Articles de revues : « Housing – Germany – Longitudinal method »

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Aretz, Benjamin, Gabriele Doblhammer, and Fanny Janssen. "Effects of changes in living environment on physical health: a prospective German cohort study of non-movers." European Journal of Public Health 29, no. 6 (2019): 1147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz044.

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Abstract Background Longitudinal studies on associations between changes in living environment and health are few and focus on movers. Next to causal effects, differences in health can, however, result due to residential mobility. The present study explored changes in living environment related to (changes in) physical health among non-movers. Causality was reinforced by a novel study design. Methods We obtained longitudinal data on both living environment and physical health covering 4601 non-movers aged 18+ with 16 076 health observations from the German Socio-Economic Panel between 1999 and 2014. Changing and stable perceived living environment from three domains (infrastructure, environmental pollution, housing conditions) were included at household level. We performed linear regressions with robust standard errors and generalized estimating equations to predict the physical component summary (PCS) at baseline and changes in PCS over time. Results Stable moderate and worst as well as worsened environmental pollution and infrastructure were associated with worse PCS at baseline, as were stable poor and worsened housing conditions. Stable worst infrastructure was associated with negative changes in PCS for both sexes. Men’s changes in PCS were more affected by worsened environmental pollution than women’s. Conclusion A suboptimal living environment has short- and long-term negative effects on physical health. Because even short-term changes in the living environment have an immediate influence on an individual’s health status and health trajectories, public attention to living environment is essential to fight existing health inequalities.

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Ihle, Dorothee, and Andrea Siebert-Meyerhoff. "The Evolution of Immigrants’ Homeownership in Germany." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 239, no. 2 (2019): 155–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2017-0129.

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AbstractRecently, the homeownership rate of immigrants in Germany has increased by more than 20 percentage points. To shed light on this sharp rise, this paper investigates the driving forces of the trend in the homeownership rate of immigrant households in Germany between 1996 to 2005 and 2001 to 2011 using a probit-based non-linear decomposition method. Empirical findings suggest that 50 % of the change in immigrants’ homeownership rate within the first time period can be explained by characteristics such as age and educational attainment. In the second time period, the explanatory power of characteristics is almost zero, indicating that it is rather the favorable economic and institutional environment as well as changes in immigrants’ tenure choice process that contributed to the substantial increase in immigrants’ homeownership rate in Germany. We additionally find that housing quality of immigrant homeowners has slightly improved as well, but that there is still a substantial nativity gap in housing quality among tenants as well as among owners.

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Howell, Junia. "Neighbourhood effects in cross-Atlantic perspective: A longitudinal analysis of impacts on intergenerational mobility in the USA and Germany." Urban Studies 56, no. 2 (2018): 434–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018798731.

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Research in the USA provides evidence that neighbourhood conditions affect intergenerational mobility. However, what remains unclear is the extent to which the US context is unique in producing this influence. To examine this question, the present study directly compares neighbourhood effects on intergenerational mobility in the USA versus those in Germany – a country whose housing market and social welfare policies differ significantly from those in the USA. Results provide a blueprint for conducting cross-national neighbourhood effects studies and illuminate how the nature and severity of neighbourhood effects are nationally specific. These findings underscore the importance of considering how broader political contexts shape neighbourhood effects on intergenerational mobility – a consideration that has implications for proposed policy interventions.

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Wang, Lian Sheng, Quan Yang, An Rui He, Tian Wu Liu, De Fu Guo, and Rui Jun Liu. "Research on Mill Longitudinal Stiffness Calculation of Wide Hot Strip Mills." Advanced Materials Research 211-212 (February 2011): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.211-212.240.

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Mill is always weighed by its longitudinal stiffness. The prediction precision of longitudinal stiffness related strip geometric accuracy. Taking 1700mm hot strip line as research object, stiffness of housing, bearing wall and roll was calculated by finite elements method(FEM), hydraulic system stiffness was obtained by theoretical formula. Analyzing vertical system and structural symmetry of mill, functional relationship between longitudinal stiffness and its components stiffness was derived according to series or parallel connection with various components. Longitudinal stiffness was the basis on thickness set-up model. Calculation result was verified by practical test.

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El Hourani, Mariam El, Joachim Härtling, and Gabriele Broll. "Hydromorphological Assessment as a Tool for River Basin Management: Problems with the German Field Survey Method at the Transition of Two Ecoregions." Hydrology 9, no. 7 (2022): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9070120.

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Since the Water Framework Directive (WFD) came into force in 2000, data on the hydromorphological quality have been collected for all rivers in Europe. In Germany, a reference-based classification scheme is used (LAWA 2000) for hydrological assessment. The question arises whether this method can compensate sufficiently for a change of ecoregion. In our study of the Hase River in NW Germany, the frequency of the river classes was compared between two ecoregions (Lower Saxonian Mountains vs. Northwest-German Lowlands). In the lowlands, the evaluation shows a significantly higher proportion of class 5 river sections. This can mainly be attributed to the main parameters, longitudinal section, riverbed structure and bank structure. While the bad results in the longitudinal section and bank structure can be explained by changes in geology and anthropogenic pressures, the evaluation scheme cannot sufficiently compensate for changes in the riverbed structure. This problem is aggravated by the inconsistent implementation of the evaluation scheme in Germany, where the federal states use different approaches with regard to section length. Using 100 m sections throughout the river course can lead to severely underestimating the number of structures. Further improvement and standardization in the evaluation scheme seem to be necessary for the adjustment of the field survey method to different ecoregions in Germany.

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Grossmann, Katrin, Nadja Kabisch, and Sigrun Kabisch. "Understanding the social development of a post-socialist large housing estate: The case of Leipzig-Grünau in eastern Germany in long-term perspective." European Urban and Regional Studies 24, no. 2 (2015): 142–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776415606492.

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For decades, public and scholarly debates on large, post-war housing estates in western Europe have been concerned with social decline. After 1989/1990, the point in time of fundamental societal change in eastern Europe, this concern was transferred to estates in post-socialist cities. However, empirical evidence for a general negative trend has not emerged. Recent publications confirm the persistence of social mix and highlight the differentiated trajectories of estates. This paper aims to contribute to an approach of how to conceptually make sense of these differentiated trajectories. Using data from a unique longitudinal survey in East Germany, starting in 1979, we investigate the state of social mix, drivers of social change and the inner differentiation in the housing estate Leipzig-Grünau. We found no proof for a dramatic social decline, rather there is evidence for a slow and multi-faceted change in the social and demographic structure of the residents contributing to a gradual social fragmentation of the estate. This is a result of path dependencies, strategic planning effects and ownership structures. We discuss these drivers of large housing estate trajectories and their related impacts by adapting a framework of multiple, overlapping institutional, social and urban post-socialist transformations. We suggest embedding the framework in a wider and a local context in which transformations need to be seen. In conclusion, we argue for a theoretical debate that makes sense of contextual differences within such transformations.

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Lukash, A. A., and N. P. Lukutsova. "Determination of the Geometric Parameters of Round Logs as Functional Materials for Wooden Housing Construction." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.944.

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The article is devoted to the study of strength and thermal insulation properties of logs OBrien. To prevent shrinkage and surface cracks it is proposed to dry logs through the through longitudinal hole. The proposed method is the method of determining geometric parameters of longitudinal openings for the drying of logs, provided that the strength of the logs for a given it load in the design of the exterior walls of the typical wooden house. The stress-strain state of round logs in the outer walls of a wooden frame with a longitudinal hole diameters was studied. It was found that the most dangerous for the considered loadings are the stresses along the contour of the holes. The dependences obtained for the appointment of the diameter and position of holes of the load acting on the beam showed that the holes can be different, depending on the position in the log height of the structure. It was justified, based on the thermal resistance from geometric parameters of round logs.

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Salihoglu, Tayfun, and Handan Türkoglu. "Determinants of Residential Location Choice in Istanbul: A Longitudinal Study." Open House International 44, no. 4 (2019): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2019-b0006.

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Residential mobility is a dynamic urban process resulting from the ever changing internal and external factors of households' residential preferences. Factors effecting these preferences are related to households'perception of spatial issues such as the characteristics of a house, accessibility to urban functions and transportation, land values and house prices, neighborhood characteristics, residential satisfaction, and attachment. The effects of these issues vary through the life cycle as well as social, economic, and employment status of a household. As a result of the legal arrangements and state incentives that have helped to develop the construction industry, current housing patterns have shifted in Istanbul since the 2000s'. This study aims to investigate the changing trends in the factors that affected the residential location preferences of Istanbulites from 2006 to 2014. Data was collected through a stratified sampling method from two different surveys in 2006 and 2014. The paper explains the change in the destination choice of residents in the city at the district level and furthermore, changes in the households' intention to move to one of the three different housing patterns which are common in the city.

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Bortsevych, Pavlo, Viktor Beschastnyi, Yuliia Panimash, Vasyl Kobko, and Oleksii Maslov. "Legal security of investors in the process of financing housing construction in Ukraine and some European countries." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 58 (2022): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.58.10.4.

