Thèses sur le sujet « Idéations et comportement suicidaire »
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Van, Leeuwen Nikki. « Aspects cognitifs, familiaux, culturels et sociaux-économiques des idéations et des comportements suicidaires chez les adolescents issus de l’immigration ». Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20124.
Texte intégralStudy 1- Aim: Explore the contributions of sociocultural and psychopathological factors to suicidal ideation among of 292 adolescents with an immigrant background. Although stressful life events, depressive symptoms, and individualism were risk factors, and attachment to parents a protective factor for both boys and girls, some gender differences emerged. Borderline traits (risk factor), assimilation and marginalization (both protective factors) were significant predictors only among girls.Study 2- Aim: Explore ethnic differences (717 French vs. 251 with an immigrant background) regarding risk and protective factors associated to suicidal ideation among adolescents. The frequency of serious suicidal ideation was higher among the ethnic minority males group compared to the French males group. The mean of suicidal ideation however was higher among the ethnic minority group of females. Ethnic differences were observed regarding the age among males in the prediction of suicidal ideation and self-serving cognitive distortions, borderline traits, and social anxiety among females. Study 3- Aim: Examine suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms in France, both across variables and across persons in a non-clinical sample of adolescents with an immigrant background. Marginalization significantly predicted suicidal ideation whereas perceived discrimination significantly predicted depressive symptoms. Four latent classes emerged from analysis—“Separated-Integrated”, “Integrated”, “Undifferentiated” (characterized by adolescents who were not associated with any of the acculturation categories), and the “Individualized-Assimilated”. Significant differences appeared between the four classes for the indices of ethnic identity, perceived discrimination, and acculturative stress. Prevalence and mean score of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms were high among both the sample and the four acculturative profiles; however no differences between the four classes emerged.Study 4- Aim: Identify cognitive and behavioral aspects which underline suicidal ideation and attempts of 15 adolescents with an immigrant background. Suicide represents “a way to release itself from the constraint to feign an identity”, and to “regain control”. Cultural dissonance, cognitive distortions, identity cognitions emphasize the emergence of self-destructive behaviors and coping strategies. These cognitive and behavioral aspects, underlined by contradictory cultural elements, lead these adolescents to anticipate a possible rejection, which may cause a fear of abandonment
Mudry, Amandine. « Facteurs de risque associés aux idéations suicidaires au travail : exemple chez les vétérinaires français ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCC032.
Texte intégralAbstract : How does work influence individuals' suicidality? Literature typically seeks to answer this question by exploring personality traits, by measuring the impact of occupational stressors, or investigating the triggering effects of personal life events. However, the relative contribution of these factors is rarely identified. Most of the studies are atheoretical and cross-sectional, which limits the comprehension of causal links and fails to capture the temporal dynamics of these processes.Considering this context, we designed the present thesis to identify the contribution of various risk factors: occupational stressors, burnout, negative life events, and personality traits, both separately and jointly, to measure their respective effects on the suicidal ideations of a professional group - namely, French veterinarians.An exploratory methodology was employed. First, we conducted a preliminary qualitative study through interviews with 39 French veterinarians, to identify the stressors and resources of their practice, assess their perceived health, and inquire about their suicidality. Subsequently, we carried out a longitudinal quantitative study over 33 months, comprising three data collection stages by online self-questionnaires. The first objective was to measure the stressors perceived by veterinarians (Vet-SQ), burnout (MBI-GS), personality factors (work addiction and core self-evaluations), and negative life events. The second objective was to measure the respective and joint impacts of these variables on the veterinarians' cross-sectional and longitudinal suicidal