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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Health inequality of opportunity migrants Europe »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Health inequality of opportunity migrants Europe"
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Fotaki, Marianna. « A Crisis of Humanitarianism : Refugees at the Gates of Europe ». International Journal of Health Policy and Management 8, no 6 (22 avril 2019) : 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.22.
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Having initially welcomed more than a million refugees and forced migrants into Europe between 2015 and 2016, the European Union’s (EU’s) policy has shifted toward externalising migration control to Turkey and Northern Africa. This goes against the spirit of international conventions aiming to protect vulnerable populations, yet there is widespread indifference toward those who remain stranded in Italy, Greece and bordering Mediterranean countries. Yet there are tens of thousands living in overcrowded reception facilities that have, in effect, turned into long-term detention centres with poor health and safety for those awaiting resettlement or asylum decisions. Disregard for humanitarian principles is predicated on radical inequality between lives that are worth living and protecting, and unworthy deaths that are unseen and unmarked by grieving. However, migration is on the rise due to natural and man-made disasters, and is becoming a global issue that concerns us all. We must therefore deal with it through collective political action that recognises refugees’ and forced migrants’ right to protection and ensures access to the health services they require.
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Lauritano, Dorina, Giulia Moreo, Francesco Carinci, Vincenzo Campanella, Fedora Della Vella et Massimo Petruzzi. « Oral Health Status among Migrants from Middle- and Low-Income Countries to Europe : A Systematic Review ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no 22 (20 novembre 2021) : 12203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212203.
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Introduction. Economic inequality, political instability and globalization have contributed to the constant growth of the migration phenomenon in recent years. In particular, a total of 4.2 million people migrated to Europe during 2019 and most of them settled in Germany, France and Italy. Objectives. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies analyzing the oral health condition among migrants from middle- and low-income countries to Europe and assessing the eventual association between their sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and oral health status. Materials and Methods. A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Science Direct databases. After titles, abstracts and full-text examination, only 27 articles were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria and consequently included for quality assessments and data extraction. Results. Most of the studies reported a higher prevalence of caries experience, a poorer periodontal health and more difficulties in accessing dentalcare services among migrant groups compared with the non-migrant population. Inequalities were mostly associated with ethnic background, economic condition and social grade. Conclusion. Our review demonstrates the lack of dental health among migrants, underlining that their cultural beliefs and their social and economic living conditions could influence their oral health.
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Lorant, Vincent, Rianne de Gelder, Dharmi Kapadia, Carme Borrell, Ramune Kalediene, Katalin Kovács, Mall Leinsalu et al. « Socioeconomic inequalities in suicide in Europe : the widening gap ». British Journal of Psychiatry 212, no 6 (22 mai 2018) : 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2017.32.
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BackgroundSuicide has been decreasing over the past decade. However, we do not know whether socioeconomic inequality in suicide has been decreasing as well.AimsWe assessed recent trends in socioeconomic inequalities in suicide in 15 European populations.MethodThe DEMETRIQ study collected and harmonised register-based data on suicide mortality follow-up of population censuses, from 1991 and 2001, in European populations aged 35–79. Absolute and relative inequalities of suicide according to education were computed on more than 300 million person-years.ResultsIn the 1990s, people in the lowest educational group had 1.82 times more suicides than those in the highest group. In the 2000s, this ratio increased to 2.12. Among men, absolute and relative inequalities were substantial in both periods and generally did not decrease over time, whereas among women inequalities were absent in the first period and emerged in the second.ConclusionsThe World Health Organization (WHO) plan for ‘Fair opportunity of mental wellbeing’ is not likely to be met.Declaration of interestNone.
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Ponce-Blandón, José Antonio, Rocío Romero-Castillo, Nerea Jiménez-Picón, Juan Carlos Palomo-Lara, Aurora Castro-Méndez et Manuel Pabón-Carrasco. « Lived Experiences of African Migrants Crossing the Strait of Gibraltar to Europe : A Cross-Cultural Approach to Healthcare from a Qualitative Methodology ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no 17 (6 septembre 2021) : 9379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179379.
