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Blackwelder, Reid B. « Hiram Walker Memorial Lecture : The Future of Family Medicine ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6942.
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Stewart, Bruce G. « Hiram Page : an historical and sociological analysis of an early Mormon prototype / ». Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1987. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTNZ,22835.
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Fehse, Christina [Verfasser], et Hiram [Akademischer Betreuer] Kümper. « Rintelner Weserzölle 1571-1621 - Eine Studie zum norddeutschen Transithandel / Christina Fehse ; Betreuer : Hiram Kümper ». Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121897107X/34.
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Kümper, Hiram [Verfasser]. « Sachsenrecht. : Studien zur Geschichte des sächsischen Landrechts in Mittelalter und früher Neuzeit. / Hiram Kümper ». Berlin : Duncker & ; Humblot, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1238363040/34.
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Wagner, Marco Michael [Verfasser], et Hiram [Akademischer Betreuer] Kümper. « Das Elementarschulwesen in der Kurpfalz von 1556 bis 1803 / Marco Michael Wagner ; Betreuer : Hiram Kümper ». Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130587479/34.
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English, Kathy. « Family ties and chains of ownership, The Expositor from Thomas Hiram Preston to Conrad Moffat Black, 1890-1997 ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0003/MQ32479.pdf.
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Hartley, Kelley A. « Stratigraphic Analysis of Areal Discontinuities of Late Wisonsinan Till Sheets Near Conneaut Lake, Northwestern Pennsylvania ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1248371875.
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Muñiz, Quesñay Jessica Edith. « Habilidades de información y comprensión lectora en los estudiantes de 3ro, 4to y 5to de primaria del Colegio Internacional Hiram Bingham ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3675.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El trabajo de investigación que a continuación se presenta tiene por objetivo señalar la relación existente entre la comprensión lectora y las habilidades de información en un grupo de estudiantesde un colegio privado en Lima, Perú; dado que estos estudiantestuvieron una instrucción previa en los aspectos mencionados, se planteóademás conocer el desarrollo tanto de la comprensión lectora como de las habilidades de información en este grupo y analizar estas últimas para localizar que habilidades de información son las que mejor se habían desarrollado y cuales faltaba trabajar.
El motivo que impulsóla investigación fue la observación de la conducta de los estudiantes integrantes de la población seleccionada pues a pesar que habían recibido instrucción previa en habilidades de información, continuaban exhibiendo algunas prácticas que indicaban que no se habían logrado desarrollar por completo algunas de esas habilidades, además esta investigación surgió ante la ausencia de instrumentos normalizados en nuestro país para medir las habilidades de información en estudiantes de educación básica, por tanto, la intención de esta investigación es también la formulación de un primer instrumento de medición para ser aplicado a estudiantes de educación básica primaria de colegios privados.
La hipótesis principal es la existencia de una relación directa entre la comprensión lectora y las habilidades de información, otras hipótesis específicas plantean que ambos aspectos tienen un desarrollo alto en la población estudiada y que la habilidad de búsqueda de información es la que más desarrollo ha alcanzado entre las cinco habilidades de información y la habilidad de uso ético de la información es la que menor desarrollo ha alcanzado.
El presente estudio tiene un diseño descriptivo correlacional, la evidencia empírica se apoyó en dos instrumentos de recolección de datos, una prueba que mide la comprensión lectora (ECLE 1 y 2) ampliamente adaptada y validada en Perú y la traducción y adaptación del cuestionario TRAILS que mide habilidades de información en la educación básica, estos se aplicaron a una muestra de 96 participantes, 32 estudiantes de tercer, cuarto y quinto grado pertenecientes a un colegio privado que atiende a estratos económicos altos, ubicado en el distrito de Santiago de Surco en Lima, Perú.
La tesis en su conjunto comprende los siguientes capítulos:
El capítulo I, contiene el planteamiento y la formulación del problema; los objetivos, la justificación y las limitaciones, además de la hipótesis, las variables e indicadores del estudio.
El capítulo II, desarrolla la fundamentación teórica a través del marco teórico conceptual de los temas sobre habilidades de información y comprensión lectora.
El capítulo III, describe la metodología, población y muestra y los procesos que se realizaron al adaptar la herramienta de medición de habilidades de información así como los procesos de establecimiento de validez y confiabilidad.
El capítulo IV, contiene el análisis de los resultados.
Finalmente se incluyen las conclusiones y recomendaciones correspondientes y los anexos.
A través de este trabajo se busca que se preste mayor atención a la relación entre las habilidades de información y la comprensión lectora, especialmente en los grados de educación básica primaria pues ello permitirá comprender que apoyo se da al desarrollo de estas habilidades y ayudará a tomar las decisiones educativas necesarias.Tesis
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Pister, Sarah [Verfasser], et Hiram [Akademischer Betreuer] Kümper. « Stadtfremde in Mannheim. Zur Aufnahme und Integration von In- und Ausländern in eine landesherrliche Stadt des späten 18. und frühen 19. Jahrhunderts / Sarah Pister ; Betreuer : Hiram Kümper ». Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226662609/34.
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Souza, Fernandes Hiram [Verfasser], Benno [Gutachter] Werlen et Wendel Henrique [Gutachter] Baumgartner. « Urban social movements and their struggles towards the "right to the city" : protest and creativity as determinant features of democratic cities in Germany and Brazil / Hiram Souza Fernandes ; Gutachter : Benno Werlen, Wendel Henrique Baumgartner ». Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1205884211/34.
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Farrugia, Luke Nicholas. « Kinetics and mechanistic studies in the HIRAC chamber ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6897/.
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Atmospheric chambers are integral in the understanding of key issues surrounding the atmosphere. Atmospheric chemical processes can be studied both kinetically and mechanistically under predetermined and controlled conditions to better understand VOC oxidation processes occurring in the atmosphere. Wide arrays of atmospheric chambers enable the underpinning of key issues surrounding the behaviour of atmospheric trace gases and aerosols. Moreover, their input has also spread increasingly into mechanism development and development of new methods for detecting and investigating trace gases by intercomparison of different measuring instruments. The Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry (HIRAC) chamber at the University of Leeds is a 2.25 m3 stainless steel reactor that allows the study of a wide range of kinetics and mechanistic investigations over the full range of tropospheric temperatures and pressures. A temperature control system has been setup and tested in HIRAC. Absolute rate measurements ozonolysis reactions with propene were performed over a temperature range of 220 – 320 K to characterise this system. Relative rate measurements have also been used to measure the kinetics of a number of reactions, using Gas Chromatography (GC-FID) and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectrometry detection. An investigation of chlorine atom reactions with butanes and pentanes over a similar temperature range relevant to the entire troposphere were performed and branching ratios calculated over varying temperatures using GC and FTIR detection. High precision measurements were also obtained for several chlorine atom reactions and the rate coefficients of a series of higher ketones, esters and alkanes were generated in HIRAC using this method. GC-FID and FTIR were also useful in a preliminary investigation on the reaction of chlorine atoms with ethanol, and initial results on HCl and DCl ratios were obtained from this study. Relative rate experiments were also useful in the assessment of different OH radical generation techniques under low NOx conditions. A characterisation of tert-butyl hydroperoxide photolysis in HIRAC was performed under low NOx conditions utilising the HIRAC FAGE for absolute OH measurements.
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Polanski, Stefan. « Simulation der indischen Monsunzirkulation mit dem Regionalen Klimamodell HIRHAM ». Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5250/.
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In dieser Arbeit wird das regionale Klimamodell HIRHAM mit einer horizontalen Auflösung von 50 km und 19 vertikalen Schichten erstmals auf den asiatischen Kontinent angewendet, um die indische Monsunzirkulation unter rezenten und paläoklimatischen Bedingungen zu simulieren. Das Integrationsgebiet des Modells erstreckt sich von etwa 0ºN - 50ºN und 42ºE - 110ºE und bedeckt dabei sowohl die hohe Topographie des Himalajas und Tibet Plateaus als auch den nördlichen Indischen Ozean. Das Ziel besteht in der Beschreibung der regionalen Kopplung zwischen der Monsunzirkulation und den orographischen sowie diabatischen Antriebsmechanismen.
Eine 44-jährige Modellsimulation von 1958-2001, die am seitlichen und unteren Rand von ECMWF Reanalysen (ERA40) angetrieben wird, bildet die Grundlage für die Validierung der Modellergebnisse mit Beobachtungen auf der Basis von Stations- und Gitterdatensätzen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der atmosphärischen Zirkulation, der Temperatur und dem Niederschlag im Sommer- und Wintermonsun, wobei die Qualität des Modells sowohl in Bezug zur langfristigen und dekadischen Klimatologie als auch zur interannuellen Variabilität evaluiert wird. Im Zusammenhang mit einer realistischen Reproduktion der Modelltopographie kann für die Muster der Zirkulation und Temperatur eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Modell und Daten nachgewiesen werden. Der simulierte Niederschlag zeigt eine bessere Übereinstimmung mit einem hoch aufgelösten Gitterdatensatz über der Landoberfläche Zentralindiens und in den Hochgebirgsregionen, der den Vorteil des Regionalmodells gegenüber der antreibenden Reanalyse hervorhebt.
In verschiedenen Fall- und Sensitivitätsstudien werden die wesentlichen Antriebsfaktoren des indischen Monsuns (Meeresoberflächentemperaturen, Stärke des winterlichen Sibirischen Hochs und Anomalien der Bodenfeuchte) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass die Simulation dieser Mechanismen auch mit einem Regionalmodell sehr schwierig ist, da die Komplexität des Monsunsystems hochgradig nichtlinear ist und die vor allem subgridskalig wirkenden Prozesse im Modell noch nicht ausreichend parametrisiert und verstanden sind.
