de validation soulignent la capacité des améliorations de sécurité proposées à élever les mesures protectrices au sein des environnements de fabrication intelligente. En conséquence, cette travail de thèse repousse non seulement les limites des connaissances actuelles dans le domaine de la sécurité des SCP, mais établit également une base solide pour les recherches en cours et futures visant à renforcer l'infrastructure numérique essentielle au fonctionnement des industries intelligentes. À travers cette étude, la thèse aspire à contribuer de manière significative au développement de systèmes cyber-physiques plus sûrs, fiables et résilients, soutenant ainsi l'évolution continue des technologies de fabrication intelligente<br>Cyber-physical systems (CPS) stand at the intersection of physical operations, computing technologies, and network communications. These sophisticated systems are fundamental to the infrastructure of smart manufacturing environments, providing the means for improved control, optimization, and adaptability within various production processes. This thesis delves into addressing the significant challenges associated with safeguarding CPS from a wide range of cyber threats that pose risks to the operational integrity and overall safety of these systems. Through the application of cutting-edge control strategies like Functional Observability and Time-Scale Theory, this work introduces innovative methods aimed at the early detection and effective mitigation of False Data Injection (FDI), Zero-Dynamics Attacks (ZDA), and Denial of Service (DoS). These particular cyber threats are identified as especially prevalent and damaging within the context of industrial CPS. The strategic incorporation of textit{functional observers}, the application of the Time-Scale analytical framework, and the use of the Lyapunov stability criterion stand as notable contributions to the domain of CPS security. These approaches provide fresh insights and robust solutions to the multifaceted challenges that cyber-physical systems encounter. Moreover, the efficacy of the proposed solutions is tested and validated through a combination of simulation and hands-on experimental studies. These validation efforts underscore the capability of the proposed security enhancements to elevate the protective measures within smart manufacturing environments. Consequently, this thesis not only pushes the boundaries of current knowledge in the field of CPS security but also establishes a solid foundation for ongoing and future researches aimed at fortifying the digital infrastructure essential to the operation of smart industries. Through this study, the thesis aspires to contribute meaningfully to the development of more secure, reliable, and resilient cyber-physical systems, thereby supporting the continued evolution of smart manufacturing technologies

The aim of the study was to investigate the association between working memory capacity and golf performance in a dual-task paradigm. Twenty-eight golfers with ages varying from 19-58 participated in the study. The participants were instructed to, after assessing their working memory capacity with digit span tests, hit ten golf putts from varying distances in two different conditions, one single-task condition (just performing the golf putts) and one dual-task condition (golf putts plus a working memory task). In the dual-task condition the participants were given an address (including street name, postal code and city) to remember while hitting all ten putts. After hitting the putts in each condition the participants reported their perceived mental effort. Results from the study showed that participants with higher working memory capacity performed better than participants with lower working memory capacity in general, but especially in the distracted condition. Results also showed that participants with higher working memory capacity perceived less mental effort compared to participants with lower working memory capacity, especially in the distracted condition. The findings from this study indicate that working memory capacity is related to performance and mental effort exerted during performance, especially in a distracted condition.

The structural behaviour of single shear bolted connections and double shear bolted connections of cold-formed stainless steel at elevated temperatures and post-fire condition has been investigated in this study. The current design rules on bolted connections of cold-formed stainless steel are mainly based on those of carbon steel, and are applicable for room (ambient) temperature condition only. These design rules may not be applicable for elevated temperatures. Therefore, design guidelines should be prepared for bolted connections of cold-formed stainless steel structures at elevated temperatures. The key findings of the investigation are described in the following paragraphs. A total of 25 tensile coupon tests were conducted to investigate the material deterioration of three different grades of stainless steel at elevated temperatures. The stainless steels are austenitic stainless steel EN 1.4301 (AISI 304) and EN 1.4571 (AISI 316Ti having small amount of titanium) as well as lean duplex stainless steel EN 1.4162 (AISI S32101). Totally 434 tests on bolted connections of stainless steel were performed in the temperature ranged from 22 to 950 ºC using both steady state and transient state test methods. The test results were compared with the nominal strengths calculated from the American Specification, Australian/New Zealand Standard and European codes for stainless steel structures. In calculating the nominal strengths of the connections, the material properties at elevated temperatures were used in the design equations for room temperature. It is shown that the nominal strengths predicted by these specifications are generally conservative at elevated temperatures. A total of 78 cold-formed stainless steel single shear and double shear bolted connections were tested in post-fire condition. The test results were compared with those tested at room temperature. Generally, it is found that the bolted connection strengths in post-fire condition cooling down from 350 and 650 ºC are higher than those tested at room temperature for all three grades of stainless steel. Finite element models for single shear and double shear bolted connections were developed and verified against the experimental results. Static analysis technique was used in the numerical analyses. Extensive parametric studies that included 450 specimens were performed using the verified finite element models to evaluate the bearing resistances of bolted connections of stainless steel at elevated temperatures. Design equations for bearing resistances of cold-formed stainless steel single shear and double shear bolted connections were proposed based on both the experimental and numerical results in the temperature ranged from 22 to 950 ºC. The bearing resistances of bolted connections obtained from the tests and the finite element analyses were compared with the nominal strengths calculated using the current design rules and also compared with the predicted strengths calculated using the proposed design equations. It is shown that the proposed design equations are generally more accurate and reliable in predicting the bearing resistances of bolted connections at elevated temperatures than the current design rules. The reliability of the current and proposed design rules was evaluated using reliability analysis. The proposed design equations are recommended for bolted connections assembled using cold-formed stainless steels.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Civil Engineering<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy

Background: The nursing profession is known to be a stressful job and nurses worldwide encounters events that is affecting their health. When nurses experience poor health, sentential events such as medical errors could increase, it could also have a negative effect on the teamwork which leads to a decreased quality and safety within the healthcare. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe Filipino nurses’ experience of work-related factors influencing their health. Method: Semi structured interview with ten nurses, five nurses from a private sector and five from a public sector in Manila, Philippines. The analysis was constructed as a conventional content analysis. Result: From the analysis three categories, psychological health factors, physical health factors and supportive health factors emerged from eight subcategories. From psychological health factors three subcategories was pointed out: high demands from supervisors and relatives, working with inexperienced nurses and work overload. The second category: physical health factors have three subcategories attached: violence from relatives, exposure from patients and poor ventilation availability. The last category named supportive health factors includes the two subcategories: Functioning teamwork and good protection measures for nurses. Conclusion: The nurses expressed factors and elements that had been affecting their work-related health in the Philippines. For future research these factors found in this study could be addressed to maintain and improve the nurses’ work-related health.

<p>Chefer har ofta en tung arbetsbörda och stora ansvarsområden, och den som präglar arbetsklimatet. Stress handlar om hur vi hanterar en stressfylld situation och hur rustade vi är att handskas med den stressfyllda situationen. Studien har gjorts med utgångspunkt från Karazek och Theorells krav och kontroll modell samt Hovmarks och Thomssons frågeformulär ASK. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om stressade chefer har en negativ inverkan på sina anställdas egna stress och hälsa. I undersökningen deltog mellanchefer och deras anställda, och genomfördes genom ett delvis riktat urval med enkäter. Resultaten låg i förväntad riktning utifrån använd modell. Tendens till förväntad negativ effekt av stress från chef på anställdas hälsa förelåg. Det låga deltagarantalet antas förklara utebliven signinifikans för prövade analysmodeller.</p>