Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Habitus scientifico »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les listes thématiques d’articles de revues, de livres, de thèses, de rapports de conférences et d’autres sources académiques sur le sujet « Habitus scientifico ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Articles de revues sur le sujet "Habitus scientifico"
1
Sobański, Remigiusz. "Prawo naturalne wśród przesłanek myśli kanonistycznej ks. Mariana Żurowskiego." Prawo Kanoniczne 41, no. 3-4 (1998): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.1998.41.3-4.02.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Praesentatur lectio habita in sessione scientifica convocata Varsaviae die 8.12.1998 a Facultate Iuris Canonici Academiae Theologiae Catholicae et a Sectione „Bobolanum” Pontificiae Facultatis Theologicae in commemorationem 10. anniversarii obitus Mariani Żurowski, professoris utriusque Facultatis. Delineatur iter eius formationis canonisticae, evolutae temporis praeparationis et laborum Concilii. Analisi subiciuntur scripta professoris fundamenta iuris canonici spectantes ad momentum iuris naturalis illic ab auctore perspectum enucleandum. Thema tamen principale et fructuosum in opere scientifico defuncti professoris iura innata hominis et christifidelis se ostendunt. Iura haec tuto tamquam habitus mentalis eius censeri possunt. Concluditur constatatione iuxta Marianum Żurowski hominem subiectum iurium nux omnis discursus de iure naturali esse.
2
Lenoir, Remi. "Scientific Habitus." Theory, Culture & Society 23, no. 6 (2006): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276406069774.
Texte intégral
3
Ivanova, Natalia A. "Scientific habitus: unity of differences." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filosofiya. Sotsiologiya. Politologiya, no. 2(30) (June 1, 2015): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/1998863x/30/3.
Texte intégral
4
Jeon, June. "Rethinking Scientific Habitus: Toward a Theory of Embodiment, Institutions, and Stratification of Science." Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 5 (July 3, 2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2019.303.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus has been largely absent in Science and Technology Studies (STS) despite its potential usefulness. In this essay, I develop the concept of scientific habitus as a useful way to think about scientific practices. I argue that scientific habitus may offer three contributions that illuminate scientists’ own micro-practices in relation to meso- and macro-level dynamics in the scientific field. First, the concept enables us to think of scientists’ worldviews and bodily techniques as objects of STS analysis. While the majority of STS scholars have focused on the construction of knowledge, scientific habitus allows us to study the construction of the scientists’ body and mind. Secondly, scientific habitus links individual practices with institutional contexts; it highlights how the micro-practices of individuals in scientific laboratories reflect and reproduce macro-social structural power dynamics. Third, scientific habitus reveals mechanisms of stratification within the scientific field. It helps unpack scientists’ practical decisions surrounding research topics, ideas, and data. It also helps explain why and how certain scientific projects are preferred and others left undone. Scientific habitus, therefore, has the potential to contribute to a more encompassing explanation of the relationship between societal structures and the internal logic of the scientific field.
5
Ding, Yuting, and Xu Sun. "SCIENTIFIC PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN MAINTAINING HEALTH." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 27, no. 3 (2021): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202127032021_0145.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ABSTRACT Introduction According to the 2015 National Physical Health Monitoring Report, most of the national physical health indicators have begun to rebound, but some people’s physical health is still declining. Object The thesis studies the problems existing in people’s physical exercise and guides the development of these people’s habits. Methods Our mathematical statistics and other research methods investigate the current situation of people’s physical exercise habits, and explore the factors that restrict habits from the factors that affect the formation of sports and fitness concepts. Result The proportion of people developing physical exercise habits is low. People invest less time and energy in physical exercise. Conclusion The less time and energy that people invest in physical exercise is the main reason that affects their belief in exercise and fitness and physical exercise habits. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
6
Aveni, Anthony. "Scientific Habits of Mind: Paradigms and Barriers: How Habits of Mind Govern Scientific Beliefs . Howard Margolis." American Anthropologist 96, no. 3 (1994): 695–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1994.96.3.02a00230.
Texte intégral
7
Kisel, Natalia K. "The Post-Academic Trend in the Evolution of Methodological Consciousness." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 64, no. 5 (2021): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2021-64-5-128-139.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The development of science at all stages of its penetration into a technogenic society is accompanied by changes in methodological consciousness in its various incarnations. However, preferring to analyze the metamorphoses of science as special knowledge about the world, to examine the evolution of its methodological tools, forms of structural and functional organization of scientific and cognitive activity, at the same time, modern research practices leave aside the evolution of methodological consciousness as such. Although, according to the author, analysis of this phenomenon makes possible to define, if not a paradigmatic, then at least a syntagmatic approach to the study of modern post-academic science. The representation of methodological consciousness can be carried out in different versions. The article considers its evolution at various levels of functioning – individual and supra-individual, embodied in the methodological innovations of science itself as well as in the philosophical and methodological discourse interconnected with it. The assertion of unique forms of methodological consciousness at the supraindividual level, in particular, characterizes the development of modern social physics, which combines syntagmatics, inter- and transdisciplinarity as strategies of scientific search. The evolution of methodological consciousness at the individual level is inextricably linked with the renewal of the scientific habitus of individual scientists. In the context of the commercialization of post-academic science, destructive changes in the qualities of scientific creativity and scientific ethos undoubtedly affect the mental and cognitive components of the scientific habits of researchers. For the majority of the scientific community, the transformation of the scientific habitus proceeds spontaneously. Awareness of the uniqueness of post-academic science today occurs mainly within the framework of philosophical and methodological discourse. The result of this process is problematized by the author as a phenomenon of “post-academic philosophy of science,” characterized by a number of features of a substantive, methodological, and institutional nature. The question of its correlation with the traditional philosophy of science, on the one hand, and with disciplinary strategies in the study of science, on the other, opens up prospects for the emergence of new paradigms of modern philosophical and methodological discourse.
8
Steinkuehler, Constance, and Sean Duncan. "Scientific Habits of Mind in Virtual Worlds." Journal of Science Education and Technology 17, no. 6 (2008): 530–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10956-008-9120-8.
Texte intégral
9
Taylor, David L. "Students Need Scientific Habits and Basic Concepts." Physics Today 56, no. 2 (2003): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1564330.
Texte intégral
10
Çalik, Muammer, and Richard Kevin Coll. "Investigating Socioscientific Issues via Scientific Habits of Mind: Development and validation of the Scientific Habits of Mind Survey." International Journal of Science Education 34, no. 12 (2012): 1909–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2012.685197.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Habitus scientifico"
1
CARRADORE, ROBERTO. "Il movimento cibernetico statunitense. Analisi sociologica di un campo scientifico interdisciplinare." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore - Istituto Italiano di Scienze Umane, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/200927.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'ambito in cui si colloca la presente ricerca è la problematica della comunicazione scientifica nella prospettiva della sociologia dei movimenti scientifici. Il movimento della cibernetica statunitense trova la sua rilevanza come oggetto sociologico in quanto fenomeno sui generis, caratterizzato da forme di sviluppo e di successo non direttamente connesse alla fase nascente. L'approccio della teoria del campo di Bourdieu ha costituito un punto di partenza per l'analisi, focalizzando l'attenzione sulle dinamiche processuali di costruzione ricostruzione dell'identità del movimento nel corso del tempo. La ricerca è composta da due approfondimenti tematici: nella prima parte sono state individuate ed esaminate tre fasi di vita del movimento cibernetico (nascente, organizzativa, istituzionale) nell'ottica della costruzione del campo e dell'habitus specifico; nella seconda parte, che consiste in un'analisi della fase organizzativa è stato osservato il contesto delle piccole conferenze interdisciplinari come luogo di riproduzione dell'habitus cibernetico. Il risultato che è emerso nel corso della ricerca consiste in una riconsiderazione della vicenda della cibernetica a partire dalla situazione sociale del suo sviluppo, e in particolare delle forme di comunicazione interna ed esterna al campo scientifico, fornendo così un contributo non solo per la storiografia ma anche per l'analisi sociologica della scienza.