Ein paläoklimatisches Experiment für eine 44-jährige Zeitscheibe im mittleren Holozän (etwa 6000 Jahre vor heute), die am Rand von einer globalen ECHAM5 Simulation angetrieben wird, zeigt markante Veränderungen in der Intensität des Monsuns durch die unterschiedliche solare Einstrahlung, die wiederum Einflüsse auf die SST, die Zirkulation und damit auf die Niederschlagsmuster hat.In this study the regional climate model HIRHAM with a horizontal resolution of 50 km and 19 vertical levels is applied over the Asian continent to simulate the Indian monsoon circulation under present-day and past conditions. The integration domain extends from 0ºN - 50ºN and 42ºE - 110ºE and covers the high topography of Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau as well as the northern Indian Ocean. The main objective is the description of the regional coupling between monsoon circulation and orographic as well as thermal driving mechanisms of monsoon. A 44-years long simulation from 1958-2001, driven at the lateral and lower boundaries by European reanalysis (ERA40), is the basis for the validation of model results with observations based on station and gridded data sets. The focus is on the the long-term and decadal summer and winter monsoon climatology and its variability concerning atmospheric circulation, temperature and precipitation. The results successfully reproduce the observations due to a realistic simulation of topographic features. The simulated precipitation shows a better agreement with a high-resolution gridded data set over the central land areas of India and in the higher elevated Tibetan and Himalayan regions than ERA40. In different case and sensitivity studies the main driving mechanisms of the Indian monsoon (Sea Surface Temperatures, strength of the Siberian High in winter and soil moisture anomalies) are investigated. The results show, that the simulation of these mechanisms with a regional climate model is also difficult related to the complex non linear monsoon system and the small-scale processes, which are not just sufficiently parameterized and understood in the model. A paleoclimatic experiment for a 44-years long time slice in mid-holocene (6000 years before present), which is driven by a global ECHAM5 simulation, shows significant changes in the monsoon intensity due to the different solar forcing, which influences the SST, the circulation and the precipitation.
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Farmer, Hanna Louise. « Functional analysis of HIRA, a putative transcriptional regulator ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367739.
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Odermatt, Alex. « Two P-type ATPases effecting copper homeostasis in Enterococcus hirae / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Bonnet, Marion. « Optimisation et développement de milieux de culture ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0584.
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Du fait de la découverte de nouvelles espèces bactériennes grâce à la technique de culturomics consistant à utiliser un grand nombre de milieux de culture et de conditions de culture, la culture bactérienne a connu un nouvel essor. Il est nécessaire de développer des milieux de culture sélectifs afin d’isoler des bactéries spécifiques. En effet, certaines bactéries ont une grande importance en santé humaine et notamment dans l’induction de la réponse à certains traitements anti-cancéreux. Identifier rapidement ces bactéries dans le microbiote intestinal des malades pourra permettre un gain de temps dans la prise en charge de leur maladie. De plus, arriver à cultiver dans un même milieu les bactéries anaérobies et aérobies en conditions d’aérobiose permettrait également une plus grande rapidité dans le rendu des résultats et le traitement des patients en cas d’infection. Ce travail de thèse a été divisé en quatre objectifs : établir les éléments essentiels à l’élaboration d’un milieu de culture et à la croissance des bactéries, mettre au point un milieu de culture qui permette l’isolement de la bactérie Enterococcus hirae, optimiser un milieu de culture qui permette à la fois la croissance des bactéries anaérobies et aérobies en conditions d’aérobiose, développer une technique qui permette d’hydrater en continu la géloseDue to the discovery of new bacterial species through the culturomics technique of using a large number of culture media and culture conditions, bacterial culture has experienced a new boom. It is necessary to develop selective culture media in order to isolate specific bacteria. Indeed, certain bacteria have a great importance in human health and in particular in the induction of the response to certain anti-cancer treatments. Quickly identifying these bacteria in the patients' intestinal microbiota can save time in the management of their disease. In addition, the ability to culture anaerobic and aerobic bacteria in the same medium under aerobic conditions would also allow for faster results and treatment of patients in the event of infection. This thesis work has been divided into four objectives: establish the essential elements for the development of a culture medium and the growth of bacteria, develop a culture medium that allows the isolation of Enterococcus hirae bacteria, optimize a culture medium that allows both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria to grow under aerobic conditions, and develop a technique that allows agar to be continuously hydrated
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Daillere, Romain. « Impact du microbiote intestinal sur l’efficacité anti-tumorale de la chimiothérapie par cyclophosphamide ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS073.
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Plus de 50 ans après son approbation par les agences réglementaires, le cyclophosphamide (CTX) reste une drogue aux propriétés variées et aux effets pléiotropiques couramment utilisée en clinique. Cet agent cytotoxique, administré en cancérologie, possède des propriétés immuno-modulatrices et stimule les réponses immunitaires anti-tumorales. A doses métronomiques, le CTX induit notamment une polarisation des splénocytes CD4+ vers un profil Th1 et Th17, caractérisés par la sécrétion d’IFNet d’IL-17, nécessaire à l’activité tumoricide du CTX. Comme tout agent cytotoxique, le CTX cible les cellules en prolifération, qu’elles soient normales ou cancéreuses. Le CTX compromet ainsi l’intégrité de la barrière intestinale et l’homéostasie du tractus digestif. Nous avons démontré que l’individu sous CTX a une fragilisation de la barrière intestinale qui permet la rupture de la tolérance de celui-ci à sa flore commensale et son immunisation contre certaines espèces bactériennes. L’immunisation anti-bactérienne est composée de lymphocytes effecteurs CD4+, appelés « Th17 pathogéniques » et producteurs d’IL-17 et d’IFN, qui aident les lymphocytes anti-tumoraux à endiguer la croissance de tumeurs chez la souris. Nous avons mis en évidence que la stérilisation des animaux avec des antibiotiques à large spectre ou ciblant certaines populations bactériennes comme la vancomycine (ciblant les Gram+) et la colistine (ciblant les Gram-), abrogent l’efficacité anti-tumorale du CTX. Par ailleurs, nous avons identifié deux bactéries, une bactérie Gram+ Enterococcus hirae, capable de restaurer l’efficacité de cette chimiothérapie en induisant la polarisation de réponses Th1 et pTh17 stimulant la mise en place de réponses lymphocytaires T CD4 et T CD8 dirigées contre des antigènes tumoraux et une bactérie Gram- Barnesiella intestinihominis, impliquée dans la mise en place de réponses mémoires induites par la combinaison CTX+vaccin. Ces travaux démontrent ainsi l’importance de la flore intestinale dans la réponse à la chimiothérapie par CTXMore than 50 years after its approval by the Food and Drug Administration, cyclophosphamide (CTX) remains a drug with miscellaneous properties currently used in anti-cancer chemotherapy. This cytotoxic agent has immuno-modulatory properties and stimulate anti-tumoral immune responses. At metronomic doses, CTX induces the polarisation of splenocytes toward a Th1 and Th17 profile, characterized by the secretion of IFN et IL-17, both mandatory for the tumoricidal activity of this drug. CTX, as cytotoxic agent, targets proliferating cells, either normal or tumoral. Indeed, CTX is responsible for disrupting the gut barrier integrity as well as intestinal homeostasis. We have shown that people treated with CTX have a weaker intestinal barrier which breaks the tolerance toward the intestinal microbiota and leads to its immunization against some bacterial strains. This immunization is composed of CD4+ effector lymphocytes called « pathogenic Th17 » producing IFN and IL-17, which helps tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to control the tumor growth in mice. Broad spectrum antibiotics as well as vancomycin (which mainly kills Gram positive bacteria) and colistin (which mainly eliminates Gram negative bacteria) all compromised the full-blown anticancer activity of CTX in vivo. Moreover, we have identified two bacteria, Enterococcus hirae and Barnesiella intestinihominis, able to rescue the efficacy of CTX abolished with antibiotics. E. hirae, a Gram+ bacterium, elicits Th1 immune responses and pathogenic Th17 cells capable of enhancing tumor-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses against candidate tumor antigens associated with tumor control. B. intestinihominis, a Gram- bacterium, was able to rescue the long term cognate responses lost with broad spectrum antibiotics or colistin treatment. Our data underscore the role of the gut microbiota in the efficacy of chemotherapy by CTX
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Wise, Philip John Surtees. « Effects of HIRA deficiency on differentiating and dividing mammalian cells ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9570.
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HIRA is one of the chaperones of histone variant H3.3. Deficiency of HIRA or its homologues in S. cerevisiae, S. pombe, Drosophila and chicken has been associated with both activating and repressing effects on euchromatic gene transcription, with gene silencing defects in pericentromeric heterochromatin and with mitotic defects including an extension of cell cycle length. At the organism level, homozygous Hira knockout is embryonically lethal in mice. Several previously established mouse strains have a transgene inserted into a variety of genomic locations including regions of putative facultative heterochromatin and constitutive (pericentromeric) heterochromatin where it displays position effect variegation (PEV) in that the transgene is stochastically silenced in a proportion of T cells. The effects of HIRA deficiency on PEV of this transgene showed that HIRA was necessary for PEV in putative facultative heterochromatin and it appeared that, in this environment, it played a role both in the rate of establishment (during T cell development) and in the maintenance of PEV (in mature T cells). This was in contrast to its effect in constitutive (pericentromeric) heterochromatin where Hira knockout in vivo had no effect on the variegation of a transgene. On the other hand, the reduction in variegation usually induced by T cell activation was lessened by HIRA deficiency in another mouse strain where the transgene was located in close proximity to pericentromeric heterochromatin. The contribution of HIRA to the extent of expression changes in facultative heterochromatin was consistent with delays observed in the normal transcriptional changes of some genes during the differentiation of HIRA deficient murine ES cells. In common with S. pombe and chicken, cell cycle delay in G2/M was seen in HIRA deficient murine cell lines. This is believed to be the first observation of this effect in mammalian cells suggesting evolutionary conservation of this function.
