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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « HIV infections – South Africa – Soshanguve »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 8 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "HIV infections – South Africa – Soshanguve"

Laher, Fatima, Linda-Gail Bekker, Nigel Garrett, Erica M. Lazarus et Glenda E. Gray. « Review of preventative HIV vaccine clinical trials in South Africa ». Archives of Virology 165, n^o 11 (14 août 2020) : 2439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04777-2.

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AbstractNew HIV infections continue relentlessly in southern Africa, demonstrating the need for a vaccine to prevent HIV subtype C. In South Africa, the country with the highest number of new infections annually, HIV vaccine research has been ongoing since 2003 with collaborative public-private-philanthropic partnerships. So far, 21 clinical trials have been conducted in South Africa, investigating seven viral vectors, three DNA plasmids, four envelope proteins, five adjuvants and three monoclonal antibodies. Active vaccine candidates have spanned subtypes A, B, C, E and multi-subtype mosaic sequences. All were well tolerated. Four concepts were investigated for efficacy: rAd5-gag/pol/nef showed increased HIV acquisition in males, subtype C ALVAC/gp120/MF59 showed no preventative efficacy, and the trials for the VRC01 monoclonal antibody and Ad26.Mos4.HIV/subtype C gp140/ aluminum phosphate are ongoing. Future trials are planned with DNA/viral vector plus protein combinations in concert with pre-exposure prophylaxis, and sequential immunization studies with transmitted/founder HIV envelope to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies. Finally, passive immunization trials are underway to build on the experience with VRC01, including single and combination antibody trials with an antibody derived from a subtype-C-infected South African donor. Future consideration should be given to the evaluation of novel strategies, for example, inactivated-whole-virus vaccines.

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Paz Bailey, G., M. Sternberg, D. A. Lewis et A. Puren. « Acute HIV Infections among Men with Genital Ulcer Disease in South Africa ». Journal of Infectious Diseases 201, n^o 12 (15 juin 2010) : 1811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/652785.

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Kincaid, D. Lawrence, Stella Babalola et Maria Elena Figueroa. « HIV Communication Programs, Condom Use at Sexual Debut, and HIV Infections Averted in South Africa, 2005 ». JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 66 (août 2014) : S278—S284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000000242.

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Sirunwa, Imisani Simon. « The Prevention of HIV Infections in South Africa Focusing on Attitude and Behaviour ». TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 5, n^o 2 (31 août 2019) : 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijmg.2015.05.02.art003.

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Adler, David H., Melissa Wallace, Thola Bennie, Megan Mrubata, Beau Abar, Tracy L. Meiring, Anna-Lise Williamson et Linda-Gail Bekker. « Cervical Dysplasia and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Adolescent Females in South Africa ». Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014 (2014) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/498048.

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Background.HIV-infected adolescents may be at higher risk for high-grade cervical lesions than HIV-uninfected adolescents. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infections and Pap smear abnormalities between these two groups.Methods.In this cross-sectional study, we compared the HPV DNA and Pap smear results between 35 HIV-infected and 50 HIV-uninfected adolescents in order to determine the prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes and cervical cytological abnormalities. Comparisons were made using Pearsonχ2and independent-samplest-tests analyses, and associations between demographic and behavioral characteristics and HPV infections were examined.Results.HIV-infected participants were more likely to be infected with any HPV (88.6% versus 48.0%;P<0.001) and with at least one HR-HPV (60.0% versus 24.0%;P=0.001), and to have multiple concurrent HPV infections (68.6% versus 22.0%;P<0.001). HPV 16 and 18 were relatively underrepresented among HR-HPV infections. Abnormal Pap test results were more common among HIV-infected participants (28.8% versus 12.0%;P=0.054). A history of smoking was associated with HR-HPV infection.Conclusions.HIV-infected adolescents have an increased risk of infection with HR-HPV and of Pap test abnormalities. The majority of HR-HPV infections among our participants would not be prevented by the currently available vaccinations against HPV.

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Williams, Brian G., et Eleanor Gouws. « The epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus in South Africa ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B : Biological Sciences 356, n^o 1411 (29 juillet 2001) : 1077–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0896.

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We review the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in South Africa where the prevalence of HIV infection is among the highest in the world. The epidemic reached South Africa relatively recently but the prevalence of infection has increased rapidly and there are significant differences among provinces. Although few 15–year–old people are infected the prevalence increases rapidly with age thereafter, especially among women. The prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 exceeds that of HIV and curable sexually transmitted infections are common. ‘Circular migration’ may help to explain the high rates and rapid spread of HIV in the region. The incidence of tuberculosis has increased dramatically as a result of the HIV epidemic. Antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of vertical transmission has been shown to be effective in local conditions but transmission through breast–feeding remains problematical. While some epidemiological models have been developed, much more needs to be done in this regard in order to plan, coordinate and evaluate an effective response to the epidemic. We conclude by discussing some of the research that is needed and steps that could be taken to reduce the continued spread of the infection.

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Garcia-Jardon, Mirta, Vivek G. Bhat, E. Blanco-Blanco et Andrez Stepian. « Postmortem findings in HIV/AIDS patients in a tertiary care hospital in rural South Africa ». Tropical Doctor 40, n^o 2 (19 mars 2010) : 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/td.2010.090465.