2
Trulove, Nicholas F. "Social and Scientific Factors Impacting Mule Deer Habitat Conservation in the Intermountain West." Thesis, Prescott College, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1539500.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p> For mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) in the Intermountain West, alterations to habitat are outpacing strategies to mitigate human disturbance on critical seasonal ranges and migration routes. </p><p> Conserving mule deer habitat requires cooperation between a diverse group of stakeholders, state wildlife agencies, and federal land management agencies. The first chapter of this thesis explores the current and historical relationship between state wildlife agencies, citizen stakeholders, and federal agencies in order to highlight opportunities to improve cooperative habitat conservation in the United States. Conservation is a result of social, political, and economic action, but relies upon science to inform policy. The second chapter explores the seasonal habitat use of mule deer in southwestern Wyoming. In response to low fawn recruitment, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department deployed 15 GPS collars on adult female mule deer in an effort to enhance knowledge of mule deer population dynamics, migrations, and habitat use. The study captured two winter climate regimes, with greater winter severity during the 2010-11 winter compared to the winter of 2011-12. Deer migrated an average of 23.9 km (SE = 2.2) between seasonal ranges, and completed spring migrations nearly one month earlier following the milder winter of 2011-12 (<i>t</i>19 = 5.53, df = 19, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). Pooled, the average area of winter ranges (1057 ha, SE = 103, <i>n</i> = 26) was larger than summer ranges (423 ha, SE = 51 ha, <i>n</i> = 25) (<i>t</i> = −5.44, df = 49, <i>P</i> &le; 0.001), with no increase or decrease in size of seasonal ranges detected between years (<i>P</i> = 0.243) according to a post-hoc Tukey HSD test. Between years, deer were observed to shift the geographic center of winter ranges (2.9 km, SE = 1.1, <i> n</i> = 12) to a larger degree than summer ranges (0.4 km, SE = 0.1, <i> n</i> = 12) (<i>t</i> = −2.20, df = 22, <i>P</i> = 0.040). Survival and pregnancy rates (86% and 96%, respectively) correlated closely with other mule deer studies, and neither factor appears to negatively impact population growth. </p><p> Identifying seasonal ranges and migration routes, and quantifying seasonal habitat use, will assist Wyoming Game and Fish Department efforts to protect mule deer seasonal habitats and migration routes, and direct vegetation manipulations intended to improve the nutritional quality of habitats. On average, winter ranges included a later percentage of shrub-dominated habitat (83.8%, SE = 0.3, <i>n</i> = 26) than summer ranges (57.5%, SE = 2.0, <i> n</i> = 25) (<i>t</i> = −4.42, df = 49, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). Summer ranges averaged a greater proportion of agricultural lands (2.8%, SE = 1.1, <i>n</i> = 25) and aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides </i>) habitats (9.0%, SE = 2.2, <i>n</i> = 25) than winter ranges (0.1%, SE = 0.1, <i>n</i> = 26 and 0.2%, SE = 0.0, <i> n</i> = 26, respectively) (<i>t</i> = 3.03, df = 49, <i>P</i> = 0.004 and <i>t</i>= 3.86, df = 49, <i> P</i> ≤ 0.001, respectively). Mule deer ranges are primarily located on Bureau of Land Management (73%, SE = 2.8, <i>n</i> = 51) and privately owned (17.3%, SE = 2.9, <i>n</i> = 51) lands, highlighting opportunities for cooperative partnerships for mule deer habitat conservation. </p>
3
Chicarino, Angélica da Graça Gonçalves Palmeira [UNESP]. "Cultura científica: um estudo da relação entre cientistas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2009-07-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:42:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
chicarino_aggp_dr_bauru.pdf: 559447 bytes, checksum: 0dbaeaeece6727a08d8cfe36becb4bc1 (MD5)<br>Muitos questionamentos relativos ao conhecimento científico e tecnológico e sua pertinência social tem sido gerados em decorrência tanto do seu desenvolvimento quanto da especialização da ciência e da forma como ela se dividiu em setores e áreas do conhecimento. Este trabalho de constituição de significados culturais, visto pela perspectiva discursiva, busca, por meio de análise sistemática, identificar formações discursivas e, portanto, ideológicas, que constituem significações e correspondem, na prática, a pontos de vista, valores, escolhas e posições adotadas pelos cientistas, que são expressão de seus habitus, ao falarem à sociedade, abordando questões de ensino. Logo, o objetivo desta investigação é apreender, nos discursos de cientistas da pesquisa de base brasaileiros, aqui analisados, perspectivas relativas ao ensino de ciências que podem estar contribuindo para a formação de um imaginário da ciência desfavorável à perspectiva cultural proposta pela pesquisa em ensino e educação, bem como divisar possíveis pontos de sustentação da separação entre cientistas da pesquisa de base e os da aplicada, particularmente os estudiosos do ensino de ciências, que repercutem no não estabelecimento de uma perspectiva mais coesa sobre cultura científica em nosso país.<br>Many questions related to the scientific, and technological knowledge and their social relevance have been generated due to the science specialization and the form how it divided iself in sectors and areas of knowledge. This work of cultural meanings constitution, seen by the discourse perspective, seeks, by a systematic analysis, identify discursive formations and thus, ideological, that constitute meanings and are related to, in practice, points of view, values, choices and positions taken by scientists, that express their habitus, when they talk to the society about teaching issues. So, the intention of this work is to apprehend, in the discourses of the Brazilian scientists here studied, perspectives related to the teaching of sciences that could contribute to the the formation of an imaginary of the science unfavorable to the cultural perspective proposed by the research in education and teaching, also how to discern possible points of support of the separation between basic research scientists and applied research scientists that reverberate into the no establishment of a more unified perspective about scientific culture in our country.
