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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Heterocyst development »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 9 février 2022

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1

Zhang, Ju-Yuan, Wen-Li Chen, and Cheng-Cai Zhang. "hetR and patS, two genes necessary for heterocyst pattern formation, are widespread in filamentous nonheterocyst-forming cyanobacteria." Microbiology 155, no. 5 (2009): 1418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.027540-0.

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Heterocysts, cells specialized in N2 fixation in cyanobacteria, appeared at near to 2.1 Ga. They constitute one of the oldest forms of differentiated cells in evolution, and are thus an interesting model for studies on evolutionary-developmental biology. How heterocysts arose during evolution remains unknown. In Anabaena PCC 7120, heterocyst development requires, among other genes, hetR for the initiation of heterocyst differentiation, and patS, encoding a diffusible inhibitor of heterocyst formation. In this study, we report that both hetR and patS are widespread among filamentous cyanobacter

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Yoon, Ho-Sung, Martin H. Lee, Jin Xiong, and James W. Golden. "Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 hetY Gene Influences Heterocyst Development." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 23 (2003): 6995–7000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.23.6995-7000.2003.

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ABSTRACT The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. strain PCC 7120 responds to starvation for fixed nitrogen by producing a semiregular pattern of nitrogen-fixing cells called heterocysts. Overexpression of the hetY gene partially suppressed heterocyst formation, resulting in an abnormal heterocyst pattern. Inactivation of hetY increased the time required for heterocyst maturation and caused defects in heterocyst morphology. The 489-bp hetY gene (alr2300), which is adjacent to patS (asl2301), encodes a protein that belongs to a conserved family of bacterial hypothetical proteins tha

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Liu, Duan, and James W. Golden. "hetL Overexpression Stimulates Heterocyst Formation in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 24 (2002): 6873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.24.6873-6881.2002.

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ABSTRACT The cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 forms single heterocysts about every 10 to 15 vegetative cells along filaments. PatS is thought to be a peptide intercellular signal made by developing heterocysts that prevents neighboring cells from differentiating. Overexpression of the patS gene suppresses heterocyst formation. The hetL gene (all3740) was isolated in a genetic screen to identify genes involved in PatS signaling. Extracopy hetL allowed heterocyst formation in a patS overexpression strain. hetL overexpression from a heterologous promoter in wild-type Anabaena PCC 7120

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Sakr, Samer, Robert Jeanjean, Cheng-Cai Zhang, and Tania Arcondeguy. "Inhibition of Cell Division Suppresses Heterocyst Development in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 4 (2006): 1396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.188.4.1396-1404.2006.

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ABSTRACT When the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 is exposed to combined nitrogen starvation, 5 to 10% of the cells along each filament at semiregular intervals differentiate into heterocysts specialized in nitrogen fixation. Heterocysts are terminally differentiated cells in which the major cell division protein FtsZ is undetectable. In this report, we provide molecular evidence indicating that cell division is necessary for heterocyst development. FtsZ, which is translationally fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter, is found to form a ring structure at the m

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Valladares, Ana, Iris Maldener, Alicia M. Muro-Pastor, Enrique Flores, and Antonia Herrero. "Heterocyst Development and Diazotrophic Metabolism in Terminal Respiratory Oxidase Mutants of the Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 12 (2007): 4425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00220-07.

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ABSTRACT Heterocyst development was analyzed in mutants of the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 bearing inactivated cox2 and/or cox3 genes, encoding heterocyst-specific terminal respiratory oxidases. At the morphological level, the cox2 cox3 double mutant (strain CSAV141) was impaired in membrane reorganization involving the so-called honeycomb system that in the wild-type strain is largely or exclusively devoted to respiration, accumulated glycogen granules at conspicuously higher levels than the wild type (in both vegetative cells and heterocysts), and showed a

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Yoon, Ho-Sung, and James W. Golden. "PatS and Products of Nitrogen Fixation Control Heterocyst Pattern." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 8 (2001): 2605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.8.2605-2613.2001.

