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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « HIV-positive youth – Ethiopia – Addis Ababa »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "HIV-positive youth – Ethiopia – Addis Ababa"
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Abebe, Helina, Shegaye Shumet, Zebiba Nassir, Melkamu Agidew et Dessie Abebaw. « Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors among HIV-Positive Youth Attending ART Follow-Up in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». AIDS Research and Treatment 2019 (2 janvier 2019) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4610458.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Depression is most frequently and highly occurring common mental disorder in HIV/AIDS patients especially youth living with HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among youth living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attending Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Objective. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among youth living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attending Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) follow-up at public hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016.Method. In a cross sectional study, 507 HIV-positive young people from public health hospitals were recruited by systematic random sampling technique. Beck Depression Inventory-II was used to assess depressive symptoms. Morisky medication adherence rating scale, social support rating scale, and HIV stigma scale were the instruments used to assess the associated factors.Results. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among HIV-positive youth was 35.5% (95% CI:31.3, 39.6). In multivariate analysis, age range between 20 and 24 years with (AOR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.33,3.62), history of opportunistic infection (AOR=1.94, 95% CI:1.15,3.27), poor medication adherence (AOR=1.73, 95%CI:1.13,2.64, low social support (AOR=2.74, 95%CI:1.13,2.64), moderate social support (AOR=1.75 95% CI: 1.03,2.98), and stigma (AOR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.35,3.14) were associated with depressive symptoms. The results suggest that prevalence of depressive symptoms among HIV-positive youth was high. Prevention of opportunistic infection, stigma, and counseling for good medication adherence are necessary among HIV-positive youth.
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Taffa, N., K. I. Klepp, J. Sundby et G. Bjune. « Psychosocial determinants of sexual activity and condom use intention among youth in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». International Journal of STD & ; AIDS 13, no 10 (1 octobre 2002) : 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646202760326480.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Determinants of sexual activity and intentions for condom use were examined guided by the Attitude, Social influences, and Self-efficacy (ASE) model as a theoretical framework. A total of 561 in and out-of-school youth (15–24 years) in Addis Ababa completed a self-administered questionnaire. A third of them reported sexual intercourse in the past and half of the sexually active used condoms during recent intercourse. Being out-of-school, male, aged 20–24 years, alcohol use and khat (amphetamine-like substance) consumption predicted the likelihood of engagement in sexual activity. Of these variables, however, male sex was more associated with reported condom use during recent sexual intercourse. Self-efficacy, skills, and barriers predicted 23% of the variance in intentions to use condoms. Self-efficacy was also associated with past condom use. Psychosocial constructs predicted more variations in condom use intention for males than for females. In general, self-efficacy was found to be the strongest predictor of the constructs, whereas attitude and social influences were the weakest. The study implies that HIV/AIDS prevention programmes for young people in Ethiopia need to emphasize building assertive communication skills in sexual negotiations and condom use. Minimizing the gender gap in sexual relationships forms the cornerstone for such educational strategies.