4
Atayde, Vanessa Martins de. "Dinâmicas do reconhecimento: a (re) constituição do habitus do professor universitário." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2646.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
4956.pdf: 814055 bytes, checksum: 3318ae9e2a64773395cc6943e3393ba3 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-02-07<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>This study is the result of a field research theme of "social dynamics of recognition and the establishment of the university teacher habitus", made from semi-structured interviews that focused on family and school career / academic. The selected group of teachers was considered a department of excellence in science, from a public university in the state of São Paulo. Had we assume the formation of a habitus that is peculiar to these professionals and that related to the social construction of a professional identity and associated personnel rules and practices of academic-scientific. The objective was to analyze the existence of the relationship between the dynamics of recognition in the scientific field and the establishment of lasting provisions peculiar to their agents, which have shown to be associated with an ideal of performativity and success. In this perspective, from the use of qualitative research method and emphasis on discourse analysis as relevant social practice, we analyzed the relationships between values, choices and needs that guide individuals' sense of investment in scientific field; investment in their rules and their "game" peculiar.<br>Este estudo é resultado de uma pesquisa de campo, de tema dinâmicas sociais do reconhecimento e a constituição do habitus do professor universitário , realizada a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas que versavam sobre trajetória familiar e escolar/acadêmica. O grupo selecionado fora de professores de um departamento considerado de excelência no campo científico, de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo. Teve-se como hipótese a formação de um habitus que fosse peculiar a estes profissionais e que se relacionasse à construção social de uma identidade profissional e pessoal associada às normas e práticas do campo acadêmico-científico. Assim, objetivou-se analisar a existência da relação entre as dinâmicas do reconhecimento no campo científico e a constituição de disposições duradouras peculiares aos seus agentes, as quais demonstraram estar associadas a um ideal de performatividade e sucesso. Nesta perspectiva, a partir do emprego do método qualitativo de pesquisa e com ênfase na análise do discurso enquanto prática social relevante, foram analisadas as relações entre valores, escolhas e necessidades que orientam o senso de investimento dos indivíduos ao campo científico; ao investimento em suas regras e seu jogo peculiar.
5
Bonfante, Simone. "Docudipity: estensione di un ambiente per esplorare tendenze nella scrittura di articoli scientifici." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11956/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In questa tesi verrà mostrato un sistema innovativo, finalizzato a supportare l’esplorazione e l’analisi di collezioni di articoli scientifici. Il nome stesso, DocuDipity, deriva dall’unione di "Document" e "Serendipity", cioè fare scoperte inattese sui documenti e in particolare sul modo in cui i sono scritti.
Grazie a DocuDipity è possibile individuare particolare proprietà degli articoli, ad esempio la distribuzione delle citazioni o dei contributi di autori diversi, senza l’obbligo di sfogliare pagina per pagina gli articoli.
6
Chicarino, Angélica da Graça Gonçalves Palmeira. "Cultura científica : um estudo da relação entre cientistas /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Roberto Nardi<br>Banca: Claudio Bertolli Filho<br>Banca: Marcos Daniel Longuini<br>Banca: Ana Maria de Andrade Caldeira<br>Resumo: Muitos questionamentos relativos ao conhecimento científico e tecnológico e sua pertinência social tem sido gerados em decorrência tanto do seu desenvolvimento quanto da especialização da ciência e da forma como ela se dividiu em setores e áreas do conhecimento. Este trabalho de constituição de significados culturais, visto pela perspectiva discursiva, busca, por meio de análise sistemática, identificar formações discursivas e, portanto, ideológicas, que constituem significações e correspondem, na prática, a pontos de vista, valores, escolhas e posições adotadas pelos cientistas, que são expressão de seus habitus, ao falarem à sociedade, abordando questões de ensino. Logo, o objetivo desta investigação é apreender, nos discursos de cientistas da pesquisa de base brasaileiros, aqui analisados, perspectivas relativas ao ensino de ciências que podem estar contribuindo para a formação de um imaginário da ciência desfavorável à perspectiva cultural proposta pela pesquisa em ensino e educação, bem como divisar possíveis pontos de sustentação da separação entre cientistas da pesquisa de base e os da aplicada, particularmente os estudiosos do ensino de ciências, que repercutem no não estabelecimento de uma perspectiva mais coesa sobre cultura científica em nosso país.<br>Abstract: Many questions related to the scientific, and technological knowledge and their social relevance have been generated due to the science specialization and the form how it divided iself in sectors and areas of knowledge. This work of cultural meanings constitution, seen by the discourse perspective, seeks, by a systematic analysis, identify discursive formations and thus, ideological, that constitute meanings and are related to, in practice, points of view, values, choices and positions taken by scientists, that express their habitus, when they talk to the society about teaching issues. So, the intention of this work is to apprehend, in the discourses of the Brazilian scientists here studied, perspectives related to the teaching of sciences that could contribute to the the formation of an imaginary of the science unfavorable to the cultural perspective proposed by the research in education and teaching, also how to discern possible points of support of the separation between basic research scientists and applied research scientists that reverberate into the no establishment of a more unified perspective about scientific culture in our country.<br>Doutor
7
Lima, Adriana de Sousa. "Prática científica dos agentes nas pesquisas em estratégia nos programas stricto sensu em administração no brasil sob a ótica de bourdieu." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/851.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:05:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Adriana_ Lima.pdf: 3585771 bytes, checksum: 55fe63c30127542de19a062ec50a522c (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-06-09<br>The context of the scientific research can be considered as a scientific field, a social space
formed by power relations between agents which accumulate scientific capital. The operation
of this field produces and assumes a specific form of interest, contaminated by the knowledge
of the position occupied on the hierarchies established in the field that directly influence the
scientific practices choices. In this essay was aimed to understand the research agents
scientific practice in strategy in the academic programs in stricto sensu in Brazil, under the
Bourdieu's perspective. The research s strategy combined aspects of praxiology proposed by
Bourdieu with the study technique of collective case and involved statistical analysis with a
set of in-depth interviews. The main findings demonstrates that scientific practices perform as
a mechanical reaction, directly determined by the conditions that precede it, adjusted by the
requirements contained in the field structures. It was identified in the research, among the
epistemological approaches reviewed, the predominance of studies that seek to build objective
relations in which the social agent appears as a mere performer of something that is
objectively programmed, that is external and the hegemony of quantitative research. Finally, it
was noticed that the scientific practice of agents on research in strategy rely on the recognition
of a competence which, beyond the effects it produces, provides authority and contributes to
define not only game s rules but also its regularity<br>O contexto da pesquisa científica pode ser considerado como campo científico, um espaço
social formado por relações de força entre agentes que acumulam capital científico. O
funcionamento desse campo produz e supõe uma forma específica de interesses, contaminado
pelo conhecimento da posição ocupada nas hierarquias instituídas do campo e que
influenciam diretamente as escolhas das práticas científicas. O estudo que se apresenta buscou
compreender, sob a ótica de Bourdieu, a prática científica dos agentes das pesquisas em
estratégia nos programas acadêmicos stricto sensu em administração no Brasil. A estratégia
da pesquisa combinou aspectos da praxiologia proposta por Bourdieu e a técnica de estudo de
caso coletivo e envolveu análises estatísticas com um conjunto de entrevistas em
profundidade. Os principais achados demonstram que as práticas científicas funcionam como
uma reação mecânica, diretamente determinada pelas condições que a antecedem, ajustadas às
exigências inscritas nas estruturas do campo. Identificou-se, na pesquisa analisada, quanto às
abordagens epistemológicas revisadas, a predominância de estudos que buscam construir
relações objetivas em que o agente social aparece como mero executante de algo que se
encontra objetivamente programado, que lhe é exterior, e a hegemonia de pesquisas
quantitativas. Por fim, foi possível perceber que a prática científica dos agentes nas pesquisas
em estratégia repousa sobre o reconhecimento de uma competência que, para além dos efeitos
que ela produz, proporciona autoridade e contribui para definir não somente as regras do jogo,
mas também sua regularidade.