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South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS, and various associated infectious and noninfectious conditions contribute towards mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the important post-mortem findings in HIV-infected individuals in a high HIV burden rural area in South Africa. The patient population included HIV patients who died at the tertiary care hospital, from 2000–2008. Autopsies were performed according to standard protocols and diagnoses were made with additional laboratory investigations wherever required. A total of 86 patients were autopsied (30 males, 56 females). The major postmortem findings were related to infections, with 38% of the patients having had some form of tuberculosis, followed by pyogenic infections – pneumonias (21.5%), meningitis (10.1%) and septicemias (5.1%). Other important infections included opportunistic fungi like cryptococcosis (7.6%) and pneumocystis pneumonia (8.9%). Among the noninfectious conditions, the findings seen were predominantly related to liver (10.1%) and cardiac involvement (10.1%).

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Korenromp, Eline L., Anna Bershteyn, Edina Mudimu, Renay Weiner, Collen Bonecwe, Dayanund Loykissoonlal, Clarence Manuhwa et al. « The impact of the program for medical male circumcision on HIV in South Africa : analysis using three epidemiological models ». Gates Open Research 5 (25 janvier 2021) : 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13220.1.

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Background: South Africa began offering medical male circumcision (MMC) in 2010. We evaluated the current and future impact of this program to see if it is effective in preventing new HIV infections. Methods: The Thembisa, Goals and Epidemiological Modeling Software (EMOD) HIV transmission models were calibrated to South Africa’s HIV epidemic, fitting to household survey data on HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, and proportions of men circumcised, and to programmatic data on intervention roll-out including program-reported MMCs over 2009-2017. We compared the actual program accomplishments through 2017 and program targets through 2021 with a counterfactual scenario of no MMC program. Results: The MMC program averted 71,000-83,000 new HIV infections from 2010 to 2017. The future benefit of the circumcision already conducted will grow to 496,000-518,000 infections (6-7% of all new infections) by 2030. If program targets are met by 2021 the benefits will increase to 723,000-760,000 infections averted by 2030. The cost would be $1,070-1,220 per infection averted relative to no MMC. The savings from averted treatment needs would become larger than the costs of the MMC program around 2034-2039. In the Thembisa model, when modelling South Africa’s 9 provinces individually, the 9-provinces-aggregate results were similar to those of the single national model. Across provinces, projected long-term impacts were largest in Free State, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga (23-27% reduction over 2017-2030), reflecting these provinces’ greater MMC scale-up. Conclusions: MMC has already had a modest impact on HIV incidence in South Africa and can substantially impact South Africa’s HIV epidemic in the coming years.

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Frohlich, J. A., Q. Abdool Karim, M. M. Mashego, A. W. Sturm et S. S. Abdool Karim. « Opportunities for treating sexually transmitted infections and reducing HIV risk in rural South Africa ». Journal of Advanced Nursing 60, n^o 4 (novembre 2007) : 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04405.x.

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Dunkle, K. L., M. E. Beksinska, V. H. Rees, R. C. Ballard, Ye Htun et M. L. Wilson. « Risk factors for HIV infection among sex workers in Johannesburg, South Africa ». International Journal of STD & ; AIDS 16, n^o 3 (1 mars 2005) : 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462053420220.

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Our objective was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection among female sex workers in Johannesburg, South Africa. A cross-sectional survey of female sex workers was conducted using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Prevalent sexually transmitted infections including HIV were evaluated through standard laboratory testing. HIV infection was identified in 137 (46.4%) of 295 subjects tested. Increasing frequency of condom use was significantly negatively associated with HIV infection (odds ratio [OR] for moderate use = 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.09, 0.50]; OR for high use = 0.14; 95% CI: [0.06, 0.34]). Sex workers aged ≥29 years reported significantly different patterns of behaviour than younger workers. Among women aged ≥29, a negative association with HIV infection (OR = 0.16; 95% CI: [0.07, 0.38]) was found, but only among those not infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Older women in the Johannesburg sex industry may have adaptive behavioural strategies besides condom usage which reduce their risk of acquiring HIV. However, older sex workers with gonorrhoea constitute a high-risk subgroup.

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Thèses sur le sujet "HIV infections – South Africa – Soshanguve"

Kalonji, Kabasele Muboyayi Hubert. « Demographic profile of pregnant HIV-positive women in Postmasburg, South Africa ». Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/449.