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Solomon, Nahom, Mitike Molla et Bezawit Ketema. « “I want to perform and succeed more than those who are HIV-seronegative” Lived experiences of youth who acquired HIV perinetally and attend Zewditu Memorial Hospital ART clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». PLOS ONE 16, no 5 (27 mai 2021) : e0251848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251848.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background In Ethiopian Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention program one of the focusing areas is prevention of mother-to-child transmission and decreasing morbidity and mortality among those who already acquired it. However, the needs and the sexual behavior of children who acquired HIV perinatally was not given due attention. Therefore, we conducted this study with the aim of exploring the lived experiences of youth who acquired HIV perinatally to contribute to HIV prevention and control program. Methods We conducted a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach from March to May 2018 among 16 purposively selected youth who were infected with HIV vertically and receive ART services at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. They were recruited based on their willingness after obtaining written informed consent and assent. Data were audio taped, transcribed verbatim in Amharic and later translated to English, and coded using Open Code version 4.02 software. Findings were summarized under four themes by applying interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings Seven males and nine females, aged 16 to 22 years have participated in the study. These youth reported as they had support from families and ART clinics, while pill-load, and fear of stigma are some of challenges they have faced, especially majorities don’t want to disclose their status because of fear of stigma and discrimination. Half of them have ever had sexual relations usually with a seronegative partner and most of these had their first sex in their17-18 years of age. Unsafe sex was common among them where four girls reported to have had unprotected sex with their seropositive or seronegative sexual partners. Most wish to have purposeful life and love mate of the same serostatus but also fear they may remain alone. Conclusion Youth who had acquired HIV from parents are challenged due to their serostatus and were not sure what type of life they may have in the future. They were also not comfortable in disclosing their serostatus and also engaged in unsafe sexual relation. This calls for an urgent intervention among HIV infected youth and their families; health care providers, and young people in general to halt HIV transmission. Special attention should be given on sexual behavior of all young people (10–24) and in disclosure of HIV status to children and life skills education to cop-up with stigma and discrimination.
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Cherie, Amsale, Getenet Mitkie, Shabbir Ismail et Yemane Berhane. « Perceived Sufficiency and Usefulness of IEC Materials and Methods Related to HIV/AIDS among High School Youth in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». African Journal of Reproductive Health 9, no 1 (1 avril 2005) : 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3583161.
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Wonde, Mesele, Haregewoin Mulat, Addis Birhanu, Aynalem Biru, Tilahun Kassew et Shegaye Shumet. « The magnitude of suicidal ideation, attempts and associated factors of HIV positive youth attending ART follow ups at St. Paul’s hospital Millennium Medical College and St. Peter’s specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018 ». PLOS ONE 14, no 11 (5 novembre 2019) : e0224371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224371.
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Abate, Z. M., et W. B. Woldemariam. « Mathiwos Wondu-Yeethiopia Cancer Society Role in Implementation of Community-Based Cervical Cancer Control Projects Across Three Regions in Ethiopia ». Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (1 octobre 2018) : 144s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.18600.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background and context: Cervical cancer is the world's deadliest but most easily preventable forms of cancer for women. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia estimates showed there are 20.90 million women ages 15 years and older who are at risk for developing cervical cancer. Current estimates indicate that every year 4648 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 3235 die of the disease. Cervical cancer cited as the 2nd most frequent cancer among women in Ethiopia, where 13.4% of women cancer is due to cervical cancer only next to breast cancer (31%). Understanding the burden posed by cervical cancer led to the development of a national strategy for prevention and control of this disease. The government is implementing a single visit, see and treat strategy with visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy treatment. This project plan to raise the awareness of women age 30 to 49 to access these VIA (cryotherapy) providing public health facilities. Aim: To contribute for prevention and control of cervical cancer in three regions in Ethiopia (Oromia, SNNPR and Addis Ababa regions). Strategy/Tactics: - Promote awareness among policy makers, pressure groups and community representatives (women leaders, Iddir leaders1, religious leaders, people living with HIV, youth leaders, school club representatives, health extension workers, health workers etc.). - Referral support for cervical cancer suspected women - Provide support for transportation, diagnostic cost and psycho-social support (accommodation, nutrition and counseling) for care givers and referred women. Program/Policy process: - Engaging the relevant community stakeholders for mobilizing the community to access the VIA/cryotherapy services - Engaging the key government stakeholders in implementation of the project - Working in collaboration with other local and international partners. Outcomes: Between August 2015 to January 2018 a total of 1998 (M=565, F=1433) reached with key cervical cancer awareness messages. Additionally the project sensitized 2874 (M=534, F=2340) workers about the cervical cancer prevention and control strategies. 7689 women get screened and 502 are VIA positive, 156 suspicious cases and VIA positivity rate is 6.5%. 108 women referred for advanced cancer treatment (82 alive and 26 death with cervical cancer). What was learned: Annual project review meeting and joined supervision indicated- - The awareness program for the key pressure community group has an impact and resonance effect on the awareness of the general community to get screened. - Despite the progress made by this project there are a large number of women still do no access screening of cervical cancer. Thus, integration of more effective and affordable interventions such as HPV vaccination is required to drastically eliminate cervical cancer. 1Local Funeral Associations.
