Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Hermeneutic Dialectic Circle »

In its interpretation of the opposition ‘national literature – world literature’ as defined by Goethe in 1827 the article relies on the dialectic of the hermeneutic circle, related to Goethe’s idea in the general context of the Classical-Romantic utopia of aesthetic humanism. Analyzing Goethe’s statements about world literature, one finds that his tentative concept did not suggest universal surrender of national-specific differences, but rather integration of national literatures (with all of their unique features) as relatively autonomous but mutually conditioned elements of a single literary communication supersystem. According to Goethe, each national literature established itself by involvement in the developing existence of a whole, without losing its identity to an amorphous composite of literatures. By fully preserving its individuality, it in fact joined in a special polyphonic order: a unity of diversity and interpenetration. Goethe, therefore, laid the foundations of a new philological discourse, which gave rise to comparative literary studies as a new scholarly discipline.

This article presents the results of the observations about digital literacy that were studied philosophically through Gadamer's hermeneutic approach. The reason for using this approach is to achieve an understanding of how the subject and its history play a role in the digital literacy process, where ontologically, the content of information has been visualized into the digital world so that a philosophical understanding is needed in understanding the virtual reality. This research is included in the classification of qualitative research with an analysis with three stages, namely reducing data that is very general and broad in a more specific form, and relevant to digital literacy and hermeneutics; then classifies the dimensions of digital literacy so that it is easy to determine the dimensions of the hermeneutics; interpret digital literacy to clarify the dimensions of hermeneutics in it, and concludes and draws relevance to efforts to overcome hoaxes. The results obtained from this study are on a hermeneutical analysis of the process of digital literacy as a catalyst for peace, that equalizing the elimination of discrimination at the historical-ego level can be achieved through the application of hermeneutical digital literacy that is by promoting dialectical historical understanding, where contemporary history dialecticism with the history of the past which is often claimed by certain groups as the heyday and the fruit of their work.Artikel ini mempresentasikan tentang hasil observasi peneliti tentang literasi digital yang dikaji secara filosofis melalui pendekatan hermeneutika Gadamer. Adapun alasan penggunaan pendekatan tersebut yakni untuk mencapai sebuah pemahaman tentang bagaimana subjek dan kesejarahannya berperan di dalam proses literasi digital, di mana secara ontologis, konten informasi telah divisualisasikan ke dalam dunia digital sehingga dibutuhkan pemahaman yang filosofis di dalam memahami realitas virtual tersebut. Penelitian ini masuk ke dalam klasifikasi penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis dengan tiga tahap yaitu mereduksi data yang bersifat sangat umum dan luas ke dalam bentuk yang lebih spesifik, dan relevan dengan literasi digital dan hermeneutika; selanjutnya mengklasifikasikan dimensi literasi digital sehingga mudah untuk ditentukan dimensi hermeneutikanya; menginterpretasikan literasi digital dalam rangka memperjelas dimensi hermeneutika di dalamnya; serta menyimpulkan dan menarik relevansinya dengan upaya menanggulangi hoax. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah pada sebuah analisis hermeneutis tentang proses literasi digital sebagai katalis perdamaian, bahwa penyetaraan penghapusan diskriminasi pada tataran ego-historis dapat dicapai melalui penerapan literasi digital yang bersifat hermeneutis yakni dengan mengedepankan pemahaman kesejarahan yang dialektis, di mana sejarah masa kini didialektikakan dengan sejarah masa lampau yang seringkali diklaim oleh kelompok-kelompok tertentu sebagai masa kejayaan dan buah kerja mereka.

This article describes the metaphorical identification of genealogy and language that is central to Danilo Kiš’s overarching project. In The Family Cycle and “The Encyclopedia of the Dead,” the documentation of history and the continuity of generations are worked into a single figurative system. This system has three major functions. First, children and texts complexly interact in the larger endeavor to preserve traces of the fragile past into an uncertain future. Second, the compulsion to identify with dead generations dramatizes the attractions and dangers inherent in fiction—overidentification with a character that overwhelms the reader’s or writer’s personality on the one hand, promiscuous dissolution into a world of metaphor on the other. Finally, genealogical figures form a metapoetic level that mirrors and focuses interpretation of the literary text. Notably, the dialectic between narrative and genealogy illuminates the hermeneutic circle in which finite texts appear as fragmented miniatures of some universal text, a book of nature or a “whole life.”