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Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011.
Background: South Africa hosts the largest number of pregnant HIV-positive women, accounting for almost 15% of the global total. Many amongst these HIV-positive pregnancies are unplanned and may be related to reproductive unmet needs, sexual risky behaviours, and/or community, contextual and individual factors that may determine and/or make these HIV-infected women to fall pregnant. The occurrence of an HIV-positive pregnancy in our region implies however the practice of unprotected sex, and is associated with the risk of reinfection with a different strain of HIV as well as with the risk of HIV transmission to an uninfected male partner and to the offspring. Knowing the demographic profile of HIV-infected women who become pregnant and experience parenthood as well as the circumstances of occurrence of their pregnancies is necessary for developing policies and interventions aimed at addressing the reproductive needs of this subpopulation, thus preventing HIV-positive unintended pregnancies as well as the horizontal and vertical transmission of HIV. Objectives: This study had three objectives. The first objective was to describe the demographic profile of pregnant HIV-positive women attending antenatal care (ANC) in public sector clinics in Postmasburg, South Africa. The second study objective was to determine the proportion of these pregnant HIV-infected women who were aware of their HIV-positive status prior to the occurrence of their current pregnancy. Lastly, the third objective sought to describe the circumstances of occurrence of their current pregnancy. Methodology: We used a quantitative descriptive design to collect data on 41 consecutive pregnant HIV-positive women who attended ANC at three public sector clinics in Postmasburg, from September to December 2010. Participants were administered a structured pre-tested questionnaire in their home language by trained interviewers. The study instrument was designed to collect data related to participants‘ socio-demographic characteristics, the time-period of HIV- v positive diagnosis relative to their current pregnancy, and the circumstances of occurrence of their current pregnancy. Results: The analyses of the study results showed that pregnant HIV-positive women attending ANC in Postmasburg were likely to be young (mean age, 27.71 ± 5.72 years), never married (56.10%), Afrikans (65.9%) and Setswana speakers (58.52%) of low socioeconomic status, with no or one child (65.85%). The majority of participants (63.4%) were from a predominantly informal settlement; 78% were unemployed while 61% were either devoid of any income or were living with Rands 500 or less. Sex mixing was common in the 15-19 years-old, involving 80% of respondents of this age category. Most of respondents (78.05%) became aware of their HIV-positive diagnosis during their current pregnancy that was unplanned in 73.17%. The study findings also revealed low levels of pregnancy intendedness (31.71%), hormonal contraceptives use (24.9%) and condoms uptake (34.15%), with high rates of condoms failure among users (87.12%). Respondents also reported other circumstances of occurrence of their current pregnancy, including, irregular condoms use (14.29% of condom users), partner refusal to use condom (10%), stopping contraceptives use because of side effects (50% of users), partner‘s pressure (12% of participants), coerced sex (2.4%) and having had sex under the influence of alcohol (2.4%). Conclusion: These results highlight the need for improving the reproductive health services that are offered to HIV-positive individuals. Integrating PMTCT and Family planning services, training health workers in issues related to the reproductive rights and reproductive health of HIV-infected individuals, systematically offering HIV counseling and testing to women of childbearing age who come into contact with health facilities for any reason and adequately informing HIV-positive women of childbearing age about available reproductive options, planned conception and safer motherhood, are necessary for preventing unintended HIV-positive pregnancies as well as the horizontal and vertical transmission of HIV.

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Gordon, Gregory Ernest Robert. « A chemo-enzymatic process for the production of beta-thymidine, a key intermediate in antiretrovirol manufacture ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016217.

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The socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS on South Africa has resulted in lower gross domestic product, loss of skills in key sectors such as education, and increased health-care costs in providing access to treatment. Currently active pharmaceutical ingredients (API’s) such as stavudine (d4T) and azidothymidine (AZT) are imported from India and China, while formulation is conducted locally. A strategy was initiated between CSIR Biosciences and LIFElab under the auspices of Arvir Technologies to investigate the feasibility of local antiretroviral manufacture (d4T and AZT) or the manufacture of a key intermediate such as β- thymidine (dT). Several advantages associated with successful implementation of this strategy include ensuring a local supply of API’s, thus reducing reliance on procurement from foreign sources and reducing the effect of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on providing cost effective access to treatment. A local supply source would also reduce the imports and thus aid the balance of payments deficit, and in addition to this, provide stimulus in the local pharmaceutical manufacturing industry (which has been in decline for several decades), resulting in increased skills and employment opportunities. This thesis describes the development of a superior chemo-enzymatic process for the production of β-thymidine (72 percent yield, prior to isolation), a key intermediate in the preparation of anti-retrovirals. Alternative processes based purely on chemical or bioprocess transformations to prepare either 5-methyluridine (5-MU) or dT suffer from several disadvantages: lengthy transformations due to protection/deprotection strategies, low selectivties and product yields (30 percent in the chemical process) and isolation of the product from dilute process streams requiring the use of large uneconomical reactors (bioprocesss). This contributes significantly to the cost of d4T and AZT manufacture. Our novel chemoenzymatic process comprises of a biocatalytic reaction for the production of 5-MU, with subsequent chemical transformation into dT (3 steps) negating and circumventing the limitations of the chemical or bioprocess routes. During the course of this project development, the β-thymidine selling price declined from 175 $/kg (2005) to 100 $/kg (2008). However, the process described in this work is still competitive based on the current β- thymidine selling price of 100 $/kg. The process economics show that with further optimization and increasing the isolated dT yield from 70 percent to 90 percent, the variable cost decreases from 136 $/kg to 110 $/kg. The increase in isolated yield is highly probable, based on solubility data of β-thymidine. The decrease in β-thymidine selling price and technological improvement in dT manufacture should translate into lower API manufacture costs and more cost effective access to treatment. Our novel biocatalytic process producing 5-MU uses a coupled enzyme system employing PNP, Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase and PyNP, Pyrimidine Nucleoside Phosphorylase. The overall transglycosylation reaction may be decoupled into the phosphorolysis reaction (PNP) and synthesis reaction (PyNP). During the phosphorolysis reaction, guanosine is converted into guanine and ribose-1-phosphate (R-1-P) in the presence of PNP enzyme. The reaction intermediate R-1-P is then coupled to thymine in the presence of PyNP enzyme during the synthesis reaction, producing 5-MU. The process was scaled up from lab-scale to bench-scale (10 - 20 L) and demonstrated to be robust and reproducible. This is evident from the average guanosine conversion (94.7 percent ± 2.03) and 5-MU yield (88.2 percent ± 6.21) and mole balance (104 percent ± 7.61) which were obtained at bench-scale (3 replicates, 10 L). The reaction was carried out at reactor productivities of between 7 – 11 g.L-1.h-1. The integration of the biocatalytic process and chemical processes was successfully carried out, showing that 5-MU produced using our novel biocatalytic process behaved similarly to commercially available 5- MU (ex. Dayang Chemicals, China). A PCT patent application (Ref. No. P44422PC01) on this chemo-enzymatic process has been filed and currently public private partnerships are being explored through Arvir Technologies to evaluate and validate this technology at one ton scale.

