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1
Araujo, Sebastián, Liliana Troncoso, and Mario Ruiz. "Relocalización por dobles diferencias del cluster sísmico de Pisayambo." La Granja 10, no. 2 (2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n10.2009.03.
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<p>En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la relocalización de sismos relacionados con el cluster sísmico de Pisayambo, provincia de Tungurahua en Ecuador. Se utiliza el programa hypoDD basado en el método de dobles diferencias. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen evidencia sobre eventos en Pisayambo que definen una región caótica de focos sísmicos superficiales. Este trabajo es una muestra importante del funcionamiento del program hypoDD para el caso de problemas sísmicos altamente no lineales y subdeterminados.</p>
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Diaz, Nandaru, Komang Ngurah Suarbawa, and Adityo Mursitantyo. "Earthquake Relocation in Northern Bali Island in 2015-2017 using Double Difference Method (DD)." BULETIN FISIKA 19, no. 2 (2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2018.v19.i02.p05.
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A research about earthquake relocation in Northern Bali Island in 2015 – 2017 using the Double Difference (DD) method has been carried out. Earthquake relocation is important to get some informations about earthquake locations with high accuracy, fault zone identification, earthquake distribution and seismic analysis. The results of the relocation indicated that there was a displacement of the location of earthquake that formed moving closer to the earthquake source namely a fault. Relocation using HypoDD program gave high accurate result indicated by the RMS residual time value close to zero e.g. 0,000 - 0.01 which mean the results of calculations and observations are closed to the real value.
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Zhou, Lianqing, Cuiping Zhao, Miao Zhang, et al. "Machine-learning-based earthquake locations reveal the seismogenesis of the 2020 Mw 5.0 Qiaojia, Yunnan earthquake." Geophysical Journal International 228, no. 3 (2021): 1637–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab420.
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SUMMARY A moment magnitude (Mw) 5.0 earthquake hit Qiaojia, Yunnan, China on 18 May 2020. Its hypocentre is only approximately 20 km away from the Baihetan reservoir, the second largest hydropower station in China. The Baihetan Reservoir is located at the junction of multiple fault zones on the eastern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, an area with high background seismic activity. The Baihetan Reservoir was planned to be impounded in April 2021 and the Mw 5.0 earthquake occurred during its water-retaining. Thus, it is critical to investigate the seismogenesis of the Qiaojia Mw 5.0 main shock and evaluate the risk of inducing earthquakes near the Baihetan Reservoir after impoundment. In this study, we built a complete and accurate earthquake catalogue to analyse seismicity in the reservoir area before and after the Mw 5.0 Qiaojia earthquake. We adopted a machine learning-based seismic phase picker, PhaseNet, to automatically detect seismic picks from continuous raw seismic data. Seismic phase picks were associated and located using sequential earthquake association and location methods, including REAL, VELEST and hypoDD. We eventually obtained high-precision locations of 1640 earthquakes by the hypoDD. The distribution of earthquake locations indicates that a concealed fault nearly vertical to the surface accommodated the Mw 5.0 Qiaojia main shock. The majority of its aftershocks is located within a narrow depth range of 8–13 km, indicating that the stresses in the hypocentral area were concentrated near the hypocentre of the Mw 5.0 earthquake. Along with focal mechanism solutions, we suggested that the Mw 5.0 Qiaojia earthquake is more likely a tectonic earthquake. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that earthquakes could be induced after the impoundment of Baihetan Reservoir, because the identified concealed fault is located in the middle of many large fault zones and only 20 km away from the Baihetan Reservoir.
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Wang, WeiLai, JianPing Wu, LiHua Fang, and ChangZai Wang. "Relocation of the Yushu M S7.1 earthquake and its aftershocks in 2010 from HypoDD." Science China Earth Sciences 56, no. 2 (2012): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-012-4450-z.
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Sinaga, Vania Illona Chrestella, Muhammad Alif Fauzan Aolindar, Muchammad Alifiyansyah Nur Pramudita, Pepen Supendi, Kartika Hajar Kirana, and Mia Uswatun Hasanah. "Relocation of Earthquake Hypocenter Using Double-Difference Method in Western Part of Sumatera." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2582, no. 1 (2023): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2582/1/012004.
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Abstract The western part of Sumatra has a fairly complex tectonic setting where there is a convergent meeting between the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate. These plates form a subduction zone and also the Sumatran Fault. The subduction zone and the Sumatran Fault cause many earthquakes in western Sumatra. This study will identify the location of the earthquake hypocenter, which is quite accurately obtained by relocating the hypocenter and making a cross-section in order to analyze the subduction zone and the Sumatran Fault. Hypocenter relocation can be done using the double difference (DD) method using the hypoDD program. This study used data on the arrival time of P and S waves from BMKG in the range of January 2016 to December 2020. The results of the relocation indicate that contains several earthquakes in groups with an average depth of fewer than 60 km that is close to the main source of the earthquake, namely the subduction zone and the Sumatran Fault, so it can be said that this area has a high level of seismicity.
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Purba, Joshua, Ramadhan Priadi, Muhammad Frando, and Imanuela Pertiwi. "The Purpri Fault: A newly identified active fault in East Kolaka, Indonesia, based on HypoDD and DInSAR." Geoloski anali Balkanskoga poluostrva, no. 00 (2025): 5. https://doi.org/10.2298/gabp250417005p.
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The Purpri Fault, a newly identified active fault in East Kolaka, Indonesia, has been analyzed using an integrated geophysical approach, combining HypoDD earthquake relocation and DInSAR ground deformation analysis. The relocation of 233 seismic events from January 24 to February 7, 2025, revealed a fault structure distinct from the Middle Kolaka and North Kolaka Faults, characterized by an oblique-normal faulting mechanism with a left-lateral component. The focal mechanism solution confirms significant vertical displacement, indicating a fault that accommodates both extensional and shear deformation. DInSAR analysis using Sentinel?1A SAR imagery detected subsidence and uplift patterns that align with the relocated seismicity, confirming ongoing crustal deformation along the Purpri Fault. The western block of the fault exhibits a subsidence of approximately -13 cm, while the eastern block shows uplift of +11 cm, consistent with the seismic activity. The integration of seismic relocation and deformation mapping interpretation confirms that the Purpri Fault is an independent and active fault system. The shallow depth of seismicity (<10 km) and evidence of ongoing deformation indicate a potential seismic hazard that is not currently accounted for in regional seismic hazard models. Given its capacity to generate moderate to strong earthquakes, incorporating the Purpri Fault into updated seismic risk assessments is essential for improving earthquake preparedness and hazard mitigation strategies in East Kolaka.
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S, Novita Sari, Mohammad Syamsu Rosid, and Titi Anggono. "Relokasi Hiposenter Double Difference dan Penentuan Model Kecepatan di Jawa Bagian Barat." POSITRON 15, no. 1 (2025): 92–102. https://doi.org/10.26418/positron.v15i1.91097.