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The purpose of the article is to find mechanisms that would guarantee the protection of investors’ rights in the process of housing construction. Methodology. In the process of conducting the research, the following methods were used: theoretical generalization, grouping method, methods of dynamic, statistical and comparative analysis, comparative method, method of structural and logical analysis, calculation and analytical method. Research results. The works of scientists who studied the problem of risks associated with investing in construction were analyzed. A comparative study of investor security in France and Germany was conducted. The legislation of Ukraine on this issue was examined. Practical implementation. It was determined that in order to prevent the misuse of funds in housing construction in foreign countries, there is a mechanism for attracting funds by opening escrow accounts and transferring funds from them to the developer. Value/originality. It was proven that the use of escrow accounts in house-building can become an effective mechanism for protecting the rights of investors in Ukraine.

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Nilles, Hannah, Denise Kerkhoff, Zeynep Demir, et al. "Coping of Young Refugees in Germany." European Journal of Health Psychology 29, no. 1 (2022): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000094.

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Abstract. Background: Coping is considered to have an important influence on well-being, especially in adolescent refugees dealing with a high amount of stress. In addition, gender differences in coping are a common topic for research and are often attributed to differences in socialization between boys and girls. Aims: The study aims at clarifying the gender differences in coping strategies used by non-Western adolescents. Additionally, associations with aspects of socialization, in particular Gender Role Attitudes (GRA), on gender differences are investigated. Method: Refugees from Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan ( N = 106, 55% male) aged 11–18 years completed questionnaires in schools or housing facilities. Associations between gender, GRA, coping strategies, and well-being were investigated using moderation and regression analyses. Results: Gender differences found in previous literature could, in part be replicated. Refugee girls reported more anger-related emotion regulation than boys did. However, GRA did not show any connections to coping strategies. Limitations: Most limitations result from low reliabilities and possible biases due to the use of self-reports. Conclusion: The more frequent use of anger-related emotion regulation as the only gender difference replicated in this study highlights the importance of research with refugee samples to prevent over-generalization of previous results from Western cultures.

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Esin, A. I., D. A. Soloviev, M. G. Zagoruyko, D. A. Kolganov, and T. A. Marynova. "Longitudinal homogeneous flow in a Cylindricalcoarse filter." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, no. 1 (2022): 012159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012159.

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Abstract The article considers a hydraulic model of fluid movement (irrigation water) in the cavity of a cylindrical filter of coarse cleaning of a sprinkler machine, in particular, a longitudinally homogeneous averaged turbulent flow in the annular gap between the filter mesh and the filter housing. For a longitudinally homogeneous flow in an annular gap, the Reynolds equations do not give the desired distribution of averaged velocities. Therefore, the differential equation of equilibrium of an elementary volume of liquid is obtained and integrated in the article. A method for calculating the unknown kinematic coefficient of turbulent viscosity is proposed. Results: According to the data of the DU-200M filter, a longitudinal profile of local averaged velocities in the annular gap and a full profile in the filter cavity are constructed. Conclusions: For the hydraulic calculation of cylindrical relatively long coarse filters, a model of longitudinally homogeneous averaged turbulent motion can be used as a first approximation.

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Pohl, Robert, Stephan-Werner Krämer, Christoph Stallmann, et al. "Study protocol for the SeMaCo study: A longitudinal regional cohort study to assess COVID-19 seroprevalence in blood donors." F1000Research 10 (September 29, 2021): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.53845.1.

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Introduction: Serologic studies are crucial for clarifying the regional dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic as well as the success of a vaccination campaign against COVID-19. We describe a cohort study investigating the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Magdeburg (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany). Protocol and study design: The SeMaCo study (Serologische Untersuchungen bei Blutspendern des Großraums Magdeburg auf Antikörper gegen SARS-CoV-2) is a longitudinal, regional cohort study to assess the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in blood donors from Magdeburg (Capital of Saxony-Anhalt) and surrounding areas. We consider blood donors as a surrogate for the healthy, working-age population of Saxony-Anhalt. The study primarily aims to measure the prevalence and kinetics of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in first time and repeat blood donors over a period of 21 months. The study explores four survey periods of three to four months each (January–April 21, July–October 21, February–April 22, July–October 22). At each visit, we will assess the attitude towards vaccination, the antibody response following vaccination, as well as undesired vaccination effects. Furthermore, we will collect data on occupational activities, housing conditions and the frequency of family and other social contacts. Discussion: The SeMaCo study extends the spectrum of seroepidemiological investigations in Germany. A longitudinal observation with repeated testing and serial interviews can provide a more accurate view on the dynamics of COVID-19 prevalence and spread than repeated cross-sectional studies. Based on interim results from similar studies, we expect a seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies below 5% in the first survey period. SeMaCo will influence policy decisions and preventative measures.

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Kubo, Tomoko. "Housing challenges in shrinking and aging Japanese cities." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-195-2019.

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Abstract. The topic of shrinking cities has been one of the most important urban issues in the past three decades. Couch and Cocks (2013) reviewed studies on the outcomes of recent shrinking cities: (1) rapid out-migration from post-socialist countries such as the movement from East Germany to West Germany in the 1990s; (2) economic -decline as an additional trigger for out-migration such as in old industrial areas in Northern England and the Rust Belt of the United States; and (3) rapid demographic changes such as low fertility and longevity-led ageing of the society leading to shrinking regions in the European countries and Japan. Although many studies have been conducted in East Germany, the old industrial cities, and the aging European countries (Nordvik and Gulbrabdsen 2009, Hoekstra et al. 2018, Hollander 2018), little is known about shrinkage in Japanese cities. Over recent decades, the debates on shrinking cities have been widely studied; these studies can be classified into three categories: (1) studies to understand the background reasons that caused shrinkage, (2) those to analyze the effects or outcomes of shrinkage (e.g., increase in housing vacancies or vacant lots, growth of crime rate or political challenges), and (3) those to propose policy implications or practical solution strategies to overcome shrinkage (Hollander and Nemeth 2011).First, Hollander (2018) and other studies identified the relationship between the neighborhood life cycle (Hoover and Vernon 1959, or studies by the Chicago schools) and urban shrinkage, with regards to old industrial cities such as those in the Rust Belt of the United States and erstwhile mining towns in North England. Hoover and Vernon (1959) proposed that a neighborhood follows a five-stage cycle, comprising the stages of development, transition, downgrading, shrinkage, and renewal; this five-stage model is linked to the discriminative housing policies from the 1930s until the 1970s in the United States (Metzger 2000). In addition to these neighborhood cycles, other factors such as economic decline, outmigration and population loss, demographic changes (Nordvik and Gulbrabdsen 2009, Couch and Cocks 2013), social transition, globalization and neo-liberalization have transformed housing, welfare, and family relations in many countries (Yui et al. 2017, Ronald and Lennarts 2018). In East Germany, housing oversupply during the post-socialist shrinking periods acted as a catalyst to form a new residential segregation pattern in Leipzig (Grobmann et al. 2015). Some neighborhood conditions can lead to an increase in the number of housing abandonments or long-term housing vacancies in specific neighborhoods, as demonstrated by various studies mentioning oversupply of housing during the housing bubble periods and longitude low demand neighborhoods in the United States (Molloy 2016), the high ratio of poverty (Immergluck 2016), and the conditions of the surrounding neighborhoods (Morckel 2014). Second, the population loss caused by massive out-migration and a rise in housing abandonment or housing vacancies were the most common outcomes of urban shrinkage. Out-migration was triggered by the movement to seek better job opportunities or quality of life, urban life cycles with growth and decline (Couch and Cocks 2013), and the longitudinal decline process of population (Alves et al. 2016). Nordvik and Gulbrandsen (2009) analyzed aging-led shrinkage with a case study in Norway and found a spatial characteristic of shrinkage that occurs more often in suburbs than in city-centers, and the positive relation between the rise in the vacant property ratio and an increase in the elderly population in a region. The out-migration of the younger generation, arising from the desire to move away from parental homes in suburbs, and the deaths among the parental generation that have occurred in the last 30 to 50 years have led to a gradual increase in vacant housing in the suburb in Norway (Nordvik and Gulbrabdsen 2009). Apparently, the Japanese suburban neighborhoods have experienced the rise in housing vacancies and ageing population through the similar mechanism with that in Norway, but the reality and spatial patterns of shrinking-related problems vary reflecting the urban and housing policies, housing market characteristics, and embedded relationship between housing and family in society. According to Couch and Cocks (2013), the rise in housing vacancies in a region arises due to several factors, as follows. The first factor is that of short-term vacancies for which there is no demand in the local housing market; this issue can be resolved through public intervention in terms of reinvestment in inner-city social housing, such as in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. The second factor is that of oversupply of housing as compared to the housing demand in a region; this is caused by lower satisfaction among residents in their residential environment or inequality in public investment and access to private financial resources by local residents. Moreover, shrinking cities with a high ratio of long-term housing vacancies tend to experience an increase in crime such as burglary. This is because the rise in housing vacancies causes a decline in neighbourhood vitality required to protect social disorder; vacant housing is used to store stolen goods or sell drugs, and there is a “broken window effect” with regard to abandoned housing vacancies (Jones and Pridemore 2016).There have recently been more meaningful discussions on how to handle the problems of shrinking cities. As Hoekstra et al. (2018) mentioned, there have been two main approaches in these discussions: one approach has focused on increasing the population in shrinking cities again, whereas, the other accepts longitudinal shrinkage patterns and aims to increase the quality of life of present and future residents (Hollander and Nemeth 2011). The former approach advocates entrepreneurial policies to attract new residents, resulting in an increase in inequality within a region, unsold housing, and a lack of affordable housing (Hoekstra et al. 2018). The latter approach employs methodologies such as selective demolition of abandoned housing to control the housing stock of a region, promoting down-sizing or right-sizing to meet the changes in the housing demands of residents, or densification of urban buildings to recreate walkable neighborhoods (Hoekstra et al. 2018). Hollander and Nemeth (2011) proposed smart decline strategies based on the concept of social justice, with an emphasis on the following aspects: accepting voices from diverse actors, utilizing different types of technology to share information about citizens to problematize uneven power structure, transparent decision-making processes with clear evaluation, and paying attention to the scale of decision making (e.g., the total planning burden is shared among regional levels, and the required interventions are conducted at local levels). Compared to the rich accumulation of literature on shrinking cities in Western countries, the Japanese situation has not been discussed sufficiently and there is an absence of strategies to resolve the issues in Japan. Research on shrinkage and housing has clarified that factors related to housing, welfare, and family relations are embedded in the social fabric, and the relationships vary by region or by country (Ronald and Lennerts 2018). Therefore, it is necessary to obtain deeper understanding of the housing challenges in shrinking and aging Japanese cities. The present study aims to review the above-mentioned three categories of shrinking city debates in Japan, to propose practical countermeasures for shrinking and aging Japanese cities. First, we review the reasons that caused the shrinkage in Japanese cities. Second, we analyze the increase in housing vacancies as an outcome of this shrinkage. Third, we examine the political countermeasures that have been adopted in Japan and evaluate their efficacy in the Japanese situation. Finally, through these analyses, we propose policy implications to deal with the problems of aging and shrinking cities in Japan. The major findings of the study are as follows: First of all, existing systems that had been established during the economic and urban growth periods of Japan are not suitable to address the new demands of the shrinking and aging era. Therefore, a great divide in terms of residential environments has occurred within a metropolitan area or between cities. Lesser access to financial resources to reinvest in old suburban neighborhoods or local cities accelerates the divide or inequality in terms of residential environments. Second, an increase in housing vacancies can decrease the quality of life of older adults in these shrinking neighborhoods. Third, these problems could be resolved by adopting a strategy of smart decline, with selective investment to control housing stock, and by accepting aging in place in shrinking neighborhoods. We discuss the challenges in implementing these possible solutions in Japanese cities.