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ABSTRACT The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 forms a developmental pattern of single heterocysts separated by approximately 10 vegetative cells. Heterocysts differentiate from vegetative cells and are specialized for nitrogen fixation. ThepatS gene, which encodes a small peptide that inhibits heterocyst differentiation, is expressed in proheterocysts and plays a critical role in establishing the heterocyst pattern. Here we present further analysis of patS expression and heterocyst pattern formation. A patS-gfp reporter strain revealed clusters of patS-expressing cells d

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Li, Jian-Hong, Sophie Laurent, Viren Konde, Sylvie Bédu, and Cheng-Cai Zhang. "An increase in the level of 2-oxoglutarate promotes heterocyst development in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120." Microbiology 149, no. 11 (2003): 3257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26462-0.

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In the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, a starvation of combined nitrogen induces differentiation of heterocysts, cells specialized in nitrogen fixation. How do filaments perceive the limitation of the source of combined nitrogen, and what determines the proportion of heterocysts? In cyanobacteria, 2-oxoglutarate provides a carbon skeleton for the incorporation of inorganic nitrogen. Recently, it has been proposed that the concentration of 2-oxoglutarate reflects the nitrogen status in cyanobacteria. To investigate the effect of 2-oxoglutarate on heterocyst development,

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Zulkefli, Nur Syahidah, and Soon-Jin Hwang. "Heterocyst Development and Diazotrophic Growth of Anabaena variabilis under Different Nitrogen Availability." Life 10, no. 11 (2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10110279.

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Nitrogen is globally limiting primary production in the ocean, but some species of cyanobacteria can carry out nitrogen (N) fixation using specialized cells known as heterocysts. However, the effect of N sources and their availability on heterocyst development is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various inorganic N sources on the heterocyst development and cellular growth in an N-fixing cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis. Growth rate, heterocyst development, and cellular N content of the cyanobacteria were examined under varying nitrate and ammonium concent

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Moslavac, Suncana, Kerstin Nicolaisen, Oliver Mirus, et al. "A TolC-Like Protein Is Required for Heterocyst Development in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 21 (2007): 7887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00750-07.

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ABSTRACT The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 forms heterocysts in a semiregular pattern when it is grown on N2 as the sole nitrogen source. The transition from vegetative cells to heterocysts requires marked metabolic and morphological changes. We show that a trimeric pore-forming outer membrane β-barrel protein belonging to the TolC family, Alr2887, is up-regulated in developing heterocysts and is essential for diazotrophic growth. Mutants defective in Alr2887 did not form the specific glycolipid layer of the heterocyst cell wall, which is necessary to protect nitrogen

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Jang, Jichan, Lei Shi, Hui Tan, Annick Janicki, and Cheng-Cai Zhang. "Mutual Regulation of ntcA and hetR during Heterocyst Differentiation Requires Two Similar PP2C-Type Protein Phosphatases, PrpJ1 and PrpJ2, in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 19 (2009): 6059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01271-08.

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ABSTRACT The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 can form heterocysts for N2 fixation. Initiation of heterocyst differentiation depends on mutual regulation of ntcA and hetR. Control of hetR expression by NtcA is partially mediated by nrrA, but other factors must be involved in this regulation. Anabaena has two closely related PP2C-type protein phosphatases, PrpJ1 (formerly PrpJ) and PrpJ2; PrpJ1 is involved in heterocyst maturation. In this study, we show that PrpJ2, like PrpJ1, has Mn2+-dependent phosphatase activity. We further demonstrate that whereas prpJ2 is dispensab

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Videau, Patrick, Reid T. Oshiro, Loralyn M. Cozy, and Sean M. Callahan. "Transcriptional dynamics of developmental genes assessed with an FMN-dependent fluorophore in mature heterocysts of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120." Microbiology 160, no. 9 (2014): 1874–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.078352-0.