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Algazeery, Ahmed. « La Yemanucléine de Drosophile est nécessaire à la méiose ovocytaire et l’assemblage de la chromatine paternelle dans le zygote ». Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T034/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La reproduction sexuée repose sur deux processus fondamentaux : la méiose qui permet la formation des gamètes dont le génome est haploïde et la syngamie qui permet, après fécondation, de restaurer la diploïdie par fusion des deux noyaux parentaux haploïdes. Alors que la méiose repose respectivement sur le génome maternel pour l'ovocyte et paternel pour le spermatozoïde, la restauration de la diploïdie dans le zygote repose exclusivement sur le génome maternel. Si un pronucleus maternel compétent pour la réplication est formé au terme de la méiose ovocytaire, le génome paternel quant à lui, n'acquiert cette compétence que sous l'influence de facteurs maternels. En effet, à la fin de la méiose, le génome paternel est « empaqueté » avec des protamines qui le rendent inactif pour toute fonction biologique, en particulier la réplication. L'éviction des protamines et leur remplacement par des histones maternelles sont des étapes indispensables à l'acquisition par le génome paternel de sa compétence à la réplication, préalable à la syngamie. Tous ces événements doivent être extrêmement coordonnés afin de permettre à un premier noyau zygotique comportant les deux lots de chromosomes parentaux de se former et d'entrer dans le premier cycle mitotique.Notre laboratoire a identifié yemanuclein-alpha, aussi appelé yemanuclein (yem) dans un crible moléculaire pour des gènes exprimés spécifiquement dans la lignée germinale femelle, et son premier allèle muté yem1. Cette mutation ponctuelle (V478E) a été identifiée dans un crible génétique de « stérilité femelle ». Une descendance exceptionnelle observée chez les femelles yem1, présente la propriété inattendue d'être parthénogénétique. Cette propriété révèle un double défaut chez le mutant : dans le processus de méiose ovocytaire qui conduit à la formation d'un pronucleus maternel haploïde mais aussi dans la formation d'un pronucleus paternel compétent pour la syngamie. Mes travaux de thèse ont porté sur les deux aspects de la fonction de la Yemanucléine. En conjuguant des méthodes de génétique, de biochimie, et de biologie cellulaire, nous avons pu mettre en évidence des fonctions essentielles de la Yemanucléine dans les étapes initiales de la prophase méiotique de l'ovocyte de drosophile. Nous avons pu montrer que la Yemanucléine joue un rôle clé dans la recombinaison méiotique et plus particulièrement dans la fréquence et la cinétique d'apparition des cassures double brin. Son association au complexe synaptonémal et au complexe cohésine, tous deux connus comme étant nécessaires à la ségrégation chromosomique, est un élément clé de cette fonction.Outre cette fonction méiotique, la Yemanucléine, facteur maternel, est aussi requise pour l'assemblage de la chromatine du pronucleus paternel. Nous montrons dans ce manuscrit qu'elle joue ce rôle à travers son action dans un troisième complexe, en partenariat avec la protéine HIRA. Le complexe multiprotéique contenant la protéine HIRA est connu pour sa fonction de chaperon du variant de l'histone H3.3 et son rôle dans l'assemblage de la chromatine du pronucleus paternel. La Yemanucléine est le premier membre de la famille HPC2/UBN1 caractérisé. Son rôle dans l'assemblage des nucléosomes découplé de la réplication est décrit pour la première fois dans ce manuscrit. C'est aussi la première fois qu'une protéine spécifique de la reproduction est décrite pour son implication à deux étapes clés de ce processusSexual reproduction relies on two key events: formation of cells with a haploid genome through meiosis and restoration of diploidy through syngamy in the zygote. Meiosis completion is supported exclusively by the maternal genome for the oocyte and the paternal genome for the sperm cell. In contrast diploidy restoration in the zygote is entirely dependent on maternal factors. At the end of meiosis the maternal pronucleus is competent for replication, whereas the paternal genome is packed with protamines. These proteins need to be removed in the zygote and replaced by maternally provided histones before the paternal genome acquires competence for replication, a prerequisite for syngamy. All these events must be highly coordinated to allow the first zygotic nucleus to form with the two sets of parental chromosomes and enter the first mitotic cycle. Our laboratory has identified yemanuclein-alpha, also called yemanuclein (yem) in a molecular screen for genes specifically expressed in the female germ line and its first mutant allele yem1, in a female sterile screen. The role played by yem not only in the meiotic process through which a haploid maternal pronucleus is formed but also in the zygotic process that makes a paternal pronucleus competent for syngamy, is underscored by the obtention of exceptional parthenogenetic progeny from yem1 mothers.My thesis work is precisely dedicated to the analysis of both aspects of Yemanuclein function: in the oocyte and the zygote. Using genetic, biochemical and cell biology methods we were able to uncover essential functions of Yemanuclein in early meiotic prophase in the Drosophila oocyte. Using yem1 allele (V478E), we could show its requirement for meiotic recombination especially for the frequency and timing of the double strand breaks formation. Yemanuclein association with two protein complexes, the Synaptonemal Complex (SC) and the Cohesin complex known to be required for proper chromosome segregation, supports these findings. Beyond its meiotic function, Yemanuclein is also required in the zygote for assembly of paternal pronucleus chromatin. This is achieved through a third complex that acts as histone H3.3 chaperone. In the present manuscript we identify Yemanuclein as a partner of HIRA in its role in H3.3 nucleosome assembly and deposition on the paternal pronucleus. Interestingly Yemanuclein is the first member of the HPC2/UBN1 protein family ever characterized. The role of Yem/ HPC2/ UBN1 in replication independent chromatin remodeling remained elusive until very recently. Our work is original in that it is the first to report on a role of one member of this family in oocyte meiosis and paternal chromatin assembly in the zygote
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Martin, Katherine Anne. « Characterisation of the 'Schizosaccharomyces pombe' HIRA-like proteins Hip1 and Slm9 ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417549.
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Amarin, Ruba. « HURRICANE WIND SPEED AND RAIN RATE MEASUREMENTS USING THE AIRBORNE HURRICANE IMAGING RADIOMETER (HIRAD) ». Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3219.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation presents results for an end-to-end computer simulation of a new airborne microwave remote sensor, the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer, HIRAD, which will provide improved hurricane surveillance. The emphasis of this research is the retrieval of hurricane-force wind speeds in the presence of intense rain and over long atmospheric slant path lengths that are encountered across its wide swath. Brightness temperature (Tb) simulations are performed using a forward microwave radiative transfer model (RTM) that includes an ocean surface emissivity model at high wind speeds developed especially for HIRAD high incidence angle measurements and a rain model for the hurricane environment. Also included are realistic sources of errors (e.g., instrument NEDT, antenna pattern convolution of scene Tb, etc.), which are expected in airborne hurricane observations. Case studies are performed using 3D environmental parameters produced by numerical hurricane models for actual hurricanes. These provide realistic  nature runs of rain, water vapor, clouds and surface winds from which simulated HIRAD Tb s are derived for various flight tracks from a high altitude aircraft. Using these simulated HIRAD measurements, Monte Carlo retrievals of wind speed and rain rate are performed using available databases of sea surface temperatures and climatological hurricane atmospheric parameters (excluding rain) as a priori information. Examples of retrieved hurricane wind speed and rain rate images are presented, and comparisons of the retrieved parameters with the numerical model data are made. Statistical results are presented over a broad range of wind and rain conditions and as a function of path length over the full swath.Ph.D.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering PhD
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Khan, Hira Md Nuruzzaman [Verfasser], et Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Zharnikov. « Chemical Lithography with Monomolecular Templates / Md. Nuruzzaman Khan Hira ; Betreuer : Michael Zharnikov ». Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1177811138/34.
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Anderson, Holly Elizabeth. « The composition and function of the fission yeast HIRA histone chaperone complex ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582171.
Texte intégralRésumé :
HIRA proteins are members of an evolutionarily conserved family of WD repeat containing histone chaperones that have been implicated in nucleosome assembly. They are known to function in multi-subunit complexes and accordingly the S. pombe HIRA proteins, Hip1 and Slm9, interact with a structurally unrelated protein called Hip3. This study has identified and characterised a fourth component of the HIRA complex, which is encoded by SPBC947.08c and has been named Hip4. Hip4 is homologous to S. cerevisiae Hpc2 and eo- immunoprecipitates with each of the previously identified HIRA complex subunits. Deletion of hip4+ leads to defects that are associated with inactivation of the HIRA complex. These include temperature sensitivity, hypersensitivity to spindle damage and defective silencing at pericentric regions and at the mat locus. Thus Hip4 is required for the integrity of heterochromatin. Consistent with this, loss of the HIRA complex leads to the accumulation of transcripts derived from centromeric repeats. However, HIRA function is not restricted to heterochromatic regions as microarray analysis revealed increased expression of at least 4% of fission yeast genes in HIRA mutants. HIRA-regulated genes overlap with targets of the Clr6 histone deacetylase, the silenced genes located in subtelomeric regions and the Tf2 long terminal repeat retrotransposons. The HIRA complex is also required for the suppression of cryptic antisense transcripts at a number of loci. Furthermore HIRA is essential in the absence of the nuclear exosome, which degrades illegitimate transcripts, consistent with a widespread role for HIRA in the suppression of spurious transcription. These findings suggest that HIRA restricts access to the genome, and consistent with this, the chromosomes of HIRA complex mutants exhibit increased susceptibility to bleomycin induced breakage. Analysis of the relationships between HIRA and other histone chaperones revealed that HIRA is essential in the absence of Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 (CAF-l). Furthermore these experiments revealed a role for the s. pombe homologue of Asfl, CialAsf1, in the suppression of antisense transcription. Therefore HIRA and CialAsf1 may cooperate to maintain nucleosomes in transcribed regions.
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Mauro, Didier. « Madagascar, le theatre du peuple : l'art hira gasy entre rebellion et tradition ». Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030089.