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Pastukh, Olga, Dietmar Mähner, Aleksandr Panin, and Vladimir Elistratov. "MODERN MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES USED IN HOUSING CONSTRUCTION: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE." Architecture and Engineering 7, no. 3 (2022): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2022-7-3-53-64.

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Introduction: The article addresses the possibility of using universal energy-efficient engineering and technological solutions in mass housing construction, regardless of the climatic region of construction, with account for modern development in Saint Petersburg (Russian Federation) and Münster (Germany). The article not only considers improvements in building technologies used in modern housing construction but also offers an overview of the latest energy-efficient materials and structures. Purpose of the study: We aimed to introduce energy-efficient solutions in housing construction using innovative technologies and materials. In addition to theoretical materials, practical calculations will be presented, clearly showing the advantages and disadvantages of various engineering and technical solutions. Methods: In the course of the study, we used a) a comparative analysis of physical and thermal properties as well as strength characteristics of building materials used in mass housing construction; b) a problem-logical method to analyze possible typical space-planning and structural solutions for the design and construction of buildings, with account for climatic conditions and geographical features of the construction region, in compliance with the basic principles of modern sustainable construction, energy and environmental standards, economic efficiency of the solutions used, in accordance with international European LEED and BREEAM and Russian GREEN ZOOM standards. Results: We propose to introduce, along with the already well-known and time-tested ones, innovative patented solutions in materials and construction technologies both in private and mass housing construction in the countries under consideration: Russian Federation and Germany. Discussion: The discussion of field tests and implementation of the latest building materials in housing construction clearly demonstrates the importance of international cooperation in this field at various levels. As a consequence of the growing volume of housing construction and energy consumption, there emerge new stricter requirements and standards for the quality of materials produced and their technical characteristics, as well as a variety of decorative solutions enabling the construction market to be competitive and meet the over-demand requirements of the rapidly developing industrial society, while necessarily taking environmental protection measures, including those on conservation and mindful use of natural resources.

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Liebelt, Veronika, Stephan Bartke, and Nina Schwarz. "Urban Green Spaces and Housing Prices: An Alternative Perspective." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (2019): 3707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133707.

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Urban green spaces (UGS) are essential components of sustainable cities that provide many benefits to urban residents, such as recreation or aesthetics. Urban residents may be willing to pay for some of these ecosystem services. Indeed, studies investigating the formation of housing prices through hedonic pricing analysis have shown that UGS can influence housing prices. Hedonic pricing analysis puts housing units at the center of analysis. In this study, we investigate whether an alternative perspective provides additional insights into the effects of UGS on pricing. The proposed approach puts UGS into the center of analysis by applying an analysis of buffer zones to housing prices, thus, linking approaches from urban economics and landscape ecology. Such an analysis could deepen our understanding of the effects of UGS on housing prices by analyzing price–distance slopes around UGS-thus supporting more informed decisions on efficient UGS management and urban planning. Our results using a case study on Leipzig, Germany, demonstrate that the size of UGS affects price–distance slopes around them. We conclude that further investigations should be fathomed to unleash the potential of applying the analysis of buffer zones around UGS as a method to inform sustainable UGS design in cities.

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Oswald, Frank, Steven Schmidt, and Malcolm Cutchin. "Dynamic Relationships Between Perceived Housing and Life Transitions: A Better Understanding of Good Aging in Place." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1715.

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Abstract Housing has gained increased relevance as a central factor for health and well-being. Many countries have implemented ageing in place policies, which provide services focused on improving the physical environment. Housing needs change as people grow older and experience different transitions across their life courses. Studies have demonstrated relationships between housing and health and well-being in later life on the one hand and life transitions and health and well-being in later life on the other hand. However, research on life transitions in combination with perceived housing in relation to indicators of good ageing is virtually nonexistent. This symposiums aims to address the dynamic relationship between perceived housing and life transitions and how they impact health, well-being, functioning, and social/neighborhood participation as people age by data from a mixed-method approach in Sweden and Germany. The first contribution by Slaug and colleagues introduces changes in how older adults perceive their housing following the life transition of a fall at home. Second, Eriksson and colleagues present qualitative results on the experience of relationships between perceived housing, several life transitions and well-being among community-dwelling Swedish older adults. Third, Wanka and colleagues present partially different results from a comparable study in German on the same topic but emphasizing the experience of interrelationships between different life course transitions. Fourth, Granbom and colleagues explore how low-income older adults in Sweden reason about their current housing situation and a future life transition of relocation. Finally, Malcolm P. Cutchin will serve as the session’s discussant.

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Lueder, Christoph. "Evaluator, Choreographer, Ideologue, Catalyst: The Disparate Reception Histories of Alexander Klein's Graphical Method." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 76, no. 1 (2017): 82–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2017.76.1.82.

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The graphical method propounded by Russian German Israeli architect Alexander Klein during the late 1920s evaluates the qualities of architectural plans through a process of diagrammatic analysis following purportedly objective criteria. In Evaluator, Choreographer, Ideologue, Catalyst: The Disparate Reception Histories of Alexander Klein's Graphical Method, Christoph Lueder examines the reception and adaptation of Klein's method. Ernst Löwitsch reinterpreted Klein's analytical notation as choreography of domestic life. Following Klein's forced emigration from Nazi Germany, Frank Gloor rediscovered Klein's graphical method and transformed and adapted it into a scientific method classifying degrees of flexibility. Catherine Bauer disseminated the method to the English-speaking world under a new title, “Functional Housing for Frictionless Living,” which led to Robin Evans's enduring indictment of Klein's diagrams as emblematic of reductive functionalism. Throughout its reception, the graphical method has been viewed at various times as a methodology of scientific evaluation, a choreography of everyday life, an indictment of functionalist ideology, and a catalyst for new working methodologies.

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Mckenzie, John Stephen. "Emotional Reflexivity and the Guiding Principle of Objectivity in an Inter-Disciplinary, Multi-Method, Longitudinal Research Project." Sociological Research Online 22, no. 1 (2017): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.4210.