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Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 is a filamentous cyanobacterium that differentiates nitrogen-fixing heterocysts when available combined nitrogen is limiting. Growth under diazotrophic conditions results in a mixture of ‘new’ (recently differentiated) and ‘old’ (mature) heterocysts. The microoxic environment present in heterocysts makes the interpretation of gene expression using oxygen-dependent fluorophores, including GFP, difficult. The work presented here evaluates the transcriptional dynamics of three developmental genes in mature heterocysts utilizing EcFbFP, a flavin mononucleotide-dependen

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Neunuebel, M. Ramona, and James W. Golden. "The Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 Gene all2874 Encodes a Diguanylate Cyclase and Is Required for Normal Heterocyst Development under High-Light Growth Conditions." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 20 (2008): 6829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00701-08.

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ABSTRACT The genome of the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 harbors 14 genes containing a GGDEF diguanylate cyclase domain. We found that inactivation of one of these genes, all2874, caused abnormal heterocyst development. The all2874 mutant showed a pronounced reduction in heterocyst frequency during diazotrophic growth and reduced vegetative cell size compared to the wild type. The severity of the mutant phenotype varied with light intensity; at high light intensity, the mutant phenotype was accentuated, whereas at low light intensity the phenotype was similar t

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Pernil, Rafael, and Enrico Schleiff. "Metalloproteins in the Biology of Heterocysts." Life 9, no. 2 (2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life9020032.

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Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic microorganisms present in almost all ecologically niches on Earth. They exist as single-cell or filamentous forms and the latter often contain specialized cells for N2 fixation known as heterocysts. Heterocysts arise from photosynthetic active vegetative cells by multiple morphological and physiological rearrangements including the absence of O2 evolution and CO2 fixation. The key function of this cell type is carried out by the metalloprotein complex known as nitrogenase. Additionally, many other important processes in heterocysts also depend on metalloprote

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Wong, Francis C. Y., and John C. Meeks. "The hetF Gene Product Is Essential to Heterocyst Differentiation and Affects HetR Function in the Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 8 (2001): 2654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.8.2654-2661.2001.

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ABSTRACT A novel gene, hetF, was identified as essential for heterocyst development in the filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme strain ATCC 29133. In the absence of combined nitrogen, hetF mutants were unable to differentiate heterocysts, whereas extra copies of hetF intrans induced the formation of clusters of heterocysts. Sequences hybridizing to a hetF probe were detected only in heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. The inactivation and multicopy effects of hetF were similar to those of hetR, which encodes a self-degrading serine protease thought to be a central regulator of heterocys

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Zhou, Yin, Wen-Li Chen, Li Wang, and Cheng-Cai Zhang. "Identification of the oriC region and its influence on heterocyst development in the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120." Microbiology 157, no. 7 (2011): 1910–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.047241-0.

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Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 (Anabaena PCC 7120) is a filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium. Upon deprivation of combined nitrogen, about 5–10 % of the cells become heterocysts, i.e. cells devoted to N2 fixation. Heterocysts are intercalated among vegetative cells and distributed in a semi-regular pattern, and adjacent heterocysts are rarely observed. Previously, we showed that the cell cycle could play a regulatory function during heterocyst development, although the mechanism involved remains unknown. As a further step to understand this phenomenon, we identified the oriC region for ch

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Ramírez, Martha E., Pratibha B. Hebbar, Ruanbao Zhou, C. Peter Wolk, and Stephanie E. Curtis. "Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 Gene devH Is Required for Synthesis of the Heterocyst Glycolipid Layer." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 7 (2005): 2326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.7.2326-2331.2005.

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ABSTRACT In response to deprivation for fixed nitrogen, the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 provides a microoxic intracellular environment for nitrogen fixation through the differentiation of semiregularly spaced vegetative cells into specialized cells called heterocysts. The devH gene is induced during heterocyst development and encodes a product with characteristics of a trans-acting regulatory protein. A devH mutant forms morphologically distinguishable heterocysts but is Fox−, incapable of nitrogen fixation in the presence of oxygen. We demonstrate that rearrangemen

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Olmedo-Verd, Elvira, Enrique Flores, Antonia Herrero, and Alicia M. Muro-Pastor. "HetR-Dependent and -Independent Expression of Heterocyst-Related Genes in an Anabaena Strain Overproducing the NtcA Transcription Factor." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 6 (2005): 1985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.6.1985-1991.2005.