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Phalafala, Mathatho Samuel. « The effects of HIV status disclosure on antiretroviral treatment adherence ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96973.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) depends on appropriate use of antiretroviral agents; which ultimately prevents replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) thus delaying clinical progression of the disease. This study explored how HIV status disclosure affects adherence to antiretroviral therapy at Mamelodi Hospital, using a convenience sampling method with a sample size of 50 adults above 18 years who were on treatment for a minimum of two years prior to the study. An interview protocol was used to uncover patients’ demographics, sexual orientation, and HIV status disclosure, adherence to antiretroviral drugs, drug side effects, how often they missed their doses and how HIV status disclosure / non-disclosure affected their adherence to treatment. Patients’ medical records were assessed to validate and correlate the information obtained from the interviews. The scientific test results used were the CD4count and Viral loads which are used to monitor the HIV/AIDS disease progression. All partakers involved in the study made their HIV status known and reported taking their medicines regularly. The patients’ CD4 count and VL were verified, the CD4 count has shown an upward trend while the VL load showed a downward trend in keeping with patients who are adhering to ART. The majority of participants (54% or 27 patients) reported they had never skipped taking their medication. The participants also reported they had taken their medicine in front of other people and they constituted 74% (37) of the group. Of this 74%, 78.38% (29 patients) said it was because they had disclosed their status. This observation supports the fact that if you have disclosed your HIV status, you have better chances of adhering to prescribed medication. Findings from the study at Mamelodi Hospital revealed that for as long as one has disclosed their HIV status, the outcome of treatment adherence will be better. The only shortfall noted was lack of partakers who did not divulge their HIV status thus a comparison could not be done. It was acknowledged that some participants in the study might have reported disclosure of their HIV status to be in good favour of the researcher to create an impression that they are adhering to their medication. The study has confirmed the existence of a relationship between HIV status disclosure and adherence to ART.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suksessvolle antiretrovirale terapie (ART) hang af van die toepaslike gebruik van antiretrovirale middels, wat replikase van die MI-virus verhoed, en dus die kliniese vordering van die siekte vertraag. Hierdie studie het ondersoek hoe die bekendmaking van MIV-status die gehoorsaamheid tot ART beïnvloed het by die Mamelodi Hospitaal. ‘n Gerieflikheid-streekproef met ‘n groote van 50 volwassenes bo 18 jaar is gebruik en die deelnememers moes ten minste vir twee jaar voor die studie reeds op behandeling gewees het. Data is deur middel van onderhoude ingesamel, met die doel om pasiënte se demografiese inligting, seksuele orientasie, MIV-status, gehoorsaamheid tot ART en newe-effekte van ART in te samel. Pasiënte se mediese rekords is nagegaan om die inligting wat uit die onderhoude verkry is te bevestig. Die wetenskaplike toetse wat gebruik is, was die CD4-telling en virale lading wat gebruik word om MIV/Vigs te monitor. Al die deelnemers het hul MIV-status bekend gemaak en aangedui dat hul hul medikasie gereeld gebruik. Die pasiënte se CD4-tellings en virale lading is bevestig, die CD4-tellings het ‘n opwaartse neiging getoon terwyl die virale lading ‘n afwaartse neighing getoon het. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers (54%) het aangedui dat hul nog nooit hul medikasie oorgeslaan het nie. 74% van die deelnemers het aagedui dat hul hul medikasie voor ander mense neem - hul noem dat dit as gevolg van die feit is dat hul hul status bekend gemaak het. Dit ondersteun die feit dat mense wie hul status bekend maak beter kanse het om gehoorsaam hul medikasie te gebruik. Die studie by die Mamelodi Hospitaal toon dat solank mense hul MIV-status bekend maak, hul meer gehoorsaam is teenoor die gebruik van hul medikasie. Die studie bevestig dus die verband tussen bekendmaking van MIV-status en gehoorsaamheid tot ART.

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Mohammed, Amina. « Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV/AIDS of hotel staff from a selected hotel group in Cape Town ». Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1589.