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Jawa bagian barat merupakan daerah dengan seismisitas tinggi yang dipengaruhi zona subduksi dua lempeng tektonik. Seismisitas tinggi ini dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan sesar aktif yang beberapa diantaranya belum terpetakan oleh PuSGen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan keberadaan sesar lokal menggunakan lokasi hiposenter yang lebih akurat. Data waktu tiba gelombang P dan S diperoleh dari hasil rekaman 38 stasiun seismik Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) periode Januari 2010 – Januari 2024. Terhadap 1978 events gempa bumi kerak dangkal (kedalaman ≤50 km) telah dilakukan relokasi hiposenter double difference (HypoDD) dan model kecepatan seismik yang telah diperbarui (VELEST). Model kecepatan yang didapat menunjukkan nilai RMS pada iterasi kelima dengan nilai sebesar 0,52 yang menunjukkan akurasi yang lebih baik dalam mencerminkan kondisi lokal. Relokasi double difference telah berhasil merelokasi dengan baik 1805 gempa bumi yang terjadi di Jawa bagian barat. Hiposenter gempa lebih merepresentasikan pola patahan dengan kedalaman 5-20 km yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas sesar aktif lokal yang belum terpetakan dan sesar regional seperti Sesar Cimandiri, Sesar Lembang, Sesar Baribis, dan Sesar Garsela. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperbarui katalog gempa bumi di Jawa bagian barat dan menjadi dasar untuk studi tomografi lebih lanjut dalam upaya mitigasi bencana seismik.
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Ma, Shutian, Dariush Motazedian, and Maurice Lamontagne. "Further studies on the 1988 MW 5.9 Saguenay, Quebec, earthquake sequence." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 10 (2018): 1115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0231.
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Many small earthquakes occur annually in Eastern Canada, but moderate to strong earthquakes are infrequent. The 25 November 1988 MW 5.9 Saguenay mainshock remains the largest earthquake in the last 80 years in eastern North America. In this article, some aspects of that earthquake sequence were re-analyzed using several modern methods. The regional depth-phase modeling procedure was used to refine the focal depths for the foreshock, the aftershocks, and other MN ≥ 2.5 regional earthquakes. The hypocenters of 10 earthquakes were relocated using hypoDD. The spatial distribution of eight relocated hypocenters defines the rupture plane of the mainshock. The moment tensor for the mainshock was retrieved using three-component long-period surface wave records at station HRV (Harvard seismograph station) with additional constraints from P-wave polarities. One nodal plane is conclusively identified to be close to the rupture plane, and its strike is similar to the trend of the south wall of the Saguenay Graben. Based on the consistency between the strike of the nodal plane and the trend of the Graben, as well as the deep focal depth distribution, we suggest that the Saguenay earthquake sequence is related to the reactivation of one of the faults of the Saguenay Graben.
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Li, Jun, Ming Hao, and Zijian Cui. "A High-Resolution Aftershock Catalog for the 2014 Ms 6.5 Ludian (China) Earthquake Using Deep Learning Methods." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (2024): 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14051997.
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A high-resolution catalog for the 2014 Ms 6.5 Ludian aftershocks was constructed based on the deep learning phase-picking model (CERP) and seismic-phase association technology (PALM). A specific training strategy, which combines the advantages of the conventional short–long window average energy ratio algorithm (STA/LTA) and AI algorithms, is employed to retrain the CERP model. The P- and S-wave phases were accurately detected and picked on continuous seismic waveforms by the retained AI model. Hypoinverse and HypoDD were utilized for the precise location of 3286 events. Compared to the previous results, our new catalog exhibits superior performances in terms of location accuracy and the number of aftershock events, thereby enabling a more detailed depiction of the deep-seated tectonic features. According to the distribution of aftershocks, it can be inferred that (1) the seismogenic fault of the Ludian earthquake is the NW-trending Baogunao–Xiaohe Fault, (2) the Ludian aftershocks interconnected with the discontinuous NW-trending Baogunao–Xiaohe Fault, and they also intersected with the Zhaotong–Ludian Fault. (3) This suggests that the NE-trending Zhaotong–Ludian Fault may have been intersected by the NW-trending Baogunao–Xiaohe Fault, indicating that the Baogunao–Xiaohe Fault is likely a relatively young Neogene fault.
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Novita, Sari Priyanto Putri, Yuliyanto Gatot, and Harmoko Udi. "Swarm Earthquake Hypocenter Relocation in Ambarawa 22 October – 24 November 2021 using Double Difference Method." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (CJMS) 3, no. 5 (2023): 64–69. https://doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2023.v03i05.006.
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<strong><em>The swarm earthquake that occurred in Ambarawa from October 22 to November 24, 2021, was an earthquake with a relatively small magnitude and occurred repeatedly over a certain time span, which is commonly called an earthquake swarm. Disaster mitigation efforts needs to be carried out considering that the area most of the tourist destinations. To assist disaster mitigation efforts, it is necessary to relocate the hypocenter. The relocation of the hypocenter itself aims to obtain an earthquake hypocenter position that has a higher level of accuracy by taking into account the RMS </em></strong><strong><em>(Root Mean Square) value. The data used in this study is data from the earthquake swarm that occurred in Ambarawa obtained from the Geophysics Station Class I Sleman, Yogyakarta. The method used to relocate in this study is the Double Difference Method using hypoDD software. The purpose of research is to obtain the hypocenter point of the earthquake which is the trigger for the earthquake as a form of disaster mitigation effort. The results is study are changes in the position of the earthquake hypocenter that form clusters in the area around the border of the Ambarawa subdistrict and Banyubiru subdistrict after the relocation. On average, a swarm earthquake occurs at a depth of 0 – 15 km below the surface with an average magnitude ≤ 3 SR and triggered by fault activity around Ambarawa.</em></strong>
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Irma Putri, Devi, I. Ketut Sukarasa, Rudy Darsono, Winardi Tjahyo Baskoro, Ni Nyoman Wendri, and I. Made Satriya Wibawa. "Relocation of Earthquakes Hypocenter Using the Double Difference Method in Bali and Its Surrounding Areas." BULETIN FISIKA 25, no. 2 (2024): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2024.v25.i02.p04.
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A study on the relocation of earthquake hypocenters using the Double Difference method has been conducted in Bali and its surrounding areas. This research was carried out at the Center for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Region III Denpasar. The purpose of this study is to find out the distribution of earthquake hypocenters before and after the relocation and to know the continuity of earthquake hypocenters in the Bali region. The data used are arrival time data of 1,815 earthquake events from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2023, and data from 26 earthquake recording stations. The relocation method applied is the Double Difference method, which is processed with ph2dt and HypoDD. The relocation that has been carried out shows a good hypocenter position which is characterized by a residual value of travel time that is close to 0. The distribution of the earthquake hypocenter in the Bali area before the relocation spread throughout the region and after the relocation, the position of the hypocenter was getting closer to the source of the earthquake, namely in the subduction zone under the Bali area as shown in the cross-section results. In addition, based on the results of the analysis of the hypocenter of the earthquake after relocation, it was found that the trend of the hypocenter continued toward the subduction subduction zone.