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ABSTRACT Heterocyst development in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 depends on both the global nitrogen control transcription factor NtcA and the cell differentiation regulatory protein HetR, with expression of ntcA and hetR being dependent on each other. In this study we constructed strains that constitutively express the ntcA gene leading to high levels of NtcA protein irrespective of the nitrogen source, and we analyzed the effects of such NtcA levels on heterocyst differentiation. In the NtcA-overproducing strain, heterocyst differentiation, induction of NtcA-dependent heter

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Ning, Degang, and Xudong Xu. "alr0117, a two-component histidine kinase gene, is involved in heterocyst development in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120." Microbiology 150, no. 2 (2004): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26747-0.

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Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 was mutagenized by transposon Tn5-1087b, generating a mutant whose heterocysts lack the envelope polysaccharide layer. The transposon was located between nucleotides 342 and 343 of alr0117, a 918 bp gene encoding a histidine kinase for a two-component regulatory system. Complementation of the mutant with a DNA fragment containing alr0117 and targeted inactivation of the gene confirmed that alr0117 is involved in heterocyst development. RT-PCR showed that alr0117 was constitutively expressed in the presence or absence of a combined-nitrogen source. hepA and patB, the two g

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Olmedo-Verd, Elvira, Manuel Brenes-ï¿½lvarez, Agustï¿½n Vioque, and Alicia M. Muro-Pastor. "A Heterocyst-Specific Antisense RNA Contributes to Metabolic Reprogramming in Nostoc sp. PCC 7120." Plant and Cell Physiology 60, no. 8 (2019): 1646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz087.

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AbstractUpon nitrogen deficiency, some filamentous cyanobacteria differentiate specialized cells, called heterocysts, devoted to N2 fixation. Heterocysts appear regularly spaced along the filaments and exhibit structural and metabolic adaptations, such as loss of photosynthetic CO2 fixation or increased respiration, to provide a proper microaerobic environment for its specialized function. Heterocyst development is under transcriptional control of the global nitrogen regulator NtcA and the specific regulator HetR. Transcription of a large number of genes is induced or repressed upon nitrogen d

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Sakr, Samer, Melilotus Thyssen, Michel Denis, and Cheng-Cai Zhang. "Relationship among Several Key Cell Cycle Events in the Developmental Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 16 (2006): 5958–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00524-06.

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ABSTRACT When grown in the absence of a source of combined nitrogen, the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 develops, within 24 h, a differentiated cell type called a heterocyst that is specifically involved in the fixation of N2. Cell division is required for heterocyst development, suggesting that the cell cycle could control this developmental process. In this study, we investigated several key events of the cell cycle, such as cell growth, DNA synthesis, and cell division, and explored their relationships to heterocyst development. The results of analyses by flow cytom

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Meeks, John C., and Jeff Elhai. "Regulation of Cellular Differentiation in Filamentous Cyanobacteria in Free-Living and Plant-Associated Symbiotic Growth States." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 66, no. 1 (2002): 94–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.66.1.94-121.2002.

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SUMMARY Certain filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria generate signals that direct their own multicellular development. They also respond to signals from plants that initiate or modulate differentiation, leading to the establishment of a symbiotic association. An objective of this review is to describe the mechanisms by which free-living cyanobacteria regulate their development and then to consider how plants may exploit cyanobacterial physiology to achieve stable symbioses. Cyanobacteria that are capable of forming plant symbioses can differentiate into motile filaments called hormogonia

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Flores, Enrique, Rafael Pernil, Alicia M. Muro-Pastor, et al. "Septum-Localized Protein Required for Filament Integrity and Diazotrophy in the Heterocyst-Forming Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 10 (2007): 3884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00085-07.