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Background: The migratory flow from the African continent to Europe is intense and the European countries should apply a humanitarian, health and social response to this emerging problem. Migrants coming from Africa to Europe are a very vulnerable population. Healthcare professionals should be prepared for answering their needs from a transcultural approach, which requires a better understanding of this phenomenon. Thus, the aim of this study was to improve nursing and healthcare professionals’ awareness and better understanding of migrant life experiences during the migration journey. An exploratory descriptive qualitative research was conducted. In-depth interviews were conducted involving four key informants and content analysis were performed with the transcriptions. Results: Three themes merged: life situations in their countries of origin; motivations that led them to undertake the migratory journey; and experiences they lived during the migratory journey. The results described the dramatic experience and motivations for crossing the strait of Gibraltar from Africa to Europe, including feelings, fears, hopes and lived experiences. The determination of immigrants to fight for a better life opportunity and the physical damage and psychological consequences they suffer were revealed. Conclusions: This study would help healthcare professionals to better understand this complex reality and deliver culturally adapted care. Knowledge of the starting reality of these populations can help health professionals to incorporate a cross-cultural approach that improves the relational, ethical and affective competences to provide quality care to the migrant population, as well as the development of health measures to fight against inequalities suffered by these population groups.
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Smithey, Martha, et Amber Thompson. « A Cross-National Examination of Global Gender Inequality and Femicide by Intimate Partners and Family Members ». Violence and Victims 37, no 3 (1 juin 2022) : 305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vv-d-20-00088.
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Using cross-national data, we analyze the effects of economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, political empowerment, legislating reserved seats for female political candidates, and prevalence of domestic violence victimization on lethal violence against women across 39 nations. These significant factors have been studied individually with little work on their comparative, unique effects on femicide. Our paper makes such a comparison. The dependent variable, femicide by intimate partners and family members, is constructed using data from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the World Bank Group. All data are for the year 2011, a year that also corresponds to available data in the sources for our independent variables. These sources are the 2011 World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Report, the United Nations Statistics Division, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Our resulting sample size is 39 countries from five regions of the world: Northern and Eastern Europe (n = 7), Southern and Western Europe (n = 11), Asia and Oceania (n = 7) Africa (n = 2), and the Americas (n = 12). The unit of analysis is nation and the total number of cases of femicide by intimate partners and family members from the nations is 2,067,450,894. Our study supports backlash theory and finds in nations where educational attainment and percent women reporting domestic violence are higher, and in nations having legislated quotas for female political participation, the incidents of femicide by intimate partner and family members increase. Counter to most previous research, we find no relationship between economic participation and opportunity or political empowerment and femicide by intimate partners and family members.
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Tapia-Muñoz, Thamara, Ursula M. Staudinger, Kasim Allel, Andrew Steptoe, Claudia Miranda-Castillo, José T. Medina et Esteban Calvo. « Income inequality and its relationship with loneliness prevalence : A cross-sectional study among older adults in the US and 16 European countries ». PLOS ONE 17, no 12 (6 décembre 2022) : e0274518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274518.
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Backgrounds The prevalence of loneliness increases among older adults, varies across countries, and is related to within-country socioeconomic, psychosocial, and health factors. The 2000–2019 pooled prevalence of loneliness among adults 60 years and older went from 5.2% in Northern Europe to 24% in Eastern Europe, while in the US was 56% in 2012. The relationship between country-level factors and loneliness, however, has been underexplored. Because income inequality shapes material conditions and relative social deprivation and has been related to loneliness in 11 European countries, we expected a relationship between income inequality and loneliness in the US and 16 European countries. Methods We used secondary cross-sectional data for 75,891 adults age 50+ from HRS (US 2014), ELSA (England, 2014), and SHARE (15 European countries, 2013). Loneliness was measured using the R-UCLA three-item scale. We employed hierarchical logistic regressions to analyse whether income inequality (GINI coefficient) was associated with loneliness prevalence. Results The prevalence of loneliness was 25.32% in the US (HRS), 17.55% in England (ELSA) and ranged from 5.12% to 20.15% in European countries (SHARE). Older adults living in countries with higher income inequality were more likely to report loneliness, even after adjusting for the sociodemographic composition of the countries and their Gross Domestic Products per capita (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.17–1.97). Discussion Greater country-level income inequality was associated with higher prevalence of loneliness over and above individual-level sociodemographics. The present study is the first attempt to explore income inequality as a predictor of loneliness prevalence among older adults in the US and 16 European countries. Addressing income distribution and the underlying experience of relative deprivation might be an opportunity to improve older adults’ life expectancy and wellbeing by reducing loneliness prevalence.
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Auger, Nathalie, Judith Racape, Marie-France Raynault, Marianne Bilodeau-Bertrand, Ga Eun Lee et Teresa Janevic. « Stillbirth Among Arab Women in Canada, 1981-2015 ». Public Health Reports 135, no 2 (22 janvier 2020) : 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354919900894.