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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006.
The HIV/AIDS pandemic poses one of the greatest challenges to business development in South Africa. The hotel industry is growing rapidly and will be . significantly affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) regarding HIV/AIDS of staff from nine Protea group hotels in Cape Town. A sample of 200 hotel staff was randomly selected to participate. A structured self-administered anonymous questionnaire was the instrument used to collect the data. The response rate was 81%. There were more females than males, and the majority of the respondents were between the ages of 21-30 years. More than half of the respondents were single, hotel managers and with matriculation as the highest qualification. The respondents demonstrated a reasonably good knowledge on the transmission of HIV/AIDS. Almost half of the respondents believed that HIV/AIDS would not affect the hotel industry. The survey revealed conflicting results on whether HIV-infected staff should be involved in food preparation, and whether staff should serve food to HIV positive hotel guests. There were also concerns of the risk of infection when handling dirty linen used by HIV-infected hotel guests. More males than females were currently sexually active and reported having more than one partner in the past three years. The majority of the respondents believed that condoms were effective, but only one third reported the use of a condom every time they had a sexual encounter. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes (p-value<0.05, but none between knowledge and practice and attitude and practice. It is recommended that the hotel industry develop effective workplace policies and supportive environments, and that on-going HIV/AIDS education and prevention programmes be implemented to change high risk sexual behaviour and practices.

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Parathyras, John Burns. « Molecular genetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus antiretroviral therapy response in South Africa : a pharmacogenetics study ». Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/453.

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Sibanyoni, Sibongile Success. « A phenomenological study of the experiences of adolescents following maternal HIV-disclosure ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013125.

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Maternal HIV-disclosure to an adolescent is a controversial issue especially when considering the suitable time and context in which disclosure should take place. Furthermore there have been other considerations such as the adolescent’s emotional maturity as well as gender issues which have played a role in regards to determining whether the adolescent would be able to understand and cope effectively post-disclosure. These considerations formed the basis of this study’s aim and objectives which primarily focused on taking into account the developmental aspects apparent in the adolescent phase. These include adolescent’s relations with their mother, their peers and the meaning attached to having an education and career in their lives. For purposes of this study it was deemed important to actually explore with the adolescent’s the meaning they uphold pertaining to maternal HIVdisclosure. This differs from previous research which has focused predominantly on accessing adolescent’s experiences via their parents and in particular, their mothers. Data of only three participants was included following in-depth interviews being conducted. Data was analysed via Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) which enabled an enhanced understanding and meaningful interpretation of the adolescent’s experiences following maternal HIV-disclosure. From the findings it became apparent that most concerns had already been addressed and were similar when compared to previous research that had been conducted. However one notable different finding was that instead of adolescent’s acting in ways that would lead to them self-sabotaging their lives they instead portrayed themselves to be living in a responsible manner. It became apparent rather that it was the adolescent’s mother rather that became more inclined to engage in self-sabotaging behaviours.

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De, Vos Marieta. « Critical factors in NACOSA’s success as a network organisation in the HIV and AIDS sector ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96802.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: NACOSA had an eventful history spanning 22 years. The first phase between 1992 and 2001 is labeled Great Expectations as the composite multi-sectoral structure started a groundbreaking initiative on HIV and AIDS in South Africa and believed that the first AIDS plan drafted by them would be implemented as planned. Expectations came to nothing as government struggled to find its feet through a decade of blunders leading to the demise of the structure by end 2001. The next phase between 2001 and 2010 is labeled Starting Over as the Western Cape branch of NACOSA reinvented itself as a community mobilisation network for the province. Within a period of ten years Western Cape NACOSA developed into a successful national network with a large membership fully involved through its networking, capacity building and promoting dialogue functions. The third phase between 2010 and 2015 is labeled Rapid Growth as NACOSA developed into a large training and grant management agency with strong systems providing funding to its members through sub-granting. Networking continued at a slower pace but is still highly important for the organisation. The network contributes to localised social capital through shared learning and collaboration. NACOSA‟s sustainability has been developed through the ability to raise long-term funds for network activities, capacity building of members and coordinated service delivery on the ground. NACOSA also has a culture of identifying and acting fast on opportunities and adapting to change when it is needed. Strategic factors attributing to the success of NACOSA are a sector based approach promoting diversity in its membership; a consistently focused and shared purpose throughout the years; a community agent approach believing in and advocating for community systems strengthening; obtaining a mandate from network members for main strategy changes; strategic partnerships; a strong capacity building approach focussing on organisational and programmatic competencies; not competing with network members but acting as main weaver; creating specialist networks for specific HIV-related causes; a committed representative executive committee and skilled staff; bringing groups together on a regular basis for discussions and strategising; a variety of social media; and a network mindset intent on a culture of learning and building trust between member organisations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: NACOSA het 'n gebeurtenisvolle geskiedenis wat strek oor 'n periode van 22 jaar. Die eerste fase tussen 1992 en 2001 word genoem Groot Verwagtinge, verwysende na die saamgevoegde multi-sektorale struktuur wat ontstaan het as die eerste groot MIV en VIGS inisiatief in Suid-Afrika. Hulle het verwag dat hul eerste VIGS-plan geïmplementeer sou word soos wat hulle dit beplan het. Hul verwagtinge het egter skipbreuk gely as gevolg van die regering wat oor die dekade heen hul voete gesleep en foute gemaak het wat uiteindelik gelei het tot die struktuur se ondergang in 2001. Die volgende fase tussen 2001 en 2010 word genoem Oorbegin verwysende na die Wes-Kaap tak van NACOSA wat hulself herskep het as „n gemeenskapsmobiliseringsnetwerk. Wes-Kaap NACOSA het binne tien jaar weer ontwikkel in 'n suksesvolle nasionale netwerk met 'n groot ledetal wat volledig ingeskakel is by die organisasie se netwerk, kapasiteitsbou en bevordering van dialoogaktiwiteite. Die derde fase tussen 2010 en 2015 word genoem Snelle Groei verwysende na NACOSA se ontwikkeling in 'n groot opleidings- en fondsbestuursagentskap met sterk stelsels wat befondsing aan hul lede verskaf. Netwerkskakeling het voortgeduur teen 'n stadiger pas maar is steeds baie belangrik vir die organisasie. Die netwerk dra by tot die bou van plaaslike sosiale kapitaal deur middel van samewerking en saam leer. NACOSA se volhoubaarheid het ontwikkel deur hul vaardigheid om langtermynfondse in te samel vir netwerkaktiwiteite, kapasiteitsbou en gekoördineerde dienslewering op grondvlak. NACOSA het ook 'n kultuur om geleenthede vinnig te identifiseer en daarop te reageer, asook om aan te pas by veranderinge wanneer nodig. Strategiese faktore wat bygedra het tot NACOSA se sukses sluit in 'n wye sektorbenadering met diverse lidmaatskap; 'n konsekwente gedeelde doelwit oor die jare; die bevordering van sterk gemeenskapstelsels; die verkryging van 'n mandaat by netwerklede vir strategie-veranderinge; strategiese vennootskappe; 'n sterk kapasiteitsboubenadering wat fokus op organisatoriese en programmatiese vaardighede; geen kompetisie met lede-organisasies maar eerder die rol van “hoofwewer”; skep van spesialisnetwerke vir spesifieke MIV-verwante kwessies; 'n toegewyde raad en vaardige personeel; gereelde bymekaarbring van groepe vir dialoog en strategie bou; 'n verskeidenheid van sosiale media; en 'n netwerk denkpatroon gefokus op 'n leerkultuur en die bou van vertroue tussen lede.