ideations. Two psychosocial theories of suicide, the Defeat-Entrapment Theory and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, were also chosen to test their predictive power on suicidal ideations at work.Consistent with the literature, the results indicate that veterinarians are particularly affected by suicidal ideations. Factorial analyses revealed eight occupational stressors: workload and its effect on work-life imbalance, exposure to neglect and abuse from animal owners, emotional demands of the profession, financial worries, colleague conflicts, fear of making professional mistakes, fear of being harmed at work, and experiencing fragmented work.These stressors, particularly perceived workload overload and fear of professional mistakes, account for 14% of the variance in concurrent suicidal ideations among veterinarians (n = 3,324) and 10% of their suicidal ideations at 33 months (n = 289). Burnout (emotional exhaustion and cynicism) partially mediates the effect of occupational stressors on suicidal ideations, highlighting one of the processes by which work stress contributes to their suicidality.The suicide theories jointly explain 31% of the variance in subsequent suicidal ideations. The fear of making medical errors leads veterinarians to experience feelings of defeat, entrapment, burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness, which chronologically explains the emergence of subsequent suicidal ideations.Negative life events (changes in mental health status, conflicts and relationship breakups, and threatened physical integrity) also have a significant effect on both concurrent and distant suicidal ideations (33 months).Veterinarians' relationship to work revealed profiles of work addiction, which are linked to their suicidal ideations, with workaholics’ veterinarians being the most affected. Core self-evaluations also predict suicidal ideations at T1 and T3.The study of the joint effect of all variables on distant suicidal ideations reveals a predominant effect of fundamental self-evaluations. These results necessitate a redefinition of the role of these self-evaluations, which reflect a self-image impacted by the effects of workplace stressors, leading to subsequent suicidal ideations.Overall, these processes contribute to a better understanding of the impact of work-related stressors on veterinarians' suicidal ideations
Mahr, Safia. « Traits de personnalité, événements de vie et troubles psychopathologiques associés à l’idéation suicidaire chez les étudiants de licence ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100022/document.
Texte intégralObjective. Suicide ideation is the first stage that leads to the vicious circle of suicidal behaviours.Thus, the objective of our research is to investigate the association between suicide ideation andits predictor variables (personality traits, stress related to life events, psychopathological disorders, self esteem, satisfaction with life and interpersonal relationships) amongst undergraduate university students.Method. This study was conducted at the Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défence between2008 and 2010. We have collected data from a sample of 855 students (average age of 23 yearsand standard deviation of 5 years and 6 months; M = 198, F = 657) composed of different disciplines but with an overrepresentation of psychology undergraduates (n = 614 with an average age of 23 years; σ = 6). We used a battery of instruments to measure the variables of interest.Results. The results of path analysis show that only a few predictor variables explain more than half of the variance in suicidal ideation (52%). The most effective predictors in terms of significance are: agreeableness (β between -0.06 to -0.18), self-esteem (β between -0.08 to -0.52), comorbidity of anxiety-insomnia (β between 0.17 to 0.37), social dysfunction (β between 0.09 to 0.23), withdrawal (β between 0.08 to 0.29), thought disorders (schizophrenia) (β between 0.16 to 0.40) and rule breaking behaviour (β between 0.14 to 0.31). Discussion. In spite of the limitations of our study, we have found that a relatively small number of predictors explains a significant amount of variance in predicting suicidal ideation. Moreover, predictor variables are not identical for different subgroups
Van, Leeuwen Nikki. « Aspects cognitifs, familiaux, culturels et sociaux-économiques des idéations et des comportements suicidaires chez les adolescents issus de l'immigration ». Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678771.
Texte intégralGatelet, Romain. « Fonctions suicidaires et stratégies de coping : incidence sur les conduites suicidaires et leur répétition ». Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H136.