本文探討隱喻在敘說研究或敘說心理學中的關鍵作用與意涵，並從方法、方法論，再到認識論及本體論，逐層討論。在方法層次中，隱喻能在諮商中協助參考架構、世界觀之轉換，問題外化之命名等；在研究中，隱喻可協助對研究參與者故事做整體性反思，增進詮釋連貫性。在方法論層次，隱喻可協助呂格爾「三層摹擬論」的前構、形構、再構過程中之順利轉換。最後認識論及本體論層次，隱喻揭示了人所存有世界的本體性特徵，即宛若世界。此「世界」只能藉由隱喻或敘事文本來摹擬，本身就包涵「是」與「不是」的辯證性認識論。但文本摹擬之差異性或偏離性並不視為誤差，而是一種創造性，也是文本世界之生命力所在。This study addresses the key effects and meanings of metaphors in narrative studies and narrative psychology. Metaphors have importance in the development of hermeneutics, and Ricoeur studied it in the book La métaphore vive. The development of hermeneutics has two major turns. The first major turn is Wilhelm Dilthey's contributions, who made important contributions to a methodology of the humanities and other human sciences. The second major turn is that Martin Heidegger's contributions, shifted from Wilhelm Dilthey's theories. Martin Heidegger is counted among the main exponents of existentialism. Heidegger's groundbreaking work is in ontology (the philosophical study of being or existence) and metaphysics. And since then, hermeneutics has advocated detours to understand human beings that requires language or narrative text. The role of metaphors in the narrative is what this study aims to explore. The literature as well as practical counseling experiences have found different schools of counseling seem to believe that metaphors help the process of counseling. The purpose of this study is to explore how metaphors help.Also, the main approach of this study is to explore the links and important discourses between narratives and metaphors in greater depth through the review of critical literatures. The study explores how metaphors help step by step from how metaphors are applied, and from the methodology aspect, the epistemology aspect and the ontology aspect. When it comes to how metaphors are applied, metaphors stimulate transformation in reference frames, viewpoints of world, and the naming of the externalized problems, etc. In this study, metaphors stimulate the study participants to reflect on stories holistically and improve the consistency of interpretation. The role of metaphors comes from what Ricoeur called a rhetorical property. At the methodology level, metaphors have what Ricoeur called poetics, including mimesis and pictorial-semantic fusion. Therefore, metaphors stimulate the transformation process of pre-figuration, configuration, and re-figuration of Ricoeur's ＂threefold mimesis＂, which are the core frame of narrative, in the text. Also, the pictorial nature of metaphors assist in the construction and interpretation of the story. At the epistemological level, metaphors themselves contain a dialectical epistemology of ＂to be＂ and ＂not to be＂, and this dialectic helps to promote the hermeneutic circle among understanding, interpretation, and construction. It is an open circle and a creative mimesis. Finally, at the ontology level, metaphors reveal the ontological characteristics of the human beings' world - the ＂as if＂ world. This world can only be drawn up by metaphors or narrative texts. However, the difference (écart) of the texts is not regarded as an error but rather regarded as a type of creativity and liveliness of the text. Moreover, the secondary reference of metaphors and narratives, the hermeneutical detour nature of narratives, helps people move from a limited situation of unformed meaning towards a state of existence and authentic self. In other words, the ontology or existence of man reflected in metaphors or narratives is essentially the ontology of meaning construction. The so-called authentic self (Eigentlichkeit) or transcendent state is not the appearance of the real self or the given ultimate goal or answer but rather a possibility of development and a process of continuous meaning construction and becoming. In the history the earliest narrative works of human beings are cave paintings of primitive humans and related witchcraft rituals or dances. The initial imitations of these life experiences have brought about reflection and consciousness, which allows human beings to go into the world of meaning construction from the unconscious and organic world. This also allows for the birth of art and culture. Therefore, human beings are in this metaphorical and narrative-like world and can constantly construct or reconstruct meanings of life.

Abstract Within Christian communities, the problem of the unity of Scripture involves biblical, theological, and practical dimensions. This interdisciplinary study surveys some of the major questions that emerge for theological interpretation of Scripture that follows the hermeneutical circle of Scripture, theology, and practice. The article also briefly explores a possible model of community response. The investigation first examines questions concerning the unity of Scripture at each of the three interfaces of the hermeneutical circle: (1) Scripture and theology, (2) theology and practice, and (3) praxis and Scripture. Historical examples from various periods in the history of Christianity are employed to describe issues of continuing significance. Particular attention is given to a dialectic in the history of biblical interpretation between "one right meaning" (Irenaeus) and "one right method" (Origen). Each interface offers a differing but potentially complementary perspective on this challenging and perennial problem. Then the article explores responses to the questions for the Christian communities that view Scripture as the primary source of religious authority. The responses use a modified version of canonical hermeneutics and a blended diversity of theological models. The study seeks to show that the development of a hermeneutical circle of community, moving through these three dynamic interfaces, offers an approach that holds the unity of Scripture together with theology and practice.

Abstract Within Christian communities, the problem of the unity of Scripture involves biblical, theological, and practical dimensions. This interdisciplinary study surveys some of the major questions that emerge for theological interpretation of Scripture that follows the hermeneutical circle of Scripture, theology, and practice. The article also briefly explores a possible model of community response. The investigation first examines questions concerning the unity of Scripture at each of the three interfaces of the hermeneutical circle: (1) Scripture and theology, (2) theology and practice, and (3) praxis and Scripture. Historical examples from various periods in the history of Christianity are employed to describe issues of continuing significance. Particular attention is given to a dialectic in the history of biblical interpretation between "one right meaning" (Irenaeus) and "one right method" (Origen). Each interface offers a differing but potentially complementary perspective on this challenging and perennial problem. Then the article explores responses to the questions for the Christian communities that view Scripture as the primary source of religious authority. The responses use a modified version of canonical hermeneutics and a blended diversity of theological models. The study seeks to show that the development of a hermeneutical circle of community, moving through these three dynamic interfaces, offers an approach that holds the unity of Scripture together with theology and practice.