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This paper demonstrates how emotional reflexivity can help researchers aspire to the benchmark of objectivity. It will be argued that emotional exchanges during interviews with research participants can enhance understanding based on the author's research experiences in an inter-disciplinary, multi-method, longitudinal study of low-energy, social housing in Aberdeen, Scotland. It will then be demonstrated that emotional reflexivity allowed the researcher to identify how his feelings of empathy with the household occupants, who had had a negative experience, developed and how he began to share their frustrations and disappointments with the Council. This allowed him to locate himself within the research field, and help him understand how this influenced his representation of this group. This consequently allowed him to moderate his focus on the negative experiences of some occupants and produce a more comprehensive account of the full range of the householders’ perspectives. In conclusion, it will be argued that emotional reflexivity can help researchers maintain the guiding principle of objectivity whilst locating the researcher within the field and therefore can provide an effective means of negotiating the pitfalls of the reflexive turn.

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Hiilamo, Aapo, and Emily Grundy. "Household debt and depressive symptoms among older adults in three continental European countries." Ageing and Society 40, no. 2 (2018): 412–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18001113.

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AbstractIn this comparative study focusing on the population aged 50 and over in three European countries, we investigate the association between household debt and depressive symptoms, and possible country differences in this association, using data from Waves 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 of the Surveys of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for Belgium, France and Germany. Multi-level regression models with random intercepts for individuals were used to analyse the association between household debt status and number of depressive symptoms (EURO-D score). Country differences in the household debt–depression nexus were tested using country interaction models. After controlling for other measures of socio-economic position and physical health, low or substantial financial debt was associated with a higher number of depressive symptoms in all countries. Housing debt was strongly linked to depressive symptoms for women while the association was weaker for men. The only country difference was that for both sexes substantial financial debt (more than €5,000) was strongly associated with depressive symptoms in Belgium and Germany, but the association was weak or non-significant in France. Associations between financial debt and depression were also evident in analyses of within-individual changes in depressive symptoms for a longitudinal sub-group, and in analyses using a dichotomised, rather than a continuous, measure of depression. The findings indicate that measures of household indebtedness should be taken into consideration in investigations of social inequalities in depression and suggest a need for mental health services targeted at indebted older people.

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Stephens, Christine, Ágnes Szabó, Joanne Allen, and Fiona Alpass. "A Capabilities Approach to Unequal Trajectories of Healthy Aging: The Importance of the Environment." Journal of Aging and Health 31, no. 9 (2018): 1527–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318779474.

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Objectives: We aimed to examine the relationships of older people’s standard of living and perceived quality of housing and neighborhoods, with different physical, mental, and social well-being trajectories over time. Method: Longitudinal data from 2,483 New Zealanders (55-70 years of age in 2006) surveyed biennially for 10 years were analyzed using latent profile growth analysis and MANOVA. Results: Five health trajectories were revealed: robust health, average good health, declining physical health, limitations in mental health and social well-being, or vulnerable health. Trajectory group membership was significantly related to economic standard of living, satisfaction with housing, quality of neighborhood, and social cohesion of neighborhood. Discussion: The findings support a focus on environmental resources to explain inequalities in health. Future research could focus on developing the basis of these associations. Policies to offset such inequalities would focus on social and physical environmental support for the maintenance of social, mental, and physical health in older age.

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Nolen, Erin, Catherine Cubbin, and Mackenzie Brewer. "The effect of maternal food insecurity transitions on housing insecurity in a population-based sample of mothers of young children." AIMS Public Health 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2022001.

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<abstract><sec> <title>Background</title> Studies have shown a link between food insecurity and housing problems, including trouble paying rent. Additional research is needed to test the longitudinal effect of food insecurity on housing insecurity in a socio-demographically diverse, population-based sample. We tested whether food insecurity transitions predicted housing insecurity using a housing insecurity index consisting of housing and neighborhood factors. We also tested whether social cohesion or social support mediated the food/housing insecurity relationship. </sec><sec> <title>Method</title> Data were analyzed from a sample of 2868 mothers of young children residing in California at two time points: the baseline Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (2003–2007) and follow-up Geographic Research on Wellbeing survey (2012–2013). Women were categorized as food insecure both times; became food insecure; became food secure; and food secure both times. We constructed linear regression models for housing insecurity: models regressing each variable separately; a model regressing sociodemographic covariates and food insecurity status; mediation models adding social cohesion or social support; and mediation models for each racial/ethnic group. </sec><sec> <title>Results</title> Food insecurity transitions were associated with housing insecurity in a gradient pattern. Compared to women who were food secure both times, housing insecurity was highest among women who were food insecure both times, followed by those who became food insecure, and then those who transitioned out of food insecurity (became food secure). Food insecurity remained a significant risk factor for housing insecurity even after adjusting sociodemographic covariates. While social support and social cohesion were negatively associated with housing insecurity, there was limited evidence that social support/cohesion mediated the food insecurity/housing insecurity relationships. </sec><sec> <title>Conclusions</title> The lack of substantial mediation suggests that factors beyond social ties may explain the food and housing insecurity relationship. Efforts to reduce material hardship should consist of streamlined policy efforts that offer tangible supports for women and their families. </sec></abstract>

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Schmidt, Pauline, and Bryce T. Lawrence. "Association between Land Surface Temperature and Green Volume in Bochum, Germany." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (2022): 14642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114642.

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Average temperatures continue to rise throughout the world due to climate change and, thus, also in Europe, often occurring as heat waves. The negative effects of climate change-related heat waves can be observed, especially in urban areas where land sealing is the greatest and so is population density. Past studies have indicated that green volume can provide climate improvement by balancing humidity and regulating temperature. This study aims to estimate the distribution of surface heat islands and green volume and test the relationship between these variables in a case study of Bochum, Germany. A method to develop a temporally longitudinal 30-m Landsat 8-based land surface temperature (LST) analysis and 30-m LiDAR-based green volume dataset are presented, and their relationship is tested using Pearson’s correlation (n = 148,204). The results show that heat islands are moderately negatively correlated with green volume (r = −0.482; p < 0.05), LST can vary as much as 28 degrees °C between heat islands and densely vegetated areas, and the distribution is heterogeneous across Bochum.

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Wetzel, Martin, and Bram Vanhoutte. "Putting cumulative (dis)advantages in context: Comparing the role of educational inequality in later-life functional health trajectories in England and Germany." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0244371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244371.

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Background The cumulative (dis)advantage (CAD) perspective more and more is examined in a comparative way, to highlight the role of context in generating inequality over the life course. This study adds to this field of research by examining trajectories of activities of daily living (ADL) in later life by educational level in a country comparison of England and Germany, emphasizing differing institutional conditions. Method Data used are the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; 11,352 individuals) and the German subsample of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE; 5,573 individuals). Using population averaged Poisson panel regression models, 12-year trajectories of six birth cohorts are investigated, covering the age range of 50 to 90 years. Results Respondents in England have a higher level of limitations at age 50, and more limited increases over age than in Germany. An educational gradient exists in both countries at age 50. Notably, the educational gradient increases for more recently born cohorts, but declines with increasing age in England, while in Germany educational differences increase for more recently born cohort only. Discussion The current study indicates that CAD processes between educational groups are context sensitive. While England showed convergence of disparities with increasing age, in Germany no differential development was found.

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Watson, Dennis P., Nyssa Snow-Hill, Lisa Saldana, et al. "A longitudinal mixed method approach for assessing implementation context and process factors: Comparison of three sites from a Housing First implementation strategy pilot." Implementation Research and Practice 1 (January 2020): 263348952097497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633489520974974.

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Background: Implementation science’s focus on establishing implementation strategy effectiveness has overshadowed the need to understand differential performance of such strategies under various conditions. Methods allowing for assessment between implementation context and process can help address this gap. This article provides a detailed description of a mixed method procedure for assessing factors related to the implementation context and process intersection, which was developed as part of the pilot study of the Housing First Technical Assistance and Training (HFTAT) program, a multifaceted strategy designed to support Housing First model implementation. Methods: The HFTAT was pilot tested among a sample of three organizations. Our mixed method approach combines two tools often used in implementation research—the Stages of Implementation Completion (SIC) and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research—in a novel way. Several stages to analysis were completed, starting with a separate analysis of data pertaining to each measure and then two levels of mixed method analysis. Results: The approach provided a better understanding of the issues that impacted the implementation guided by the HFTAT, suggesting (1) individual determinants seemed to have a bigger impact based on the number of SIC phases they affected, (2) implementation context and process were connected through climate-related factors in the inner setting that made the sites more or less responsive to addressing identified barriers, and (3) there is a need to better assess context factors to identify areas where implementation drivers should be better targeted to facilitate change, and this is supported by prior research. Conclusions: Understanding the underlying factors impacting a setting’s performance related to a specific implementation strategy has potential to improve decision-making and optimize future implementation efforts. The approach likely be as successful combining the SIC with other determinant frameworks and should be utilized at the onset of an implementation project to maximize its usefulness. Plain language summary The field of implementation science needs better approaches for understanding how context (i.e., constraints and opportunities in the implementation setting) and process (i.e., the actions and steps taken during implementation) interact over the course of implementation. Such information would be very useful for understanding the success or failure of specific implementation strategies, which are specific techniques used to increase the adoption, implementation, and sustainability of a specific intervention. This article explains a method to assess the intersection of implementation context and implementation process that we developed to better understand issues that could help explain the effectiveness of an implementation strategy for an intervention for housing people who are experiencing chronic homelessness and who have both a diagnosed substance use disorder and serious mental illness. The method combines two popular implementation tools, the Stages of Implementation Completion and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Using this method resulted in a better understanding of differences in implementation performance at each of the organizations and how we might improve the implementation strategy. This understanding was better than what we had learned from other approaches we had used before this. We provide some suggestions for how the method can be strengthened for use in other studies.