Texte intégralIn spite of a very rich and various literature about suicidal behaviour, research suffer from confusions between a large range of situations, acts and subjects’ characteristics, and seldom take the suicidal functions or intentions into consideration. However, this functions could explain the links between subjects’ coping skills and the parasuicides or suicide attempts. Objectives : the first objective of this research was to propose a french validation of a suicidal functions questionnaire, the RASQ (Holden et al. , 1998). The second was to try to explain why people engage in suicidal behaviour, and its relationship with coping strategies and psychopathology. The third was to study attempters according to their previous attempts, the suicidal functions of their last attempt, their coping strategies and their psychopathology, to explain why they commit and why they repeat suicidal behaviour. Method : in a cross-sectional design, 398 subjects were interviewed and were then asked to complete various self-questionnaires. Results : a two-dimensionnal structure was found in the RASQ : « agression / control » and « avoidance / relief ». Compared to suicidal ideators, attempters engaged in more avoidant coping ways, specially more distraction, and were more frequently diagnosed with Cluster B personality disorders. Distraction and female sex were the only significant independent predictors of an attempt. Attempters can’t be clearly distinguished by the number of previous attempts, but by the nature of their attempt (suicide attempt vs parasuicide), their gender, their age, and the suicidal functions of their last attempt. Hopelessness and personality disorders are the only significant independent predictors of the attempts severity and repetitions. Conclusion : Distraction, female sex, cluster B personality disorders, and hopelessness are the most involved dimensions into suicidal behavior and its repetition. Single and multiple suicide attempters don’t make two clear distinct populations and suicidal intentions could improve the qualitative understanding of the attempt. Attempts and repetitions could be better understood by follow-up and qualitative studies, and by assessing each attempt, its caracteristics and consequences, and « state-trait » coping variations
Vandevoorde, Jérémie. « Les processus psychopathologiques de la tentative de suicide : Evolution et modélisation ». Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100174.
Texte intégralThe scientific literature on suicidal now displays more than a hundred of risk factors, at least five major theoretical current (themselves divided into various models) and many nosological debate regarding the existence of prodromal suicidal symptoms. The objective of this research is to trace the genesis of the suicidal process until the final patient's mental state at the time of the suicidal movement. 33 suicidal subjects were invited to complete a scale of dissociation (DES), the Rorschach Comprehensive System and a semi-structured (MEPS) to enable them to mentally go back to the the suicide attempts. The results show in most of them a preparatory phase, pathological elements of personality, a pre-suicidal phase on the day of the attempted suicide and three psychological profiles at the time of the attempted suicide. Combining some elements of personality increases the frequency of suicide attempts (emotional profiles and idiopathic), while the severity of the action and its potentially lethal depends on the type of suicide attempt performed. In addition, attempts suicide called "kinesthetic" appear very dangerous. The clinical implications, theoretical and methodological treatment are discussed
Racon, Patrick. « Phénomènes suicidaires chez l'adolescent guadeloupéen : approche clinique et psychopathologique de la tentative de suicide : prévention et prise en charge ». Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0027.
Texte intégralAttempted suicide during adolescence is a growing concern in Guadeloupe. The rise of the phenomenon and poverty research on clinical and psychopathologic plan we gave rise to better understand the mechanisms of attempted suicide and query prevention systems and decision-making support. The results highlight the suicidal gesture during adolescence is rooted in a narcissistic problematic in the threat of others and the failure of enlarged faimly containment function. Furthermore, it is possible, to clinical, psychological and psychotherapeutical tools and also in connection with the clinic during adolescence in Guadeloupe, allow caregivers welcoming these young people to develop an expertise and a knowledge-being, needed to better support this suicidal suffering and prevent suicide
Bourdet-Loubère, Sylvie. « Tentative de suicide et masochisme : étude transnosographique de la variabilité de la dynamique suicidaire en fonction du mode d'intégration du masochisme ». Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20110.
Texte intégralThe subject of this doctoral research is the suicide attempt. It is based on two observations; the first, which is clinical, is the variability in certain characteristics of the suicide attempt, such as the depressive affects, the intention and the lethality. The second, which is more theoretical, concerns psychological makeup, taking into account how masochism is assimilated at a structural and dynamic level. In accordance with a psychopathological approach, we have formulated the hypothesis that in suicidal subjects, the suicidal dynamic varies as a function of the psychological organization, and more specifically, as a function of the mode of assimilation of masochism. Our research population consisted of 100 subjects (50 suicidal subjects and 50 control subjects). As our research involves different variables at different levels of analysis, we have chosen to use seven complementary and compatible methodological tools. The latter have enabled us to address the psychological organization of the subjects and the suicide attempt, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view. Given the results obtained, we were able to validate, within the limits of the statistical tests carried out and the size of the samples studied, our explanatory model of the variability of the suicidal dynamic based on the modes of assimilation of masochism
Diwo, Rosine. « Evénements de vie, mentalisation, somatisation et tentatives de suicide : approche comparée à l'adolescence ». Nancy 2, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc187/1997NAN21036_1.pdf.