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Mngomezulu, Skhumbuzo Julius. « The role of governments in the fight against HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa : a case study of South Africa ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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HIV/AIDS is a deadly disease that needs to be addressed with immediate effect before serious damage can occur. Because the government has a responsibility over the health of its citizens, everybody expects the government to take a lead in the fight against this epidemic and from the look of things the government's strategies are not making the desired impact on the epidemic. The author attempted to highlight that the South African government has not played a satisfactory role in the fight against this pandemic, which threatens to alter history to a degree not seen in the world.

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Visagie, Linette (Linette Louise). « The macro-economic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53135.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa faces one of the world's most severe HIV/AIDS epidemics. Whereas the disease was initially only regarded as a serious health crisis, it is now clear that the epidemic will also have economic repercussions. The objective of this study is to project the extent of the macro-economic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa over the next 10 to 15 years. The study commences with a discussion of the key characteristics of HIV/AIDS and the current status of the epidemic in South Africa. The demographic inputs used are based on projections produced by the HIV/AIDS model of Metropolitan Life (the Doyle model). The methodology and key assumptions behind the Doyle model are described briefly, after which the demographic projections are presented and discussed. The paper contains a summary of previous approaches to modelling the economic impact of HIV/AIDS, as well as a presentation and discussion of their simulation results. In reviewing the available literature on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS, it becomes apparent that researchers have not yet reached consensus on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa - estimates of the impact on GDP growth range anywhere between a reduction of 0.3 and 2.0 percentage points over the next 10 to 15 years. The approach that is used in modelling the economic impact of HIV/AIDS in this study comprises the following: Firstly, a no-AIDS forecast of the South African economy is generated using the annual macro-econometric forecasting model of the Bureau for Economic Research. Secondly, the channels through which the epidemic would likely impact on the economy are identified and modelled. These include slower growth in the population and the labour force; higher employee benefit contributions by employers and employees; indirect costs to the private and public sectors (e.g. lower productivity and higher recruitment and training costs); and higher health and welfare expenditure by the government, as well as an increase in tax rates. The economic effects of each impact channel are analysed independently, after which the different impact channels are combined in the model for the aggregated AIDS inclusive simulation. The results are presented in the form of comparisons between "no-AIDS" and "AIDS" projections for key economic variables for the period 2001 to 2015. The paper also contains results from a macro-economic sensitivity analysis, in which seven of the key assumptions are altered in order to test the sensitivity of the model to these changes. Simulation results indicate that the epidemic will have a negative impact on economic growth in South Africa - real GDP growth could fall from a projected average of 3.7% over the period 2002-2015 without HIV/AIDS to between 3.4% and 3.1 % per year with HIV/AIDS. In contrast, real per capita GDP growth is projected to be 0.7 to 1.0 percentage points higher compared to a no-AIDS scenario, as the adverse impact of the epidemic on the population will outweigh the negative impact on real GDP.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika staar een van die wêreld se ernstigste MIV/VIGS epidemies in die gesig. Aanvanklik is die siekte slegs as 'n erge gesondheidskrisis beskou, maar vandag is dit duidelik dat die epidemie ook ekonomiese gevolge sal hê. Die oogmerk van hierdie studie is om die omvang van die makro-ekonomiese impak van MIV/VIGS oor die volgende 10 tot 15 jaar in Suid-Afrika te beraam. Die proefskrif begin met 'n bespreking van die belangrikste eienskappe van MIV/VIGS en die huidige stand van die epidemie in Suid-Afrika. Die demografiese insette wat gebruik word, is gebaseer op projeksies van Metropolitan se MIV/VIGS model (die Doyle model). Die metodiek en die sleutel aannames van die Doyle model word kortliks bespreek, waarna die demografiese projeksies aangebied en bespreek word. Die studie bevat 'n opsomming van benaderings wat van te vore gebruik is om die ekonomiese impak van MIV/VIGS te modelleer, asook 'n voorlegging en 'n bespreking van hul resultate. 'n Oorsig van beskikbare literatuur oor die ekonomiese impak van MIV/VIGS bring aan die lig dat daar in werkilikheid nog geen konsensus oor die omvang van die impak op die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie bereik is nie. Beramings van die impak op BBP groei oor die volgende 10 tot 15 jaar wissel van 'n vermindering met 0.3 tot 2.0 persentasie punte. Die benadering wat in hierdie studie gevolg word om die ekonomiese impak van HIV/VIGS te modelleer behels die volgende: Eerstens word 'n vooruitskatting van die Suid- Afrikaanse ekonomie sonder MIV/VIGS gegenereer met die hulp van die makroekonometriese vooruitskattings model van die Buro vir Ekonomiese Ondersoek. Die tweede stap behels die identifisering en die modellering van die verskillende kanale waardeur die epidemie moontlik die ekonomie kan affekteer. Dit sluit onder andere die volgende in: stadiger groei in die populasie en die arbeidsmag; hoër bydraes deur werkgewers en werknemers aan werknemer-bystandfondse; indirekte onkostes vir die privaat en openbare sektore (bv. laer produktiviteit en hoër werwings- en opleidings koste); 'n toename in staatsbesteding op gesondheids en welsyns dienste; asook 'n styging in belastingkoerse. Die ekonomiese implikasies van elkeen van die kanale word individueelontleed, waarna die verskillende kanale saamgevoeg word vir die oorkoepelende simulasie. Die resultate word aangebied in die vorm van vergelykings tussen "geen-VIGS" en "VIGS" projeksies vir sleutel ekonomiese veranderlikes oor die periode 2001-2015. Die proefskrif bevat ook 'n voorlegging van die resultate van 'n makro-ekonomiese sensitiviteits ontleding, waarin sewe van die sleutel aannames verander is met die doelom die gevoeligheid van die model vir hierdie veranderinge te bepaal. Die resultate toon dat die epidemie 'n negatiewe uitwerking op ekonomiese groei in Suid-Afrika sal hê - die gemiddelde groeikoers in die reële BBP oor die periode 2001-2015 mag daal van 'n geprojekteerde 3.7% sonder MIV/VIGS tot tussen 3.4% en 3.1 % met MIV/VIGS. In teenstelling toon die resultate dat die gemiddelde groeikoers in per capita reële BBP tussen 0.7 en 1.0 persentasie punte hoër mag wees vergeleke met die "geen-VIGS" scenario. Die toename in per capita BBP groei kan toegeskryf word aan die skerp daling in die groei van die populasie as gevolg van MIV/VIGS.