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Olsen, Arvid. « Snow or rain ? - A matter of wet-bulb temperature ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302913.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Accurate precipitation-type forecasts are essential in many areas of our modern society andtherefore there is a need to develop proper working methods for this purpose. Focus of thiswork has been to study important physical processes decisive in deciding both the temperatureof the precipitation particles, hence affecting their phase, and the surrounding air. Two majorlatent heating effects have been emphasized, melting effect and cooling byevaporation/sublimation. Melting of the snow flakes subtracts heat from the surroundings andhence acts as a cooling agent. Phase transformation from solid/liquid into the gas phase alsoneeds heat which here results in a cooling tendency. These two mechanisms may sometimeshave a crucial influence for deciding the correct precipitation-type. The melting effect isdiscussed in a paper about a snow event in Tennessee in USA, and another paper describingan event in Japan showing the influence of the evaporation/sublimation process. In the lattercase the wet-bulb temperature, Tiw as a physical correct discriminator between snow and rainis obtained. A numerical weather prediction model (HIRLAM) is being used to study differentcondensation schemes during three weather situations occurring in Sweden. These areRasch/Kristjánsson condensation scheme, Sundqvist original condensation scheme and amodification of the latter scheme. In the modified Sundqvist condensation scheme the Tiw hasbeen implemented as a limit temperature between snow and rain. The results are showingdifferences between the two main schemes concerning the total precipitation (both snow andrain). Comparisons between Sundqvist condensation scheme and this modified version, calledSundqvist scheme with Tiw show that this latter version creates slightly more snow.Differences between them are largest in dryer areas. Differences in the snow accumulationincrease when the forecast length increases. That makes them harder to be compared to snowanalyses from MESAN (mesoscale analysis) because the analyses is partly based ondifferences in the snow depth and this cannot be directly compared to amount of newly fallensnow especially when surface air temperatures are above freezing. Deviations from the dataanalyses are obtained in both Sundqvist and Sundqvist scheme with Tiw but in some regionsthe latter is in better agreement with measurements. Further work is needed in precipitationtypestudies but the physical correct value with Tiw = 0 ºC as melting temperature used inSundqvist with Tiw scheme is an interesting project for the future in the field of precipitationtypeforecasting.Sammanfattning av ”Regn eller snö? En fråga om våta temperaturen” Noggranna prognoser beträffande nederbördstyp är väldigt viktiga inom många områden isamhället. Det finns därför ett behov att utveckla bra metoder att avgöra om nederbördenfaller som regn eller snö. Viktiga fysikaliska processer är avgörande för nederbördens och denomgivande luftens temperatur; processernas kritiska betydelse för dess fas har satts i fokus.De två största latenta värmeeffekterna, avkylning genom smältning och genomavdunstning/sublimation har betonats. Smältning av snöflingorna extraherar värme frånomgivningen och därmed sänks temperaturen. Avdunstning och sublimation erfordrar värmeför fastransformation vilket även här tas från omgivningen och därmed en kylande effekt somföljd. Dessa två latenta värmeeffekter har ibland kritisk betydelse för nederbördstypen vidmarkytan och detta diskuteras dels i en artikel om en vädersituation från Tennessee (Kain etal., 2000) där smälteffekten fick avgörande betydelse för nederbördsfasen vid markytan, dels istudier från Japan där betydelsen av avdunstning och sublimation på nederbördstypenbetonats (Matsuo and Sasyo, 1981). I det senare fallet tydliggörs isobara våta temperaturenoch dess betydelse som diskriminator mellan regn och snö. En numerisk vädermodell (HIRLAM) har använts för att studera olika typer avkondensationsscheman och deras betydelse för nederbörden under tre olika väderskeenden iSverige. Dessa är Rasch/Kristjánssons kondensationsschema, Sundqvistskondensationsschema samt en något ändrad variant av Sundqvists kondensationsschema dären subrutin för beräknandet av Tiw har implementerats och ersatt den vanliga temperaturen iden del av schemat som beräknar smältning av nederbörd i fast form. Smälttemperaturen harsedan satts till 0ºC. Resultatet visar skillnader mellan Rasch/Kristjánssons schema ochSundqvists schema beträffande total 12 timmars nederbörd (regn och snö). Vissa periodertenderar Sundqvists kondensationsschema att överproducera nederbörden medan under andraperioder är det Rasch/Kristjánssons schema, som överproducerar jämfört mednederbördsobservationer. Jämförelser mellan Sundqvists schema och Sundqvists schema medTiw visar att den senare producerar mer ackumulerad snömängd med de största skillnaderna iområden som avviker mest från mättnad (100 %). Där finner vi också större differensermellan den vanliga temperaturen och Tiw. Skillnaden blir större när vi ökar den totala tiden förackumulerad snömängd men dessa värden blir då också svårare att verifiera med snöanalyserfrån MESAN. Detta då snöanalyserna bygger på skillnader mellan aktuell och föregåendeobserverade snödjup. Detta behöver ej alls vara lika med den verkliga mängden nysnö somfallit, speciellt under mätperioder då det är plusgrader. Avvikelser från snöanalyserna kannoteras i både Sundqvists schema och Sundqvists schema med Tiw. I vissa regioner är docksnöprognosen från den senare något bättre. Det fysikaliskt korrekta värdet av Tiw = 0ºC somsmältgräns mellan regn och snö istället för den vanliga temperaturen, utgör grunden förintressanta framtida studier beträffande nederbörd och nederbördstyp.
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Badja, Cherif. « Optimisation de la différenciation neuronale et musculaire de cellules pluripotentes induites humaines pour la modélisation des maladies rares : exemple du syndrome de DiGeorge ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5027/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le syndrome de DiGeorge ou microdélétion 22q11.2, est la délétion chromosomique la plus fréquente chez les êtres humains. Cette délétion est liée à la recombinaison homologue non-allélique au cours de la méiose induisant la perte d’en moyenne 40 gènes. Les études de corrélation génotype/phénotype chez les patients ont révélé des différences phénotypiques entre individus et cela indépendamment de la taille des microdélétions. L’hypothèse de l’implication des mécanismes épigénétiques dans la variabilité phénotypique observée a été soulevée mais reste encore inexplorée. C’est dans ce contexte que nous nous intéressons à l’étude des mécanismes épigénétiques au cours du développement, dans cette pathologie à travers l’utilisation d’un modèle de cellules souches pluripotentes induites humaines (hiPSs). En particulier, nous avons ciblé nos travaux sur le rôle de la chaperonne d’histone HIRA dont le gène est localisé dans la région délétée. HIRA est impliquée dans la déposition du variant d’histone H3.3, une histone majeure dans le cerveau. Afin de comprendre l’implication de HIRA dans les manifestations neurologique du syndrome de DiGeorge et en particulier dans la schizophrénie, nous avons développé et optimisé un nouveau protocole pour la différenciation de cellules hiPSCs en progéniteurs neuronaux, neurones corticaux et neurones dopaminergiques. L’ensemble de ces travaux ouvre donc de nouvelles perspectives pour la modélisation d’un grand nombre de pathologies, et dans le contexte du laboratoire, pour l’exploration des mécanismes épigénétiques associés à la variabilité phénotypique dans différentes maladies génétiquesThe DiGeorge syndrome also known as 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome, is the most common deletion in humans. This deletion is linked to a non-allelic homologous recombination that occurs during meiosis and involves sequences called LCRs for "Low Copy Repeats". Depending on the LCRs involved, different deletions are observed, inducing the loss of approximately 40 genes. The absence of genotype/phenotype correlation in patients and the phenotypical differences regardless of the size of the microdeletion suggests the involvement of additional parameter. The hypothesis of epigenetic changes associated with the onset or variability of symptoms has been suggested but never investigated. In order to tackle this question, we decided to focus our attention of the role of the HIRA histone chaperone encoded by a gene located in the 22q11.2-deleted region. HIRA is involved in the deposition of the H3.3 histone variant, one of the main histone in the brain. In order to determine whether HIRA is implicated in the neurological manifestations in DiGeorge patients and particularly in schizophrenia, we developed and optimized a new protocol for the direct differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSCs) into neural progenitors, cortical and dopaminergic neurons. In parallel, we developed a new protocol for hiPSCs differentiation toward the skeletal muscle lineage and the production of multinucleated muscle fibers. Altogether, these results open new perspectives for the modeling of a large number of pathologies, and in the context of our laboratory, the exploration of epigenetic mechanisms associated with phenotypic variability in different genetic diseases
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Malkin, Tamsin Leanne. « Detection of free-radicals and other species ti investigate atmospheric chemistry in the HIRAC chamber ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515362.
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Cavicchioli, Valéria Quintana. « Characterization of bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus hirae and Pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from artisanal cheese and their bacteriocins ». Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/21925.
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Os produtos lácteos possuem uma microbiota autóctone bastante diversificada, na qual o grupo das Bactérias Ácido Lácticas (BAL) é de notável relevância devido às suas características benéficas, tecnológicas e bioconservantes, atraindo o interesse para sua utilização em diversos segmentos biotecnológicos, em especial na indústria de alimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar e identificar BAL bacteriocinogênicas de queijos artesanais, caracterizando aspectos ligados à produção e purificação das bacteriocinas, inocuidade, potencial benéfico dos isolados e propriedades inibitórias contra Listeria spp. As cepas bacteriocinogênicas Enterococcus hirae ST57ACC e Pediococcus pentosaceus ST65ACC foram isoladas a partir da técnica de tripla camada e identificadas por metodologias fenotípicas e moleculares. As bacteriocinas produzidas por E. hirae ST57ACC e P. pentosaceus ST65ACC demostraram estabilidade em ampla faixa de pH e temperatura, e foram inativadas após tratamento com enzimas proteolíticas, comprovando sua natureza proteica. Tratamentos com EDTA, SDS, NaCl e Tween 80 não afetaram a atividade das bacteriocinas. Os sobrenadantes de ambos os isolados foram capazes de inibir Listeria innocua e diversas cepas de L. monocytogenes pertencentes à diferentes sorogrupos e obtidas de fontes distintas, inibindo completamente o desenvolvimento de L. monocytogenes após 12 h. Em co-culturas das cepas bacteriocinogênicas com a cepa indicadora L. monocytogenes 422 em leite desnatado, observou-se que E. hirae ST57ACC foi capaz de controlar a multiplicação do patógeno após 48 h. E. hirae ST57ACC e P. pentosaceus não apresentaram resultados positivos para 25 genes relacionados a bacteriocinas conhecidas, indicando que podem produzir novas bacteriocinas. As cepas de E. hirae ST57ACC e P. pentosaceus ST65ACC foram também avaliadas quanto ao seu potencial benéfico e segurança: ambos os isolados permaneceram viáveis após tratamento em condições gastrointestinais simuladas, exibindo altos níveis de auto e co-agregação com L. monocytogenes e níveis variados de hidrofobicidade, demonstrando que E. hirae ST57ACC e P. pentosaceus ST65ACC podem prevenir potencialmente o estabelecimento de infecções pelo patógeno. Por meio da metodologia de agar-spot, avaliou-se a possibilidade de interferência de 33 medicamentos comerciais, de diferentes grupos sobre a multiplicação de E. hirae ST57ACC e P. pentosaceus ST65ACC, revelando que apenas antiinflamatórios e medicamentos contendo loratadina e cloridrato de propranolol apresentaram atividade inibitória sobre as cepas. Testes fenotípicos para determinação da susceptibilidade antimicrobiana demonstraram que E. hirae ST57ACC e P. pentosaceus ST65ACC foram resistentes à vancomicina, oxacilina e sulfa/trimetoprim dentre os 11 antibióticos testados pelo método de disco difusão. Com relação à PCR, poucos genes relacionados à resistência a antibióticos foi foram identificados. Nenhum dos isolados amplificou genes de produção de aminas biogênicas e nem apresentou produção das mesmas. A expressão de diferentes elementos do sistema de transporte ABC e metabolismo de açúcares foi identificada para ambos os isolados. Variações na proporção de inóculo não influenciaram a taxa de multiplicação de E. hirae ST57ACC nem de P. pentosaceus ST65ACC, no entanto, a produção de bacteriocinas foi detectada apenas 9 horas após a inoculação das cepas, quando inoculadas nas proporções de 5% e 10%. Adicionalmente, verificou-se que a densidade celular das cepas bacteriocinogênicas esteve correlacionada à produção de bacteriocinas em sistemas de fermentação tradicional e fermentação com controle de pH a 5,5 e agitação. E. hirae ST57ACC e P. pentosaceus ST65ACC foram capazes de se multiplicar e produzir bacteriocinas na presença de xilo-oligossacarídeos após 6 horas de incubação, porém em níveis reduzidos quando comparados ao cultivo em meio MRS. Por fim, as bacteriocinas produzidas por E. hirae ST57ACC e P. pentosaceus ST65ACC foram purificadas a partir de diferentes metodologias. A bacteriocina produzida por P. pentosaceus ST65ACC foi purificada em duas etapas, com rendimento final de 101,33 revelando- se um peptídeo com massa molecular de 3,5 a 8,5 kDa, determinado por SDS-PAGE. Em contrapartida, um protocolo de três etapas foi empregado na purificação da bacteriocina produzida por E. hirae ST57ACC, com rendimento final de 3,05. Adicionalmente, uma fração semi-purificada foi testada com a linhagem celular HT- 29, demonstrando que a bacteriocina não apresenta efeitos citotóxicos contra células humanas, sendo considerada segura neste aspecto. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho indicam que os isolados E. hirae ST57ACC e P. pentosaceus ST57ACC podem ser considerados importantes ferramentas biotecnológicas na produção de bacteriocinas de interesse ao controle de L. monocytogenes e na biopreservação de alimentos.