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Mihret, Adane, Yonas Bekele, Andre G. Loxton, Annemie M. Jordan, Lawrence Yamuah, Abraham Aseffa, Rawleigh Howe et Gerhard Walzl. « Diversity ofMycobacterium tuberculosisIsolates from New Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2012 (2012) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/892079.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Understanding the genetic diversity ofMycobacterium tuberculosisis needed for a better understanding of the epidemiology of TB and could have implications for the development of new diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines.M. tuberculosisisolates were characterized using spoligotyping and were compared with the SpoIDB4 database of the Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe. A total of 53 different patterns were identified among 192 isolates examined. 169 of the isolates were classified into one of the 33 shared SITs, whereas the remaining 23 corresponded to 20 orphan patterns. 54% of the isolates were ascribed to the T family, a family which has not been well defined to date. Other prominent families were CAS, Haarlem, LAM, Beijing, and Unknown comprising 26%, 13%, 2.6%, 0.5%, and 2.1%, respectively. Among HIV-positive patients, 10 patterns were observed among 25 isolates. The T (38.5%), H (26.9%), and CAS (23.1%) families were the most common among HIV-positive individuals. The diversity of theM. tuberculosisstrains found in this study is very high, and there was no difference in the distribution of families in HIV-positive and HIV-negative TB patients except the H family. Tuberculosis transmission in Addis Ababa is due to only the modernM. tuberculosisfamilies (CAS, LAM, T, Beijing, Haarlem, and U).
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Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Zufan Sisay, Sibhatu Biadgilign et Woldaregay Erku Abegaz. « Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections among antiretroviral-naive and -experienced HIV co-infected adults ». Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, no 5 (1 mai 2014) : 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.063321-0.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Most HIV positive people have not been tested for viral hepatitis and their treatments have not been optimized for possible co-infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the serological pattern of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among antiretroviral (ARV)-naive and -experienced HIV co-infected adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 500 frozen HIV positive serum and plasma samples collected from ARV-naive (n = 250) and -experienced (n = 250) adults were randomly selected and screened for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg and anti-HCV using rapid two-site sandwich immunochromatographic assay. The test was performed at Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University. Positive specimens for HBsAg and anti-HCV markers were further confirmed using third generation ELISA. Of the 500 specimens tested, 15 (3 %), 58 (11.6 %), 3 (0.6 %), 18 (3.6 %), 3 (0.6 %) and 1 (0.2 %) were positive for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. No specimen tested positive for both HBeAg and anti-HBs, and 442 (88.4 %) individuals were non-immune to HBV. Of the 250 ARV-naive individuals, 8 (3.2 %), 33 (13.2 %), 2 (0.8 %), 10 (4 %), 2 (0.8 %), and 1 (0.4 %) were positive for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. Of the 250 ARV-experienced individuals, 7 (2.8 %), 25 (10 %), 1 (0.4 %), 8 (3.2 %), 1 (0.4 %), and 0 (0 %) were positive for HBsAg, Anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. In summary, seroprevalence of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections was lower in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, than in Sub-Saharan Africa and globally. HBV and HCV infections were not significantly different between HIV positive subjects who were or who were not on ARV. This suggests that the two groups have equal chance of being infected with these two viruses; despite this, disease progression could be different.