Texte intégralSiney, Patrick. « Tentatives de suicide par intoxication médicamenteuse chez l'enfant et l'adolescent : à propos de 284 cas ». Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3024.
Texte intégralBréjard, Vincent. « Personnalité et dysfonctionnements émotionnels à l'adolescence : une approche intégrative de l'articulation entre dépression et conduites à risques ». Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10075.
Texte intégralVarescon, Isabelle. « Les toxicomanes et la mort : étude comparative auprès des sujets porteurs du VIH (virus de l'immunodéficience humaine) et de sujets en situation de sevrage ». Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H091.
Texte intégralAskevis, Michel. « Fugue et suicide à l'adolescence : faits et significations : L'épidémiologie à la rencontre de la clinique ». Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10049.
Texte intégralCourtet, Philippe. « Association cholestérolémie et tentative de suicide : à propos d'une étude cas-témoin ». Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11140.
Texte intégralNaud, Hélène. « Prédire le comportement suicidaire des détenus avec le Suicide Probability Scale et des variables actuarielles ». Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2787.
Texte intégralNaud, Hélène. « Prédire le comportement suicidaire des détenus avec le Suicide Probability Scale et des variables actuarielles ». [S.l. : s.n.], 2008.
Trouver le texte intégralDerbier, Aurélie. « La prévention du suicide des adolescents de 13 à 20 ans : étude épidémiologique des facteurs de risque et de protection du suicide : mise en place et évaluation du programme "coping and support training" au collège et au lycée ». Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENH032.
Texte intégralThe objectives of this thesis are twofold. Firstly, it aims at conducting an epidemiological study of risk and protective factors for suicide. Secondly, it aims at developing and evaluating a program designed to promote adaptation skills: the CAST. Epidemiological study: independent-samples mean comparison tests revealed that subjects at risk of suicide are in greater distress than those not at risk: they feel more angry, depressive, anxious and impulsive, they have a lower self esteem, are less socially engaged, receive less social support, use more emotional centered strategies of coping and have a more external locus of control. For girls and boys, social disengagement is a key factor in predicting suicide risk. Applied study: 31 subjects at risk of suicide and 11 subjects not at risk, followed the CAST program. A battery of 8 questionnaires was administered before and after CAST intervention. Qualitative and quantitative analysis showed a significant decrease in suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, anxiety and anger that are known as risk factors for suicide. We also observed an increase in personal control, self-esteem, social engagement, as well as abilities to resolve conflicts and to use social support and an internal locus of control which are all protective factors. In conclusion, we find the same suicide risk and protective factors than those mentioned in the literature with a predominance for social disengagement. Moreover, we can say that the CAST program is promising for suicide prevention and, more generally, for promoting adolescents’ mental health
André, Joanne. « Le geste suicidaire, enjeux et devenir psychiques : Détresse, hystérisation, passivité ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20087.
Texte intégralThe thesis is presented as a path between issues and become of suicidal gesture, traumatic moment, one of whose features is the quality of his registration in time. Something on the side of the elusive try to be understanding over work from multiple perspectives. From crisis to the scene of suicide, the singularity of the suicidal gesture to the singularity of what is psychically altered, rearranged, a reflection based on current clinical, immediate effects of the act, to try to understand mental challenges, to grasp the configuration intrapsychiqu e can 'do' a suicidal act of "solution" to a conflict similar
Rochet, Thierry. « Les recepteurs des benzodiazepines et leurs modulateurs dans le comportement suicidaire : une etude post-mortem chez l'homme ». Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M179.