8
Senna, da Costa Mariano. "Attitudes, habits, norms and policies regarding co-authorship among forest scientists in Brazil." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19270.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Um Kernfragen zur Mehrautorenschaft in einer bestimmten Zielgruppe zu klären, konzentriert sich diese Arbeit auf Aspekte von technologischer Kompetenz, menschlicher Interaktion und institutioneller Leitlinien. Zuerst werden interdisziplinäre Argumente in Bezug zu Mehrautorenschaft aus den Sozialwissenschaften, Naturwissenschaften, Informatik und Geisteswissenschaften präsentiert.
Die Literaturübersicht enthält Statistiken zu Informationsnutzung, Beschreibung von Strategien des Wissensmanagements, Erforschung von Verhaltensmustern und Trends in der Kommunikationstechnologie, sowie Diskussionen einiger historischer, politischer und inhaltlicher Aspekte, welche die Anwendung des Internet als kollaboratives Werkzeug im akademischen Kontext beeinflussen können.
Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich auch mit einigen Kontroversen zur Konzeption von Wissenschaft und wissenschaftlicher Praktiken, welche indirekt mit der Problematik von wissenschaftlicher Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit, sowie Wissensproduktion in Zusammenhang stehen, insofern sie die Produktion Texten mit mehreren Autoren betreffen.
Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt der Arbeit befasst sich mir dem zur Zeit vorherrschenden System zur Evaluation akademischer Publikationen (Bibliometrie oder Scientometrie; QUALIS und SCIELO Systeme). Das vorhandene System für die Evaluation von Autoren ist in der Regel unfair /voreingenommen. Das liegt daran, das Statistiken leicht manipuliert werden können um einer bürokratischen und unternehmerischen Agenda zu folgen oder individuelle Interessen darzustellen, anstatt die wirklichen Verdienste eines Autors widerzuspiegeln.
Die Untersuchung wurde anhand von semi-strukturierten Interviews durchgeführt, in Kombination mit einer quantitativen Erhebung, welche drei miteinander verbundene Aspekte (technologische, institutionelle und kulturelle), die bei der in Mehrautorenschaft eine Rolle spielen, innerhalb des Graduiertenprogramms in 'Forest Engineering' an der Universidade Federal do Paraná (Brasilien) hervorheben sollte.<br>In order to verify core issues for co-authorship in a specific audience, the current work focus on technological literacy, human interaction, and institutional policy. It first presents an interdisciplinary collection of arguments from social sciences, natural sciences, computer sciences, and humanities about scientific collaboration, especially regarding co-authorship activities.
This literature review includes statistics on information usage, description of knowledge management strategies, exploration of behavioral patterns, communication technology trends, and discussions of some historical, political and contextual elements that may be influencing the application of the Internet as a collaborative tool within academic contexts.
It also draws back few controversies about the concept of science and its practices, which are indirectly related to the problematic of scholarly communication, scientific collaboration, and knowledge production. The investigation targets these activities in what they concern the production of co-authored texts.
A special focus of this work targets the current mainstream system of academic publishing ranking and evaluation (Bibliometrics or Scientometrics; QUALIS and SCIELO systems). The existing measurement system for the ranking of authors is generally an unfair/biased system, as statistics can easily be manipulated by a bureaucratic and corporate agenda, or by individual interests, rather than representing the real merit of an author.
The inquiry applies a semi-structured in-depth interview combined with a quantitative survey intending to reveal three interrelated aspects (Technological, Institutional, and Cultural) involved in co-authorship activities within the Graduate Program in Forest Engineering at the Federal University of Paraná/Brazil.
9
Tyne, Julian. "A scientific foundation for informed management decisions: Quantifying the abundance, important habitat and cumulative exposure of the Hawaii Island spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) stock to human activities." Thesis, Tyne, Julian ORCID: 0000-0002-0676-5659 (2015) A scientific foundation for informed management decisions: Quantifying the abundance, important habitat and cumulative exposure of the Hawaii Island spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) stock to human activities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/27843/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Coastal dolphin populations are exposed to non-consumptive human activities that can pose conservation challenges. Consequently, effective management strategies, using rigorous scientific assessments of exposed populations, are needed to mitigate any potential negative impacts of these activities. To inform management decisions for the conservation of the Hawaii Island spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) stock, I: (i) estimated abundance and survival rates; (ii) measured the effectiveness of various sampling scenarios to detect changes in abundance; (iii) identified important spinner dolphin resting habitats; and (iv) measured cumulative exposure to human activities. Between September 2010 and March 2013, boat-based and land-based sampling was undertaken to collect dolphin photo-identification, group behaviour and acoustic data from both inside and outside four important spinner dolphin resting bays on the Kona Coast of Hawaii Island. Between years, independent survival rate estimates were similar (0.97 ± 0.05 SE), and abundance estimates of 631 (95% CI 524-761) and 668 (95% CI 556-801; CV =0.09) were very consistent. At this precision, and with 95% power and a monitoring interval of three years, a 5% change in abundance would not be detected for 12 years. I documented that should resting spinner dolphins be displaced from resting bays, they are unlikely to engage in rest behaviour elsewhere. When resting inside bays, dolphins were most likely to rest between 10:00-14:00, and over sandy substrates. Individual spinner dolphins spent between 49.5% and 69.4% of daytime resting (mean = 61.7%). Dolphins were chronically and repeatedly exposed to human activities during daytime hours (> 82% of time), with a median duration of only ten min between interactions. The short interval between interactions may prevent recovery from disturbance and deprive individuals of rest and change their sleep state from “deep” to “light”. Rest deprivation and the disruption of sleep can lead to impaired cognitive abilities and ultimately effect population viability. These data provide a firm baseline for urgent consideration by managers to evaluate the risks to the spinner dolphins of Hawaii Island, potential pathways for mitigating human interactions and ways to measure the success of management interventions.