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Msengana, Sweetlener Thobeka. « The lived experiences of HIV-positive women in poverty ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013269.

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The focus of this study was on the experiences of a small sample of local women who are HIVpositive and are living in poverty. The researcher was interested in exploring the psychological and social experiences of these women using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. This research aimed at giving these women a voice to express their first-hand, personal accounts of living with HIV in poverty. Data was analysed for meaningful units, which were interpreted inductively and hermeneutically, and categorised into super-ordinate themes. Six themes within the participants' experiences of living with HIV were determined, namely: (I) experiences of diagnosis, (2) disclosure experiences, (3) stigma, (4) ARV experiences, (5) experiences of social support and (6) poverty. This research found that after an HIV-positive diagnosis, most women experience a variety of emotional reactions. These reactions however seem to change overtime into positive acceptance of the HIV diagnosis. Most of the women in this study preferred to use partial disclosure than to fully disclose their HJV-positive status openly to families, friends and to their community. Reasons for not using full disclosure included fear of discrimination and stigma, which included a fear of being rejected or being blamed for their status and a fear of losing relationships. It was also evident from the findings that most of the women had experienced stigma directly and therefore partial disclosure was used as a coping mechanism to protect the self from further harm. It was also revealed that stigma not only has a negative impact on disclosure but also on social support and ARV experiences. Because ofHIV-related stigma, lack of social support was a struggle that almost all the women in this study had experienced. Lack of understandings about their medication also had a negative impact of the ARV experiences. Stigmas along with poverty are the major struggles that HIV -positive women have to deal with in their day to day living. The findings of this study reveal a need for further research in this experiential area as well as campaigns and education around issues such as stigma, medication, and emotional difficulties associated with HIV.

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Livres sur le sujet "HIV infections – South Africa – Soshanguve"

AIDS, politics, and music in South Africa. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Mbuya, John Chibaya. The AIDS epidemic in South Africa. [South Africa ? : s.n.], 2000.

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Supa, Pengpid, et Mashego Teresa-Ann B, dir. Youth sexuality in the context of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. New York : Nova Science Publishers, 2004.

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HIV/AIDS in South Africa : 25 years on psychosocial perspectives. New York : Springer, 2009.

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Markus, Haacker, dir. The fiscal dimensions of HIV/AIDS in Botswana, South Africa, Swaziland, and Uganda. Washington, D.C : World Bank, 2011.

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Reddy, Vasu. From social silence to social science : Same-sex sexuality, HIV & AIDS and gender in South Africa : conference proceedings. Cape Town, South Africa : HSRC Press, 2009.