Resumo: Apresentamos, neste texto, parte do estudo para compreendermos sobre categorização na Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) de Moraes e Galiazzi (2007). Trataremos de uma das categorias finais emergentes sobre categoria na ATD, a dialética. Portanto, nossa pergunta é: “O que é isto, a dialética na categorização na ATD?”. Inicialmente, expressamos a compreensão alcançada da palavra dialética e, posteriormente, seus sentidos conceituais no livro de ATD. A primeira categoria intermediária mostra a dialética no processo de unitarização e de categorização em movimento dialético entre ordem e desordem. A segunda engloba o modo de teorizar na pesquisa entre teorias a priori e teorias emergentes. A terceira mostra o movimento entre processos indutivos e dedutivos, atentos aos intuitivos e auto-organizados na pesquisa. Compreendemos que a ATD é um exercício hermenêutico em um círculo virtuoso de autoconhecimento que encontra a palavra, dela vai ao conceito e à palavra retorna em fusão de horizontes.Palavras-chave: Análise Textual Discursiva; Categoria; Dialética. Dialetics in the categorization of textual discursive analysis: the recursive movement between word and conceptAbstract: We present here part of the study about categorization in Moraes and Galiazzi’s Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA) (2007). We will deal with one of the emerging final categories on category from DTA book, the dialectics. So our question is, "What is this, dialectics in the categorization of DTA?". Initially, we express an understanding of the word dialectics and, later, its conceptual senses from DTA book. The first intermediate category shows the process of unitarization and categorization in dialectical movement between order and disorder. The second includes the way of theorizing in research between a priori theories and emerging theories. The third shows the movement between inductive and deductive processes, being alert to intuitive and self-organized processes in research. We understand DTA is a hermeneutic exercise in a virtuous circle of self-understanding that finds the word, it goes to the concept and to the word returns in fusion of horizons.Keywords: Textual Discursive Analysis; Category; Dialectics.

The article proposes an analytical reconstruction of the interpretive strategy of the German philosopher H.G. Gadamer associated in his early works with the phenomenological interpretation of Plato’s dialogue Philebus. This reconstruction is necessary to understand the views of the creator of the «hermeneutic Bible of the XX century» in their development. The study of the phenomenological interpretation of the dialogue in the early H.G. Gadamer makes it possible to determine the conceptual difference of the question of the genealogy of pleasures posed in the philosophical thought in the 20th century. The conceptual definition of the attitude to the ethical tradition dating back to Aristotle and the dynamic understanding of the problem of the relationship between pleasure and reason in human life becomes a meaningful moment of the reconstruction of H.G. Gadamer’s interpretive strategy. On the example of the hermeneutic structure of the concept of «good», the paper identifies the dialectical difference between ethos and praxis, which is considered in the context of the textual heritage of Plato and Aristotle. The significance of the genetic concept of V. Yeager for the formulation of the hermeneutic problem in H.G. Gadamer’s works is highlighted. The study analyzes existential aspects in the phenomenological interpretation of H.G. Gadamer that date back to the concept of the «life world» in the late E. Husserl. It traces the development of the concepts «hermeneutic experience» and «hermeneutic circle» at the early phenomenological stage in the development of H.G. Gadamer’s ideas. The reconstruction of the dialectical analysis of the correlation of the one and the many in the dialogue Philebus proposed by H.G. Gadamer, is traced in the context of M. Heidegger’s ontological positions. The article substantiates the position that the dialectical difference between the kinds of pleasure arising from the Platonic difference between the soul and the body should be considered as a conceptual difference between the phenomenological interpretation of H.G. Gadamer and the genealogy of corporeality, going in European philosophy from F. Nietzsche to M. Foucault.