10
Forsberg, Victoria. "Effects of population size and environmental factors on habitat choice and migration patterns of the Eastern Baltic Sea cod (Gadus morhua callarias) : consequences for stock assessment." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-17228.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The subject matter of this Bachelor´s thesis is the Eastern Baltic Sea cod. A literature review has been done regarding how environmental factors such as salinity, oxygen supply and temperature but also the size of the cod populations affects the migration patterns and the habitat choice of the cod. The result of the review shows that, when the eastern Baltic cod population is small, its area of distribution is restricted to the southern parts of the Baltic Sea. Moreover, high salinity leads to a larger area of distribution, while low oxygen content in the Deep Basins leads to vertical migrations, as well as further migrations south and north, to areas with better hydrological conditions. Finally the the cod tend to prefer habitats with warmer water, if the oxygen and salinity conditions are suitable, at least during the spawning period. This thesis also include estimation on how well the annual scientific trawl surveys performed by coastal Baltic countries, reflects the actual cod population size. This estimation is partly based on a critical review of available information about the trawl survey design in relation to cod migration patterns, distribution and habitat choice. Furthermore, a test has been done of how well the annual stock size estimates for the latest year, presented in the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Annual Reports of the Baltic Fisheries Assessment Working Group (WGBFAS), between the years 1996-2009 reflected the best available stock size estimates from 2010. The results indicate that the scientific trawl surveys might not work satisfactory. This indicates that further research must be done in the field, therefore possible alternatives such as comparisons of positioning data of commercial and scientific trawls and interviews with fishermen are suggested.<br>Denna uppsats handlar om torsken i det östra Östersjöbeståndet. En litteratursammanfattning har gjorts gällande hur miljömässiga faktorer såsom salthalt, syretillgång, temperatur samt storleken på bestånden påverkar migrationsmönster och habitatval hos torsken. Resultaten visar bland annat att när torskbestånden är små blir torskens utbredningsområden begränsade till de södra delarna av Östersjön. Höga salthalter leder till större utbredningsområden medan låga syrehalter i djupbassängerna leder till vertikala migrationer såväl som längre migrationer söder och norr om bassängerna, till områden med bättre syretillgång. Torsken verkar dessutom föredra habitat med varmare vatten om syre- och salthaltsförhållandena är gynnsamma, åtminstone under lekperioden. Vidare inkluderar denna uppsats en bedömning av hur väl de årliga vetenskapliga trålningsundersökningarna som utförs av länder med kust mot Östersjön, återspeglar den faktiska storleken på torskbestånden. Denna bedömning baseras på en kritisk granskning av den information som finns tillgänglig gällande de vetenskapliga trålningsundersökningarna, i förhållande till torskens migrationsmönster, distribution och habitatval. Dessutom har ett test gjorts av hur väl de årliga beståndsuppskattningarna för 1996-2009 presenterade i International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Annual Report of the Baltic Sea Fisheries Assessment Working Group (WGBFAS), reflekterar de bästa tillgängliga beståndsuppskattningarna från 2010. Resultaten indikerar att de vetenskapliga provtrålningsundersökningarna inte fungerar tillfredsställande, vilket visar på att vidare studier måste göras inom området. Möjliga alternativ, såsom jämförelser av positioneringsdata för kommersiell- samt vetenskaplig trålning, samt intervjuer med yrkesfiskare presenteras.
Livres sur le sujet "Habitus scientifico"
1
Paradigms & barriers: How habits of mind govern scientific beliefs. University of Chicago Press, 1993.
Trouver le texte intégral
2
Damm, Ursula, and Mindaugas Gapsevicius, eds. Shared Habitats. transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839456477.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The interactions between artistic, technical, scientific, living, and nonliving things have inspired new artistic approaches. The contributors to this volume either relate to theoretical discourses raised by artworks, show how young artists today approach cultural issues, or develop situations of living together with other species. All the contributions to this publication by writers, artists, technologies, and other organisms invite the reader into new experiences and new imaginaries. The reader is also invited to rethink the role of art and the role of the artist within umwelts, milieus, and habitats.
3
Dey, Paul D. Videographic habitat analysis on the Spence-Moriarity Wildlife Habitat Management Unit. Wyoming Game and Fish Dept., Fish Division, 1996.
Trouver le texte intégral
4
Cristofoli, Roberto. L' alimentazione nell'antica Roma: Aspetti storici, scientifici e sociali. Il calamo, 2005.
Trouver le texte intégral
5
Fostering scientific habits of mind: Pedagogical knowledge and best practices in science education. Sense Publishers, 2009.
Trouver le texte intégral
6
Heiser, Maggie. Oscar's ocean: A simulation of a scientific cruise to explore the ocean's habitat. Interaction Publishers, 1991.
Trouver le texte intégral
7
P, Hayes John. An independent scientific review of Oregon Department of Forestry's proposed western Oregon state forests habitat conservation plan. Dept. of Forest Sciences, College of Forestry, Oregon State University?, 1998.
Trouver le texte intégral
8
Simon, Matthias. Ecology and conservation of bats in villages and towns: Results of the scientific part of the testing & development project "Creating a network of roost sites for bat species inhabiting human settlement". Bundesamt für Naturschutz, 2004.
Trouver le texte intégral
9
1932-, Katayama Tadao, ed. Studies on distribution and ecotypic differentiations of wild and cultivated rice species in Africa: Report of the overseas scientific ... Kagoshima University, Research Center for South Pacific, 1987.
Trouver le texte intégral
10
1928-, Hayasaka Shōzō, ed. Marine ecological study on the habitat of Nautilus Pompilus in Fuji (the second operation): Report of the Monbusho International scientific research program = [Monbushō kagaku kenkyūhi kaigai gakujutsu chōsa hōkoku]. Kagoshima University Research Center for the South Pacific, 1988.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Habitus scientifico"
1
Crangle, Colleen. "Command Satisfaction and the Acquisition of Habits." In Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher. Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1152-2_10.
Texte intégral
2
Innes, Jr, William C. "Power, Habitus, and Material Practice (1970–Present)." In Popular Culture, Religion and Society. A Social-Scientific Approach. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69974-1_3.
Texte intégral
3
Sholl, David S. "The Seven Habits of Highly Ineffective Researchers." In Success and Creativity in Scientific Research. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003107095-3.
Texte intégral
4
Hirche, Hans-Jürgen. "Zooplankton Habitats of the Greenland Sea." In Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2957-8_12.
Texte intégral
5
Dyreson, Mark. "Scientific Habits of Mind, Technological Revolutions, and American Sport." In A Companion to American Sport History. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118609446.ch5.
Texte intégral
6
Kyyak, Volodymyr. "Dispersal of Plants in Remote Arctic-Alpine Habitats." In Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2957-8_18.
Texte intégral
7
Zuckerberg, Benjamin, Falk Huettmann, and Jacqueline Frair. "Proper Data Management as a Scientific Foundation for Reliable Species Distribution Modeling." In Predictive Species and Habitat Modeling in Landscape Ecology. Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7390-0_4.
Texte intégral
8
Valavanis, Vasilis D. "Preface: European Commission’s’ scientific Support to Policies’ Action EnviEFH: Environmental Approach to Essential Fish Habitat Designation." In Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4_1.
Texte intégral
9
Jakimaviči ūtė, Irma. "Protection of Rare Species and Habitats in the Armed Forces of Lithuania." In Defense and the Environment: Effective Scientific Communication. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2084-8_23.
Texte intégral
10
Grimm, Wolfgang. "Protection of Natural Habitats within the Military Land, Experiences from U.S. Army, Europe." In Defense and the Environment: Effective Scientific Communication. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2084-8_25.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Habitus scientifico"
1
Jakubec, Pavel, Santiago Montoya-Molina, Jarin Qubaiova, Martin Novak, and Martina Vetrovska. "BIOTOPE PREFERENCES OF OICEOPTOMA THORACICUM (COLEOPTERA: SILPHIDAE)." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Biotope or habitat preferences are important species characteristics that can be used for understanding their ecology, as well as their conservation, and even as a tool for crime investigations for detection of post-mortem body manipulation. However, the characterization of species� habitat preferences can be difficult. There are several limiting factors like lack of quantitative data and reliance on anecdotal evidence for this trait. Further, we must consider the reaction to the border between two neighboring habitats. These ecotones are important biodiversity hotspots in the landscape, which combine characteristics of both habitats, but some specialist species seem to avoid them. To characterize habitat preference of the potentially forensically important necrophagous beetle Oiceoptoma thoracicum (Linnaeus, 1758), we set up an experiment in the transition zone between the meadow and forest habitat. The individuals of O. thoracicum were collected using baited pitfall traps across two habitats and at ecotone. The traps were exposed for two weeks after which the samples were taken to the laboratory, where they were sorted and the specimens of O. thoracicum were sexed and counted. The obtained data were evaluated by a generalized linear model to establish the relationship between the presence and abundance of the focal species and distance from the ecotone. We found that the abundance of the species significantly changes along the forest-meadow gradient and shows a preference for woods. Its abundances at the ecotone and on meadows was low, showing a clear preference for forest habitats. This has important implications for the forensic use of the species, as it can be used to detect post-mortem body manipulation.