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Emru, Kassahun, Tsega-Ab Abebaw et Admas Abera. « Role of awareness on cervical cancer screening uptake among HIV positive women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : A cross-sectional study ». Women's Health 17 (janvier 2021) : 174550652110170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455065211017041.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer among women living in less developed countries. Although cervical cancer screening for HIV-infected women has been started in different centers in Addis Ababa, there is a paucity of data on the uptake of this service, particularly among HIV-infected women. Objective: This study is aimed to assess the level and determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among HIV-positive reproductive-age women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire on 411 HIV-infected women aged 15–49 years in St. Paul’s and Zewditu Hospitals. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire on randomly selected study participants’ proportional allocation in the two hospitals. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess predictors of cervical cancer screening uptake. Results: Only 25.5% of HIV-positive reproductive-age women have been screened for cervical cancer. Respondents who have not heard about cervical cancer and the screening were 75% and 78% less likely to be screened compared to their counterparts, respectively. Conclusion: The uptake of cervical cancer screening was low in the study area. Awareness about cervical cancer screening was positively associated with cervical cancer screening uptake. Specific awareness programs focusing HIV positive women need to be implemented.
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Dessalegn, Noah G., Rahel G. Hailemichael, Aster Shewa-amare, Shailendra Sawleshwarkar, Bereket Lodebo, Alemayehu Amberbir et Richard J. Hillman. « HIV Disclosure : HIV-positive status disclosure to sexual partners among individuals receiving HIV care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». PLOS ONE 14, no 2 (15 février 2019) : e0211967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211967.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "HIV-positive youth – Ethiopia – Addis Ababa"
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Timoney, Ringström Miriam, et Elin Johansen. « HIV POSITIVE WOMEN’S EXPERIENCE OF STIGMA FROM HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS DURING PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH : Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-244699.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introduktion: 1,2 miljoner människor lever med HIV/AIDS i Etiopien, men med rätt åtgärder kan en gravid, HIV-positiv kvinna minska risken för att smitta sitt barn till under 5 %. Trots detta upplever en majoritet av HIV-positiva patienter stigma från sjukvårdspersonal som kan leda till en minskad livskvalitet. Vårdpersonalens förståelse av stigma och kunskap om HIV är nödvändig för att utveckla strategier för att minska denna stigmatisering. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka HIV-positiva kvinnors upplevelser av stigmatisering från vårdpersonal under graviditet och förlossning i Addis Ababa, Etiopien. Metod: En deskriptiv studie med kvalitativ ansats användes. Sju HIV-positiva kvinnor som har mottagit mödravård i Addis Ababa, Etiopien, deltog med hjälp av bekvämlighet urval. Travelbees omvårdnadteori och en kognitiv modell av AIDS-relaterad stigma användes som teoretisk ram. Strukturerade intervjufrågor användes och data analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien har tre kategorier; Negativa reaktioner från vårdpersonal, Ingen känsla av stigma och Utbildning från vårdpersonal till kvinnorna. Majoriteten av deltagarna hade upplevt en händelse av HIV-relaterat stigma från vårdpersonal. Detta genom att bland annat känna sig annorlunda bemött på grund av sin diagnos eller genom att ha upplevt hur vårdpersonalen var överdrivet rädda för att bli smittade. Resultatet visar också att det finns vårdpersonal som utövar en vård utan stigmatisering samt att utbildning gavs till samtliga kvinnor från vårdpersonalen angående hur HIV smittas och dess medicinering. Slutsats: Stigmatisering från vårdpersonal förekommer bland HIV-positiva kvinnor. Sjuksköterskan har ett ansvar för att minska stigmatisering genom att utöva en omvårdnad där kvinnorna känner sig lika behandlad och respekterad. Förbättring behövs där vårdpersonal utvecklar sin förståelse av stigmatisering och av hur ett stigmatiserande beteende inom vården kan undvikas.Introduction: 1.2 million people live with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia, but with correct interventions a HIV positive pregnant woman can reduce the risk of infecting her baby to below 5 %. Nevertheless, a majority of HIV positive patients experience stigma from healthcare professionals, which can lead to a reduced life quality. Healthcare professionals’ understanding of stigma and knowledge about HIV is necessary in order to develop strategies to reduce this stigma. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate HIV positive women's experience of stigma from healthcare professionals during pregnancy and childbirth in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A descriptive study with a qualitative method was used. Seven HIV positive women who had received maternity care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia participated and were chosen through a convenience sample. Structured interview questions were used and data were analyzed by using qualitative content analysis. Travelbeés theory of care and cognitive model of AIDS-related stigmatization were used as theoretical framework. Results: Three categories were identified in this study: Negative reactions from health care professionals, Non-presence of stigma and Education from healthcare professionals. The majority of the participants had experienced an event of HIV- related stigma from healthcare professionals. These HIV positive women felt as if they were treated differently because of their diagnosis and they experienced the professionals’ fear of becoming infected. However some of the HIV positive women who were interviewed felt they had also experienced situations where no stigmatization was shown by healthcare professionals. All the woman who were interviewed had received information about the HIV virus, how it´s spread and what medication is used as treatment. Conclusion: Stigma from healthcare professionals among HIV positive woman exists. Health care professionals have a responsibility to reduce stigma by providing care that gives women the sense of being equally treated and respected. Improvements are needed in the education of healthcare professionals so that they can develop an understanding of stigma as well as an understanding of how their own stigmatizing behavior can be reduced when caring for HIV positive women.