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Fonn, Sharon. Informing research on HIV prevention : A consultation, 16-18 September 1998, Johannesburg, South Africa. New York : Population Council, 1999.

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Gow, Jeff. Impacts and interventions : The HIV/AIDS epidemic and the children of South Africa. Pietermaritzburg : University of Natal Press, 2002.

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Martin, H. Gayle. A comparative analysis of the financing of HIV/AIDS programmes in Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. Cape Town, S.A : HSRC, 2003.

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South Africa) National Children's Forum on HIV/AIDS (2001 Cape Town. National Children's Forum on HIV/AIDS : 22-24 August 2001, Cape Town, South Africa : workshop report. [Cape Town (46 Sawkins Rd., Rondebosch 7700) : Children's Institute, University of Cape Town], 2002.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "HIV infections – South Africa – Soshanguve"

Davey, Dvora Joseph, A. Andrew Medina-Marino, M. Mudau, Lindsey De Vos, Dawie Olivier, Remco P. Peters, James A. McIntyre et Jeffrey D. Klausner. « P3.56 Risk factors associated with sexually transmitted infections among hiv-infected pregnant women in south africa ». Dans STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.291.

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Mudau, Maanda, Andrew Medina-Marino, Lindsey De Vos, Dawie Olivier, Dvora Joseph Davey, Remco P. Peters, James A. Mcintyre, Xiaoyan Wang et Jeffrey D. Klausner. « P3.140 High prevalence of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections among hiv-infected pregnant women in south africa ». Dans STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.375.

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Peters, Remco, Oscar Radebe, Thabo Hamiwe, Lerato Maboko, Helen Struthers, James Mcintyre et Marleen Kock. « P3.190 High rate of repeat sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men in south africa ». Dans STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.425.

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Beesham, I., S. Bosman, M. Jaggernath, Y. Kriel, P. Chitneni, P. Smith, K. Bennett, J. Smit et L. Matthews. « P099 High prevalence of curable sexually transmitted infections among HIV-uninfected women planning for pregnancy in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ». Dans Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.228.

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Gumede, Lindy, T. Kufa-Chakezha, V. Maseko et R. Kularatne. « P3.135 Predictors of sexually transmitted co-infections in women presenting with bacterial vaginosis to primary healthcare facilities in south africa ». Dans STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.370.

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Norman, Emily, Dominique Dewulf, Venessa Maseko, Joanne Bradfield, Sunali Patel, Nivashnee Naicker, Natasha Samsunder, Peter Jacobs et Nigel Garrett. « P1.19 High-throughput identification of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis associated pathogens on openarray™ nanofluidics qpcr platform in south africa ». Dans STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.127.

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Chakezha, Tendesayi, Lindy Gumede, Venessa Maseko, Frans Radebe et Ranmini Kularatne. « P3.218 Demographic and clinical profiles of women with bacterial vaginosis and sexually transmitted infections : implications for the management of vaginal discharge syndrome in south africa ». Dans STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.453.

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Müller, EE, K. Rebe, TF Chirwa, H. Struthers, J. McIntyre et DA Lewis. « P3.72 The prevalence of anal high-risk human papillomavirus infections and associated risk factors in men-who-have-sex-with-men in cape town, south africa ». Dans STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.307.

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Pratami, Yustika Rahmawati, et Nurul Kurniati. « Sex Education Strategy for Adolescents : A Scoping Review ». Dans The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.27.

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Background: Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) plays an important role in preparing safe and productive lives of adolescents through understanding about HIV/ AIDS, sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancy, gender-based violence, and gender disparity. This scoping review aimed to investigate the appropriate method of sex education and information for adolescents. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selection; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The research question was identified using population, exposure, and outcome(s) (PEOS) framework. The search included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest, and EBSCO databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language and full-text articles published between 2009 and 2019. A total of 460 articles was obtained from the searched database. After the review process, twenty articles were eligible for this review. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: Eleven articles from developing countries (Nigeria, Thailand, Iran, California, Vietnam, Spain, South Africa, Indonesia) and nine articles from developed countries (USA, England, Australia) met the inclusion criteria with quantitative (cross-sectional, quasi-experiments, cohort, RCT) and qualitative design studies. The findings discussed available sources of sex education for adolescents including peers, school, media, and other adults. Digital media (internet and TV) contributed as preferable sources for adolescents. The parents and teacher’s involvement in providing sex education remained inadequate. Inappropriate sources of sex education like invalid information from the internet and other adults caused negative consequences on the sexual and reproductive health of children and adolescents. Conclusion: Parents-school partnership strategies play an important role in delivering appropriate information about sex education for children and adolescents. Keywords: digital media, sex education, parents, schools, adolescents Correspondence: Yustika Rahmawati Pratami. Jl. Siliwangi No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: yustikarahmawati068@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282198915596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.27

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "HIV infections – South Africa – Soshanguve"

Hearing from men in South Africa : Shifts in HIV risk and service uptake—Findings from DREAMS implementation science research. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv16.1002.

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HIV prevention efforts across sub-Saharan Africa are increasingly focused on engaging men, for their own health and that of their partners and families. We examined whether and how HIV risk and protective factors are changing among men in Durban, South Africa—a country with a substantial HIV burden. The study is part of the Population Council’s implementation science research portfolio on the DREAMS Partnership, a large-scale initiative to reduce new HIV infections among adolescent girls and young women and their partners.

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