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Putri, Novita Sari Priyanto, Gatot Yuliyanto, and Udi Harmoko. "Swarm Earthquake Hypocenter Relocation in Ambarawa 22 October – 24 November 2021 using Double Difference Method." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 3, no. 5 (2023): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2023.v03i05.006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The swarm earthquake that occurred in Ambarawa from October 22 to November 24, 2021, was an earthquake with a relatively small magnitude and occurred repeatedly over a certain time span, which is commonly called an earthquake swarm. Disaster mitigation efforts needs to be carried out considering that the area most of the tourist destinations. To assist disaster mitigation efforts, it is necessary to relocate the hypocenter. The relocation of the hypocenter itself aims to obtain an earthquake hypocenter position that has a higher level of accuracy by taking into account the RMS (Root Mean Square) value. The data used in this study is data from the earthquake swarm that occurred in Ambarawa obtained from the Geophysics Station Class I Sleman, Yogyakarta. The method used to relocate in this study is the Double Difference Method using hypoDD software. The purpose of research is to obtain the hypocenter point of the earthquake which is the trigger for the earthquake as a form of disaster mitigation effort. The results is study are changes in the position of the earthquake hypocenter that form clusters in the area around the border of the Ambarawa subdistrict and Banyubiru subdistrict after the relocation. On average, a swarm earthquake occurs at a depth of 0 – 15 km below the surface with an average magnitude ≤ 3 SR and triggered by fault activity around Ambarawa.
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Syafriani, Furqon Dawam Raharjo, Suaidi Ahadi, and Mohamad Ramdhan. "Study of Seismicity Based on the Results of Hypocenter Relocation Using Double Difference (HypoDD) Method in West Sumatera and Its Surrounding." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, no. 7 (2023): 5150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i7.3792.
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The presence of the Indo-Australian plate, the Eurasian plate and the active Sumatra fault zone makes the West Sumatra region and its surroundings have very high seismic activity. To describe the seismicity pattern, it is necessary to analyze the earthquake hypocenter relocation, one of which is using the double difference (hypoDD) method. This method basically uses the data residual travel time from each hypocenter pair to the earthquake seismic station. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relocation of the hypocenter and describe the seismicity pattern in the West Sumatra and surrounding areas. The data used in this study are the time arrivals of P and S waves during the period of 2022 obtained from the earthquake catalog at the Padang Panjang Geophysical Station. The results showed that the earthquake hypocenter was relocated 888 out of 934 earthquake events and the distribution of hypocenter relocation produces a good seismicity pattern. From the results of the earthquake hypocenter relocation, the seismicity pattern in the West Sumatra region and its surroundings is generally influenced by subduction zones and some due to active fault zones. Seismicity in the subduction zone and active faults of Sumatra has a depth of about 50 - 250 km and 5 - 20 km. This indicates that during the period of 2022, subduction zones with medium to deep depths are very active as well as in Sumatra's active fault zones, especially in the Sianok segment.
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Rendina, Domenico, Renato Ippolito, Lanfranco D’Elia, et al. "Hypovitaminosis D and Organ Damage In Patients With Arterial Hypertension: A Multicenter Double Blind Randomised Controlled Trial of Cholecalciferol Supplementation (HYPODD)." High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention 22, no. 2 (2015): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40292-015-0080-9.
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Karamanos, Ch K., V. G. Karakostas, L. Seeber, E. E. Papadimitriou, and A. A. Kilias. "RECENT SEISMIC ACTIVITY IN CENTRAL GREECE REVEALING LOCAL SEISMOTECTONIC PROPERTIES." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 4 (2017): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11397.
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The December 2008, M=5.2 earthquake occurred in the Voiotikos–Kifissos basin near the town of Amfikleia in Central Greece and was followed by an intense sequence with hundreds of earthquakes. Mainshock source characteristics derived from the recordings of the Greek National Seismological Network are consistent with previous known earthquakes as well as with the current nearly N–S extensional regime. The adequate azimuthal coverage and the calculated time residuals at each seismological station ensure high location accuracy, whereas the stations operated close to the seismic excitations constrained 80% of the focal depths between 8 and 12km. Distances from the mainshock epicenter to the 10 closest seismological stations vary from 15 to 75 km. Hypoinverse and HypoDD were used for locations, and FPFIT was used for fault plane solutions of events with an adequate number of clear first arrivals. The hypocenters and focal mechanisms illuminate a ≈10km–long fault zone striking nearly E–W with oblique normal faulting and a small left lateral component. The Voiotikos–Kifissos basin is bordered in the south by two left–stepping en echelon segments known as the Pavliani fault zone and the Parnassos detachment, which strike NW and dip NE. In our preferred interpretation, the Amfikleia mainshock ruptured a previously recognized south–dipping fault antithetic to the basin border faults. This fault may be associated with the left step on the border fault, which would be releasing if that fault had a sinistral component.
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Meidji, Icha Untari, Jajat Jatnika, Lukman Samatowa, et al. "Analyzing Seismicity Pattern of the Gorontalo Region and Its Surroundings in the Form of Hypocenter Relocation Using Double Difference Method." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, no. 10 (2023): 8581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i10.5400.
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The level of seismic activity due to earthquake events in Gorontalo is strongly influenced by the tectonic system model of the Gorontalo region and the presence of a subduction zone in the Sulawesi Sea. These characteristics make the Gorontalo region have high seismic activity. To describe the pattern of seismicity in the Gorontalo region, it is necessary to conduct an analysis in the form of earthquake hypocenter relocation using the double difference (hypoDD) method. This method uses residual travel time data from each pair of hypocenters to the recording station. This study aims to analyze the results of hypocenter relocation and describe the subsurface model related to the seismicity pattern of Gorontalo and its surroundings. The data used are P and S waves for 7 years recorded at the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) station. The earthquake hypocenters relocated in this study were 3,940 out of 4,598 earthquake events. The results of hypocenter relocation show a fairly good seismicity pattern obtained from good RMS values and distribution patterns following Gorontalo tectonic patterns. In general, the seismicity pattern of Gorontalo and its surroundings is strongly influenced by activity in the Sulawesi Sea subduction zone and the Gorontalo fault in the region. The seismicity caused by the subduction zone has a depth of 50 - 200 km, and due to the active faults in the Gorontalo region has a depth of 2 - 25 km.
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Zhang, Miao, William L. Ellsworth, and Gregory C. Beroza. "Rapid Earthquake Association and Location." Seismological Research Letters 90, no. 6 (2019): 2276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190052.