2
A.V., Shokurova, Anishchenko O. V., Kashinskaya E.N., and Solovyev M.M. "THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF BILE OF SOME MARINE AND FRESHWATER FISH SPECIES AND ITS POSSIBLE PRACTICAL APPLICATION IN AQUACULTURE." In II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.29-31.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The elemental composition of the bile of 429 fish individuals of 21 species of freshwater and marine fish has studied. Macroelements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S), regardless of the diets and habitat of fish, were in the highest concentrations if compare to other elements. However, it is possible to note some differences in the concentrations of such macronutrients as K and Na between marine and freshwater species. Cu, Li and Sr were found in the bile of all studied freshwater species, while bile form marine species has always contained elements such as As, Cu, Li, Se and Sr. At the same time, Bi, Cd, Mo and Tl were absent in most species of both freshwater and marine fishes. Statistical analysis has revealed that such factors as “feeding habits”, “habit”, “season” and “year" had a significant effect on the elemental composition of fish bile. The obtained data of the elemental composition of bile are applicable to the creation of selective artificial nutrient media and species-specific feeds.
3
Prokopovich, A. K., O. N. Yaroslavtseva, and V. Y. Kryukov. "MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI BEAUVERIA AND METARHIZIUM OF THE UPPER OBRIA AND THEIR STATIONARY ASSOCIATION." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-74.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Molecular phylogeny of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium, Beauveria (199 Isolates) from different biocenoses of two climatic zones of the Novosibirsk Region (Western Siberia) was conducted using translation elongation factor gene (EF1a) sequence. Three species of Metarhizium and two species of Beauveria were identified: M. robertsii (54 isolates) M. brunneum (35 isolates) and M. pemphigum (2 isolates) B. bassiana (19 isolates) and B. pseudobassiana (9 isolates). Analisys of spatial distribution showed that M. robertsii preferred more xerophile habitats compared to M. brunneum. Moreover, genetic groups with different habitat association were revealed within M. robertsii. There are no differences in habitat association were registered for Beauveria species.
4
Miletić-Stepanović, Vesna. "GAMBLING AS THE TOURIST HABITUS." In 6th INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE GEOBALCANICA 2020. Geobalcanica Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18509/gbp.2020.57.
Texte intégral
5
Harrison, Ariane Lourie. "Architecture and Analogous Habitats." In AIA/ACSA Intersections Conference. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.20.5.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Harrison Atelier proposes architecture for multiple species in projects that range from pavilion-scale agricultural infrastructure to speculations for new urban ecologies. Such built work represents the application of principles from architectural theories of the posthuman, namely a focus that seeks to integrate habitats for non-humans into architectural design concerns. The Pollinators Pavilion by architect Ariane Harrison, seeks a larger role for architecture in environmental activism and focuses on biodiversity conservation and materials exploration. Harrison Atelier uses artificial intelligence and automated scientific monitoring strategies to create and analyze habitat systems and increase building awareness.
6
Margaritova, Violeta. "STUDY ON EXPLOSIVE POWER OF LOWER LIMBS IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/27.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ABSTRACT Explosive power is a motor quality with wide application and need for development in various sports. Every sport requires different methods and training. For this reason, we have conducted some experimental work, whose goal is to do more specific research on explosive power in rhythmic gymnastics. The aim of the experiment is to study the development of motor quality “explosive power of the lower limbs” and the transfer of motor habits among 10 – 12-year-old female gymnasts. An experimental methodology consisting of 12 exercises for the development of explosive power of lower limbs has been applied for 2 months (3 times a week) to the experimental group. The “Vertical Jump”, “Split Leap” and “Turning Split Leap” tests were used to check the transfer of motor habits. The analysis of the results has showed that after the sports-pedagogical experiment, the experimental group significantly improved their results – by 4,30 cm on the “Vertical Jump” test and by 16,10 cm on the “Standing Long Jump” test. We found a positive transfer of motor habit when comparing the results between “Vertical Jump” and “Split Leap”. The study gives us reason to conclude that the experimental methodology, developed and applied in this study, works and can be used in coaching practice. Significant development of explosive power of lower limbs has been achieved in the 10- 12-year-old gymnasts and the ease of performing jumps was increased as well, which helps them to more easily learn and master their technical performance according to the requirements of rhythmic gymnastics and the FIG Code of Points.
7
Alkiyumi, Mohammed. "THE TRANSITION OF MIND HABITS TOWARDS WRITING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2016.1862.
Texte intégral
8
Szarková, Xénia. "Slovak Young Adults and Their Beer Consumption Habits." In International Scientific Days 2022. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/isd2022.s3.13.
Texte intégral
9
Zobov, Dmitry Nikolaevich. "Bad habits in modern Russian society." In XII International Student Scientific and Practical Conference, chair Elena Nikolaevna Lobanova. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-115889.
Texte intégral
10
Kimmer, David. "EATING HABITS IN ADOLESCENTS." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/3.3/s12.025.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Habitus scientifico"
1
Douglas, Thomas, M. Jorgenson, Hélène Genet, Bruce Marcot, and Patricia Nelsen. Interior Alaska DoD training land wildlife habitat vulnerability to permafrost thaw, an altered fire regime, and hydrologic changes. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43146.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Climate change and intensification of disturbance regimes are increasing the vulnerability of interior Alaska Department of Defense (DoD) training ranges to widespread land cover and hydrologic changes. This is expected to have profound impacts on wildlife habitats, conservation objectives, permitting requirements, and military training activities. The objective of this three-year research effort was to provide United States Army Alaska Garrison Fort Wainwright, Alaska (USAG-FWA) training land managers a scientific-based geospatial framework to assess wildlife habitat distribution and trajectories of change and to identify vulnerable wildlife species whose habitats and resources are likely to decline in response to permafrost degradation, changing wildfire regimes, and hydrologic reorganization projected to 2100. We linked field measurements, data synthesis, repeat imagery analyses, remote sensing measurements, and model simulations focused on land cover dynamics and wildlife habitat characteristics to identify suites of wildlife species most vulnerable to climate change. From this, we created a robust database linking vegetation, soil, and environmental characteristics across interior Alaska training ranges. The framework used is designed to support decision making for conservation management and habitat monitoring, land use, infrastructure development, and adaptive management across the interior Alaska DoD cantonment and training land domain.