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Walther, Leif Erik, Alexander Blödow, Stefan Volkenstein, Stefan Dazert, and Jan Löhler. "Webinar-based continuing medical education in otorhinolaryngology during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: a longitudinal study." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (2021): e049687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049687.

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ObjectiveReliance on webinars for continuing medical education (CME) has increased since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we aimed to evaluate the teaching methods used in these webinars.DesignRetrospective, longitudinal study.Setting20 CME-approved webinars, conducted March–December 2020 in Germany, and lasting 2.25 hours each.ParticipantsOtorhinolaryngologists pursuing CME credits.InterventionsPostwebinar participant assessments of the speaker, effects on practical work, desired scientific content, technical quality, interactions, attention and future training behaviour.ResultsOn average, 780 participants joined each webinar. The mean survey response rate was 35% (n=282). When asked how well the speaker had mastered the content, 38% responded ‘very well’, 44% responded ‘well’, 14% indicated ‘satisfactory’ and 4% chose ‘sufficient’. The frequency of webinars was considered appropriate by 92%, too high by 4% and too low by 4% of participants. The measured attention of the participants was 90%. After the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, 68% of participants preferred online teaching. The average costs per participant were €3.50 (about $4.25 or £3.15) per webinar.ConclusionsAlthough the pandemic context likely influenced the results, we conclude that periodic ear, nose and throat webinar training during COVID-19 in 2020 was an effective alternative delivery method. We found high attention rates, high levels of participant satisfaction and low costs. Evaluations and re-evaluations will be necessary to adapt teaching concepts successfully and ensure high levels of teaching and learning efficiency.

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Schönberg, Uta. "Wage Growth Due to Human Capital Accumulation and Job Search: A Comparison between the United States and Germany." ILR Review 60, no. 4 (2007): 562–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390706000406.

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This paper compares the sources of wage growth of young male workers in two countries with very different labor market institutions, the United States and Germany. The author first develops a simple method for decomposing wage growth into components due to general human capital accumulation, firm-specific human capital accumulation, and job search. The empirical analysis uses data from administrative records (Germany) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (United States) for cohorts entering the labor market in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the two countries differed substantially in mobility rates, they were similar in the sources of wage growth, with general human capital accumulation being the most important single source and job search accounting for an additional 25% or more of total wage growth. There is no evidence that returns to firm-specific human capital accumulation were higher for German apprentices than for U.S. high school dropouts or graduates.

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al Hagrey, Said Attia. "Electric study of fracture anisotropy at Falkenberg, Germany." GEOPHYSICS 59, no. 6 (1994): 881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443647.

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Electric and electromagnetic methods have been applied for mapping subsurface fractures and the directional dependence of in‐situ electric parameters at the hot dry rock site at Falkenberg, Germany. This study includes the determination of several anisotropy parameters like the mean, longitudinal and transverse resistivity components ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively), the anisotropy coefficient λ, and the strike angle Θ. Terrain conductivity measurements using the technique of frequency‐domain electromagnetic induction reveal a dominant anomaly strike of east‐south‐east— west‐north‐west, nearly parallel to the fracturing strike of N110°. With increasing distance from the central borehole, the mise à la masse potential differences exhibit a transition from a direct to a paradoxical relationship to the resistivity anisotropy induced by the fracturing. These observations are explained using a model for an ellipsoidal fracture. The qualitative interpretation of the sounding data of Schlumberger and crossed‐square arrays clearly shows the anisotropy paradox related to the N110° strike. The crossed‐square method applied over a range of electrode spacings of 2.1–447 m yields apparent anisotropy values of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], λ = 1.15–1.34 and Θ ≈ 110°. The quantitative interpretation of the sounding data shows a conductive fracture zone (ρ ≈ 300–700 ω ⋅ m) embedded in the resistive granitic basement (ρ > 1200 ω ⋅ m) at a depth of 55–85 m. The anisotropy parameters for the fracture zone are ρm = 700 ω ⋅ m, [Formula: see text], ρt = 1225 ω ⋅ m and λ = 1.75. The fact that the anisotropy coefficient of the conductive zone is higher than the apparent λ is in agreement with the conclusion that the anisotropy at the study site is related mainly to fracturing.

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Hudde, Ansgar. "Homogamy in Gender Role Attitudes Among Young Couples: Evidence from Germany." KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 72, no. 3 (2020): 403–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11577-020-00711-1.

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Abstract Romantic partners’ similarity in gender role attitudes affects important outcomes such as sharing of housework, relationship stability, or fertility. However, there is little knowledge about how similar romantic partners are in these attitudes. Using dyadic panel data from German couples (sourced from pairfam), this study puts the degree of homogamy in gender role attitudes among young couples into perspective by comparing real couples with two types of counterfactuals. To create these counterfactuals, I re-mate couples in two ways: (a) randomly and (b) in such a way that similarity in attitudes between partners is maximized. Real couples differ only slightly from randomly mated couples, which suggests rather weak attitudinal similarity. Using longitudinal information, I further test the mechanisms that determine the degree of homogamy: there is strong evidence for alignment over time and for lower rates of separation among homogamous couples, but no evidence for homogamy as a by-product of assortative mating on other variables. This paper offers methodological and substantial contributions to the literature: it presents a method for intuitive assessment of the degree of homogamy with multiple variables simultaneously. It also shows that in Germany, macro-level diversity in attitudes largely translates into dissimilar attitudes between partners—with important implications for relationship dynamics.

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Bogataj, David, Valerija Rogelj, Marija Bogataj, and Eneja Drobež. "Housing equity withdrawal for development of assisted-living facilities." Facilities 38, no. 9/10 (2020): 651–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-10-2018-0125.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop new type of reverse mortgage contract. How to provide adequate services and housing for an increasing number of people that are dependent on the help of others is a crucial question in the European Union (EU). The housing stock in Europe is not fit to support a shift from institutional care to the home-based independent living. Some 90% of houses in the UK and 70%–80% in Germany are not adequately built, as they contain accessibility barriers for people with emerging functional impairments. The available reverse mortgage contracts do not allow for relocation to their own adapted facilities. How to finance the adaptation from housing equity is discussed. Design/methodology/approach The authors have extended the existing loan reverse mortgage model. Actuarial methods based on the equivalence of the actuarial present values and the multiple decrement approach are used to evaluate premiums for flexible longevity and lifetime long-term care (LTC) insurance for financing adequate facilities. Findings The adequate, age-friendly housing provision that is appropriate to support the independence and autonomy of seniors with declining functional capacities can lower the cost of health care and improve the well-being of older adults. For financing the development of this kind of facilities for seniors, the authors developed the reverse mortgage scheme with embedded longevity and LTC insurance as a possible financial instrument for better LTC services and housing with care in assisted-living facilities. This kind of facilities should be available for the rapid growth of older cohorts. Research limitations/implications The numerical example is based on rather crude numbers, because of lack of data, as the developed reverse mortgage product with LTC insurance is a novelty. Intensity of care and probabilities of care in certain category of care will change after the introduction of this product. Practical implications The model results indicate that it is possible to successfully tie an insurance product to the insured and not to the object. Social implications The introduction of this insurance option will allow many older adult with low pension benefits and a substantial home equity to safely opt for a reverse mortgage and benefit from better social care. Originality/value While currently available reverse mortgage contracts lapse when the homeowner moves to assisted-living facilities in any EU Member State, in the paper a new method is developed where multiple adjustments of housing to the functional capacities with relocation is possible, under the same insurance and reverse mortgage contract. The case of Slovenia is presented as a numerical example. These insurance products, as a novelty, are portable, so the homeowner can move in own specialised housing unit in assisted-living facilities and keep the existing reverse mortgage contract with no additional costs, which is not possible in the current insurance products. With some small modifications, the method is useful for any EU Member State.