Texte intégralUmulisa, Guillaume Chantal. « Les représentations psychosociales du suicide, modèles épidémiologiques du suicide, profils de santé mentale, et effets de champs : approche structurale des représentations ». Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX1A120.
Texte intégralNassans, Mathive. « Etude prospective des suicides et tentatives de suicide effectués par des patients adultes du centre hospitalier spécialisé de Vauclaire : intra muros et sur les secteurs du 1er mars au 31 mai 1986 ». Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25077.
Texte intégralHalabi, Kanari. « Les adolescentes suicidantes : étude comparative France-Syrie : évaluation des facteurs de risque et contribution à la compréhension du phénomène de suicide et/ou tentative de suicide des 12-18 ans dans les deux sociétés ». Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0027.
Texte intégralRochet, Thierry. « Comportement auto-agressif (suicidaire) chez l'homme et agressivité chez l'animal : implication des récepteurs des benzodiazépines et de leur modulation endogène ». Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T351.
Texte intégralHoertel, Nicolas. « Effets des pathologies psychiatriques sur le risque de tentative de suicide : similitudes et différences selon l’âge au sein d’une cohorte en population générale Mental disorders and risk of suicide attempt : a national prospective study A dimensional liability model of age differences in mental disorder prevalence : evidence from a national sample Effects of psychiatric disorders on suicide attempt : similarities and differences between older and younger adults in a national cohort study A comprehensive model of predictors of suicide attempt in depressed individuals and effect of treatment-seeking behavior : results from a national 3-year prospective study ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB007.
Texte intégralPas de résumé
St-Laurent-Dubé, Marianne. « Attachement amoureux et comportements suicidaires dans un contexte de rupture amoureuse ». Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9482.
Texte intégralChauchard, Emeline. « Le craving et les remissions naturelles de la consommation de cannabis ». Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20088.
Texte intégralCannabis is the most used illegal substance in France. Many studies have investigated cannabis dependence and associated disorders. However little is known concerning active addiction processes, relapse and cessation in cannabis dependence. Therefore, in France, cannabis craving and withdrawal are still misunderstood. The present research, including three separate studies, aims to investigate craving and self-initiated cessation of cannabis use. Study 1 - Objective: To validate a French form of the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire Short Form (MCQ-SF). The Marijuana Craving Questionnaire Short Form (12 items) was completed by a sample of 679 marijuana users. The results showed that the 4 factor model (compulsivity, emotionality, expectancy, purposefulness) was a poor fit to the data. Further analysis revealed 2 factors, pleasure and tension relief with good psychometric properties. Study 2 - A sample of 1266 young adults completed a questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. (1) Results showed that among the entire sample, there was not association between depression, suicidal ideation and the use or not of cannabis. However, among cannabis users (for at least 1 month before inclusion), revealed an association between dependence, depression and suicidal ideas. (2) Findings show a correlation between cannabis craving, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideations. Study 3 – Twenty-three semi directive interviews were conducted among young adults, having abstained from cannabis for at least 30 days. The negative effects of cannabis use were stated as the main factor influencing self-initiated cannabis cessation. These results indicate the importance of cognitive assessment during change. The main strategies mentioned were changes of environment, new activities, and changes of life style. Many participants experienced difficulties in achieving total remission (craving, withdrawal symptoms…), and the benefits derived from their attempt are rarely emphasised. Finally over half the participants resumed cannabis use but in a more moderated and controlled fashion. Conclusions : These present results contribute to the understanding of cannabis craving and self-initiated cessation, and highlight the importance of creating specific prevention interventions
Afzali, Mohammad Hassan. « Risque suicidaire et état de stress post-traumatique : règles, niveaux de risque, et modérateurs ». Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20023.