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Objectives: The Arabic-speaking population is increasing in Europe and North America. Evidence suggests that Arab migrants have a greater risk of adverse birth outcomes than nonmigrants, but the risk of stillbirth is largely understudied. We examined inequality in stillbirth rates between Arab women and the French and English majority of women in Quebec, Canada. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all births in Quebec from 1981 through 2015. We computed stillbirth rates by period and cause of death, and we used log binomial regression to estimate the association between Arabic mother tongue and stillbirth, adjusted for maternal characteristics. Results: Stillbirth rates per 1000 births overall were lower among women with Arabic mother tongue (3.89) than among women with French or English mother tongue (4.52), and rates changed little over time. However, Arabic-speaking women from Arab countries had a higher adjusted risk of stillbirth than French- or English-speaking women (risk ratio = 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.42). Congenital anomalies, termination of pregnancy, and undetermined causes contributed to a disproportionate number of stillbirths among women with Arabic mother tongue compared with the French- and English-speaking majority. Conclusions: Arabic-speaking women from Arab countries have higher risks of stillbirth compared with the French and English majority in Quebec. Strategies to reduce stillbirth risk among Arabic speakers should focus on improving identification of causes of death.
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Vázquez, Noelia, Pilar Ramos, M. Cruz Molina et Lucia Artazcoz. « Social Factors Associated with the Effectiveness of a Spanish Parent Training Program—An Opportunity to Reduce Health Inequality Gap in Families ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no 7 (2 avril 2020) : 2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072412.
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Parent training programs (PTPs) have been used extensively in Anglo-Saxon countries, but less so in Southern Europe. Several characteristics of families have been linked to effective parenting and positive development of children, but few studies have examined the social determinants of the effectiveness of PTPs. The Parenting Skills Program for families (PSP) is a PTP from Spain. This study aimed to identify the social characteristics (sex, age, country of birth, marital status, educational level, and employment status) of parents that determine the success of the PSP in relation to social support, parenting skills, parental stress, and negative behaviors among children. A quasi-experimental study with a prepost design with no control group was used. We conducted a survey before (T0) and after the intervention (T1). Sample size was 216. We fit multiple logistic regression models. Parenting skills increased more among parents with a lower educational level. Parents’ stress decreased more among parents who had a lower educational level, were unemployed, and were men. Social support increased among parents who were younger, unemployed, or non-cohabiting. We found no significant differences in the effect on children’s negative behaviors according to the social factors evaluated. The PSP is effective for socioeconomically diverse families, but the success differs according to the parents’ social profile. Unlike most previous studies, the results were better among more socially disadvantaged people, highlighting the potential of this kind of intervention for reducing the social inequality gap between groups.
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Borrell, Carme, Laia Palència, Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo, Xavier Bartoll, Mercè Gotsens, M. Isabel Pasarín, Lucía Artazcoz, Maica Rodríguez-Sanz, María José López et Katherine Pérez. « A City Surveillance System for Social Health Inequalities : The Case of Barcelona ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no 4 (17 février 2023) : 3536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043536.
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Introduction: In the past, health inequalities were not prioritised in the political agenda of Barcelona. The change of city government (2015) was an opportunity to develop a Surveillance System for Social Health Inequalities in the city, which is described in this article. Methods: The design of the Surveillance System formed part of the Joint Action for Health Equity in Europe (JAHEE), funded by the European Union. Various steps were considered by the experts to set up the System: define its objectives, target population, domains and indicators, and sources of information; perform data analysis; implement and disseminate the system; define the evaluation; and perform regular data updates. Results: The System considers the following domains: social determinants of health, health-related with behaviours, use of healthcare, and health outcomes, and includes eight indicators. As axes of inequality, the experts chose sex, age, social class, country of origin, and geographical area. The Surveillance System for Social Health Inequalities is presented on a website including different types of figures. Conclusion: The methodology used to implement the Surveillance System can be used to implement similar systems in other urban areas around the world.
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Brunovskis, Anette, et May-Len Skilbrei. « Individual or Structural Inequality ? Access and Barriers in Welfare Services for Women Who Sell Sex ». Social Inclusion 6, no 3 (28 septembre 2018) : 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i3.1534.