The changes that occur in the educational field are nourished by the rationality of different paradigms, with post-structuralism and post-modern thinking determining in the (re)configuration of educational practices in contemporary times. This article aims to reflect on the contributions of Post-Critical Theory in the formulation, understanding and development of pedagogical praxis and educational practice in terms of conceptualization and methodology. The proposal comes from the epistemological, social and educational changes brought about by the reflections of the Post-Critical Theory, instigating us to raise elements to promote a dialogue that can collaborate to meet the theoretical-practical demands brought by the referred scientific approach. The ideas are based both on authors who analyze the concept of praxis and educational practices (SOUZA, 2012), as well as on those who validate the influence of the post-structuralist paradigm and post-modern thinking such as Jean-François Lyotard (1984), Gadamer (1997) and Habermas (1987a, 1987b), who approach hermeneutics and dialectics as possibilities of methodological composition for data analysis. And, in this aspect, we anchored, too, with Heiddeger (2005a, 2005b) who helps in the intelligibility of the hermeneutic circle. The intention is to promote reflection on the concept of educational practices and their epistemological implications from the perspective of Post-Critical Theory so that it is possible to understand current social phenomena and, thus, strengthen the methodological proposals that are in line with the problems undertaken by this current theoretical. Our considerations, therefore, provide subsidies that broaden the debate about educational praxis and pedagogical praxis as sine quan non categories in the educational field.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the perception of the relatives of crack users in relation to the support groups offered to this population in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs in the South of Brazil. Method: the fourth-generation theoretical framework was used for evaluation, having as methodological device the hermeneutical-dialectic circle. Data collection occurred through 500 hours of observations and interviews with 12 relatives of crack users, and the comparative constant method was used in the analysis, generating the “family group” unit of meaning. Results: this group was regarded by the family members as a space for guidance on the management of users in their home environment. They reported the need for a basic structure to conduct the groups, greater duration of the meetings, confidentiality of information and diversity of timetables. Final considerations: investment in education and training of nursing professionals focused on group care is suggested to the education institutions.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Tendo em vista a crescente discussÃo em torno da formaÃÃo de professores, o presente estudo à resultado da pesquisa de Mestrado em EducaÃÃo na linha de EducaÃÃo, CurrÃculo e Ensino, eixo de estudo de FormaÃÃo de Professores. O objetivo geral à investigar se os alunos egressos da EspecializaÃÃo PROEJA (Programa Nacional de IntegraÃÃo da EducaÃÃo Profissional com a EducaÃÃo BÃsica, na modalidade EJA), oferecida pelo IFPA, estÃo utilizando em sua prÃtica pedagÃgica os conteÃdos ministrados no curso, bem como incentivando e sendo multiplicador da concepÃÃo do Programa na InstituiÃÃo. Os objetivos especÃficos sÃo contextualizar a implantaÃÃo do PROEJA a nÃvel nacional e IFPA, situando o momento polÃtico antes e durante sua implantaÃÃo, historiar e conceituar a proposta de currÃculo integrado para o PROEJA, buscando compreender e analisar quais as dificuldades e possibilidades encontradas pelos professores e gestores com relaÃÃo à efetivaÃÃo deste currÃculo, identificar e analisar qual a importÃncia, na visÃo dos alunos egressos da especializaÃÃo, da formaÃÃo continuada de professores na compreensÃo e efetivaÃÃo do currÃculo integrado concebido pelo PROEJA. A especializaÃÃo foi ofertada pelo IFPA de 2006 a 2009, sendo financiado exclusivamente pela SETEC/MEC, e objetivava formar profissionais com capacidades para atuar na elaboraÃÃo de estratÃgias e no estabelecimento de formas criativas das atividades de ensino-aprendizagem, prevendo pro-ativamente as condiÃÃes necessÃrias e as alternativas possÃveis para o desenvolvimento adequado das prÃticas pedagÃgicas, visando o aprendizado do aluno. No trabalho abordaremos a formaÃÃo de professores, as duas grandes reformas da EducaÃÃo Profissional e TecnolÃgica de 1996 a 2010, faremos um breve apanhado sobre CurrÃculo, alÃm de todo o contexto polÃtico e social em que surgiu o PROEJA no Brasil e a EspecializaÃÃo no Ãmbito do IFPA. A pesquisa foi feita com docentes e tÃcnicos administrativos do campus BelÃm do IFPA, num total de 10 sujeitos, que concluÃram a EspecializaÃÃo nos anos de 2006 a 2008. A metodologia adotada foi a construtivista, utilizando o mÃtodo do CÃrculo HermenÃutico DialÃtico (CHD), proposto em 1989, por Guba e Lincoln, que visa atravÃs da conversa e da reflexÃo, uma discussÃo e construÃÃo conjunta entre os sujeitos escolhidos para a pesquisa e o entrevistador, em busca do que os referidos autores chamam de consenso (quando este à possÃvel). Esta metodologia vem de encontro ao mÃtodo positivista, que trabalha com a dualidade sujeito-objeto, o que na metodologia construtivista se constrÃi a partir da relaÃÃo de reciprocidade entre observador e observado, entre os atores da pesquisa. Trabalhamos autores que trazem a discussÃo da educaÃÃo profissional, como Marise Ramos, Dante Henrique Moura, Maria Ciavatta, e alguns que trabalham a formaÃÃo de professores como Selma Garrido Pimenta, Maurice Tardif, alÃm de documentos institucionais, como relatÃrios circunstanciados e propostas pedagÃgicas dos cursos. A anÃlise final apontou que os sujeitos entrevistados conseguiram colocar em prÃtica os conhecimentos adquiridos na especializaÃÃo, sendo possÃvel, desta forma, atingir o objetivo geral deste estudo.
On account of the increasing discussion about the teacher formation, this present study is the result of the research of the Masterâs Course on Education, in the branch of study Teacher Formation. The main goal of this work is to investigate if the former students of the EspecializaÃÃo PROEJA (Programa Nacional de IntegraÃÃo da EducaÃÃo Profissional com a EducaÃÃo BÃsica, na modalidade EJA), offered by IFPA are using the knowledge acquired in the course in their pedagogical practice. Also, is those students are stimulating and acting as multipliers of the Program ideas in the Institution. The specific objectives are: to contextualize the implementation of PROEJA at a national level and at IFPA, posing the political moment before and after its posing the political moment before and after its effectuation; to describe and conceptualize the proposition of the integrated curriculum for the PROEJA, seeking to understand and analize which are the difficulties and possibilities found by the teachers and managers when considering the accomplishment of that curriculum; to identify and examine the importance of the specialization, of the continuous teacher formation on the understanding and actuation of the integrated curriculum conceived by the PROEJA. The post-graduation course was presented by the IFPA from 2006 to 2009, financed exclusively by SETEC/MEC and aimed to train professionals with abilities to act on the development of strategies and on the establishment of creative forms of the learning and teaching activities. Also, the course had the goal of foreseeing in a pro-active way the necessary conditions and possible alternatives for the adequate development of the pedagogical practice, aiming the studentâs learning. The teacher formation will be considered in this work, as well as the two reforms of the Professional and Technological Education, in 1996 and 2010; a brief summary of curriculum will be done besides the complete political and social context from which the PROEJA arose in Brazil and the post-graduation course in the IFPA. The research was carried out with teachers and administrative workers from the IFPA-campus BelÃm, in a total of 10 subjects who finished the course from 2006 to 2008. The chosen method was the Construtivist one, using the Hermeneutic Dialectic Circle technique (HDC), proposed in 1989 by Guba and Lincoln, that aims a joint discussion and construction among the subjects of the research and the interviewer, through talking and thinking, seeking what the mentioned authors call consent (when it is possible). This methodology echoes the Positivist method, that works with the duality subject-object, which in the Construtivist methodology is built from the reciprocity relationship between the observer and the observed, among the authors of the research. We dealt with authors who bring about the discussion on the Professional education, such as Marise Ramos, Dante Henrique Moura, Maria Ciavatta, and some others who work on the teacher formation theme as Selma Garrido Pimenta, Maurice Tardif. Institutional documents like reports and pedagogical course propositions were used. The final analysis pointed out that the subjects who were interviewed succeeded in practicing the knowledge acquired in the post graduation course. Thus, it was possible to achieve the general objective of this study.