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ABSTRACT Rapid association of seismic phases and event location are crucial for real‐time seismic monitoring. We propose a new method, named rapid earthquake association and location (REAL), for associating seismic phases and locating seismic events rapidly, simultaneously, and automatically. REAL combines the advantages of both pick‐based and waveform‐based detection and location methods. It associates arrivals of different seismic phases and locates seismic events primarily through counting the number of P and S picks and secondarily from travel‐time residuals. A group of picks are associated with a particular earthquake if there are enough picks within the theoretical travel‐time windows. The location is determined to be at the grid point with the most picks, and if multiple locations have the same maximum number of picks, the grid point among them with smallest travel‐time residuals. We refine seismic locations using a least‐squares location method (VELEST) and a high‐precision relative location method (hypoDD). REAL can be used for rapid seismic characterization due to its computational efficiency. As an example application, we apply REAL to earthquakes in the 2016 central Apennines, Italy, earthquake sequence occurring during a five‐day period in October 2016, midway in time between the two largest earthquakes. We associate and locate more than three times as many events (3341) as are in Italy's National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology routine catalog (862). The spatial distribution of these relocated earthquakes shows a similar but more concentrated pattern relative to the cataloged events. Our study demonstrates that it is possible to characterize seismicity automatically and quickly using REAL and seismic picks.
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Cirillo, Daniele, Cristina Totaro, Giusy Lavecchia, et al. "Structural complexities and tectonic barriers controlling recent seismic activity in the Pollino area (Calabria–Lucania, southern Italy) – constraints from stress inversion and 3D fault model building." Solid Earth 13, no. 1 (2022): 205–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-13-205-2022.
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Abstract. We reconstruct the 3D fault model of the structures causative of the 2010–2014 Pollino seismic activity by integrating structural–geological and high-resolution seismological data. We constrained the model at the surface with fault-slip data, and at depth, by using the distributions of selected high-quality relocated hypocenters. Relocations were performed through the non-linear Bayloc algorithm, followed by the double-difference relative location method HypoDD applied to a 3D P-wave velocity model. Geological and seismological data highlight an asymmetric active extensional fault system characterized by an E- to NNE-dipping low-angle detachment, with high-angle synthetic splays, and SW- to WSW-dipping, high-angle antithetic faults. Hypocenter clustering and the time–space evolution of the seismicity suggest that two sub-parallel WSW-dipping seismogenic sources, the Rotonda–Campotenese and Morano–Piano di Ruggio faults, are responsible for the 2010–2014 seismicity. The area of the seismogenic patches obtained projecting the hypocenters of the early aftershocks on the 3D fault planes, are consistent with the observed magnitude of the strongest events (Mw=5.2, and Mw=4.3). Since earthquake-scaling relationships provide maximum expected magnitudes of Mw=6.4 for the Rotonda–Campotenese and Mw=6.2 for the Morano–Piano di Ruggio faults, we may suppose that, during the sequence, the two structures did not entirely release their seismic potential. The reconstructed 3D fault model also points out the relationships between the activated fault system and the western segment of the Pollino Fault. The latter was not involved in the recent seismic activity but could have acted as a barrier to the southern propagation of the seismogenic faults, limiting their dimensions and the magnitude of the generated earthquakes.
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Gunnels, Michael, Gurban Yetrimishli, Sabina Kazimova, and Eric Sandvol. "Seismotectonic evidence for subduction beneath the Eastern Greater Caucasus." Geophysical Journal International 224, no. 3 (2020): 1825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa522.
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SUMMARY We generated high-resolution 3-D seismic velocity models as well as a relocated earthquake catalogue across the eastern Greater Caucasus and Kura basins. This work was done using data from the recently upgraded Republic Seismological Survey Center's (RSSC) seismic network. We generated our tomographic images of crustal velocity structure in Azerbaijan using double-difference inversions (i.e. tomoDD and hypoDD). Earthquake catalogues from the RSSC between 2011 and 2016 were used; these catalogues include absolute arrival times of 103 288 P- and 120 952 S-wave traveltime picks for 7574 events recorded at 35 stations in Azerbaijan. Beginning with a layered, 1-D velocity model that was estimated using VELEST, we inverted simultaneously for relative location, Vp and Vs on a 3-D grid with dimensions 670 × 445 × 45 km, with a uniform grid spacing of 55 × 55 × 5 km for all of Azerbaijan. We observe that the relocated hypocentres cluster into two depth ranges, at the surface and at depth, that appear to correspond to major fault zones and the top of a subducting plate. Additionally, we note intermediate depth seismicity (∼50–60 km) beneath the Kura Basin, and a northward deepening of earthquake depths. Seismic velocities vary significantly throughout the study region; we observe very slow velocities throughout the Kura Basin between 5 and 15 km, and elevated velocities at 20–35 km. The wholesale velocity structure and seismic structure of Kura Basin strongly mirrors that of the Caspian Sea, which suggests that the geodynamics of the Caspian continue westwards into Azerbaijan. The key results of this study suggest that the northward subduction observed in the Caspian Sea continues beneath the Eastern Greater Caucasus, as well as provides evidence for active faulting along the southern margin of the mountain range.
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Daniarsyad, Gatut, Priyobudi Priyobudi, Aprilia Puspita Cahyaningrum, et al. "Analysis on the Causative Fault of the 2021 Mw 6.0 Tehoru Earthquake in the South Coast of Seram Island: A Preliminary Result." E3S Web of Conferences 447 (2023): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344701020.
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Seram Island is the northern part of the Banda subduction which is characterized by the existence of a thrust fault structure in the Seram Trough as the main contributor to seismicity in this region. Complex tectonic activity also forms a deformation zone of the Kawa Fault with a sinistral strike slip mechanism and high-angle normal faults in the mainland. On June 16, 2021 a Mw 6.0 earthquake occurred on the south coast of Seram, in Tehoru to be precise, which followed by a small tsunami wave which is thought to have been generated by an underwater landslide. This earthquake has a normal fault mechanism which is quite rare on Seram Island, however, the actual fault plane that caused the earthquake is still unknown. In this study, we investigate potential faults that may have caused the 2021 Tehoru earthquake by performing a seismicity analysis using well relocated hypocenter of the mainshock and the aftershocks sequence. We use the double-difference relocation method with the SVD algorithm performed in the hypoDD program. The results show the distribution of aftershocks that form a northeast-southwest trending lineation. The depth of the hypocenter has also improved from being dominated by fixed depth to being varied with dominance at depths of 8-14 km. An important feature of the relocation results is that the aftershocks distributed downward along a ~35° northwest-dipping plane which indicates a southwest-northeast fault orientation. This result confirmed by using geodetic observations that shows a horizontal displacement of 14 mm toward northwest direction and a land subsidence of 14 mm. This southwest-northeast oriented fault structure is thought to be associated with high-angle normal fault resulting from a north-south extension activity in the central part of Seram Island. The results of this study indicate the existence of other local fault structure in the Seram Island which can be used as a basis for seismic hazard assessment, other than seismic activities from Seram Trough and Kawa Fault.