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It is often taken for granted that women who sell sex are vulnerable, that welfare services can and should alleviate this vulnerability, and as such, being defined as ‘vulnerable’ can be beneficial and associated with special rights that would otherwise be inaccessible. At the same time, ongoing debates have demonstrated that establishing individuals and groups as vulnerable tends to mask structural factors in inequality and has negative consequences, among them an idea that the path to ‘non-vulnerability’ lies in changing the ‘afflicted’ individuals or groups, not in structures or in addressing unequal access to resources. In this article, we take this as a starting point and discuss challenges for the welfare state in meeting the varied and often complex needs of sex sellers. Based on qualitative research with service providers in specialised social and health services in Norway, we examine access and barriers to services among female sex sellers as well as how vulnerability is understood and shapes what services are available. An important feature of modern prostitution in Norway, as in the rest of Western Europe, is that sex sellers are predominantly migrants with varying migration status and corresponding rights to services. This has influenced the options available to address prostitution as a phenomenon within the welfare state and measures that have previously been helpful for domestic women in prostitution are not easily replicated for the current target population. A starting point in a theoretical understanding that considers vulnerability to be a human predicament (rather than the exception to the rule or a deficit in individuals or groups) allows for a discussion that highlights the centrality of structural conditions rather than a need for change in the individual. In order to understand the limitations of the welfare state in addressing modern prostitution as such, it is highly relevant to look at the structural origin of vulnerabilities that may look individual.
Thèses sur le sujet "Health inequality of opportunity migrants Europe"
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GUIDI, CATERINA FRANCESCA. « Health systems and inequality : the case of migrants in Europe ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1006230.
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The Ph.D. thesis is titled “Health systems and inequality: the case of migrants in Europe”. It is a quantitative study of the health discrimination suffered by migrants in Europe, measured by inequality of opportunities and unmet needs (EU-SILC dataset, years 2007-2013). The thesis is composed by four chapters and the candidate has benefitted from a visiting period spent by the Candidate at the Agència de Salut Pùblica de Barcelona (Spain). As a result of this visiting period, the candidate worked on 7th Framework Programme (grant 278173) SOPHIE project, namely Evaluating the Impact of Structural Policies on Health Inequalities, enhancing and enriching this work by a multi-disciplinary collaboration. One chapter is a co-authored research recently published as EUI working paper. The other chapters are sole responsibility of the candidate.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Health inequality of opportunity migrants Europe"
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Corrado, Alessandra, et Letizia Palumbo. « Essential Farmworkers and the Pandemic Crisis : Migrant Labour Conditions, and Legal and Political Responses in Italy and Spain ». Dans Migration and Pandemics, 145–66. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81210-2_8.
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AbstractThe agri-food system across Europe relies heavily on migrant labour. Border lockdowns during the Covid-19 pandemic immobilised thousands of foreign farmworkers, giving rise to fears of labour shortages and food production losses in EU countries. Farmers’ organisations sought institutional interventions to address this labour demand. Although migrant workers have become a fundamental component of core sectors in recent decades, it is only in the current health emergency that they were recognised as ‘essential’ workers. The chapter analyses the working conditions of migrant farmworkers alongside national debates and institutional interventions in Italy and Spain during the pandemic. It provides a critical comparative analysis of legal and policy interventions to address migrants’ situations of vulnerability. Both countries depend on important contingents of EU and non-EU migrant farmworkers, especially in fruit and vegetable production; moreover, they present common aspects in supply chain dynamics and labour market policies, but also specific differences in labour, migration and social policies. Both adopted measures to face the condition of irregularity of migrant workers in order to respond to labour demand in the agri-food sector and to provide these workers with safe working and living conditions during the pandemic. However, these interventions reveal shortcomings that significantly limit their impact and outcomes, calling into question to what extent migrant workers are really considered as ‘essential’ in a long-term perspective and, therefore, to what extent the current pandemic constitutes an opportunity for a new push to enforce labour and migrant rights.
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Hargreaves, Sally, et Jon S. Friedland. « Impact on and use of health services by new migrants in Europe ». Dans Migration, health and inequality. Bloomsbury Academic, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350221383.ch-002.
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Musitha, Mavhungu Elias. « Immigration Is a Nucleus of Economic Development in Africa ». Dans Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 210–23. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7099-9.ch012.
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This chapter demystifies the world view that holds that immigration is motivated by poor people who become the burden to the host countries. It has unearthed that poverty is just a manifestation of a bigger issue which is underdevelopment. Underdevelopment causes migration because the livelihood has been colonised and neo-colonialism continues doing that to this date. This underdevelopment gave rise to poverty, unemployment, inequality, and poor governance. Therefore, immigration is hugely influenced by underdevelopment. Migrants carry along entrepreneurship skills which they also transfer to host countries. However, they also face challenges in the host countries such as discrimination in the allocation of resources such as health and education. The host citizens fear the competition from the new people who have arrived in their country. The African Union should discuss the development of the continent and resolve the underdevelopment through the natural resources the continent has instead of taking it to Europe to perpetuate the notion of underdevelopment.