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Kneale, Dylan. "Connected communities? LGB older people and their risk of exclusion from decent housing and neighbourhoods." Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 17, no. 2 (2016): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qaoa-04-2015-0019.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the way in which the housing and neighbourhood accessibility and neighbourhood connectedness of older lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people aged 50 and over, differ compared to non-LGB older people. Design/methodology/approach – This paper utilises data collected as part of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing as well as theories around social exclusion to explore these issues, using information from 5,442 survey respondents including 260 identified as LGB. Findings – Little evidence is uncovered of a link between being LGB and experiencing exclusion from decent housing, public transport or neighbourhood amenities. Significant differences were uncovered in levels of home ownership and the numbers who reported having seen a friend the previous day, the likelihood of which were both lower for LGB people compared to non-LGB people. Research limitations/implications – All analyses are subject to caveats around the size of the sample and the method of identifying LGB older people. The findings could suggest older LGB people may be less likely to have property wealth from which to draw down in retirement. Furthermore, the findings on older LGB people being less likely to have seen a friend the previous day, may suggest a need for more opportunities to be made available for LGB people to maintain their social networks closer to home to offset the risk of social isolation. Originality/value – This is one of the first studies to examine how the housing and neighbourhood accessibility and connectedness patterns of older LGB people differ from non-LGB people in the UK.

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Khramtsov, Petr I., Anna S. Sedova, and Nadezhda O. Berezina. "Improving the criteria for a comprehensive assessment of the foot condition during preventive medical examinations of children and adolescents." Russian Pediatric Journal 23, no. 4 (2020): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2020-23-4-259-264.

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Introduction. According to the results of in-depth medical examinations of students of different age groups, the leading ranks in the structure of functional abnormalities and chronic diseases belong to disorders and diseases of the musculoskeletal system (MSS), including disorders of the formation of the foot. The purpose of the study is to improve the methodological support for a comprehensive assessment of the foot condition during preventive medical examinations of children and adolescents. Materials and methods. The study involved 222 children 7-10 years old and 330 children and adolescents 11-18 years old. The assessment of the foot condition was based on the visual research method and the plantography method using the Bauerfiend plantograph (Germany). The condition of the longitudinal arch of the foot was assessed using the Shtriter method, and the transverse arch was assessed using the foot width index. We used an Express method for evaluating the position of the forefoot and a method for visualizing the footprint to identify options for distributing the support load on the plantar surface of the foot. Results. A method of the comprehensive assessment of the foot condition in students aged 7-18 years based on visual and instrumental research methods has been developed. The criteria values of indices for evaluating the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot are justified. The normal longitudinal arch of the foot is set at the value of the Streeter index - 36-50% for children aged 7-10 years and 40-53% - for teenagers of 11-18 years. The normal state of the transverse arch of the foot corresponded to the values of the foot width index in the range of 37-40% for children 7-10 years old and 36-39% for adolescents 11-18 years old. Conclusion. The presented algorithm of foot examination and criteria for a comprehensive assessment of its condition can be used for mass preventive medical examinations of children and adolescents to improve the accuracy of diagnostics and increase their effectiveness.

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Frank, Björn, and Takao Enkawa. "Economic drivers of dwelling satisfaction." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 2, no. 1 (2009): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17538270910939538.

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PurposeSociologists are discussing whether or not economic growth enhances subjective well‐being. To complement their research from a housing perspective, the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether aggregate income enhances dwelling satisfaction over time. While cross‐sectional studies have only examined the direct influence of income on dwelling satisfaction, this paper suggests that there are additional influences mediated by other social indicators.Design/methodology/approachBased on data from Germany, correlation and regression analyses examine the impacts of aggregate income and other social indicators on dwelling satisfaction. Path analysis is used to test for the existence of mediated relationships.FindingsThe paper finds that aggregate income positively influences dwelling satisfaction. Environmental satisfaction, customer satisfaction and satisfaction with family relations also positively impact dwelling satisfaction and mediate influences of aggregate income. The mediated effects are stronger than the direct effect of aggregate income on dwelling satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe longitudinal availability of aggregate customer satisfaction data is still limited. Future research on dwelling satisfaction is encouraged to account for customer satisfaction and to reexamine the analyses of this study with future data.Practical implicationsStimulating economic growth is a good strategy to improve dwelling satisfaction. Policies improving the environment, family support and shopping opportunities are also effective.Originality/valueThis paper is original in that it examines the impacts of economic growth and customer satisfaction on dwelling satisfaction. While the extant literature has only analysed direct effects of income on dwelling satisfaction, this study also accounts for mediated effects.

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Myers, Dowell, and Seong Woo Lee. "Immigrant Trajectories into Homeownership: A Temporal Analysis of Residential Assimilation." International Migration Review 32, no. 3 (1998): 593–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839803200302.

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Homeownership is an important symbol of a middle-class standard of living and residential assimilation in the United States. This study explores the rate of advancement into homeownership of immigrants, relative to native borns, in Southern California, a principal region of immigrant settlement. Application of a double cohort method enables longitudinal trends for immigrants, due to both aging and assimilation, to be distinguished from the cohort levels observable by cross-sectional techniques. Recent immigrants as well as young native borns are newcomers to the housing market and have lower attainment levels than earlier arrivals or older cohorts. Cohort trajectories are tracked from 1980 to 1990, adjusting for the influence of income, education, English proficiency, and marital status. Asian immigrants achieved extraordinarily high levels of homeownership soon after arrival, whereas Hispanic immigrants demonstrated sustained advancement into homeownership from initially very low levels.

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Srivarathan, Abirami, Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen, Rikke Lund, Siv Steffen Nygaard, and Maria Kristiansen. "‘They are breaking us into pieces’: A longitudinal multi-method study on urban regeneration and place-based social relations among social housing residents in Denmark." Health & Place 79 (January 2023): 102965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.102965.

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Eisen, Nadja, Felix Straube, Simone Schopf, and Michael Schlömann. "Adhesion Studies of Microorganisms on Natural Ore Material." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.398.

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In the course of the decline of high-grade ore deposits, new effective and eco-friendly bioleaching techniques are of interest. In-situ leaching is an auspicious method, but composition of leaching community should be adapted to the respective external conditions and the ore material. In this study several sulfidic minerals were inoculated into acidic mine water of a mine in eastern Germany, housing members of well-known iron oxidizing bacteria like Acidithiobacillus, Leptospirillum and Ferrovum. The attachment tests were performed in batch and in a continuous way at different temperatures. The analysis of the extracted DNA from adhered cells showed an enrichment of Ferrovum spp. on chalcopyrite surface under in-situ conditions at 11°C. For laboratory batch conditions an accumulation of Leptospirillum spp. was detected for adhered cells probably due to the changes of the physicochemical parameter of the mine water. In more detailed analyses we aim to elucidate possible preferential attachment of the mine water community members to certain minerals.

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Prikhodko, T. V. "Legal regulation of counteraction to domestic violence in Russia and Germany: comparative analysis." Law Enforcement Review 6, no. 4 (2022): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2022.6(4).149-161.

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The subject. The article considers a study of regulation of countering domestic violence in Russia and Germany. The author investigates the draft of Russian federal law "On the prevention of domestic crimes" No. 1183390-6 and the law of Germany "On civil protection from acts of violence and persecution" as well as federal and lands’ legislation in this sphere. Purpose of the study. The comparative study aims to identify the reasons for the draft’s unviability in Russian Federation, in particular, and to search for legislative opportunities to solve the domestic crime’s problems in Russia, in general.Methodology. The article is based on the comparative legal method. Due to this method, the article describes the legal protections against domestic violence in Russia and Germany (at the level of the federation and states), the advantages and disadvantages of each system.The main results. The legal measures in Germany as well as the draft federal law in the Russian Federation contain protective measures that can be applied by police and court. The main feature of German measures from Russian ones is the possibility of temporary violator’s ejection from the occupied housing by issuing a judicial or police order. The simplicity of the procedure allows а victim to receive effective help at any time, even at night and on non-working days. The article analyses the allowability of these measures to the offender from the point of view of basic rights’ interference; notes the position of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany about the police order on temporary eviction: the residence ejection is allowable only when the measure aims at preventing criminal acts. The article draws attention to the technique’ defects of the Russian draft federal law "On the prevention of domestic crimes" No. 1183390-6, which require correction in order to improve the domestic violence’ counteraction in Russia.Сonclusions. It is concluded that in the Russian Federation it is necessary to differentiate heterogeneous phenomena in the law, such as victim’s protection from domestic violence and preventive family relationships’ measures, unreasonably mixed together in the draft federal law "On the prevention of domestic crimes" No. 1183390-6. Besides the law about victim’s protection from acts of violence and persecution should include significant consequences exactly for the violator. In this regard, the German multi-level protection system consisting of police protective measures, preliminary judicial measures as well as judicial measures can be applied. German practice makes it possible to react quickly to an act of domestic violence and provide the necessary victim’s support. The experience of applying the police order on the temporary eviction in Germany as well as violator rights’ interference may be appropriate for use in Russia.

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Poncet, Lorraine, Armelle Andro, Mireille Eberhard, et al. "Investigating and Improving Access to Reproductive Healthcare for Vulnerable Migrant Women in France." Social Science Protocols 2 (December 15, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/ssp.2019.2672.