Universidade Estadual do MaranhÃo
Em vista da crescente importÃncia que a pesquisa vem adquirindo no Ãmbito das discussÃes e dos espaÃos de formaÃÃo docente, este estudo se propÃs investigar os fatores que interferem na prÃtica de pesquisa do corpo docente do curso de Pedagogia no Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias-CESC, pÃlo da Universidade Estadual do MaranhÃo â UEMA. A investigaÃÃo preocupou-se em discutir as dificuldades e possibilidades de desenvolvimento da pesquisa pelos professores como prÃtica inerente ao ensino e como forma de concretizaÃÃo das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do curso. O estudo objetivou: a) Identificar o significado que os professores atribuem à pesquisa para o processo de formaÃÃo docente e para a prÃpria formaÃÃo; b) Investigar a disposiÃÃo dos professores para a prÃtica de pesquisa e, c) Caracterizar as prÃticas de pesquisa desenvolvidas pelos professores do curso. Utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa do cÃrculo dialÃtico-hermenÃutico, proposta por Guba e Lincoln, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados entrevistas abertas aplicadas aos professores do Departamento de EducaÃÃo e CiÃncias Sociais e Filosofia que atuam na Pedagogia. Os respondentes manifestaram livremente seu pensamento sobre os temas propostos: formaÃÃo docente, pesquisa no curso de pedagogia, professor reflexivo. Inicialmente sÃo abordados os aspectos histÃricos e legais relacionados à inserÃÃo da pesquisa nos cursos de graduaÃÃo no Brasil e suas possibilidades de articulaÃÃo com o ensino nos cursos de formaÃÃo docente. Em seguida sÃo discutidos os desafios da pesquisa nos cursos de formaÃÃo docente, os fundamentos que orientam a pesquisa realizada por professores, e os pressupostos de aplicaÃÃo destes fundamentos na pesquisa docente em Pedagogia. Os resultados obtidos nas investigaÃÃes indicam uma incipiente prÃtica do trabalho coletivo por parte dos docentes e a necessidade de lideranÃa e de diÃlogo a nÃvel departamental e institucional. Isto nos levou a sugerir, com base na Teoria da AÃÃo Comunicativa de Habermas, a busca de diÃlogo como estratÃgia para construÃÃo de senso de coletividade que favoreÃa aos docentes organizarem-se em torno de um trabalho direcionado para a produÃÃo cientÃfica.
In view of the importance that research has acquired in teacherâs formation current discussions, this study proposes to investigate factors that interfere in the research practice of the teachers of the Pedagogy Course of the Center of Superior Studies of Caxias (CESC), State University of MaranhÃo (UEMA). The study was dedicated to discuss the difficulties and possibilities for the development of research by teachers as a practice inherent to teaching as a way to follow Pedagogy National Curricular Directions. The study objectified: a) To identify the meaning given by teachers to research as part of the process of their own formation; b) To investigate the teacherâs disposition for research; e c) To characterize research practices developed by teachers in the Pedagogy course. The methodology used was the dialectic-hermeneutic circle proposed by Guba and Lincoln. Data collection was done in open interviews applied to the teachers of the Department of Education and Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy. The respondents manifested their thoughts freely about the following themes: teacherâs formation, research in the Pedagogy course, reflexive teacher. First, historical and legal aspects are approached in relation to the insertion of research in the graduation courses in Brazil and the possibilities of its articulation with teaching. Next, the challenges of research in the teacherâs formation courses, the theoretical basis of research and assumptions that orient the application of theories are discussed. Results indicate an insipient practice of collective work in the part of teachers and the need for leadership and dialogue in the level of the department and of the institution. It is suggested that the Theory of Communicative Action can supply the basis for an ideal speech situation as a strategy for building a sense of collectivity which will favor teachers to organize themselves around scientific production.