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ABSTRACT Heterocysts, formed when filamentous cyanobacteria, such as Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, are grown in the absence of combined nitrogen, are cells that are specialized in fixing atmospheric nitrogen (N2) under oxic conditions and that transfer fixed nitrogen to the vegetative cells of the filament. Anabaena sp. mutants whose sepJ gene (open reading frame alr2338 of the Anabaena sp. genome) was affected showed filament fragmentation and arrested heterocyst differentiation at an early stage. In a sepJ insertional mutant, a layer similar to a heterocyst polysaccharide layer was formed, b

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Jones, Kathryn M., William J. Buikema, and Robert Haselkorn. "Heterocyst-Specific Expression of patB, a Gene Required for Nitrogen Fixation in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 7 (2003): 2306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.7.2306-2314.2003.

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ABSTRACT The patB gene product is required for growth and survival of the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 in the absence of combined nitrogen. A patB::gfp fusion demonstrated that this gene is expressed exclusively in heterocysts. patB mutants have a normal initial pattern of heterocyst spacing along the filament but differentiate excess heterocysts after several days in the absence of combined nitrogen. Expression of hetR and patS, two critical regulators of the heterocyst development cascade, are normal for patB mutants, indicating that patB acts downstream of them in

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Golden, James W., and Ho-Sung Yoon. "Heterocyst development in Anabaena." Current Opinion in Microbiology 6, no. 6 (2003): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2003.10.004.

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Risser, Douglas D., Francis C. Y. Wong, and John C. Meeks. "Biased inheritance of the protein PatN frees vegetative cells to initiate patterned heterocyst differentiation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 38 (2012): 15342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1207530109.

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Heterocysts, cells specialized for nitrogen fixation in certain filamentous cyanobacteria, appear singly in a nonrandom spacing pattern along the chain of vegetative cells. A two-stage, biased initiation and competitive resolution model has been proposed to explain the establishment of this spacing pattern. There is substantial evidence that competitive resolution of a subset of cells initiating differentiation occurs by interactions between a self-enhancing activator protein, HetR, and a diffusible pentapeptide inhibitor PatS-5 (RGSGR). Results presented here show that the absence of a unique

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Wu, Xiaoqiang, Duan Liu, Martin H. Lee, and James W. Golden. "patS Minigenes Inhibit Heterocyst Development of Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 19 (2004): 6422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.19.6422-6429.2004.

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ABSTRACT The patS gene encodes a small peptide that is required for normal heterocyst pattern formation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. PatS is proposed to control the heterocyst pattern by lateral inhibition. patS minigenes were constructed and expressed by different developmentally regulated promoters to gain further insight into PatS signaling. patS minigenes patS4 to patS8 encode PatS C-terminal 4 (GSGR) to 8 (CDERGSGR) oligopeptides. When expressed by P petE , P patS , or P rbcL promoters, patS5 to patS8 inhibited heterocyst formation but patS4 did not. In contrast to

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Videau, Patrick, Orion S. Rivers, Blake Ushijima, et al. "Mutation of themurCandmurBGenes Impairs Heterocyst Differentiation in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 8 (2016): 1196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01027-15.

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ABSTRACTTo stabilize cellular integrity in the face of environmental perturbations, most bacteria, including cyanobacteria, synthesize and maintain a strong, flexible, three-dimensional peptidoglycan lattice.Anabaenasp. strain PCC 7120 is a filamentous cyanobacterium capable of differentiating morphologically distinct nitrogen-fixing heterocyst cells in a periodic pattern. While heterocyst development has been shown to require proper peptidoglycan remodeling, the role of peptidoglycan synthesis has remained unclear. Here we report the identification of two peptidoglycan synthesis genes,murC(al

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Khudyakov, Ivan, Grigory Gladkov, and Jeff Elhai. "Inactivation of Three RG(S/T)GR Pentapeptide-Containing Negative Regulators of HetR Results in Lethal Differentiation of Anabaena PCC 7120." Life 10, no. 12 (2020): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10120326.