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Background: Homelessness and housing instability in the host countries are central features of the experience of migration to the EU. Although migrant women across the EU encounter obstacles in accessing healthcare services, little is known on the health and access to healthcare services for unstably housed migrant women. The DSAFHIR project aims to better describe the risks faced by migrant women in situations of administrative and social vulnerability, to analyze the barriers to access healthcare and to test specific health interventions. Methods: The DSAFHIR project consists of a two-wave mixed-method survey and the implementation of two tailored sexual health interventions. 474 migrant women aged 18 to 77 years housed in social hotels were surveyed at inclusion. After the implementation of sexual health interventions, respondents were contacted for the follow-up survey (n=284). Discussion: The project provides needed data on migrant women’s health and healthcare access, including non-French speakers. It allows to draw lessons on feasibility and acceptability of quantitative and qualitative surveys on this hard-to-reach population. A high response rate in both waves of the survey (84% and 85%) suggests good acceptability. The attrition is comparable to other migrant longitudinal surveys (60% of the original sample completed the follow-up survey, or 40% of attrition), suggesting that relying on cell phones is possible for follow-up even in contexts of housing instability.

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Kessler, Marciane, Suzinara Beatriz Soares de Lima, Teresinha Heck Weiller, Luís Felipe Dias Lopes, Lucimare Ferraz, and Elaine Thumé. "Longitudinality in Primary Health Care: a comparison between care models." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, no. 3 (2018): 1063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0014.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the attribute longitudinality in different models of assistance in Primary Health Care and observe its association with demographic, socioeconomic and health care characteristics. Method: a cross-sectional study, carried out in 2015 with 1076 adult users of primary care services in the 32 cities of the 4th Regional Health Care Core of Rio Grande do Sul State. The Primary Care Assessment Tool was used with definition of low (<6.6) or high (≥6.6) score for longitudinality. The association with independent variables was observed through the Poisson regression. Results: the attribute was better assessed in the Family Health Strategy and associate with age, housing health region and care model. Conclusion: the study points out the Family Health Strategy as a promoter of longitudinal care, and so, it suggests the expansion of this assistance model coverage for quality improvement in health care.

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Thulien, Naomi S., Andrea Wang, Caitlin Mathewson, Ri Wang, and Stephen W. Hwang. "Tackling exclusion: A pilot mixed method quasi-experimental identity capital intervention for young people exiting homelessness." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0256288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256288.

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Background Longitudinal studies examining the life trajectories of young people after they have exited homelessness have identified concerns with persistent social and economic exclusion, struggles to shake off identities of homelessness, and housing instability. This pilot study sought to explore the feasibility of improving socioeconomic inclusion outcomes by bolstering identity capital (sense of purpose and control, self-efficacy and self-esteem) among young people who had experienced homelessness. Methods Nineteen individuals (aged 18–26) who had transitioned out of homelessness within the past three years participated in a six-week, six-session program focused on building identity capital. The study employed a mixed method prospective cohort hybrid design with an intervention group (Group One) and a delayed intervention comparison group (Group Two). Participants were interviewed every three months until nine months post-intervention. Results None of the youth who began the intervention dropped out of the program, with the exception of one participant who moved across the country and was unable to continue. Immediately after participating in the intervention, Group One had statistically significant improvements (p < .05) and large to very large effect sizes in self-esteem (d = 1.16) and physical community integration (d = 1.79) compared to changes in Group Two over the same period, which had not yet begun the intervention. In the pooled analysis, small to moderate effect sizes in hopelessness, physical community integration, and self-esteem were observed at all post-intervention time points. Notably, at six- and nine-months post-intervention, statistically significant improvements (p < .05) and moderate effect sizes in hopelessness (d = -0.73 and d = -0.60 respectively) and self-esteem (d = 0.71 and d = 0.53 respectively) were observed. Youth shared they appreciated the normalizing (vs. pathologizing) of strategies they needed to learn and spoke of the importance of framing new skills as something one needs “to have a better life” vs. “to get better.” Conclusions These early findings signal that targeting identity capital is feasible and may be a promising approach to incorporate into a more complex intervention that includes housing, education, and employment supports to help youth transition out of homelessness. Future research could build on these findings through a sufficiently powered randomized controlled trial.

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Kireev, A. N., and M. A. Kireeva. "ANALYSIS OF THE ERRORS OF DETERMINING THE EQUIVALENT SIZE AND ORIENTATION OF A PLANE DEFECT UNDER MANUAL ULTRASONIC CONTROL." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 288 (June 2022): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.06.pp.060-064.

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The article reviews and analyzes the method of defect identification for determining the angle of inclination of a planar point defect to the input surface of an ultrasonic wave and its equivalent size during manual ultrasonic testing by the echo-pulse method. The method is most widely used in ultrasonic control of parts obtained by plastic deformation (forging, hot and cold stamping, rolling). This is due to the fact that defects in such parts are predominantly planar in nature. The method of ultrasonic defect identification is based on the use of a combined transducer P131-2.5-0i18-VO-04 containing two piezoelectric transducers in one housing with a normal input of a longitudinal ultrasonic wave and an input angle of 18º. The article presents a mathematical apparatus for the implementation of this method. Also presented is a software product that allows you to automate calculations when using this method of defect identification. The article carried out experimental studies of this method of ultrasonic defect identification, which showed its low error and high efficiency. The average value of the relative error in determining the angle of inclination of a planar point defect to the input surface of an ultrasonic wave was 1.525 %. The average value of the relative error in determining the equivalent size of a planar point defect located at an angle to the ultrasonic wave input surface was 1.192 %.

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Spiegel, J., C. Barcelo, E. B. Loucks, M. Bonet, A. Aldama, and A. Yassi. "What the Cuban context provides health researchers: the feasibility of a longitudinal multi-method study of the impact of housing improvements on health in Havana, Cuba." Journal of Public Health 26, no. 1 (2004): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdh114.

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Slaug, Bjorn, and Oliver K. Schilling. "COPING STRATEGIES AS MODERATORS OF NEGATIVE HEALTH IMPACTS FROM RELOCATION AT VERY OLD AGE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2883.

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Abstract Relocation at very old age is a major life event that may have profound psychological impact. The loss of a home environment that has shaped important aspects of the life course can have negative health impacts, such as lower life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, loss of perceived autonomy and functional independence. However, from an ecological theory perspective, implying that patterns of health and well-being are impacted by a dynamic interplay of personal and environmental factors unfolding throughout the life course, the individual’s adaptive repertoire and resources influence how the individual manages and copes with such major life events as relocation to a new housing environment. To study if coping strategies moderated negative health impacts from relocation at very old age, we utilized longitudinal data of older community-living people from Sweden and Germany who had relocated at some point over a nine-year period (N=79, aged 80+ at baseline). A mixed model approach, adjusting for age at time of relocation, was used to analyze moderating effects of different coping strategies, defined according to Staudinger, Freund & Smith (1995). We found pro-active coping strategies such as reminding oneself of previous ability to solve problems, to significantly moderate negative effects on perceived functional independence and resilient strategies such as letting things just have their course, to significantly moderate negative effects on life satisfaction. We found no significant moderation of depressive symptoms. These results suggest that individual disposition to use different coping strategies can moderate the impact on health that relocation at very old age has.

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Daundasekara, Sajeevika Saumali, Brittany R. Schuler, and Daphne C. Hernandez. "A latent class analysis to identify socio-economic and health risk profiles among mothers of young children predicting longitudinal risk of food insecurity." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (2022): e0272614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272614.

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Background The purpose of the current study was to use a social determinants of health (SDOH) framework and latent class analysis (LCA) to identify risk classes among mothers with young children. The risk classes were then used to predict food insecurity severity and stability/change of food insecurity over time. Method The secondary data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 2,368; oversampled for non-marital births) was used in this study. Household food insecurity was assessed using the 18-items USDA Food Security Survey. A seventeen-item inventory of educational, economic stability, incarceration (i.e. social context), neighborhood safety (i.e. neighborhood and built environment), health and health care, and substance use behaviors at baseline/Year-1 were included to identify SDOH risk indicators in the LCA. Covariate-adjusted multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relation between risk classes at Year-1 and the severity of food insecurity at Year-3 and stability/change of food insecurity between Year-3 and Year -5. Results LCA identified five risk classes: High utility and medical hardship (Class 1), high housing and employment hardship, high substance use, and incarceration (Class 2), high housing and medical hardship, poor health, and health care (Class 3), high employment hardship and low-income (Class 4) and low-risk (Class 5). The Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3 had greater odds of low food security and very low food security at Year-3 compared to Class 4. In addition, compared to Class 4, Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3 had greater odds unstable food insecurity and persistent food insecurity over time. Conclusions LCA could be used to identify distinctive family system risk profiles predictive of food insecurity. The generated risk profiles could be used by health care providers as an additional tool to identify families in need for resources to ensure household food security.

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Gingell, Annie Hamilton, and Sina Shahab. "An Analysis of Self-Build and Custom Housebuilding in the South West of England." Urban Science 5, no. 1 (2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5010009.