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Gatta, Abraham Alemayehu. « Knowledge and attitude towards voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services among adolescent high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6301.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VHCT) is one of the key strategies in the prevention of HIV in Ethiopia. However, utilization of the VHCT services among adolescents has been reported as low by previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes towards VHCT services among adolescents attending high school in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional school-based design using quantitative methods was employed to attain the objectives of the study. Data collection was done using self-administered structured questionnaires among 378 adolescent high school students. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that 75.7% of students are aware of the voluntary HIV counselling and testing services; 62.2% use the services and suggested that VHCT services should be located in schools and youth clubs for better access by adolescents. Thirty-two percent of respondents rated themselves at risk of HIV infection and 35.2% were not willing to disclose their HIV positive status to anybody. The findings of the study clearly indicate a need for a more accessible voluntary HIV counselling and testing services for adolescents.Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
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Dinku, Fasika Dessalegne. « Strategies to strengthen referral and linkage system of HIV positive clients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20663.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introduction: HIV referral and linkage system in many countries in general and in Ethiopia in particular was poorly characterised by low linkage rate. The purpose of this study was to analyses factors associated with poor referral and linkage system and develop strategies to improve the system.
Methods: A sequential mixed method approach using exploratory descriptive study design was employed. The study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and it was conducted in two phases. Phase I involved data collection and analysis as evidence for the development of strategies while phase II was the development of strategies. For phase I, data were collected in steps 1 and 2 using individual interviews and focus group discussions respectively. The study participants were programme owners and partners who were supporting facilities during the data collection period in step 1 and health care providers in step 2. A total of 4 individual interviews and 3 FGDs were conducted with purposively selected participants. Data were analysed using computer assisted software called OpenCode version 4.2.
Results: The findings revealed five themes namely, issues of referral and linkage practice, ensuring linkage through communication, issues of health care, issues of health care system and issues of partnerships and Health Bureau. Many gaps that affected the referral system were identified and in phase II, nine strategies were developed to strengthen the referral and linkage system.