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The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 produces, during the differentiation of heterocysts, a short peptide PatS and a protein HetN, both containing an RGSGR pentapeptide essential for activity. Both act on the master regulator HetR to guide heterocyst pattern formation by controlling the binding of HetR to DNA and its turnover. A third small protein, PatX, with an RG(S/T)GR motif is present in all HetR-containing cyanobacteria. In a nitrogen-depleted medium, inactivation of patX does not produce a discernible change in phenotype, but its overexpression blocks heterocyst formatio

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Videau, Patrick, Orion S. Rivers, Kathryn Hurd, et al. "The heterocyst regulatory protein HetP and its homologs modulate heterocyst commitment in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 45 (2016): E6984—E6992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610533113.

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The commitment of differentiating cells to a specialized fate is fundamental to the correct assembly of tissues within a multicellular organism. Because commitment is often irreversible, entry into and progression through this phase of development must be tightly regulated. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, the multicellular cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 terminally commits ∼10% of its cells to become specialized nitrogen-fixing heterocysts. Although commitment is known to occur 9–14 h after the induction of differentiation, the factors that regulate the initiation and duration

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Baier, Kerstin, Heike Lehmann, Dirk Paul Stephan, and Wolfgang Lockau. "NblA is essential for phycobilisome degradation in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 but not for development of functional heterocysts." Microbiology 150, no. 8 (2004): 2739–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27153-0.

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Phycobilisomes (PBS) are the major light-harvesting complexes of cyanobacteria. These usually blue-coloured multiprotein assemblies are rapidly degraded when the organisms are starved for combined nitrogen. This proteolytic process causes a colour change of the cyanobacterial cells from blue-green to yellow-green (‘bleaching’). As is well documented for the unicellular, non-diazotrophic cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a gene termed nblA plays a key role in PBS degradation. Filamentous, diazotrophic cyanobacteria like Anabaena adapt to nitrogen dep

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Shi, Lei, Jian-Hong Li, Yong Cheng, Li Wang, Wen-Li Chen, and Cheng-Cai Zhang. "Two Genes Encoding Protein Kinases of the HstK Family Are Involved in Synthesis of the Minor Heterocyst-Specific Glycolipid in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 14 (2007): 5075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00323-07.

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ABSTRACT The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 can fix N2 under oxic conditions, and the activity of nitrogen fixation occurs exclusively in heterocysts, cells differentiated from vegetative cells in response to a limitation of a combined-nitrogen source in the growth medium. At the late stages of heterocyst differentiation, an envelope layer composed of two glycolipids is formed to limit the entry of oxygen so that the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase can function. The genome of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 possesses a family of 13 genes (the hstK family), all encoding prote

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Muro-Pastor, Alicia M., Ana Valladares, Enrique Flores, and Antonia Herrero. "The hetC Gene Is a Direct Target of the NtcA Transcriptional Regulator in Cyanobacterial Heterocyst Development." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 21 (1999): 6664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.21.6664-6669.1999.

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ABSTRACT The heterocyst is the site of nitrogen fixation in aerobically grown cultures of some filamentous cyanobacteria. Heterocyst development in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 is dependent on the global nitrogen regulator NtcA and requires, among others, the products of the hetR and hetC genes. Expression of hetC, tested by RNA- DNA hybridization, was impaired in an ntcA mutant. A nitrogen-regulated, NtcA-dependent putative transcription start point was localized at nucleotide −571 with respect to the hetC translational start. Sequences upstream from this transcription start point exhibit the

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Flores, Enrique, Silvia Picossi, Ana Valladares, and Antonia Herrero. "Transcriptional regulation of development in heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 1862, no. 7 (2019): 673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.04.006.

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Kim, Young-Saeng, Il-Sup Kim, Sun-Young Shin, Hyun-young Kim, Sung-Ho Kang, and Ho-Sung Yoon. "Epistatic Relationships of Two Regulatory Factors During Heterocyst Development." ALGAE 24, no. 2 (2009): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4490/algae.2009.24.2.085.

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Adams, D. G., and N. G. Carr. "Control of Heterocyst Development in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica." Microbiology 135, no. 4 (1989): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-135-4-839.