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This paper seeks to evaluate how successful national policy interventions have been at addressing land barriers to self-build and custom housebuilding when applied by Local Planning Authorities (LPAs) across the South West of England. A longitudinal triangulated mixed method approach was undertaken to comprehensively interrogate the research objective. This comprised submitting a Freedom of Information (FOI) request to each LPA within the study area; an assessment of the most recently produced Strategic Housing Market Assessments (SHMAs); deriving alternative demand estimates using national data as a proxy; and alternate estimates of supply calculated using BuildStore and The Land Bank Partnership plot search websites. The findings of the study revealed that LPA Registers can only be viewed as a minimum assessment of demand for self-build and custom housebuilding and the effectiveness of LPAs in classifying suitable development permissions for self-build and custom housebuilding was highly dependent on the mechanisms used to identify permissions.

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Doebler, Stefanie, and Nina Glasgow. "Relationships Between Deprivation and the Self-Reported Health of Older People in Northern Ireland." Journal of Aging and Health 29, no. 4 (2016): 594–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264316641079.

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Objective: There are few studies on relationships between deprivation and the self-reported health of people aged above 64 years, and no studies fully representative of Northern Ireland’s older population. This article addresses this gap. Method: Deprivation of older people as reported in the 2001 and 2011 Censuses and the relationship with self-reported health are analyzed over a 10-year span using multilevel modeling. The data are from the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study (NILS) linked to 2001-2011 Census returns. Deprivation measures include housing tenure; property value; access to a car; and educational, employment, and area-level income deprivation. Results: Older people suffering deprivation face a significant health disadvantage over a 10-year time span. Discussion: This health disadvantage is stronger in men than in women, likely due to conservative gender roles that are prevalent among Northern Ireland’s older population, leading to psychological distress especially among deprived men. The analysis found strongly significant area-level effects, aggravating the health impact of deprivation.

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Giordani, Paolo, Serena Perna, Annamaria Bianchi, Antonio Pizzulli, Salvatore Tripodi, and Paolo Maria Matricardi. "A study of longitudinal mobile health data through fuzzy clustering methods for functional data: The case of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in childhood." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242197.

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The use of mobile communication devices in health care is spreading worldwide. A huge amount of health data collected by these devices (mobile health data) is nowadays available. Mobile health data may allow for real-time monitoring of patients and delivering ad-hoc treatment recommendations. This paper aims at showing how this may be done by exploiting the potentialities of fuzzy clustering techniques. In fact, such techniques can be fruitfully applied to mobile health data in order to identify clusters of patients for diagnostic classification and cluster-specific therapies. However, since mobile health data are full of noise, fuzzy clustering methods cannot be directly applied to mobile health data. Such data must be denoised prior to analyzing them. When longitudinal mobile health data are available, functional data analysis represents a powerful tool for filtering out the noise in the data. Fuzzy clustering methods for functional data can then be used to determine groups of patients. In this work we develop a fuzzy clustering method, based on the concept of medoid, for functional data and we apply it to longitudinal mHealth data on daily symptoms and consumptions of anti-symptomatic drugs collected by two sets of patients in Berlin (Germany) and Ascoli Piceno (Italy) suffering from allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The studies showed that clusters of patients with similar changes in symptoms were identified opening the possibility of precision medicine.

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Li, Jianghong, Till Kaiser, Matthias Pollmann-Schult, and Lyndall Strazdins. "Long work hours of mothers and fathers are linked to increased risk for overweight and obesity among preschool children: longitudinal evidence from Germany." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 8 (2019): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-211132.

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BackgroundMost existing studies on maternal employment and childhood overweight/obesity are from the USA. They are predominantly cross-sectional and show a consistent linear association between the two. Less is known about the joint impact of fathers’ and mothers’ work hours on childhood overweight and obesity.ObjectivesTo examine the impact of maternal and paternal work hours on overweight/obesity among children aged 1–6 years in Germany using longitudinal data.MethodsChild body weight and height and their parents’ work hours were collected for 2413 children at ages 0–1, ages 2–3 and ages 5–6. Overweight and obesity was defined using the body mass index percentiles based on the Cole LMS-Method. Random effects model was conducted, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and health characteristics of parents and children.ResultsCompared with non-employment, when mothers worked 35 or more hours per week, the risk for child overweight and obesity increased among preschool children. When fathers worked 55 or more hours per week, this effect was strengthened and maternal part-time hours (24–34 per week) also became a risk for child overweight and obesity. The effect was mainly found in high-income families.ConclusionsBoth mothers’ and fathers’ long work hours matter to young children’s overweight status. Employment protection and work time regulation for both working parents during the first 6 years of the child’s life should be considered in future policy.

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Teni, Fitsum Sebsibe, Ola Rolfson, Jenny Berg, Reiner Leidl, and Kristina Burström. "Concordance among Swedish, German, Danish, and UK EQ-5D-3L Value Sets: Analyses of Patient-Reported Outcomes in the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 18 (2021): 4205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184205.

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Background: Application of different value sets to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured with the EQ-5D-3L may lead to different results due to differences in methods, perspectives, and countries used. Focusing on concordance, this study aimed at understanding the implications of applying EQ-5D-3L value sets from Sweden, Germany, Denmark, and the UK to evaluate HRQoL of patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR) in Sweden before and after surgery. Methods: We performed a longitudinal study of patients in the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register from preoperative stage to 1-year follow-up (n = 73,523) using data collected from 2008 to 2016. Eight EQ-5D-3L value sets from the four countries were compared based on a valuation method (visual analogue scale (VAS) or time trade-off (TTO)), perspective (experience-based or hypothetical), and country. Concordance among the value sets with patient-reported EQ VAS score was also assessed. Longitudinal changes in EQ-5D-3L index over the 1-year follow-up were compared across value sets by method, perspective, and country. Results: Value sets based on the same method and perspective showed higher concordance in EQ-5D-3L index at both measurement time points than other comparisons. In the comparisons by perspective, VAS value sets showed higher concordance than TTO value sets. The Swedish VAS and the Danish TTO value sets showed the highest levels of concordance with patient-reported EQ VAS scores. Generally, value sets based on the same method and perspective had the smallest mean differences between changes in EQ-5D-3L indices from preoperative to 1-year postoperative follow-up. Conclusion: Among THR patients value sets based on the same method and perspective, a direct transfer of results across countries could be meaningful. In cases of differences in methods and perspectives among value sets, transfer of value sets across settings would have to consider conversion through crosswalk.

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Milovanović, Aleksandra, Anica Dragutinovic, Ana Nikezić, et al. "Rehabilitation of Mass Housing as a Contribution to Social Equality: Insights from the East-West European Academic Dialogue." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (2022): 8106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138106.

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Mass housing neighbourhoods (MHN) represent the leading pattern of urban transformation and expansion in the second half of the 20th century, and accordingly evaluation, regeneration and redesign of the MHN represent a necessary and challenging task in the contemporary research context. In the practical scope of MHN rehabilitation, various holistic approaches and design strategies are identified that affirm both ecological transition and social transformation of these urban settings. However, the level of application of such approaches across Europe varies greatly, and requires research initiatives of a comparative nature that open a cross-geographical debate at the European level. Although there is a series of evidence-based studies that define the conceptual framework of MHN, i.e., large-scale housing settlements, through historical-interpretative and chronological analyses, the academic debate on practical and feasible MHN rehabilitation and their sustainable integration into the urban development of cities at European level is underdeveloped. The specific objective of this paper is to establish preliminary insights into the current level of MHN rehabilitation and to identify challenges for further actions through (1) a comparative analysis of MHN role models from the second half of 20th century, and through (2) insights from an implemented expert questionnaire. The research engages a comparative case study analysis as the primary method and analyses MHN in Germany (as a representative of Western Europe) and in the two ex-Yugoslav countries, North Macedonia and Serbia (as representatives of Eastern Europe). This research has highlighted the main obstacles and challenges for MHN rehabilitation and demonstrated the importance of a multiscale approach to MHN analysis, having in mind that through the distribution of design values at the analysed spatial levels (neighbourhood level, building level, and apartment level) the application of affirmative indicators within different design values group is recognised.

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Rinaudo, Antonino, and Salvatore Pasta. "Development of a self-pumping extracorporeal blood oxygenation device characterized by a rotating shaft with embedded fiber packages." International Journal of Artificial Organs 43, no. 6 (2019): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391398819893380.

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Introduction: To offer respiratory support for patients with lung disease, a novel technological solution for blood pumping and oxygenation is being developed. The pump–lung system was designed to integrate fiber membranes into six packages radially embedded in a rotating hollow shaft placed along the longitudinal axis of the device. Fiber packages are inclined with respect to the rotation axis so that the rotational motion of the rotating shaft allows a self-pumping system to be obtained. Method: Both hemodynamic and gas transfer performances were investigated using both in vitro experiments and in silico flow analyses. Results: The predicted flow velocity in the pump chamber was smooth and characterized by high peripheral velocities near the housing wall. As the blood flow enters the inlet, the static pressure increased with the angular momentum imparted to the fiber packages. Experiments confirmed that the proposed pump–lung system can provide adequate blood flow and oxygen transfer over the range of intended operating conditions (0.5–5 L/min and 500–1500 r/min). Conclusion: Although the study did not include animal testing, the novel pump-oxygenator solution is feasible for respiratory support in patients with lung diseases.

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