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Yang, Hong Bin, Xiao Hong Wang, and Zong De Fang. "Comparison Experiment for Two Kinds of Hypoid Gear Drives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 20-23 (January 2010): 1385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.20-23.1385.
Texte intégralRésumé :
To develop a good quality of hypoid gear drive, the authors test the vibration and noise of two kinds of hypoid gear drives under different working conditions. The test object is a pair of hypoid gear drive used in the back axle of one minivan and a designed hypoid gear drive with high teeth based on the former. The results indicate that the hypoid gear drive with high teeth has lower vibration and noise.
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Wang, Pei Yu, and Zhang Hua Fong. "Mathematical Transformation of Machine Settings from Cradle-Type to Cartesian-Type Hypoid Generator." Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (October 2009): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.365.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A mathematical model for translating machine settings from universal Cradle-Type hypoid generator to Cartesian-Type hypoid generator is proposed in this paper. A mathematical model of universal Cradle-Type hypoid generator was proposed by Fong [12] to simulate conventional hypoid generators including face milling and face hobbing machines. A few years ago, the Gleason Works presented the Phoenix hypoid generator, which is a Cartesian-Type machine, and the machine is gaining good commercial success. Therefore, we proposed a mathematical transformation model to translate the machine settings from conventional Cradle-Type hypoid generator to the new Cartesian-Type CNC machine. The proposed mathematical equations can be used to implement the existing cutting method on the six-axis CNC machine
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Kim, Tong Min, Hyunah Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, et al. "Characteristics of Hypoglycemic Diabetic Patients Visiting the Emergency Room." Cardiovascular Therapeutics 2020 (July 26, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3612607.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introduction. Severe hypoglycemia can be life-threatening; therefore, it is important to identify the characteristics of the hypoglycemic patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the type and characteristics of diabetic patients with hypoglycemia who visited an emergency room. Methods. We included diabetic patients with hypoglycemia who visited the emergency room of St. Mary’s Hospital in Seoul from January 2009 to August 2018 in the study. Hypo_S group patients visited the emergency room once whereas Hypo_M group patients visited twice or more. We also compared the incidence of cardiovascular disease between the groups within 5 years after hypoglycemia. Results. A total of 843 patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 71±14 years and average glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 6.7±1.4%. For patients with hypoglycemia, lower body mass index, lower HbA1c, shorter diabetes duration, and lower glomerular filtration rate have a statistically significant relationship with patient characteristics in the emergency room group (all p<0.001). Hypoglycemia symptoms were most frequently observed between 6:00 and 12:00 am (p<0.001). Cardiovascular diseases within 5 years after discharge were more frequent in the Hypo_S group than in the Hypo_M group; however, there was no statistical significance. The frequency of aneurysms was significantly higher in patients with hypoglycemia than in other patients in the emergency room (p<0.05). Conclusion. Relatively thin older patients with a diabetes duration shorter than 10 years and good blood sugar control showed higher frequency of visits to the emergency room due to hypoglycemia. For these patients, medical staff should always be mindful of their susceptibility to hypoglycemia when prescribing insulin or OHA and educate them on the prevention of hypoglycemia.
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Samira Khanahmedova, Ayshad Mammadov, Samira Khanahmedova, Ayshad Mammadov. "APPLICATION OF HYPOID TRANSMISSION IN HYBRID ELECTRIC MACHINES." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 49, no. 02 (2025): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei49022025-71.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article discusses the use of a hypoid gear, which is used in mechanisms where the axes of rotation of the gear and wheel do not intersect, but are displaced. These gears are different from ordinary gears with straight or tapered teeth, where the axes of rotation intersect. Hypoid gears are widely used in car transmissions, especially on the rear and front axles. In these gears, the hypoid wheel interacts with the hypoid gear, creating a specific tooth trajectory and allowing torque to be transferred between the misaligned axes. The main characteristics of hypoid gear are given, such as the displacement of the axes of the wheel and gears, which do not intersect, and which are offset relative to each other, high load capacity hypoid gears, which have the ability to withstand heavy loads, which makes them ideal for use in automobiles, smooth operation, due to the special shape of the teeth and their interaction, working quite quietly and with low vibration level. Hypoid gears have complex tooth geometries that require precise machining, but they provide more compact and efficient power transmission solutions in case of misalignment of the axles. The mechanical strength of hypoid gears is a key characteristic that determines their ability to withstand heavy loads during long-term operation without being subjected to excessive wear or destruction. The strength of hypoid gears depends on several factors, including materials, tooth shape, working conditions, and manufacturing accuracy. Hypoid gears play an important role in automotive transmissions due to their high efficiency, compactness, durability and ability to withstand heavy loads. These advantages make them indispensable for vehicles that require reliable and efficient torque transmission systems, trucks, and passenger cars with all-wheel drive. Keywords: hybrid machine, hypoid transmission, high efficiency, load capacity, mechanical strength, displacement, gear wheel, transmission, torque, geometric shape.
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Yu, Li Juan, Zhao Jun Yang, and Xu Peng Li. "Theoretical Analysis on Manufacturing Hypoid Left-Hand Gears by Generating-Line Method." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 3032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.3032.
Texte intégralRésumé :
According to the hypoid gear tooth surface forming principle, a generating-line will be formed in round-plane while a cone and its tangent circle plane do pure rolling, and the hypoid gear is cutting according to the motion equation as hypoid gears generating-line. to tools shape. The milling processing equation of the hypoid left-hand gear tooth surface on the right side gear tooth surface and on the left side gear tooth surface.There are a detailed description of the adjusting-tool , cutting out from ends, dividing, cycle cutting the whole process. The above method can realizes hypoid gearwheel right tooth surface processing.
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Li, Huibin, Huichao Gao, Yue Zhang, and Dequan Jin. "Nonlinear vibration of hypoid gear with backlash." Journal of Vibroengineering 18, no. 2 (2016): 1243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/jve.2015.16281.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Due to the machining errors, alignment error, wear, tear and time varying stiffness of hypoid teeth, the vibration of hypoid gears is inevitably produced in the course of working, and its vibration and noise is the main sources of vibration and noise in the automobile transmission. Study on nonlinear vibration and noise of the hypoid gear pair, and investigating on reducing its vibration and noise are of great significance. Firstly, a simplified nonlinear vibration model of the hypoid gears of main reducer, with considering the time-varying teeth stiffness and teeth surface friction damping, was established. Then, a numerical simulation method was employed to simulate different gear backlash effects on the hypoid gear vibration behaviors caused by the gear worn, and effects on the gear non-linear vibration from different work speeds of gear and different loading torques were investigated. In order to help to explain the non-linear vibration phenomenon of the hypoid gears, the 2-D phase plane diagram and the 3-D trajectory were employed. Lastly, the bench test was carried out to verify the simulation results on vibration of hypoid gears with backlash.