Conclusion:The results of this study highlighted weaknesses in the referral and linkage system of the HIV positive clients from counselling and testing services to chronic care and proposed strategies to strengthen those weaknesses. Measures to operationalise those strategies are also proposed. The successful implementation of the proposed strategies depends on the support of the ministry of health and regional bureau in terms of resources and the readiness of the health care providers to adhere to the proposed measures. Intervention research is needed to test the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Woldemariam, Yenealem Tadesse. « Perceptions of nurses on disclosure of children's HIV positive status in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6392.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A quantitative, descriptive, explorative survey was conducted to explore and
describe nurses’ perceptions of disclosure to children of their HIV positive status in
Addis Ababa. 100 nurses working in six conveniently sampled health centres
participated by completing a self-administered questionnaire. The findings
revealed that the majority of participants were of the opinion that children have the
right to know their HIV status, participate in their own treatment, and that
disclosure contributes towards improved adherence. Forty-one of the participants
said that it is nurses’ role to support caregivers in the disclosure process. But
56.3% felt they lacked the training to disclose to children that they are infected
with HIV. Accordingly, it is recommended that relevant and applied training is
required to equip nurses with the knowledge and skills to disclose to children their
status. The importance of nurses’ proactive role in disclosure to children of their
HIV status needs to be emphasised.Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
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Sade, Anteneh Habtenarian, et Anteneh Habtemariam Sade. « The impact of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) on tuberculosis incidence among HIV infected patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11917.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: IPT is an effective, safe and feasible disease prevention scheme that should
be administered for all PLHIV living in areas with high latent TB prevalence.
Objective: To assess the impact of isoniazid in the incidence of tuberculosis among HIV
infected individuals in Addis Ababa.
Methods: A case control study design was undertaken among 489 HIV and TB infected
patients in Addis Ababa from January 2008 to December 2010.
Results: Tuberculosis incidence rate among those who developed TB after completing 6-9
month isoniazid preventative therapy was17.14 PYO compared to 10.28 PYO among
those who were not. Isonizide reduced the chance of developing tuberculosis among HIV
infected patients (OR= 0.072; 95% CI 0.044, 0.12). Age (AOR= 0.14; 95% CI 0.03, 0.97)
and sex (AOR= 1.86; 95% CI 1.02, 2.23) of the patient, CD4 count at HIV diagnosis
(AOR= 0.21; 95% CI 0.13, 0.31), clinical stage of HIV illness (AOR= 1.22; 95% CI 1.09,
1.84) and past tuberculosis history (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.24, 3.67) were major factors
associated with tuberculosis incidence.
Conclusions: INH prophylaxis was associated with lower incidence of tuberculosis among
PLHIV.Health Studies
M. Public Health
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Negash, Tefera Girma. « Personal factors influencing patients' anti-retroviral treatment adherence in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/5090.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study attempted to identify personal (patient-related) factors influencing anti-retroviral therapy (ART) adherence in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical design was used. Structured interviews were conducted with 355 ART patients.
The findings revealed that stigma, discrimination, depression and alcohol use negatively affected patients’ ART adherence levels. However, patients’ knowledge levels had no influence on their ART adherence levels, contrary to other researchers’ reports.
Addressing stigma and discrimination at community levels might enhance patients’ abilities to take their medications in the presence of others. Healthcare professionals should be enabled to diagnose and treat depression among ART patients during the early stages. Non-adherent ART patients should be counseled about possible alcohol abuse.Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health with specialisation in Medical Informatics)
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Mekonnen, Dessie Ayalew. « Strategies to facilitate the integration of family planning and HIV services at the public health centre level in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25079.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Improving the implementation of family planning through integration with HIV services is vital to reduce maternal and child morbidity and mortality that has been a concern especially in developing countries like Ethiopia (UNFPA 2016). The aim of this study was to develop a strategic plan that could facilitate the implementation of an integrated family planning and HIV services at the public health centre level.
The researcher utilized an explanatory sequential mixed method design with quantitative data collected in the first phase and qualitative data collected in the second phase. Data were collected from 403 clients in face-to-face structured interviews and from 305 service providers by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was applied to describe the findings of the study. Significance testing between variables was computed by odds ratio, p-value and 95% confidence interval. Bivariate and multi-variate logistic regressions were used for the analysis.
In Phase 1, awareness of family planning methods, male involvement, marital status, client satisfaction, family income, waiting time, training, awareness of policies/guideline and transport availability were statistically significant challenges identified by clients and service providers. The client and service provider respondents identified previous use of family planning, men’s involvement, client satisfaction, availability of behavioural change communication materials, accessibility, budget, infrastructure and medical resources as opportunities. In phase 2, the researcher utilized the nominal group technique (NGT) to collect qualitative data from programme officers. Twenty-four programme officers from 10 sub city health offices, city and national level participated in two nominal groups, consisting of 12 participants each. Multiple group analysis was used to analyse the data from the nominal groups. The five strategies ranked as the most important were leadership and management; capacity building; implementation of policies and guidelines; advocacy/awareness, and infrastructure.