CASTRO, Edna Ribeiro. A pesquisa no curso de pedagogia na perspectiva do corpo docente. 2008. 110f. . Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2008.
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In view of the importance that research has acquired in teacher’s formation current discussions, this study proposes to investigate factors that interfere in the research practice of the teachers of the Pedagogy Course of the Center of Superior Studies of Caxias (CESC), State University of Maranhão (UEMA). The study was dedicated to discuss the difficulties and possibilities for the development of research by teachers as a practice inherent to teaching as a way to follow Pedagogy National Curricular Directions. The study objectified: a) To identify the meaning given by teachers to research as part of the process of their own formation; b) To investigate the teacher’s disposition for research; e c) To characterize research practices developed by teachers in the Pedagogy course. The methodology used was the dialectic-hermeneutic circle proposed by Guba and Lincoln. Data collection was done in open interviews applied to the teachers of the Department of Education and Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy. The respondents manifested their thoughts freely about the following themes: teacher’s formation, research in the Pedagogy course, reflexive teacher. First, historical and legal aspects are approached in relation to the insertion of research in the graduation courses in Brazil and the possibilities of its articulation with teaching. Next, the challenges of research in the teacher’s formation courses, the theoretical basis of research and assumptions that orient the application of theories are discussed. Results indicate an insipient practice of collective work in the part of teachers and the need for leadership and dialogue in the level of the department and of the institution. It is suggested that the Theory of Communicative Action can supply the basis for an ideal speech situation as a strategy for building a sense of collectivity which will favor teachers to organize themselves around scientific production.
Em vista da crescente importância que a pesquisa vem adquirindo no âmbito das discussões e dos espaços de formação docente, este estudo se propôs investigar os fatores que interferem na prática de pesquisa do corpo docente do curso de Pedagogia no Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias-CESC, pólo da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão – UEMA. A investigação preocupou-se em discutir as dificuldades e possibilidades de desenvolvimento da pesquisa pelos professores como prática inerente ao ensino e como forma de concretização das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do curso. O estudo objetivou: a) Identificar o significado que os professores atribuem à pesquisa para o processo de formação docente e para a própria formação; b) Investigar a disposição dos professores para a prática de pesquisa e, c) Caracterizar as práticas de pesquisa desenvolvidas pelos professores do curso. Utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa do círculo dialético-hermenêutico, proposta por Guba e Lincoln, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados entrevistas abertas aplicadas aos professores do Departamento de Educação e Ciências Sociais e Filosofia que atuam na Pedagogia. Os respondentes manifestaram livremente seu pensamento sobre os temas propostos: formação docente, pesquisa no curso de pedagogia, professor reflexivo. Inicialmente são abordados os aspectos históricos e legais relacionados à inserção da pesquisa nos cursos de graduação no Brasil e suas possibilidades de articulação com o ensino nos cursos de formação docente. Em seguida são discutidos os desafios da pesquisa nos cursos de formação docente, os fundamentos que orientam a pesquisa realizada por professores, e os pressupostos de aplicação destes fundamentos na pesquisa docente em Pedagogia. Os resultados obtidos nas investigações indicam uma incipiente prática do trabalho coletivo por parte dos docentes e a necessidade de liderança e de diálogo a nível departamental e institucional. Isto nos levou a sugerir, com base na Teoria da Ação Comunicativa de Habermas, a busca de diálogo como estratégia para construção de senso de coletividade que favoreça aos docentes organizarem-se em torno de um trabalho direcionado para a produção científica

A "Specification Document" was developed for the design of a constructivist, hypermedia learning environment (CHLE) to facilitate the knowledge construction of fractions. Specifications for the design of the CHLE were created from an investigation into children's knowledge construction of fractions. This entailed a review of the mathematical structure of fractions to build fraction tasks which were then used to investigate children's understandings of fractions. The investigation was couched in the constructivist paradigm. Guba and Lincoln's (1989) methodology of constructivist inquiry incorporating the Hermeneutic Dialectic Circle was adopted. Clinical interviews, talk-aloud protocols and non-participant observations operated within the Hermeneutic Dialectic Circle. Findings from the investigation addressed: (i) teaching interventions, (ii) children's strategies for solving the fraction tasks, and (iii) the goodness of the analog objects used in the tasks. Teaching interventions involved task sequencing and teaching episodes to assist children over impasses or gaps in their knowledge. Task sequencing moved from circular region models to rectangular region models and length models. One to six analog objects (representative of these three models) were shared between two, three, four, five and six people. Task sequencing was unique for each child and contingent upon each child's knowledge constructions of fractions. Findings indicated that children who did not possess sound knowledge of the partitive quotient fraction construct relied heavily upon their knowledge of the part-whole fraction construct to quantify each person's share. In most cases, this knowledge was fractured and incomplete, therefore most teaching episodes focused on partwhole notions. Children employed four categories of strategies to solve the tasks. These strategies were categorised according to their ability to: (i) generate fair shares, (ii) facilitate the accurate quantification of each of the shares, and (iii) facilitate a conceptual mapping between the concrete activity and the partitive quotient fraction construct. Category 1 strategies met all three criteria. Category 2 strategies met only the first two criteria. Category 3 strategies met only the first criteria and Category 4 strategies met none of the criteria. The goodness of the analog objects was judged according to three criteria: (i) ecological validity, (ii) abstract ability, and (iii) ease of partitioning. Findings revealed that the icecream bar (rectangular region model) and the licorice strap (length model) were easier to partition than the pizza and apple pie (circular region models) but lacked ecological validity. The pizza and apple pie had ecological validity but were difficult to partition. The cake ("wide" rectangular region model) did not have ease of partitioning because it supported both vertical and horizontal partitioning. The circular region models of the pikelet and the pancake did not satisfy any of the criteria and were not considered suitable analogs for inclusion in the design of the CHLE. The findings from the teaching interventions and strategies were translated into "Content" specifications, and the findings from the goodness of the analog objects were translated into "Context" specifications. These two sets of specifications informed the Specification Document for the design of the CHLE. Specifications were presented as: (i) scenarios which correlated instructional objectives of the CHLE with "WHAT" the children should do to meet these instructional objectives and "HOW" the system should address the "WHAT", (ii) interface design as it applies to Object Orientated User Interfaces (OOUI's), and (iii) vignettes which are supported with accompanying screens to indicate screen layout, typography, language, graphics, illustrations, and the look, feel and operation of the system. The CHLE was designed to embody realistic contexts in which children construct their own knowledge as a consequence of their experiences with the fraction tasks.