2
Or, Dani, Shmulik Friedman, and Jeanette Norton. Physical processes affecting microbial habitats and activity in unsaturated agricultural soils. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587239.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
experimental methods for quantifying effects of water content and other dynamic environmental factors on bacterial growth in partially-saturated soils. Towards this end we reviewed critically the relevant scientific literature and performed theoretical and experimental studies of bacterial growth and activity in modeled, idealized and real unsaturated soils. The natural wetting-drying cycles common to agricultural soils affect water content and liquid organization resulting in fragmentation of aquatic habitats and limit hydraulic connections. Consequently, substrate diffusion pathways to soil microbial communities become limiting and reduce nutrient fluxes, microbial growth, and mobility. Key elements that govern the extent and manifestation of such ubiquitous interactions include characteristics of diffusion pathways and pore space, the timing, duration, and extent of environmental perturbations, the nature of microbiological adjustments (short-term and longterm), and spatial distribution and properties of EPS clusters (microcolonies). Of these key elements we have chosen to focus on a manageable subset namely on modeling microbial growth and coexistence on simple rough surfaces, and experiments on bacterial growth in variably saturated sand samples and columns. Our extensive review paper providing a definitive “snap-shot” of present scientific understanding of microbial behavior in unsaturated soils revealed a lack of modeling tools that are essential for enhanced predictability of microbial processes in soils. We therefore embarked on two pronged approach of development of simple microbial growth models based on diffusion-reaction principles to incorporate key controls for microbial activity in soils such as diffusion coefficients and temporal variations in soil water content (and related substrate diffusion rates), and development of new methodologies in support of experiments on microbial growth in simple and observable porous media under controlled water status conditions. Experimental efforts led to a series of microbial growth experiments in granular media under variable saturation and ambient conditions, and introduction of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to study cell size, morphology and multi-cell arrangement at a high resolution from growth experiments in various porous media. The modeling efforts elucidated important links between unsaturated conditions and microbial coexistence which is believed to support the unparallel diversity found in soils. We examined the role of spatial and temporal variation in hydration conditions (such as exist in agricultural soils) on local growth rates and on interactions between two competing microbial species. Interestingly, the complexity of soil spaces and aquatic niches are necessary for supporting a rich microbial diversity and the wide array of microbial functions in unsaturated soils. This project supported collaboration between soil physicists and soil microbiologist that is absolutely essential for making progress in both disciplines. It provided a few basic tools (models, parameterization) for guiding future experiments and for gathering key information necessary for prediction of biological processes in agricultural soils. The project sparked a series of ongoing studies (at DTU and EPFL and in the ARO) into effects of soil hydration dynamics on microbial survival strategy under short term and prolonged desiccation (important for general scientific and agricultural applications).
3
Schmidt, A. M., and R. A. Smidt. Scientific analysis of the status of designated Natura 2000 areas and the protection of nitrogen-sensitive species and habitats : Dutch contribution. Wageningen Environmental Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/447946.
Texte intégral
4
Saltus, Christina, and Eric Britzke. Literature review : macrohabitat metrics to identify presence of chiroptera on the landscape in the United States. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45523.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This special report reviews current scientific literature to identify the most commonly cited metrics used to describe the macrohabitat criteria important for Chiroptera presence in the United States. The review evaluates 69 scientific articles from 1994 to 2018. The most commonly cited metrics were divided into four main categories: tree-species-level metrics, landscape-level metrics, distance metrics, and topographic and atmospheric metrics. Of all metrics found, the top six most common metrics noted across all articles were percent canopy cover, diameter at breast height (DBH), forest type, distance to water, distance to roads or other urban features, and tree density. In addition, 27 of the 47 (57%) bat species located within the United States were represented. These metrics provide important insight into the regional or national species-level distribution and assist with modeling the relationship between species distribution and habitat change.
5
Lindquist, Christine, and Tasseli McKay. Sexual Harassment Experiences and Consequences for Women Faculty in Science, Engineering, and Medicine. RTI Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.pb.0018.1806.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In a qualitative study of 40 women faculty in sciences, engineering, and medicine (http://sites.nationalacademies.org/SexualHarrassment.htm), respondents at all career levels and fields reported a range of sexual harassment experiences, including gender-based harassment (e.g., gendered insults, lewd comments), unwanted sexual advances, stalking, and sexual assault by a colleague. Sexual harassment experiences often diminished study participants' scientific productivity as energy was diverted into efforts to process emotional responses, manage the perpetrator, report the harassment, or work to prevent recurrences. Many women who experienced sexual harassment adjusted their work habits and withdrew physically or interpersonally from their departments, colleagues, and fields. Study participants who disclosed harassment to a supervisor or department leader often reported that the reactions they received made them feel dismissed and minimized. Sympathetic responses were often met with dismissiveness, minimization, or sympathy, but active or formal support was rarely provided, and women were typically discouraged from pursuing further action. Formal reporting using university procedures was often avoided. University-level reporting sometimes damaged women's relationships with department colleagues. Women who disclosed their experiences often faced long-term, negative impacts on their careers. Study participants identified opportunities to address sexual harassment by (1) harnessing the power of university leaders, department leaders, and peer bystanders to affect the academic climate; (2) instituting stronger and better-enforced institutional policies on sexual harassment with clear and appropriate consequences for perpetrators; and (3) advancing the cross-institutional work of scientific and professional societies to change the culture in their fields.
6
Khan, Mahreen. The Environmental Impacts of War and Conflict. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.060.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In modern warfare, the first widely acknowledged scientific study and documented case of environmental damage during conflict was the (direct and deliberate) use of Agent Orange and other toxic chemicals by US forces, from 1961-1971, during the Vietnam War in a policy known as herbicide. The Vietnam War has been relatively well documented for the sheer horror and magnitude of the devastation to natural habitats and because it was the first war where television and global media brought vivid images and accounts into people’s homes, making the war a matter of political and public conscience This helped stir academic and scientific interest and facilitated evidence collection and documentation of environmental damages. This helpdesk report is a rapid literature review on the main environmental impacts of war and conflict, drawing primarily on academic, and peer reviewed literature and only some policy and practitioner sources, as per the request. Where current situations are discussed, such as the ongoing Ukraine war, a few blogs are referred to. Within the literature focused on the environmental impacts of conflict, common case studies include: the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) bombing of Kosovo (1999), and the conflict in the Donbas region of Ukraine (2014). Interestingly there is comparatively less literature on the conflicts in Afghanistan (2001-2021), the Iraq-Iran War (1980-1988), the Gulf Wars (1991 and 2003), the Yemeni civil war (2014 – present) and the ongoing war in Syria (since 2011) despite their relatively greater severity, intensity and duration.