Dairy products present a rich and diverse autochthonous microbiota, in which Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are relevant, due to their beneficial, technological and biopreservative features, attracting the interest for their biotechnological application, in food industry, pharmaceutic area and human and veterinary medicine fields. The aim of this study was to isolate and to identify bacteriocinogenic LAB from artisanal cheeses, characterizing some aspects linked to bacteriocin production and purification, safety and beneficial potential of the isolates, as well as their inhibitory properties against Listeria spp. Bacteriocinogenic strains Enterococcus hirae ST57ACC and Pediococcus pentosaceus ST65ACC were isolated by using the triple- layer technique and identified by phenotypical and molecular methods. Bacteriocins produced by E. hirae ST57ACC and P. pentosaceus ST65ACC were stable in a wide range of pH and temperature, losing their activity after treatment with proteolytic enzymes, confirming their proteinaceous nature. Treatments with EDTA, SDS, NaCl and Tween 80 did not affect bacteriocin activity. Cell-free supernatants from both isolates were able to inhibit Listeria innocua and several L. monocytogenes strains, from different serogroups obtained from diverse sources, eliminating L. monocytogenes after 12 h. In co-culture experiments conducted in skimmed milk with the bacteriocinogenic isolates and the target strain L. monocytogenes 422, E. hirae ST57ACC controlled the target strain growth after 48 h. E. hirae ST57ACC and P. pentosaceus ST65ACC did not present positive results for 25 known bacteriocin related genes, indicating that they might express new bacteriocins. E. hirae ST57ACC e P. pentosaceus ST65ACC were also evaluated for their beneficial and safety features: both isolates remained viable after treatment replicating gastrointestinal conditions, showing high levels of auto and co-aggregation with L. monocytogenes and diverse levels of hydrophobicity, demonstrating that E. hirae ST57ACC and P. pentosaceus ST65ACC might prevent the establishment of infections caused by this pathogen. Interference of 33 commercial drugs from different groups on growth of E. hirae ST57ACC and P. pentosaceus ST65ACC was tested by agar-spot method, revealing that only anti-inflammatories and drugs containing loratadine and propranolol hydrochloride influenced the growth of bacteriocinogenic strains. Phenotypical tests employed to determine antibiotic susceptibility have shown that E. hirae ST57ACC and P. pentosaceus ST65ACC were resistant to vancomycin, oxacillin and sulfa/trimethoprim out of 11 antibiotics tested by disk-diffusion test, nonetheless low number of antibiotic resistance genes was observed by PCR analysis. None of the isolates amplified biogenic amines encoding genes neither presented phenotypical evidence of their production. Expression of different ABC transporters linked to bacteriocin export and sugar metabolism was detected, for both isolates. Changes in inoculum size did not influenced the growth of E. hirae ST57ACC and P. pentosaceus ST65ACC; however, bacteriocin production was affected, and bacteriocins were detected only after 9 h with inoculation at 5% and 10% of bacteriocinogenic strains. Additionally, it was observed that cell density of both bacteriocinogenic strains was linked to bacteriocin production in traditional and pH at 5.5 and agitation controlled fermentation continuous. E. hirae ST57ACC and P. pentosaceus ST65ACC were capable to grow and produce bacteriocins in the presence of xylo-oligossacharides after 6 h of incubation, but in lower levels than those obtained with cultivation in MRS broth. Finally, E. hirae ST57ACC and P. pentosaceus ST65ACC were purified from different methods. The bacteriocin produced by P. pentosaceus ST65ACC was purified in two-steps, with final yield of 101.33, recognized as a 3.5 to 8.5 kDa peptide, determined by Tricine-SDS-PAGE. In contrast, a three-step-protocol was used to purify the bacteriocin produced by E. hirae ST57ACC, with final yield of 3.05. Moreover, a semi-purified fraction of E. hirae ST57ACC bacteriocin was tested in HT-29 cell-line, demonstrating no-cytotoxic effects in human cells, which means the bacteriocin can be considered safe in this aspect. Obtained data from this study indicate that E. hirae ST57ACC and P. pentosaceus ST57ACC may be considered as important biotechnological tools for bacteriocin production to control L. monocytogenes and as biopreservatives in food.
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Gál, Csenge. « The impact of the chromatin regulators, Abo1 and HIRA, on global nucleosome architecture ». Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2978.
Texte intégralRésumé :
HIRA is an evolutionarily conserved histone H3-H4 chaperone that mediates replication-independent nucleosome deposition and is important in a variety of contexts such as transcription, the response to DNA damage and cellular quiescence. Here the genome-wide contribution of HIRA to nucleosome organization in Schizosaccharomyces pombe was determined using a chromatin sequencing approach. Cells lacking HIRA (hip1Δ) experience a global reduction in nucleosome occupancy over the 3’ end of genes, consistent with the proposed role for HIRA in nucleosome re-assembly in the wake of RNA polymerase II. In addition, at HIRA-regulated promoters, it commonly maintains the proper occupancy of the -1 and +1 nucleosomes. Thus HIRA likely exerts its transcriptional regulatory roles through assembly/disassembly of specific target nucleosomes. In addition to transcription-coupled functions, HIRA has been implicated in the DNA damage response pathway. Indeed HIRA deficient cells present with increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents and experience delays to the repair of DNA double strand breaks. Furthermore, hip1+ exhibits interactions with components of both the homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair pathways. HIRA has also been identified as a regulator of nitrogen-starvation induced quiescence in S. pombe. Cells lacking HIRA are defective in both their ability to maintain and exit quiescence. Consistent with this, quiescent hip1Δ cells fail to properly induce MBF-dependent gene transcription in response to the restoration of a nitrogen source. During the course of this study Abo1, a bromodomain containing AAA-ATPase, was identified as a factor whose function potentially overlaps with histone chaperones such as HIRA. Therefore the contribution of Abo1 to global chromatin architecture was also assessed. Consistent with a nucleosome assembly function, abo1Δ cells have widespread changes to nucleosome occupancy and positioning in both euchromatic and heterochromatic regions of the genome. Furthermore, Abo1 physically interacts with the FACT histone chaperone and the distribution of Abo1 on chromatin is perturbed by loss of FACT subunits.
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Tak, Rukhsana. « Prostitution and the law in Pakistan : a case study of Lahore's Hira Mandi ». Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397986.
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Bonnefoy, Émilie. « HIRA et l'assemblage de la chromatine paternelle à la fécondation chez Drosophila melanogaster ». Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10176.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Chez la plupart des organismes à reproduction sexuée, l’ADN du spermatozoïde est associé à des protéines spécifiques du spermatozoïde de type protamines. Au moment de la fécondation, la chromatine du spermatozoïde doit être remodelée pour permettre au noyau mâle de retrouver une organisation nucléosomique et ainsi participer à la première division zygotique. Il s'agit d'un phénomène remarquable d'assemblage de la chromatine à l'échelle d'un noyau entier. Il procède indépendamment de la réplication et se manifeste par le remplacement des protamines spécifiques du noyau du spermatozoïde par les histones maternelles. Malgré son importance cruciale pour le développement embryonnaire, ce processus est relativement peu connu, en particulier sur le plan fonctionnel. Nous avons montré pour la première fois in vivo, grâce à l’étude de mutants de Hira chez la drosophile, le rôle critique de la voie d’assemblage HIRA/H3. 3 dans le remodelage de la chromatine paternelle. En effet, HIRA se localise dans le noyau mâle et dépose spécifiquement le variant H3. 3 dans ce noyau. Ce dépôt spécifique de l'histone H3. 3 attribue notamment une marque épigénétique spécifique aux seuls chromosomes paternels, ce qui permet de distinguer les deux stocks de chromosomes à cette étape clé du développement. Ce travail a permis de mettre en évidence que de manière surprenante la seule fonction essentielle de HIRA chez la drosophile est l’assemblage de la chromatine paternelle à la fécondation. Nous avons aussi montré que l’enlèvement des protamines et le dépôt des histones sont deux étapes fonctionnellement distinctes dans le remodelage de la chromatine paternelle à la fécondation. Enfin, des résultats préliminaires sont rapportés concernant l’étude structure/fonction de HIRA dans l’assemblage de la chromatine paternelle avec des versions mutées de la protéineIn almost all sexually reproducing animals, sperm DNA is packaged with sperm specific proteins including protamines. At fertilization, the sperm nucleus experiences a global chromatin remodelling during which the male nucleus reacquires a nucleosomal organisation in order to be able to participate to the first zygotic division. This is a unique example of chromatin assembly at the scale of a whole genome. This remodelling is independent of replication and can be defined by the replacement of protamines by maternally provided histones. Even though this process is crucial for the embryonic development, it is relatively poorly understood, particularly from a functional point of view. For the first time, we show in vivo, with the study of Drosophila Hira mutants, the essential role of the HIRA/H3. 3 assembly pathway during sperm chromatin remodelling at fertilization. Indeed, HIRA localizes to the sperm nucleus and specifically deposits the H3. 3 variant in the paternal chromatin. This H3. 3 specific deposition generates an epigenetic mark, which distinguishes paternal from maternal chromosomes at this key step of development. Surprisingly, this work demonstrates that the only essential function of Hira in Drosophila is the assembly of paternal chromatin during pronucleus formation. We also show that protamine removal and histone deposition are two functionally distinct processes in sperm chromatin remodelling. Finally, preliminary results are reported from a recent study on the functional implication of different HIRA domains during paternal chromatin assembly at fertilization
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Assrir, Nadine. « Analyse des intéractions moléculaires entre deux protéines liant des histones, HIRA et HIRIP3 (HIRA-interacting protein 3) et leur partenaires respectifs, la protéine chaperon d'histones Asf1 et la sérine-thréonine kinase CK2 ». Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA11T048.