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Heinemann, Lutz, Dorothee Deiss, Norbert Hermanns, et al. "HypoDE." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 9, no. 3 (2015): 651–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296815575999.
Texte intégral
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Yang, Man, Hui Bin Li, and Bao Yun Xu. "Hypoid Gear Three-Dimensional Modeling with Pro/E." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.236.
Texte intégralRésumé :
For hypoid gear which processed by HFT (hypoid gear formate tilt) method, geometry parameters and machining parameters of hypoid gear were calculated by using Gleason card. According to the actual machining process and meshing principle, tooth surface equation was derived by coordinate transformation. Then the discrete coordinates points of tooth surface were obtained by using MATLAB tools and projection transformation principle, and data were saved in ibl format. At last the 3-demensional model of hypoid gear were established by importing the ibl format data in Pro/e.
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Huang, Dequan, Yan Li, Xingyuan Zheng, and Gang Li. "Study on Dynamic Behaviors of Hypoid Gears Under Variable Tidal Current Energy Harvesting Conditions." Machines 13, no. 3 (2025): 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13030178.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study investigates dynamic behaviors of hypoid gear rotor systems under variable tidal current energy harvesting conditions through numerical simulations and experimental validation. The study examines dynamic responses of a hypoid gear rotor system induced by cyclical tidal current variations, which generate fluctuating loads and bidirectional rotational speeds in tidal energy conversion systems. Two hypoid gear pairs, modified through precise manufacturing parameters, are evaluated to optimize tooth contact patterns for bidirectional tidal loading conditions. A coupled torsional vibration model is developed, incorporating variable transmission error and mesh stiffness. Experimental validation of dynamic performances of hypoid gear pairs was conducted on a bevel gear testing rig, which can measure both torsional and translational vibrations across diverse tidal speed profiles. The experimental results demonstrate that second-order primary resonances exhibit heightened vibration intensity during flow-reversal phases. This phenomenon has significant implications for system power efficiency and acoustic emissions. The findings extend the current understanding of hypoid gear optimization for tidal energy-harvesting applications.
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Fan, Qi. "Advanced Developments in Computerized Design and Manufacturing of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gear Drives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.439.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Design and manufacturing of spiral bevel and hypoid gears is highly complicated and has to be based on the employment of computerized tools. This paper comprehensively describes the latest developments in computerized modeling of tooth surface generation, flank form error correction, ease-off calculation, and tooth contact analysis for spiral bevel and hypoid gears. Accordingly, advanced software programs for computerized design and manufacturing of hypoid gears are developed.
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Nie, Li Xin, and Li Mei Zhang. "Digitalization and Meshing Performance Analysis on Tooth Surfaces of Hypoid Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.224.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Digitized hypoid gear’s surface model, which is constructed by NURBS method, can set free the constraints of conventional processing technique in the process of designing and manufacturing hypoid gear. The digitalization of tooth surfaces of hypoid gears consists of three parts: building large gear’s NURBS model, calculating small tooth surface’s character parameters based on actual requirements and small tooth surface’s digitalization. The digitalization of tooth surfaces can be realized by machining simulation, and the key points are how to establish equations of cutter head and grids of gear solid, and how to judge correct trace points in the process of machining simulation. With the aid of digitized model of hypoid gear, tooth contact analysis can be accomplished by regular motion of two NURBS tooth surfaces.
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Fong, Zhang-Hua. "Mathematical Model of Universal Hypoid Generator With Supplemental Kinematic Flank Correction Motions." Journal of Mechanical Design 122, no. 1 (2000): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.533552.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A mathematical model of universal hypoid generator is proposed to simulate virtually all primary spiral bevel and hypoid cutting methods. The proposed mathematical model simulates the face-milling, face-hobbing, plunge cutting, and bevel-worm-shaped hobbing processes with either generating or nongenerating cutting for the spiral bevel and hypoid gears. The supplemental kinematic flank correction motions, such as modified generating roll ratio, helical motion, and cutter tilt are included in the proposed mathematical model. The proposed mathematical model has more flexibility in writing computer program and appropriate for developing the object oriented computer programming. The developed computer object can be repeatedly used by various hypoid gear researchers to reduce the effort of computer coding. [S1050-0472(00)01201-0]
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Zhu, Xiu Rong. "Study on the NC Machining Theory and Simulation of Hypoid Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.34.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Based on NC machining principle of hypoid gears and NC machining with high efficiency quality, This paper discusses the feasibility of the hypoid gear processing, establishes the mathematical model of face gear wheel hypoid milling machining adjustment, that will be take the basic data into vertical machining center machine tool, tool, fixture, the installation and adjustment of parameters, and we write a program of the CNC machining and corresponding code, combined with the specific wheel blank parameters to milling simulation test and milling tests, we obtain a new process methods.
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Wang, Li Mei. "Study on the Processing and Simulation of End-Gear Based on CNC Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 608-609 (October 2014): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.608-609.77.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Based on NC machining principle of hypoid gears and NC machining with high efficiency quality, This paper discusses the feasibility of the hypoid gear processing, establishes the mathematical model of face gear wheel hypoid milling machining adjustment, that will be take the basic data into vertical machining center machine tool. Through analyze the principle of the oscillating tooth face gear transmission, and compared the structure differences between face gear and bevel gear, and the realization processing method of face gear is discussed by improving the bevel gear shaper.
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Yan, Hua Ru, and Miao Xin Xiao. "Study of V/H/J of Pointing-Lapping for Hypoid Gears." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.217.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Pointing-lapping is a lapping way for modifying tooth surface defects of hypoid gears. For numerical control, V/H/J calculation principle of pointing-lapping of hypoid gears is introduced. According to mesh relations and coordinate relations, 8 nonlinear equations are formed on the basis of mesh theory of hypoid gears. V/H/J can be got by solving the nonlinear equations, which can be finished easily by computation program. The accuracy of the calculation principle has been proved by tooth surface contact pattern test in Y9550 roll checking machine.
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Xu, H., and A. Kahraman. "Prediction of friction-related power losses of hypoid gear pairs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 221, no. 3 (2007): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/14644193jmbd48.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A model to predict friction-related mechanical efficiency losses of hypoid gear pairs is proposed in this study. The model includes a gear contact model, a friction prediction model, and a mechanical efficiency formulation. The friction model uses a friction coefficient formula obtained by applying multiple linear regression analysis to a large number of elastohydrodynamic lubrication analyses covering typical ranges of key parameters associated with surface roughness, geometry, load, kinematics, and the lubricant. Formulations regarding the kinematic and geometric properties of the hypoid gear contact are presented. The load and friction coefficient distribution predictions are used to compute instantaneous torque/power losses and the mechanical efficiency of a hypoid gear pair at any given position. Results of a parametric study are presented at the end to highlight the influence of key operating conditions, surface finish, and lubricant properties on mechanical efficiency losses of hypoid gears.