Texte intégralResearch on the association between the experience of trauma and suicidality has been a growing field in the literature since two decades. The current dissertation was originally aimed at identifying sufficient or necessary conditions of suicidality outcomes among individuals exposed to trauma. A procedure of association rule extraction was implemented on a database from of a French national survey. Considering lack of sufficient or necessary conditions of suicidality outcomes, two other suicidality related issues were addressed. The first study focuses on the evidence-based ordering of the suicidality profiles and the detection of symptoms that moderate suicidality levels. Using ‘past month suicide attempt’ as the criterion, three suicidality levels were established. All suicidality levels were systematically moderated by the chronic anxiety symptom. The second study aimed at testing the robustness of the association between the trauma levels and the frequency of past month suicide attempt by identification of the symptoms moderating the incidence of outcome in every trauma level. Seven symptoms regarding desire for death, self-harm intention, suicidal ideation, lifetime suicide attempt, depressed mood, loss of interest, and panic attack exhibited a moderating effect with the fan-shaped pattern. A comprehensive review of the literature revealed the difficulty to obtain an overall picture of the investigated outcomes and their risk factors in the trauma-suicidality background. The third study puts forward a graphical platform aimed at recapitulating the evidence found by 26 studies concerning 20 risk factors of six suicidality outcomes among traumatized individuals. The main risk factors are major depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. This review highlighted the importance of a common descriptive framework and the availability of the databases collected in previous studies
Clemençon-Jantin, Yvette. « Intérêt et difficultés de la prise en charge d'adolescents dans le cadre de l'internat en psychiatrie ». Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1S002.
Texte intégralBêty, Cynthia. « Les mauvais traitements psychologiques présents dans les relations sociales des adolescents ayant fait une tentative de suicide et recevant les services d'un Centre Jeunesse : étude qualitative des stratégies d'adaptation et des perceptions ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28814/28814.pdf.
Texte intégralLaimou, Dimitra. « Un moment entre la vie et la mort : La tentative de suicide à l'adolescence : un traitement de la douleur psychique selon la logique de l'extrême ». Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H124.
Texte intégralThe aim of this research is to study the psychic functioning of the suicidal adolescent through psychoanalytic thinking. The assessment of 17 adolescents enabled us to draw some conclusions: The suicidal gesture in adolescence appears to be linked to adolescents’ difficulties to deal with the instincts. This difficulty affects the adolescent’s entire psychic functioning and especially his/her thinking processes. The thinking processes are affected in two ways: either they become disorganized under the effect of the defusion of instincts, or they become rigid to avoid their impact. By attacking his own body the adolescent expresses a hate towards both himself and the other, as the two are not differentiated enough in moments when instincts’ activity is intense. A further analysis of the way the object is invested reveals that these adolescents tend either to merge with the other, or to avoid any interaction which could potentially lead to a state of fusion with the object. This state of confusion between the object and the subject, is linked to the difficulty of the adolescents to deal with the depressive feelings deriving from separation. For some adolescents the suicidal gesture is a direct consequence of depression. But for some others the suicidal gesture is part of a defensive strategy against it
Ovono, Engoang Jocelyn. « Les risques suicidaires et /ou de chronicisation infractionnelle des jeunes adultes incarcérés : effets croisés de la vulnérabilité psychique et de la carceralité ». Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1720.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of the psychological vulnerability of the dynamic risk of suicide and / or infringement of chronicity for young adult prisoner. How to separate the issues that are induced by prison of the intrapersonal risk auto or hetero - aggressive violence? The results of our thesis allow us to understand the dimensions of a wounding operation which can participate in a violent dynamic. In the absence of definitive conclusions and establish causality, the clinical results suggest harmful crosses between certain psychic functions induced by traumatic history and family dysfunction and violence conducted such as suicide attacks observed among inmates. If suicidal risks appear limited, the phenomenon retains its interest. Also, prison life can be strengthen infringement dynamic that was already latent or rebuild psychologically the young. This thesis supports the idea that the idea that the penal institution may be the place where all paths of life are possible
Bonnichon, Delphine. « Fantasmes à mort ! : Pensées et acte suicidaires à l’épreuve de la différence des sexes ». Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H122.