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Hassanyar, Hirama [Verfasser], Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Handschel et Bettina [Akademischer Betreuer] Westhoff. « Mandibuläre Rekonstruktionen mittels nicht vaskularisierten Beckenkammtransplantaten- Möglichkeiten und Limitationen / Hirama Hassanyar. Gutachter : Jörg Handschel ; Bettina Westhoff ». Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075858070/34.
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Saade, Evelyne. « Dévelopment of proteomics tools to study chromatin proteins : H4 complexes, hira complexes, HP1 complexes ». Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA11T038.
Texte intégral
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Orsi, Guillaume. « Organisation et intégrité des chromosomes parentaux à la fécondation chez la drosophile ». Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00848499.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La reproduction sexuée implique une différentiation extrême des gamètes qui s'accompagne de profonds remaniements des chromosomes parentaux. Au moment de la fécondation, ces chromosomes doivent être rendus compétents pour la formation du premier noyau zygotique. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai étudié l'importance fonctionnelle de plusieurs voies moléculaires paternelles et maternelles participant à cette étape chez la drosophile. Le complexe HIRA est impliqué dans l'assemblage de nucléosomes dans le pronoyau mâle à la fécondation. J'ai décrit le rôle de HIRA et de son partenaire Yemanucléine-α dans cette voie. J'ai caractérisé plus finement ce complexe en étudiant son rôle somatique dans l'assemblage des nucléosomes et son implication dans la stabilité de l'hétérochromatine, améliorant notre compréhension des besoins biologiques qui conditionnent sa conservation et son évolution. Je me suis aussi intéressé à diverses situations affectant l'intégrité des chromosomes parentaux à la fécondation. (1) J'ai décrit les conséquences catastrophiques pour la méiose femelle de l'expression naturelle d'un transposon à travers l'étude d'un cas de dysgénésie hybride. (2) J'ai contribué à montrer que la protéine K81 est essentielle pour la protection des télomères dans les chromosomes paternels au cours de la spermatogénèse. (3) J'ai participé à caractériser les conséquences pour les chromosomes paternels de l'incompatibilité cytoplasmique induite par la bactérie Wolbachia. Ensemble, ces travaux soulignent les particularités des chromosomes parentaux à la fécondation et aident à cerner l'importance des voies maternelles et paternelles dans leur intégration dans le premier noyau du zygote
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Ranaivoarson, Pierre André. « Les Mpihiragasy : chanteurs populaires de Madagascar / ». Lille : ANRT, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39276140c.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Th. Etat--Anthropologie sociale et ethnologie--Paris--Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales, 1998.Les vol. 2 et 3 contiennent les textes des chants populaires en langue malgache avec la trad. française en regard. Bibliogr. p. 430-451 (t. 1).
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El-Nimri, Salem. « DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMPROVED MICROWAVE OCEAN SURFACE EMISSIVITY RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL ». Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2878.
Texte intégralRésumé :
An electromagnetic model is developed for predicting the microwave blackbody emission from the ocean surface over a wide range of frequencies, incidence angles, and wind vector (speed and direction) for both horizontal and vertical polarizations. This ocean surface emissivity model is intended to be incorporated into an oceanic radiative transfer model to be used for microwave radiometric applications including geophysical retrievals over oceans. The model development is based on a collection of published ocean emissivity measurements obtained from satellites, aircraft, field experiments, and laboratory measurements. This dissertation presents the details of methods used in the ocean surface emissivity model development and comparisons with current emissivity models and aircraft radiometric measurements in hurricanes. Especially, this empirically derived ocean emissivity model relates changes in vertical and horizontal polarized ocean microwave brightness temperature measurements over a wide range of observation frequencies and incidence angles to physical roughness changes in the ocean surface, which are the result of the air/sea interaction with surface winds. Of primary importance are the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) brightness temperature measurements from hurricane flights and independent measurements of surface wind speed that are used to define empirical relationships between C-band (4 Â 7 GHz) microwave brightness temperature and surface wind speed. By employing statistical regression techniques, we develop a physical-based ocean emissivity model with empirical coefficients that depends on geophysical parameters, such as wind speed, wind direction, sea surface temperature, and observational parameters, such as electromagnetic frequency, electromagnetic polarization, and incidence angle.Ph.D.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering PhD
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Amarin, Ruba. « HURRICANE WIND SPEED AND RAIN RATE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM FOR THE STEPPED FREQUENCY MICROWAVE RADIOMETER ». Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3218.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis presents the development and validation of the Hurricane Imaging Retrieval Algorithm (HIRA) for the measurement of oceanic surface wind speed and rain rate in hurricanes. The HIRA is designed to process airborne microwave brightness temperatures from the NOAA, Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR), which routinely collects data during NOAA hurricane hunter aircraft flights. SFMR measures wind speeds and rain rates at nadir only, but HIRA will soon be integrated with an improved surface wind speed model for expanded utilization with next generation microwave hurricane imagers, such as the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRad). HIRad will expand the nadir only measurements of SFMR to allow the measurement of hurricane surface winds and rain over a wide swath Results for the validation of HIRA retrievals are presented using SFMR brightness temperature data for 22 aircraft flights in 5 hurricanes during 2003-2005. Direct comparisons with the standard NOAA SFMR empirical algorithm provided excellent results for wind speeds up to 70 m/s. and rain rates up to 50 mm/hr.M.S.E.E.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering
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Kotzent, Suzana [UNESP]. « Bactérias com potencial probiótico do intestino de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149907.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os probióticos são microorganismos vivos que afetam de forma benéfica o hospedeiro ou o ambiente. Na aquicultura podem ser usados tanto na água como na ração, mas seu uso na alimentação é destacado como uma das principais medidas profiláticas. As doenças bacterianas são consideradas um dos principais entraves no crescimento da aquicultura, e assim, há a necessidade urgente no desenvolvimento de probióticos. O tambaqui Colossoma macropomum é a espécie nativa mais produzida no Brasil, e apesar de sua importância econômica, não há estudos que estabeleçam os microorganismos com potencial probiótico para esta espécie de peixe. Neste trabalho foi possível identificar e caracterizar bactérias autóctones com potencial probiótico para o tambaqui a partir de testes de: caracterização morfológica, catalase, tolerância à bile, antagonismo frente à patógenos, sensibilidade a antimicrobianos e sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA. As cepas selecionadas foram: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus hirae, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Staphylococcus hominis e Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Todas as cepas foram tolerantes aos ácidos biliares do tambaqui e capazes de inibir o crescimento dos patógenos Enterococcus casseliflavus, Lactococcus garvieae e Aeromonas hydrophila. Todas as cepas foram parcialmente resistentes contra sete antibióticos. Como as cepas de S. saprophyticus e E. faecalis apresentaram menores valores no teste de antagonismo e por estas bactérias serem relatadas como agentes zoonóticos, concluímos este estudo selecionando quatro potenciais cepas: E. hirae, L. lactis, P. pentosaceus, S. hominis. Este é o primeiro estudo a referir o potencial uso probiótico de cepas autóctones para o tambaqui.
Probiotics are living microorganisms that beneficially affect the host or the environment. In aquaculture it can be used in both water and feed, but its use in feed is highlighted as one of the main prophylactic measures. Bacterial diseases are considered to be one of the major obstacles to the growth of aquaculture, and thus, there is an urgent need for the development of probiotics. The tambaqui Colossoma macropomum is the most produced native species in Brazil, and despite its economic importance, there are no studies that establish the microorganisms with probiotic potential for this fish species. In this study it was possible to identify and characterize autochthones bacteria with probiotic potential for tambaqui from tests of: morphological characterization, catalase, bile tolerance, antagonism of pathogens, antimicrobial susceptibility and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The selected strains were: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus hirae, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. All strains were tolerant to acids bile from tambaqui and capable of inhibiting the growth of Enterococcus casseliflavus, Lactococcus garvieae and Aeromonas hydrophila pathogens. All strains were partially resistant against seven antibiotics. Since the strains of S. saprophyticus and E. faecalis presented lower values in the test of antagonism and because these bacteria were reported as zoonotic agents, we conclude this study selecting four potential strains: E. hirae, L. lactis, P. pentosaceus, S. hominis. This is the first study to mention the potential probiotic use of autochthonous strains for tambaqui.