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Gonzalez-Perez, Ignacio, and Alfonso Fuentes-Aznar. "An exact system of generation for face-hobbed hypoid gears: Application to high reduction hypoid gear drives." Mechanism and Machine Theory 179, no. 105115 (2023): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2022.105115.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The determination of the pitch cones for hypoid gears is already well defined either through numerical methods as those shown in the Standard ANSI/AGMA ISO 23509-B17 or through algorithms available in the specialized literature. However, a procedure to determine the gear tooth surfaces for hypoid gears directly from their pitch cones is still missing. An analytical approach to determine the basic machine-tool settings for the pinion and the wheel of hypoid gear drives is proposed here. It is based on the condition of exact generation, which means that the gears will operate under conjugate condition. It can be applied for generation of facehobbed hypoid gears, produced either by the CycloCut or the CycloPalloid generation methods. A numerical example proves the goodness of the proposed methodology in a high reduction hypoid gear drive. The results of tooth contact and stress analyses prove that the bearing contact is localized and stable against misalignments, requiring just a small adjustment through the application of an optimum tip relief to the gear tooth surfaces to minimize the maximum contact pressure. The uploaded files include the paper in pdf format and a readme.txt file to be directed to the data set included in https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065786.
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Mohammadpour, M., S. Theodossiades, H. Rahnejat, and D. Dowson. "Non-Newtonian mixed thermo-elastohydrodynamics of hypoid gear pairs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 232, no. 9 (2017): 1105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117700756.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Transmission efficiency is the main objective in the development of vehicular differential systems, comprising hypoid gear pairs. The overall aim is to contribute to improved vehicle fuel efficiency and thus levels of harmful emissions for modern desired eco-drive axles. Detailed predictive analysis plays an important role in this quest, particularly under realistic operating conditions, comprising high contact loads and shear rates. Under these conditions, the hypoid gear pairs are subject to mixed non-Newtonian thermo-elastohydrodynamic conditions, which is the approach undertaken in this paper. Such an approach for hypoid gear pair has not hitherto been reported in the literature.
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Le, H. K. "A Study on the Influence of Plasma Nitriding Technology Parameters on the Working Surface Deformation of Hypoid Gears." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 6 (2022): 9760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5365.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper presents the results of the research on the influence of plasma nitriding technology parameters on the working surface deformation of hypoid gears. Blue light technology with non-contact measuring devices is used to determine the working surface deformation of hypoid gears after plasma nitriding. The study has determined a regression equation showing the influence of plasma nitriding technology parameters on the deformation of the working surface of the hypoid gear. The minimum deformation optimization value at the planning area is 0.0071746 at permeation temperature TL=4.89oC, permeation time h=510h, and gas flow 1 G1=6.02L/h.
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Wang, Xing, Zong De Fang, and Sheng Jin Li. "The Influence Caused by each Assembly Misalignment on the HGT Hypoid Gear's Meshing Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 538 (April 2014): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.538.122.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The assembly misalignment is the key factor that influences the meshing performance of gear, the meshing performance worked on no-load or light load conditions is more completely expressed by contact pattern and transmission error. According to the contact pattern and transmission error, the influence of assembly misalignment to the meshing performance of hypoid gear is studied, this method break the limitations relying on experience to adjust the installation. Based on the machining principle and method of Gleason hypoid gears which machined by the HGT method, the mathematical model of machining was established, and the theoretical tooth surface equations were derived, on this basis, the hypoid gear as an example, the tooth contact analysis (TCA) was carried out considering assembly misalignment, the conclusion was drew that the influence to the position of tooth surface contact area and the magnitude of transmission errors are different when the Assembly misalignment affecting alone. This can offer certain reference for the installation and adjustment of hypoid gear pair in engineering practice.
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Pellkofer, J., I. Boiadjiev, D. Kadach, M. Klein, and K. Stahl. "New calculation method for the scuffing load-carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 21-22 (2019): 7328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219843954.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Future trends indicate that the demands on bevel and hypoid gears for higher power transmission and lower weight are continuously increasing. Beside typical fatigue failures such as pitting, tooth root breakage, and tooth flank fracture, spontaneous failures such as scuffing are often observed if the load-carrying capacity of the tribological system consisting of gears and lubricant is exceeded. This paper gives an overview of the newest findings on scuffing specifically on bevel and hypoid gears and discusses the hypoid-specific decisive influence parameters. Furthermore, the newly developed calculation method as well as its verification with test results and results from field application are presented.
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Li, Jubo, Weihao Sun, Yan Zhao, et al. "A Bootstrap-Based Tooth Surface Errors Statistics Methodology for Batch Hypoid Gears after Heat Treatment." Processes 11, no. 4 (2023): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11041128.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the manufacturing and production of hypoid gears, it is a necessary key problem to improve the tooth surface heat treatment precision and production efficiency of the hypoid gears. How to use advanced statistical theory and methods to evaluate the whole batch machining quality of the tooth surface after heat treatment is particularly urgent. In this connection, for the same batch of hypoid gears with the same gear material, numerical control gear milling method, and heat treatment specifications, a bootstrap-based statistics scheme of tooth surface errors after heat treatment is proposed in this paper. The bootstrap statistics model of the tooth surface errors for the batch hypoid gears is established. The bootstrap probability eigenvalues and confidence intervals of the measurement sequence points on the tooth surface errors are solved, and the optimizing selection of the single sampling numbers and the repeated sampling times is completed. On this basis, by applying the cubic NURBS surface fitting method, the mean value difference surface of the batch tooth surface errors data is constructed, the statistics laws of the whole batch tooth surface errors after heat treatment is determined, and the effective evaluation of the whole batch tooth surface accuracy is realized. Finally, the feasibility and correctness of the bootstrap-based statistics scheme are verified by the tooth surface errors bootstrap statistics application experiment of one kind of hypoid gear. The results show that with the help of the bootstrap statistics method proposed in this paper, it is not necessary to accurately measure the tooth surface errors of the whole batch of hypoid gears one by one. Only by randomly selecting 10 tooth surface samples and repeatedly sampling 2000 times, the original sample characteristic values of the whole batch tooth surface errors can be accurately estimated, and the heat treatment deformation statistics laws of the whole patch tooth surfaces can be also counted.
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Shih, Yi-Pei, Zhang-Hua Fong, and Grandle C. Y. Lin. "Mathematical Model for a Universal Face Hobbing Hypoid Gear Generator." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 1 (2006): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2359471.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Based on the theory of gearing and differential geometry, a universal hypoid generator mathematical model for face hobbing spiral bevel and hypoid gears has been developed. This model can be used to simulate existing face hobbing processes, such as Oerlikon’s Spiroflex© and Spirac© methods, Klingelnberg’s Cyclo-Palloid© cutting system, and Gleason’s face hobbing nongenerated and generated cutting systems. The proposed model is divided into three modules: the cutter head, the imaginary generating gear, and the relative motion between the imaginary generating gear and the work gear. With such a modular arrangement, the model is suitable for development of object-oriented programming (OOP) code. In addition, it can be easily simplified to simulate face milling cutting and includes most existing flank modification features. A numerical example for simulation of the Klingelnberg Cyclo-Palloid© hypoid is presented to validate the proposed model, which can be used as a basis for developing a universal cutting simulation OOP engine for both face milling and face hobbing spiral bevel and hypoid gears.