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Mishra, Arun K. "Fox- and Fix- mutants of Anabaena 7120 defective in heterocyst development and nitrogen fixation." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 108 (February 1, 2003): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/108/2003/75.

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Gollan, Peter J., Dorota Muth-Pawlak, and Eva-Mari Aro. "Rapid Transcriptional Reprogramming Triggered by Alteration of the Carbon/Nitrogen Balance Has an Impact on Energy Metabolism in Nostoc sp. PCC 7120." Life 10, no. 11 (2020): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10110297.

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Nostoc (Anabaena) sp. PCC 7120 is a filamentous cyanobacterial species that fixes N2 to nitrogenous compounds using specialised heterocyst cells. Changes in the intracellular ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N balance) is known to trigger major transcriptional reprogramming of the cell, including initiating the differentiation of vegetative cells to heterocysts. Substantial transcriptional analysis has been performed on Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 during N stepdown (low to high C/N), but not during C stepdown (high to low C/N). In the current study, we shifted the metabolic balance of Nostoc sp. PCC 712

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Aulfinger, H., E. B. Braun-Howland, S. Kannaiyan, and S. A. Nierzwicki-Bauer. "Ultrastructural changes of the endosymbionts of Azolla microphylla during megaspore germination and early plantlet development." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 11 (1991): 2489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-309.

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The ontological changes in cyanobacterial ultrastructure, including akinete germination and heterocyst differentiation, during the propagation of mature sporophytes from Azolla microphylla sporocarps were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Rehydrated Azolla megasporocarps contained cyanobacterial akinetes having a multilayered envelope and large amounts of cyanophycin and glycogen. Concomitant with the initial stages of sporocarp germination was the formation of vegetative cyanobacterial cells via germination of akinetes. Once fern plantlets had four visible leaves, vegetative cy

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El-Shehawy, R., C. Lugomela, A. Ernst, and B. Bergman. "Diurnal expression of hetR and diazocyte development in the filamentous non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum." Microbiology 149, no. 5 (2003): 1139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26170-0.

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The marine non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Trichodesmium fixes atmospheric N2 aerobically in light. In situ immunolocalization/light microscopy of NifH revealed that lighter, non-granulated cell regions observed correspond to the nitrogenase-containing diazocyte clusters in Trichodesmium IMS101. The number of diazocyte clusters per trichome varied from 0 to 4 depending on trichome length. The constant percentage of diazocytes (approx. 15 %) in cultured strains and five natural populations suggests a developmentally regulated differentiation process. Real-time RT-PCR showed that ntcA, encoding

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Hebbar, Pratibha B., and Stephanie E. Curtis. "Characterization of devH, a Gene Encoding a Putative DNA Binding Protein Required for Heterocyst Function inAnabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 12 (2000): 3572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.12.3572-3581.2000.

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ABSTRACT The devH gene was identified in a screen forAnabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 sequences whose transcripts increase in abundance during a heterocyst development time course. The product of devH contains a helix-turn-helix motif similar to the DNA binding domain of members of the cyclic AMP receptor protein family, and the protein is most closely related to the cyanobacterial transcriptional activator NtcA. devH transcripts are barely detectable in vegetative cells and are induced approximately fivefold after nitrogen starvation. This induction is absent in the two developmental mutants hetR

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Lechno-Yossef, Sigal, Qing Fan, Shigeki Ehira, Naoki Sato, and C. Peter Wolk. "Mutations in Four Regulatory Genes Have Interrelated Effects on Heterocyst Maturation in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 21 (2006): 7387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00974-06.

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ABSTRACT Regulatory genes hepK, hepN, henR, and hepS are required for heterocyst maturation in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. They presumptively encode two histidine kinases, a response regulator, and a serine/threonine kinase, respectively. To identify relationships between those genes, we compared global patterns of gene expression, at 14 h after nitrogen step-down, in corresponding mutants and in the wild-type strain. Heterocyst envelopes of mutants affected in any of those genes lack a homogeneous, polysaccharide layer. Those of a henR mutant also lack a glycolipid layer. patA, which encode

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Wang, Chun-Mei, Martin Ekman, and Birgitta Bergman. "Expression of Cyanobacterial Genes Involved in Heterocyst Differentiation and Dinitrogen Fixation Along a Plant Symbiosis Development Profile." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 17, no. 4 (2004): 436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.4.436.