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Locatelli, Maëlle. « The histone chaperone HIRA is crucial for the early establishment of hepatitis B virus minichromosome ». Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1169/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le virus de l'hépatite B (HBV) infecte de manière chronique 240 millions de personnes dans le monde, et est la principale cause de carcinome hépatocellulaire. Actuellement, les traitements standards permettent une suppression virale à long terme, mais ne sont pas capables d'éliminer complètement le virus, en raison de la persistance de l'ADN circulaire et clos de façon covalente (ADNccc). Ce minichromosome viral réside dans le noyau des hépatocytes infectés, grâce à sa structure chromatinienne. En effet, lors de l'infection d'un hépatocyte, l'ADN viral partiellement double brin (ADN relâché circulaire (rc)) est libéré dans le noyau, où il est réparé et enveloppé par des protéines histones, afin de former une structure d'épisome chromatinisé. Les mécanismes conduisant à la formation ainsi qu'à la chromatinisation de l'ADNccc sont encore largement inconnus, et leur élucidation constituerait une première étape vers l'identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques, susceptibles d'altérer la persistance de l'ADNccc. Dans ce but, nous avons étudié le rôle des facteurs hôtes de réparation de l'ADN, et des voies d'assemblage des nucléosomes, dans la formation de l'ADNccc, à des stades précoces (entre 30 minutes et 72 heures) de l'infection, dans des lignées cellulaires d'HepG2-NTCP, ainsi que dans des hépatocytes primaires humains. Nous nous sommes particulièrement concentrés sur la protéine chaperone d'histones, HIRA, qui est connue pour déposer le variant d'histone 3.3 (H3.3) sur l'ADN cellulaire d'une manière indépendante de la réplication et en association avec le remaniement des nucléosomes pendant la transcription et la réparation de l'ADN. Nous avons été capables de détecter l'ADNccc dans la fraction nucléaire des hépatocytes dès 30 minutes et 24 heures post-infection, par qPCR et Southern Blotting (SB), respectivement. L'extinction de HIRA par ARN interférent (siARN) avant l'inoculation du virus, a conduit à une forte diminution de l'accumulation de l'ADNccc (à la fois par qPCR et Southern Blot), qui était indépendante de la protéine HBx (en utilisant un virus HBx-défectueux). Les niveaux d'ADNrc sont restés stables, indiquant soit une éventuelle transition de l'ADNrc en ADNccc incomplète, ou retardée. L'analyse par immunoprécipitation de la chromatine a montré que HIRA était liée à l'ADNccc dès 30 minutes après infection, et que son recrutement était concomitant avec le dépôt de l'histone H3.3, ainsi que la liaison de la protéine de capside du HBV (HBc). Après 24 heures d'infection, une augmentation de la liaison de H3.3 et de l'ARN polymérase II sur l'ADNccc a été observée, en corrélation avec l'initiation de la transcription de l'ARN viral de 3.5 kb. Par des expériences de co-immunoprécipitation et de test de proximité entre protéines (PLA), nous avons montré que HIRA était capable d'interagir avec HBc dans des hépatocytes infectés et dans une lignée cellulaire HepaRG exprimant HBc de manière inductible. En conclusion, nos résultats suggèrent que la chromatinisation de l'ADN viral entrant est un événement très précoce, nécessitant l'histone chaperone HIRA. Bien que HBx ne soit pas requis pour ce processus, HBc pourrait jouer un rôle majeur, suggérant que l'interaction entre HIRA et HBc pourrait représenter une nouvelle cible thérapeutique à étudierHepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects 240 million people worldwide and is the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently standard-of-care treatments can achieve longterm viral suppression, but are not able to completely eliminate the virus, due to the persistence of the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). cccDNA, the viral minichromosome, resides in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes by virtue of its chromatin structure. Indeed, upon entry into hepatocytes, the partially double stranded viral DNA (relaxed circular (rc)DNA) is released into the nucleus, where it is repaired and wrapped by histones to form an episomal chromatinized structure. The mechanisms leading to cccDNA formation and chromatinization are still largely unknown and their elucidation would be a first step toward the identification of new therapeutic targets to impair cccDNA persistence. To this aim, we investigated the role of host factors belonging to DNA repair and nucleosome assembly pathways in cccDNA formation at early time points (i.e. between 30 minutes and 72 hours) post-infection in both HepG2-NTCP cell line and Primary Human Hepatocytes (PHH). We particularly focused on the histone chaperone Hira, which is known to deposit histone variant 3.3 (H3.3) onto cellular DNA in a replication-independent manner and in association to nucleosome reshuffling during transcription and DNA repair. We were able to detect cccDNA in the nuclear fraction of hepatocytes as early as 30 minutes and 24h post-infection, by qPCR and Southern Blotting (SB), respectively. Knock-down of Hira by RNA interference before virus inoculation led to a strong decrease in cccDNA accumulation (both in qPCR and SB) which was independent from HBx protein expression (using an HBx defective virus). rcDNA levels remained stable, indicating either a possible incomplete or delayed rcDNA to cccDNA transition. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that Hira was bound to cccDNA already at 2 hours post-infection and that its recruitment was concomitant with the deposition of histone H3.3 and the binding of HBV capsid protein (HBc). After 24 hours of infection, an increase of H3.3 and Pol2 binding on cccDNA was observed, correlating with the initiation of the transcription of the 3.5 kb RNA. By Co-Immunoprecipitation and Proximity Ligation Assay experiments, we showed that Hira was able to interact with HBc in infected hepatocytes and in a HepaRG cell line expressing HBc in an inducible manner. Altogether, our results suggest that chromatinization of incoming viral DNA is a very early event, requiring the histone chaperone Hira. While HBx is not required for this process, HBc could play a major role, suggesting that the interaction between Hira and HBc could represent a new therapeutic target to be investigated
40
Lane, Andrew N. « Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulusi's (1641-1731) commentary on Ibn Arabi's 'Fusus al-Hikam' : an analysis and interpretation ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:533fc636-91c8-42fd-a40b-ac9771ad591c.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis is an analysis and interpretation of six chapters from al-Nabulusi's commentary. One of these is an account of his intentions for writing the commentary and the other five are commentaries on parts of the Fusus al-hikam. These chapters chosen from al-Nabulusi's commentary treat important subjects in the Fusus al-hikam which exemplify Ibn 'Arabi's thought particularly well. They are concerned with certain issues which were perceived to have a special importance in the Islamic religious tradition. One issue, for example, is that of Pharaoh's profession of faith which was a prominent subject of debate and discussion in Islamic literature. Ibn 'Arabi's position on this was severely criticised by many. The thesis argues that there are four ways in which to appreciate the commentary's intellectual and religious outlook: first, with respect to its approach to Ibn 'Arabi's ideas; second, with respect to its use of Qur'an and hadith in the specific context of developing an independence from Ibn 'Arabi's thought and in the general context of Qur'anic exegesis; third, in its use of language, narrative and metaphor, finally, in its legal approach towards the issue of Pharaoh's faith evincing arguments similar to those of Ibn 'Arabi, but not identical, and, like Ibn 'Arabi, adopting positions different from those of the wider Islamic religious tradition. The thesis demonstrates that the commentary's significance can be appreciated in two historical contexts: the anti-Ibn 'Arabi tendency manifest in late 17th century Damascus; and the enduring tradition of polemics surrounding Ibn 'Arabi's thought.
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Garallah, Mohammed A. « Successful separationists in a unity fan society : Al-Hirak Al-Janubi social movement in the Republic of Yemen ». Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38934.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.The Southern separatist movement in Yemen represents a major threat to the Republic of Yemens stability and, consequently, to regional and international security. It started as a rights-based social movement led by the Southern military officers who were forced to retire after the 1994 civil war. Searching for solutions to the embers of unrest under the ashes of grievances against government ignorance and their marginalization, these separatists established a Southern-based social movement called Al-Hirak Al-Janubi. Al-Hirak Al-Janubi has had great political opportunities, mobilizing structures, and great narratives to sell. Al-Houthies Northern problem, the 2006 presidential election, and the Arab Spring opened political opportunities for Al-Hirak Al-Janubi. Al-Hiraks charismatic leadership, financial resources, and activists recruitment bases provided great mobilizing structures, and Yemeni government corruption, wrong policies, and discrimination against Southerners provided the movement with the cause, and supported its narrative. However, Al-Hiraks success will be limited to disrupting Yemens stability and security. It is not equipped to separate the South from the rest of Yemen but can cause much trouble. Therefore, the Yemeni government, with regional and international support, should act instantly to make an end to Southern grievances by returning stolen lands, restoring Southern dignity, and supporting moderate factions of the movement to accept dialogue. More importantly, the government should purify itself by fighting corruption, improving its public administration, making an end to discrimination, and providing social services to its entire population regardless of the region, affiliation, gender, or status.
42
EL-Nimri, Salem. « AN IMPROVED MICROWAVE RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL FOR OCEAN EMISSIVITY AT HURRICANE FORCE SURFACE WIND SPEED ». Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2523.
Texte intégralRésumé :
An electromagnetic model for predicting the microwave blackbody emission from the ocean surface under the forcing of strong surface winds in hurricanes is being developed. This ocean emissivity model will be incorporated into a larger radiative transfer model used to infer ocean surface wind speed and rain rate in hurricanes from remotely sensed radiometric brightness temperature. The model development is based on measurements obtained with the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR), which routinely flys on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's hurricane hunter aircraft. This thesis presents the methods used in the wind speed model development and validation results for wind speeds up to 70 m/sec. The ocean emissivity model relates changes in measured C-band radiometric brightness temperatures to physical changes in the ocean surface. These surface modifications are the result of the drag of surface winds that roughen the sea surface, produce waves, and create white caps and foam from the breaking waves. SFMR brightness temperature measurements from hurricane flights and independent measurements of surface wind speed are used to define empirical relationships between microwave brightness temperature and surface wind speed. The wind speed model employs statistical regression techniques to develop a physics-based ocean emissivity model dependent on geophysical parameters, such as wind speed and sea surface temperature, and observational parameters, such as electromagnetic frequency, electromagnetic polarization, and incidence angle.M.S.E.E.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering
43
Singh, Hira P. [Verfasser]. « Implementation of a Novel Technology for the Recovery of Cobalt from Copper Smelter Slags / Hira P. Singh ». Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1069046183/34.