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In this research we investigate the construction of concepts, through technological material of artistic production of Conceptual Art, a transdisciplinary procedure with Science. It is confirmed the potential of continuing towards art, and its contribution to the learning of scientific concepts for students in high school. As expressive materials for the conceptual artistic productions, it is mentioned: the PET (Ethylene Politereftalate) and a bioplastics (made by students). These materials support the discussions and conceptual constructions about the curriculum content of high school to the Chemistry of Materials, to Biology and Ecology (environment), with the themes: polymers, synthetic and natural biopolymer, and transversal issues as: garbage, recycling, reuse, sustainability, environmental aesthetics and new technologies. As theoretical and methodological we have Kelly’s, Theory of Personal Constructs with emphasis on the Cycle of Experience is had. The hermeneutic-dialectic methodology the research’s methodology, seek refuge alteration of CHD and enables the structuring of interactive methodology/constructive, new learning tool, from proposed changes of CHD, allows you a closer cross between areas of knowledge, Art and Science. Personal Constructs that allows the simultaneous participation of all involved in the project and it grants primordial speech of freedom for the students through the spoken language and the conceptual constructions of art;collected data and allowing following the attitude and cognitive process of students. The project involves a group of 10 students from 1st year grade of high school of CODAI, institution associated to UFRPE, in the City of SAO LOURENCO DA MATA, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The research results presents a satisfactory development from the participants and it also presents in the consensus final constructions, a very approach of the formal definition that could be found in the sciences literature as well as in the conceptual art.
Nesta pesquisa investiga-se a construção de conceitos através do material tecnológico da produção artística de Arte conceitual, em procedimento transdisciplinar com a Ciência. Verifica-se a potencialidade do material expressivo utilizado na produção conceitual da arte e na sua contribuição para a aprendizagem de conceitos científicos de alunos do ensino médio. Como materiais expressivos têm-se: o PET (Politereftalato de etileno) e um bioplástico (confeccionado pelos alunos). Esses materiais auxiliam nas discussões e construções conceituais sobre conteúdos curriculares do Ensino Médio relativos à Química dos Materiais, à Biologia e à Ecologia (meio ambiente), com o tema: polímero (sintético, naturais e biopolímero), e abordagens transversais como: lixo, reciclagem, reaproveitamento, sustentabilidade, estética ambiental e novas tecnologias. Como aporte teórico e metodológico tem-se a Teoria dos Construtos Pessoais de Kelly, com destaque para o Ciclo da Experiência. A metodologia hermenêutica-dialética fundamenta a metodologia da pesquisa. Também ampara as modificações efetivadas no círculo hermenêutico-dialético (CHD) e viabiliza a estruturação da metodologia interativo/construtiva como um novo instrumento pedagógico, eficiente tanto para construir dados em pesquisa qualitativa, quanto, como ferramenta pedagógica para construção da aprendizagem. O novo instrumento proposto a partir das modificações do CHD facilitou a aproximação transdisciplinar entre as áreas do conhecimento, Arte e Ciência, e possibilitou a participação simultânea de todos os pesquisados na mostra. Assim, envolveu: entrevistados e observadores, privilegiando a liberdade de expressão dos envolvidos através da fala e das construções e reconstruções conceituais durante as fases do instrumento. O CHD modificado viabilizou a construção dos dados da pesquisa e também facilitou acompanhar os processos atitudinais e cognitivos dos envolvidos durante a construção da aprendizagem. Foram pesquisados 10 alunos do 1º Ano do Ensino Médio do CODAI, Instituição vinculada a UFRPE situada no Município de São Lourenço da Mata, PE. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram satisfatório desenvolvimento das construções conceituais dos participantes e mostraram nos resultados consensuais finais, muita proximidade às definições formais encontradas na literatura da área de Ciência, bem como da Arte Conceitual.