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Shih, Yi-Pei, and Zhang-Hua Fong. "Flank Modification Methodology for Face-Hobbing Hypoid Gears Based on Ease-Off Topography." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 12 (2006): 1294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2779889.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The fundamental design of spiral bevel and hypoid gears is usually based on a local synthesis and a tooth contact analysis of the gear drive. Recently, however, several flank modification methodologies have been developed to reduce running noise and avoid edge contact in gear making, including modulation of tooth surfaces under predesigned transmission errors. This paper proposes such a flank modification methodology for face-hobbing spiral bevel and hypoid gears based on the ease-off topography of the gear drive. First, the established mathematical model of a universal face-hobbing hypoid gear generator is applied to investigate the ease-off deviations of the design parameters—including cutter parameters, machine settings, and the polynomial coefficients of the auxiliary flank modification motion. Subsequently, linear regression is used to modify the tooth flanks of a gear pair to approximate the optimum ease-off topography suggested by experience. The proposed method is then illustrated using a numerical example of a face-hobbing hypoid gear pair from Oerlikon’s Spiroflex cutting system. This proposed flank modification methodology can be used as a basis for developing a general technique of flank modification for similar types of gears.
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Simon, Vilmos. "Optimal Tooth Modifications in Hypoid Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 127, no. 4 (2004): 646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1899177.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A method for the determination of optimal tooth modifications in hypoid gears based on improved load distribution and reduced transmission errors is presented. The modifications are introduced into the pinion tooth surface by using a cutter with bicircular profile and optimal diameter. In the optimization of tool parameters the influence of shaft misalignments of the mating members is included. As the result of these modifications a point contact of the meshed teeth surfaces appears instead of line contact; the hypoid gear pair becomes mismatched. By using the method presented in (Simon, V., 2000, “Load Distribution in Hypoid Gears,” ASME J. Mech. Des., 122, pp. 529–535) the influence of tooth modifications introduced on tooth contact and transmission errors is investigated. Based on the results that was obtained the radii and position of circular tool profile arcs and the diameter of the cutter for pinion teeth generation were optimized. By applying the optimal tool parameters, the maximum tooth contact pressure is reduced by 16.22% and the angular position error of the driven gear by 178.72%, in regard to the hypoid gear pair with a pinion manufactured by a cutter of straight-sided profile and of diameter determined by the commonly used methods.
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Li, Gang, Zhonghou Wang, and Aizoh Kubo. "Error-sensitivity analysis for hypoid gears using a real tooth surface contact model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 3 (2016): 507–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215616835.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Accurately and rapidly evaluated error sensitivity of actual tooth surfaces of hypoid gears can be a significant foundation for a variety of dynamic preference analysis and machine tool setting readjustments. Due to the complexity of local geometric features as well as the limitations of the data measurement on tooth surfaces of hypoid gears, automated error-sensitivity analysis for actual tooth surfaces still presents many substantial challenges. This paper presents a novel methodology for the error-sensitivity analysis of real tooth surfaces of hypoid gears. The methodology combines an error-sensitivity analysis model with a numerical analytical real tooth contact analysis (RTCA) model. The real tooth surfaces, describing local micro-geometry features on actual tooth surfaces, have been produced by 3D discrete data points reconstruction. In this method, the discrete data points on actual tooth surfaces are measured by using a coordinate measure machine (CMM). The location, size, and shape of contact patterns are determined from the predicted interference areas distribution by numerical analysis. In addition, the error-sensitivity analysis model is established for evaluation of the sensitivity of hypoid gears with real tooth surfaces that corresponds to misalignments. The results of experiment show that the proposed method can obtain actual contact properties that significantly improve the basic design performances significantly.
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Wang, Wen Jin, Zhi Qiang Zhang, Jing Zhang, Jian Zhao, Ling Li Zhang, and Tai Yong Wang. "Computerized Modeling and CNC Machining Simulation of Spiral Bevel Gear." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1081.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Based on the theory of gearing and differential geometry, a CNC hypoid generator mathematical model for spiral bevel has been developed. A mathematical model of a spiral bevel gear-tooth surface based on the CNC Gleason hypoid gear generator mechanism is proposed in the paper. The simulation of the spiral bevel gear is presented according to the developed machining mathematical model. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the implementation of the developed mathematic models.
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Yang, Zhao Jun, Yan Kun Wang, Li Nan Li, and Xue Cheng Zhang. "Optimization of Substituted Generating Lines of Cutting Hypoid Gears by Generating-Line Method." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 1718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1718.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In order to make the substituted circular arc generating lines be a series easily, based on the principles of cutting hypoid gears by generating-line method and the pinion generating lines substituting method, an optimization which the objective was to make the substituted circular arc generating lines radiuses of pinion be integers or approximate integers was proposed. The feasibility of this optimization method was verified by the calculating example of a pair of hypoid gears.
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Fan, Qi. "Enhanced Algorithms of Contact Simulation for Hypoid Gear Drives Produced by Face-Milling and Face-Hobbing Processes." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 1 (2006): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2359475.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Modeling of tooth surface generation and simulation of contact is an important part of computerized design and manufacturing of spiral bevel and hypoid gears. This paper presents new developments in this subject. Specifically, the paper covers: (i) development of a generic model of tooth surface generation for spiral bevel and hypoid gears produced by face-milling and face-hobbing processes conducted on free-form computer numerical control (CNC) hypoid gear generators which are incorporated with the Universal Motions Concept (UMC); (ii) a modified algorithm of tooth contact simulation with reduced number of equations of the nonlinear iterations and stabilized iteration convergence; and (iii) an algorithm of numerical determination of contact lines that form the contact patterns. The enhanced approach of contact simulation can be generally applied to other forms of gearings. Two examples, a face-hobbing design and a face-milling design, are illustrated to verify the implementation of the developed algorithms.
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Jia, Xin Jie, Xiao Zhong Deng, and Xiao Zhong Ren. "Multi-Toothed Milling Force Model and Simulation for Form Milling the Gear of the Hypoid Gears." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.90.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Prediction of the forces in milling hypoid gear was often needed in order to establish automation and optimization of the tooth-milling processes. Based on the geometrical theory of the format face-milling, the multi-toothed milling forces theoretical model for form milling the gear of the hypoid gears is presented, the milling force factors were calibrated via single factor experiments and the simulation programs were prepared. Experiments were carried out to verify the availability of the multi-toothed dynamic milling force model, the experimental results is consistent with the simulation results.