Texte intégral
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Isnard, Christophe. « Enterococcus spp. : entre pathogènes opportunistes et probiotiques ». Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC408/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les entérocoques, sont des bactéries commensales du tube digestif de l’homme et des animaux, mais certaines espèces, comme Enterococcus faecium, sont aussi des pathogènes opportunistes majeurs souvent multi-résistants aux antibiotiques. Nous avons étudié l’impact de molécules non antibiotiques utilisées dans les unités de soins intensifs, sur la virulence et la résistance d’une souche clinique de E. faecium par une approche microscopique, une analyse du peptidoglycane et une analyse trancriptomique. Ce travail nous a permis de décrire l’effet antibactérien de la caspofungine, molécule antifongique. Nous avons également étudié deux nouveaux mécanismes de résistance chez E. faecium i) la résistance aux lincosamides, streptogramines A et pleuromutilines (phénotype LSAP) par la mutation ponctuelle d’un gène codant pour une protéine ABC de type II. ii) la diminution de sensibilité à la tigécycline due à l’apparition de mutations au sein du gène rpsJ codant pour la protéine ribosomale S10 jouant un rôle dans la formation de la sous-unité 30S du ribosome. Enfin, nous avons participé à une étude sur Enterococcus hirae, espèce qui induirait la production de sous-populations de lymphocytes T permettant d’augmenter l’efficacité in vivo du cyclophosphamide (CTX) dans le traitement de tumeurs chez la souris. Une caractérisation des facteurs de virulence, de la résistance aux antibiotiques et du pouvoir de colonisation d’une collection de souches d’E. hirae a été menée, de même qu’une étude transcriptomique en présence de CTX et une étude de génomique comparative, afin de caractériser cette espèce dans l’optique de son utilisation comme oncobiotiqueEnterococci are commensal bacteria of the human and animal gastrointestinal tract, but some species as Enterococcus faecium, are also major opportunistic pathogens often multiply resistant to antibiotics. We studied the impact of non-antibiotic molecules widely used in intensive care units on fitness, virulence and resistance of a clinical isolate of E. faecium belonging to CC17 by a microscopic approach, a peptidoglycan analysis and a trancriptomic analysis. This work allowed us to demonstratethe antimicrobial effect of caspofungin, molecule known for its antifungal activity. We also characterized two novel resistance mechanisms found in E. faecium: i) resistance to lincosamides, streptogramines A and pleuromutilins (LSAP phenotype) linked to a point mutation in a gene encoding for a type-II ABC protein. ii) decreased susceptibility to tigecycline due to the occurrence of mutations within the rpsJ gene encoding the S10 ribosomal protein that plays a role in 30S ribosomal subunit formation. Finally, we participated to a study concerning Enterococcus hirae, species that induces the production of sub-populations of T lymphocytes that increase the in vivo efficacy of cyclophosphamide (CTX) in the treatment of murine tumors. A characterization of the virulence factors, antibiotic resistance profiles and colonization capacities of a collection of E. hirae isolates was carried out. A transcriptomic study in the presence of CTX and a comparative genomic study were also done, in order to characterize this species in view of its use as an oncobiotic
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Blanco, Palencia Maria. « Al-Ḥirāk Al-Shabābī Al-ʾUrdunī (the Jordanian Youth Movement) : organisation, strategies and significance for social and political change in Jordan ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/29336.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study examines Al-Ḥirāk Al-Shabābī Al-ʾUrdunī (the Jordanian Youth Movement), from now on the HSU, and aims to be a first scholarly attempt at mapping the organisation, strategy, challenges, and significance of this youth-led and youth-organised social movement. Taking an interpretive approach to organisational research, this thesis has used a wide range of primary and secondary data, benefited from extensive periods of participant observation as well as interviews with a variety of people including movement participants, in order to achieve a better understanding of the HSU. The main findings that result from this research show that the HSU is ideologically an umbrella to a variety of ideologies, from leftist or communists to Islamists, and that it chooses to organise informally and uninstitutionally in accordance with their political conviction of political parties and traditional opposition groups being a tool of social control for the regime. Politically, therefore, the movement represents a rupture with traditional politics in the country which are perceived by participants as part of a historically constructed system for exercising social control. Finally, the movement challenges traditional frames of ethnic and religious understandings of social and political subjectivities by mobilising a more inclusive discourse that tries to recover the debate on class struggle. Its political independence from other actors in the Jordanian political scene allows participant to raise more radical claims that seek regime removal as well as demands for reform, and these radical discourse within the movement greatly depend on the varying political opportunity structure in time determined by the Jordanian regime’s combination of conciliatory and repressive counter-strategies. An analysis of the strategic conversation between the regime and the HSU is key to exploring the social and political significance of movement strategies in bringing about change in the country as it determines the challenges to organisation encountered. However, relevant transformations in the culture of activism in Jordan are evident, and have the potential to transforming the future of political participation and organisation.
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Randrianjanahary, Liantsoa Finaritra. « Cosmology with HI intensity mapping : effect of higher order corrections ». University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7248.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Masters of ScienceOne of the main challenges of cosmology is to unveil the nature of dark energy and dark matter. They can be constrained with baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) and redshift space distortions, amongst others. Both have characteristic signatures in the dark matter power spectrum. Biased tracers of dark matter, such as neutral hydrogen, are used to quantify the underlying dark matter density field. It is generally assumed that on large scales the bias of the tracer is linear. However, there is a coupling between small and large scales of the biased tracer which gives rise to a significant non-linear contribution on linear scales in the power spectrum of the biased tracer. The Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time eXperiment (HIRAX) will map the brightness temperature of neutral hydrogen (HI) over BAO scales thanks to the intensity mapping technique. We forecasted cosmological parameters for HIRAX taking into account non-linear corrections to the HI power spectrum and compared them to the linear case. We used methods based on Fisher matrices. We found values for the bias to error ratio of the cosmological parameters as high as 1 or 7, depending on the noise level. We also investigated the change in peaks location on the baryonic acoustic oscillations signal. The value of the shift goes up to Δk = 10-2h/Mpc with a reduction of amplitude of the BAO features from 16:33% to 0:33%, depending on the scales.
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TAJOITI, NIZAR. « De l'histoire a l'hagiographie. Approche semiotique de la "sira" : naissance et enfance de muhammad relatees par ibn hisam, ibn sa'd, tabari ». Lyon 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO20042.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Jusqu'a present, l'etude de la biographie de muhammad s'est cantonnee, soit dans une perspective historiciste, issue de l'horizon epistemologique du xix siecle, soit dans une perspective apologetique, reprise au lendemain des mouvements de liberation nationale. Qu'on la surevalue ou qu'on la sous-estime, cette biographie servait uniquement de lieu pour un debat sur le document. Le choix dutexte de l'enfance de muhammad et d'une methode de lecture attentive a la "signification" de l'oeuvre historique (semiotique), devait necessairement aboutir a des resultats differentsUntil now, the study of the biography f muhammad was confined either to a historicist perspective, stemming from the epistemological horizon of the xixth century, or to an apologetic perspective, resumed soon after the movements of national liberation. Whether evervalued or underestimated, this biography only served as a place for a debate about the document. The choice of the text dealing with muhammad's childhood and of a reading method careful to the "signification" of the historical work (semiotics), was necessarily to lead to different results
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Allahoof, Turath. « L'architecture Islamique et l'urbanisme de l'ancienne ville de Najaf ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/47ac17a5-d2d6-431b-b4ec-74e8cbcb06de.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La ville de Najaf a hérité d'un patrimoine architectural riche et est aujourd'hui menacée de disparaître. Grâce au grand nombre de touristes religieux, la ville est en pleine métamorphose bien que ces changements soient souvent à l'origine de la destruction de ce patrimoine. Cette thèse a pour objet l'architecture de la ville de Najaf dans son contexte urbain et historique. L'histoire de la ville de Najaf est concomitante à celle de la ville d'al- Küfa (capitale entre 36/658 et 40/662) qui se situe à quelques kilomètres de Najaf. Cette seconde ville fut construite par les musulmans en l'an 17/639 avec une importante stratégie politique avec sa proximité de la ville d'alBira, capitale des Lakhmides, située à quelques kilomètres. Cette configuration géographique localement appelée « le triangle de la civilisation», représente un creuset de plusieurs styles architecturaux et urbains. L'étude des deux villes (al-Hira et al- Küfa) est donc essentielle pour comprendre le contexte dans lequel la ville de Najaf s'est créée et développée. Pour comprendre l'architecture de Najaf, nous étudierons dans un premier temps l'architecture de ces deux villes. Dans un deuxième temps nous démontrerons la relation qu'elle a créée avec son mausolée, considéré comme le noyau central de la ville, et qui a conservé cette forme depuis 1032/1623. Enfin nous étudierons le reste de la ville et ses alentours à travers ses monuments religieux et civils tels que les mosquées, les écoles et bien d'autres monuments. À travers cette thèse, nous allons présenter cette architecture dans son état actuel et dans son contexte urbain, social et historiqueThe city of Najaf has inherited a rich architectural heritage and is today threatened with extinction. Thanks to the large number of religious tourists, the city is undergoing a metamorphosis although these changes are often at the origin of the destruction of this heritage. This thesis focuses on the architecture of the city of Najaf in its urban and historical context. The history of the city of Najaf is in continuity with that of the city of al-Kufa (capital between 36H / 658 and 40H / 662) which is located a few kilometers from Najaf. This city built by the Muslims in the year 17H / 639 represented a strategic point but also a political hub grown fast not far from the city a proximity of al-Hira, capital of the Lakhmids, also located a few kilometers away from it. This geographical configuration is locally called "the triangle of civilization", and represents a melting pot of several architectural and urban styles. The study of the two cities (al-Rira and alKufa) is therefore essential to understand the context in which the city of Najaf was created and developed. To understand the architecture of Najaf, we will first study the architecture of these two cities. Then to better know the architecture of the city, we will demonstrate the relationship created between the Imam Ali mausoleum, (considered as the central core of the city, and who kept these provisions since 1032H / 1623) and the rest of the city by the religious and civil monuments such as masques, schools and many other monuments. Through this thesis, we will present this architecture in its current state and in its urban, social and historical context
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Sköldkvist, Eskil, et Viggo Lundin. « Användares acceptans kring applikationer för diagnostisering och spårning av COVID-19 ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Informationssystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413755.
Texte intégralRésumé :
COVID-19 är ett av de största virusutbrott som drabbat vårt globala samhälle i modern tid.För att lindra och hantera konsekvenserna av dess framfart har olika insatser prövats. En av dessa insatser är utvecklingen av applikationer för diagnosticering och spårning. Även om dessa applikationer utvecklas och implementeras är området kring acceptansen för dem relativt outforskat. Syftet med uppsatsen är att få en bättre förståelse kring hur användare uppfattar och i sin tur accepterar applikationer för diagnostisering och spårning under en pågående pandemi. Studien genomförde intervjuer med användare av två applikationer: COVID‑19-bedömningsverktyg av Apple och COVID Symptom Study av Lunds universitet. Intervjufrågorna formulerades efter Health Information Technology Acceptance Model vilketresulterat i flertal insikter i vilka faktorer som gör att användare accepterar dessa applikationer. Tre faktorer var särskilt intressanta då de utmanar de befintliga antaganden avstudiens teoretiska ramverk. Dessa faktorer är: kritik av kopplingen till sociala nätverk, varumärkets stärkande påverkan på användarnas tillförlitlighet samt acceptans bland användare kopplat till att appar fyller ett större syfte och hjälper samhället i stort.
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Urvoas-Cissé, Agathe. « Interactions de cations métalliques avec les métallochaperonnes à cuivre Copz (enterococcus hirae) et Hah1 (humaine) : sélectivité, affinité et nature des complexes chaperonne-métal ». Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066328.
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