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The aim of this work is to investigate the existence of relationships among the conceptions of the Mathematic teachers about fractionary numbers and the teaching process of this subject in the 5th level of the fundamental school. Based on the theory of the Conceptual Fields from Vergnaud, we analyzed data by doing the comparison between two situations: how the teacher learned and how does he teaches the concept of fraction. Our exposition was compound by ten Mathematic teachers who teach in the 5th level, that, in the beginning were interviewed through out the DHC–Dialectical Hermeneutical Circle and after they had their fraction concept introductory class observed. Being this research made on a qualitative character, it was utilized the Interactive Methodology, cause of its meaningful contribution to collect and analyze data. The DHC technique made considerably easier the data collection and gave us the opportunity of a better interaction among the interviewed ones and the researcher. The results we found showed that as men as women were capable of carrying out good didactical transpositions, those teachers between 40 and 45 years old, the ones with more general time of teaching, the ones with more experience in the 5th level and those who act only in the Prived School were better in the observed classes. Other important factor to be considered is that the Mathematical Education haven’t influenced conceptions and parctices of teachers differently. We observed that there are teachers with a very well made conceptions about fractions, conscious that the didactical transposition which they are doing in their classes is disconnected from the pupils’ reality and as they know the necessity of a contextualized teaching of this subject, meanwhile they can not be free from old practices. This studying points to future researchers which ones can clarify the incoherence between teachers’ speeching and doing. We confirmed that there is a relationship between the conceptions that the teachers have about the Mathematic Knowledge and the procedures to teach and evaluate adopted by them. The part/all model is the most worked by the collaborator teachers of this research and almost always it is associated to the procedure of double counting which makes the pupils to think about fraction not as numbers to learn, but as part of things. We concluded that many difficulties from the pupils to learn about fraction is a consequence from the model of the Didactical Transposition done by the teacher in the moment of teaching that concept.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a existência de relações entre as concepções de professores de matemática sobre númers fracionários e o processo de ensino desse conteúdo na 5ª série do ensino fundamental. Baseados na Teoria dos Campos Conceituais de Vergnaud analisamos os dados coletados fazendo um confronto de duas situações: como o professor aprendeu e como ele ensina o conceito de fração. A nossa amostra foi composta por dez professores de matemática de 5ª série, que, inicialmente foram entrevistados através do Círculo Hermenêutico Dialético (CHD) e, posteriormente, tiveram observadas as suas aulas introdutórias do conceito de fração. Sendo esta pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, nela foi utilizada a Metodologia Interativa, pela sua contribuição significativa na coleta e análise dos dados. A técnica do CHD facilitou consideravelmente a coleta dos dados oportunizando uma maior interação entre os entrevistados e a pesquisadora. Os resultados encontrados apontam que tanto homens como mulheres foram capazes de realizar boas transposições didáticas, que professores da faixa dos 40 aos 45 anos, os com mais tempo geral de ensino, os com mais tempo de ensino na 5ª série e os que atuavam apenas na rede particular de ensino se saíram melhor na aula observada. Outro fator importante a ser considerado é que a formação em matemática não influenciou diferentemente concepções e práticas dos professores. Observamos que há professores com concepções bem elaboradas sobre fração, conscientes de que a transposição didática que estão fazendo em suas salas de aula está desarticulada da realidade dos alunos e sabedores da necessidade de um ensino contextualizado desse conteúdo, entretanto, não conseguem se desvencilhar de antigas práticas. Este estudo sinaliza para pesquisas futuras que possam esclarecer a incoerência entre o dizer e o fazer dos professores. Não observamos uma relação entre as concepções que os professores têm acerca do conhecimento matemático e os procedimentos de ensinar e avaliar por eles adotados. O modelo parte/todo é o mais trabalhado pelos professores colaboradores desta pesquisa e quase sempre é associado ao procedimento de contagem dupla, o que leva os alunos a pensarem frações não como números, mas, como partes de coisas. Concluímos que muitas das dificuldades dos alunos na aprendizagem de frações é conseqüência do modelo da transposição didática feita pelo professor no momento do ensino daquele conceito.

碩士
淡江大學
教育科技學系碩士班
96
The study aims to realize and discuss the dialectic model of expert teacher in media literacy with hermeneutic circle. It starts with the literature reviews in three aspects: hermeneutics, media literacy and dialogue theory, which is followed by semi structured interview of the teachers of media literacy. Meanwhile related document are collected by focus group inter- views and analyzed in order to understand the literacy consciousness development process, teaching strategies, dialectic model and the different reflection on teaching between students and teacher. The result indicated that studied the communication theory was the key point of awakening media literacy consciousness. Media literacy consciousness is a successive and shifting process, influenced by implement and reflected. The effecting factors of dialogue between teacher and students include curriculum design, the background knowledge of students, and teacher’s great resource. During dialogue, teacher used convergent and divergent strategies to lead students thinking, in which convergent strategy was divided by thinking form into two shapes. Through convergent and divergent strategies interwork, different dialectic models were constructed. At last, on the bases of study analyzes and the actuality of media literacy education. The suggestions are proposed for education policy, expert /novice teachers, and the researcher for media literacy in the future.

Toward the midpoint of his career, Sartre famously announced the separation from his previous work which he described as a rationalist philosophy of consciousness. Henceforth, he implied, his focus would be on free organic praxis. It would be dialectical and historical not just analytical and psychological. It seemed that he was distancing himself from classical (constitutive) Husserlian phenomenology in favor of something more fluid, more concrete like the hermeneutic phenomenology that he discovered in the Heidegger of Being and Time and was recommending as an ingredient in his Existential psychoanalysis. But classical phenomenology was not so much passed over as it was placed in abeyance to return in Sartre’s study of Gustave Flaubert, his life and times. The author proposes to chart and critique this methodological circle of applied phenomenology.