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Members of the cyanobiont genus Nostoc, forming an endosymbiosis with members of the angiosperm genus Gunnera, undergo a number of characteristic phenotypic changes during the development of the symbiosis, the genetic background of which is largely unknown. Transcription patterns of genes related to heterocyst differentiation and dinitrogen fixation and corresponding protein profiles were examined, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blots, along a developmental (apex to mature parts) sequence in Gunnera magellanica and G. manicata and under mimicked symbiotic con

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Saha, S. K., and J. W. Golden. "Overexpression of pknE Blocks Heterocyst Development in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 193, no. 10 (2011): 2619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00120-11.

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Roussard-Jacquemin, Monique. "Effets de la carence en sodium sur la cytologie de la cyanobactérie Anabaena cylindrica Lemm." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 2 (1989): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-049.

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The effects of sodium deficiency on the distribution and the ultrastructural aspect of the various cell types in the filaments were studied during growth of Anabaena cylindrica (strain 1403/2A) in presence of different amounts of nitrate (0, 1 or 10 mequiv./L). Visible symptoms such as chlorosis and reduced growth were clearly apparent several days after inoculation only when nitrate was present in the medium. The filaments broke up and contained exclusively vegetative cells rich in polyglucan granules and showing ultrastructural analogies with akinetes. In absence of sodium increasing nitrate

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Golden, James W. "PatS Peptide Inhibits Heterocyst Development and Influences Pattern Formation in Anabaena." Biology & Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 102, no. 1 (2002): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3318/bioe.2002.102.1.57.

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Lu, Jing-jing, Lei Shi, Wen-li Chen, and Li Wang. "The regulation of HanA during heterocyst development in cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 30, no. 10 (2014): 2673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11274-014-1691-3.

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Rozen, Anat, Mordechay Schönfeld, and Elisha Tel-Or. "Fructose-Enhanced Development and Growth of the N2-Fixing Cyanobiont Anabaena azollae." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 43, no. 5-6 (1988): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1988-5-614.

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Fructose supported the heterotrophic growth of the cyanobiont Anabaena azollae, isolated from the water fern Azolla filiculoides, and also enhanced its growth in the light by 2-3-fold. Fructose was taken up at a high rate in the light and in the dark, in an energy-dependent reaction. The photosynthetic and respiratory activities of the fructose grown cells were modified: O2 evolution in vivo was decreased by 40%, while PS I activity and dark respiration were 2-3-fold higher than in autotrophically grown cells. These changes were accompanied by 2-3-fold increase in heterocyst differentiation an

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Adams, D. G. "The effect of DL-7-azatryptophan on heterocyst development in the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica." Journal of General Microbiology 138, no. 2 (1992): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-138-2-355.

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Aldea, M. Ramona, Rodrigo A. Mella-Herrera, and James W. Golden. "Sigma Factor Genes sigC, sigE, and sigG Are Upregulated in Heterocysts of the Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 22 (2007): 8392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00821-07.

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ABSTRACT We used gfp transcriptional fusions to investigate the regulation of eight sigma factor genes during heterocyst development in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. Reporter strains containing gfp fusions with the upstream regions of sigB2, sigD, sigI, and sigJ did not show developmental regulation. Time-lapse microscopy of sigC, sigE, and sigG reporter strains showed increased green fluorescent protein fluorescence in differentiating cells at 4 h, 16 h, and 9 h, respectively, after nitrogen step down.

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Wei, T. F., T. S. Ramasubramanian, and J. W. Golden. "Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 ntcA gene required for growth on nitrate and heterocyst development." Journal of Bacteriology 176, no. 15 (1994): 4473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.176.15.4473-4482.1994.

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