7
Gottlieb, Yuval, and Bradley A. Mullens. Might Bacterial Symbionts Influence Vectorial Capacity of Biting Midges for Ruminant Viruses? United States Department of Agriculture, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7699837.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
- Original objectives and revision: The feasibility study performed in the last year was aimed at determining the symbiotic profiles of eight selected Culicoidesspecies in Israel and the USA by: Comparing bacterial communities among geographic populations of primary bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors. Comparing bacterial communities between adults of field-collected, mammal-feeding BTV vectors and non-vectors. Comparing bacterial communities within and between mammal feeders and bird feeders, with special attention to species with unique immature habitats. We made an effort to collect the eight species during the beginning of the project, however, due to the short available collection season, and the significant changes in habitats available for Israeli Culicoides, we initially determined the symbiotic profile of five species: two BTV vectors (C. sonorensis, C. imicola), one mammal feeders with unknown vectoring ability (C. schultzei), one bird feeder (C. crepuscularis), and one unique habitat species (C. cacticola). In addition, upon preliminary symbiont identification we focused our effort on relevant specific symbionts. Background: Biting midges (Culicoides, Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of many major viral diseases affecting farm animals, including BT, which is listed among the most damaging by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and has recently emerged in completely unexpected areas (Northern Europe). One of the strategies to reduce the vectorial capacity of insect vectors is by manipulating their specific symbionts either to affect the vector species or to influence performance of the disease agent within it. Despite significant efforts to elucidate the vectorial capacity of certain Culicoidesspecies, and the critical basis of variability in infection, almost no attention has been given to symbiotic interactions between the vector and its bacterial tenants. It is now established that bacterial symbionts have major influences on their host biology, and may interact with disease agents vectored by their hosts. - Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: During the feasibility project we have found two major bacterial symbionts in Israeli and American Culicoides. In Israel we discovered that C. imicola, a known vector of BT, and C. schultzeigp. a suspected vector of BT, carry the symbiotic bacterium Cardinium, a reproductive manipulator symbiont. In C. imicolathe infection rate was close to 50%, and in C. schultzeiit was lower, and restricted to one of two species within Schultzeigroup. In 3 American species (C. sonorensis, C. crepuscularis, C. cacticola) we found the bacterium Burkholderiasp. In all species tested we have also found other bacterial species in diverse quantities and frequencies. - Implications, both scientific and agricultural: Finding specific symbionts in Culicoidesvector species is the first step in developing symbiont based control (SBC) strategies. Both identified symbionts are known from other insects, and Cardiniumis also known as a reproductive manipulator that can cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, an important phenomenon that can be used for spreading desired traits in infected populations. The role of the symbionts in Culicoideshost can be target for manipulation to reduce the vectorial capacity of the host by either changing its fitness so that it is unable to serve as a vector, or by directly changing the symbiont in a way that will affect the performance of the disease agent in its vector. Since Burkholderiaperhaps can be cultured independently of the host, it is a promising candidate for the later option. Thus, we have now opened the door for studying the specific interactions between symbionts and vector species.
8
Rinkevich, Baruch, and Cynthia Hunter. Inland mariculture of reef corals amenable for the ornamental trade. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695880.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The worldwide market for ornamental saltwater invertebrates supplies the needs of millions of aquarium hobbyists, public exhibitions (i.e., zoos) universities and research institutions. With respect to reef building corals, it is estimated that more than half a million coral colonies/year from a total 93 genera, were exported globally during the period of 1985-1997. International value of retail sale of live coral trade alone is estimated as $78 million in 1997 (not including the illegally, widely smuggled material). The continuous, large-scale collection of marine organisms is responsible, in many places, for the destruction of coral reefs. The expected expansion of the trade further threatens these fragile habitats. While no true captive-bred corals are commercially available, our long-term goal is to develop ex situ inland farming of coral colonies that will circumvent the need for in situ collections and will provide domesticated specimens for the trade and for research. We simultaneously studied two model branching coral species, Stylophora pistillata (Pocilloporidae; in Israel) and Porites (Poritidae; in the US). The proposal included three specific aims: (a) To develop protocols for nubbins (small fragments, down to the size of a single polyp) usage in coral farming;(b) To address the significance of colony pattern formation to the coral trade; and (c) To develop the protocols of using nubbins in physiological and ecotoxicological assays (using oil dispersants, the expression of the stress protein HSP-70, household detergents, etc.). Ten scientific publications (published manuscripts, accepted for publications, submitted to scientific journals, in preparation), revealing results that were related to all three specific aims, originated from this BARD proposal. As a result of the work supported by the BARD, we have now, in hand, original and improved protocols for coral maintenance ex situ, proven expertise on manipulating coral colonies’ pattern formation and biological knowledge on island mariculture of reef corals (from Hawaii and from the Red Sea) amenable for the ornamental trade (for public and private aquaria use, for experimentation). At least one Israeli company (Red Sea Corals, Ltd., KibbutzSaar) is using our methodologies for further developing this new mariculture sector. We are now in the process of introducing the rationale and methodologies to Hawaiian private entities to expand dissemination of the research outcomes.
9
Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, et al. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
10
Abbo, Shahal, Hongbin Zhang, Clarice Coyne, Amir Sherman, Dan Shtienberg, and George J. Vandemark. Winter chickpea; towards a new winter pulse for the semiarid Pacific Northwest and wider adaptation in the Mediterranean basin. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7597909.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Original objectives: [a] Screen an array of chickpea and wild annual Cicer germplasm for winter survival. [b] Genetic analysis of winter hardiness in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [c] Genetic analysis of vernalization response in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [d] Digital expression analysis of a core selection of breeding and germplasm lines of chickpea that differ in winter hardiness and vernalization. [e] Identification of the genes involved in the chickpea winter hardiness and vernalization and construction of gene network controlling these traits. [f] Assessing the phenotypic and genetic correlations between winter hardiness, vernalization response and Ascochyta blight response in chickpea. The complexity of the vernalization response and the inefficiency of our selection experiments (below) required quitting the work on ascochyta response in the framework of this project. Background to the subject: Since its introduction to the Palouse region of WA and Idaho, and the northern Great Plains, chickpea has been a spring rotation legume due to lack of winter hardiness. The short growing season of spring chickpea limits its grain yield and leaves relatively little stubble residue for combating soil erosion. In Israel, chilling temperatures limit pod setting in early springs and narrow the effective reproductive time window of the crop. Winter hardiness and vernalization response of chickpea alleles were lost due to a series of evolutionary bottlenecks; however, such alleles are prevalent in its wild progenitor’s genepool. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: It appears that both vernalization response and winter hardiness are polygenic traits in the wild-domesticated chickpea genepool. The main conclusion from the fieldwork in Israel is that selection of domesticated winter hardy and vernalization responsive types should be conducted in late flowering and late maturity backgrounds to minimize interference by daylength and temperature response alleles (see our Plant Breeding paper on the subject). The main conclusion from the US winter-hardiness studies is that excellent lines have been identified for germplasm release and continued genetic study. Several of the lines have good seed size and growth habit that will be useful for introgressing winter-hardiness into current chickpea cultivars to develop releases for autumn sowing. We sequenced the transcriptomes and profiled the expression of genes in 87 samples. Differential expression analysis identified a total of 2,452 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between vernalized plants and control plants, of which 287 were shared between two or more Cicer species studied. We cloned 498 genes controlling vernalization, named CVRN genes. Each of the CVRN genes contributes to flowering date advance (FDA) by 3.85% - 10.71%, but 413 (83%) other genes had negative effects on FDA, while only 83 (17%) had positive effects on FDA, when the plant is exposed to cold temperature. The cloned CVRN genes provide new toolkits and knowledge to develop chickpea cultivars that are suitable for autumn-sowing. Scientific & agricultural implications: Unlike the winter cereals (barley, wheat) or pea, in which a single allelic change may induce a switch from winter to spring habit, we were unable to find any evidence for such major gene action in chickpea. In agricultural terms this means that an alternative strategy must be employed in order to isolate late flowering – ascochyta resistant (winter types) domesticated forms to enable autumn sowing of chickpea in the US Great Plains. An environment was identified in U.S. (eastern Washington) where autumn-sown chickpea production is possible using the levels of winter-hardiness discovered once backcrossed into advanced cultivated material with acceptable agronomic traits. The cloned CVRN genes and identified gene networks significantly advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying plant vernalization in general, and chickpea in particular, and provide a new toolkit for switching chickpea from a spring-sowing to autumn-sowing crop.