The findings in phase 1 and phase 2 formed the basis for the development of a strategic plan using the process planning model. The strategic plan was developed and validated with the active participation and involvement of programme officers. The plan is intended to be implemented by service providers and programme officers to facilitate the implementation of integrated family planning and HIV services at the public health centre level.Health Studies
D. Litt et. Phil. (Health Studies)
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Abdissa, Abelti Eshetu. « Determinant factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV infected patients in Addis Ababa ». Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13959.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the determinant factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV infected patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was used and data were collected by interviewing 290 study participants from two health facilities using structured questionnaire. The research finding revealed 80.0% of the study participants had optimal combined adherence to dose, schedule and dietary instructions in the past three days. And, the non adherence rate was 20.0%. In multivariate analysis only WHO clinical stage, change of ARV medication, knowledge about HIV disease and ART, and use of reminders were found to be independently associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy. The most common reasons for missing HIV medications in the past one month were forgetfulness (35.1%), being busy with other things (17.5%), and running out of pills (10.5%). Adherence improving interventions should be emphasized to address multi-faceted problems. This study recommends setting of convenient appointment schedule, disclosure of one's HIV status, maintaining confidentiality of patient-related information, enhancing patient-provider relationship, use of reminders including SMS text messages, and engagement of PLHIV in adherence improving interventions through peer support, and providing regular health education to the PLHIV to improve adherence of patients to ARTHealth Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
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Tikuye, Azmera Molla, et Azmera Molla Tikuye. « Knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care providers towards isoniazide preventive therapy (IPT) provision in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11916.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study assessed healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards IPT provision for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia.
A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used for the study and data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 104 clinicians working in ART clinics.
The findings show that healthcare providers who participated in this study had a mean value of high knowledge, positive attitude and good practice towards IPT provision for PLHIV. Significant association was found between knowledge and attitude (P=0.000) but no significant associations were found between knowledge and practice, attitude and practice as well as between the type of facility (public/private) and level of practice.
This implied that, the low level of IPT implementation in Addis Ababa doesn’t seem due to health care providers’ lack of knowledge and resistance to provide IPT for people living with HIV. As a result, the researcher recommends for further researches of other possible factors like; the reliability of IPT information/data management, drug supply and the leadership and governance of the health system that IPT program is a direct concern.Health Studies
M. Public Health (with specialisation in Medical Informatics)
10
Getu, Daniel Kinde. « Factors related to male participation in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in three public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6941.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study aimed at assessing factors related to male participation in PMTCT in three public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A quantitative, descriptive correlational design was used to assess correlation between male participation and socio-demographics, knowledge and awareness in HIV/PMTCT, socio-cultural belief, programmatic factors and reported risk. Male partners (n=216) were interviewed and reviews of HIV counselling and testing (HCT) acceptance formats were made. The major findings were 54.5% (n=156) males reported receiving HCT during their visit to partner’s antenatal care. Some 71.5 % (n=677) of women were accompanied to labour wards by male partners; 86.5% (n=208) of males accepted intra-partum HCT; 55.1% (n=216) scored above the mean score (10) on a 15-point scale for male participation. Male participation in PMTCT was found to have a statistically significant but weak correlation with educational level (r=0.193), income (r=0.167), PMTCT knowledge and awareness (r=0.172), socio-cultural belief (r=-0.164) and reported risk (r=-0.23).Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
Livres sur le sujet "HIV-positive youth – Ethiopia – Addis Ababa"
1
Office, International Labour. HIV/AIDS in Africa : The impact on the world of work : Africa Development Forum 2000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 3-7 December 2000. Geneva : International Labour Office, 2001.
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