Texte intégralOur goal is to analyse the specificity of the psychic functioning of adolescents who have suicidal thoughts and/or have attempted suicide. Our two main directions of analysis are the following: first, the dialectical interaction between action and fantasy, and secondly, the comparison between suicidal issues and psychosexual development in boys and girls. Our analysis is based on 20 case studies combining clinical encounters and projective tests, the Rorschach text and the TAT; the protocols were analysed according the psychoanalytic method developed by the Paris School. Two hypotheses are verified in this study: 1) suicidal gestures can potentially generate symbolic meaning; and 2) boys resort to more drastic defense mechanisms than girls, due to the fact that their sexual identity is threatened. Suicidal adolescents have a rich fantasy life centred on infanticidal fantasies, with a blend of pregenital and genital elements in a context of sado-masochism. In boys, suicidal thoughts, even if they do not lead to action, are more dangerous; this underscores the function of the act itself, tied to a sadistic tendency, with the danger of unbinding. The homo-erotic oral-anal penetration fantasy is a promising avenue of research, since it brings together both narcissistic and object relations, tied to a infanticidal-parricidal fantasy organized around projection. Its counterpart in girls seems to be the fantasy of tearing off one’s skin, in combination with masochistic denial. We thus discern two different and separate paths towards genital sexuality, parenthood, and generational transmission , opening new avenues for exploration in the eternal debate between life and death
El, Hajj-Hassan Elham. « La conduite auto-destructive et l'affirmation de soi : étude psychologique sur le vécu des libanais en temps de guerre ». Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H053.
Texte intégralVallières, Lydia. « La personnalité limite à l’adolescence : facteurs étiologiques de la sévérité des comportements d’automutilation non suicidaire et de tentatives de suicide ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67781.
Texte intégralLigier, Fabienne. « Adolescence et tentative de suicide : devenir, soutien social, facteurs de risque et prévention de la récidive suicidaire ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0184/document.
Texte intégralBackground: Suicide attempt (SA) concerns 8% to 10% of adolescents and SA recurrence within the year 14% to 20% of adolescents. SA of young patients may have implications over the long term on an academic/professional level, as well as on an affective and psychic level. Objectives: 1) To describe psychosocial outcomes of SAers and the weight of recurrence on these outcomes, 2) to study the impact of losing contact with caregivers during the year following SA, and 3) to study how young SAers use means of communication, and perceive social support they receive and their health-related quality of life. Methods: Three researches were carried out on adolescent SAers. 1) 309 SAers were evaluated at time of SA and 10 years after SA, 2) study of the correlation between a loss of contact with caregivers and SA recurrence occurring between 1 to 10 years after the initial SA of 249 young patients, 3) how 58 SAers use means of communication, and perceive social support they receive and their health-related quality of life. Results: As an adult, the psychosocial situation of young SAers is impaired, especially for those who have a recurrence of SA during the year after index SA. The risk of recurrence increases in the ten years following index SA for early SAers, and in the year following index SA when contact has been lost with caregivers. SAers preferentially use SMS to “keep in touch” with relatives and they assess on a less positive note than peers their social support and health-related quality of life. Perspectives: We developed a monitoring device based on SMS sending in order to prevent SA recurrence which will be assessed through a randomized controlled clinical trial
Dejean-Dupèbe, Chantal. « L' enjeu de la filiation dans la clinique des adolescents suicidants ». Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20091.
Texte intégralThe subject of our researche is the study of the stake in the filiation through the teenagers 's families speech. It concerns to spot the distinction between the genealogic place, son or daughter's place, mother or father's place. In the framework of this clinical research which fall on twelve teenagers who have done suicidal attempt, we have organize a study on three generations, the adolescent one, the parents one and the grandparents one. We have the hypothesis the distinction at hte adolescence take place by the differenciation between two scenes, the teenager scene and the familt scene. We have pointed out the reference point on difficulties in the set up of these two scenes emphasize distinction difficulties in the point on in the distinction subjective stakes in the family's middle generation. In this context, the attempt suicidal which take its origin in an failing adolescent secne, should be in link with differenciation difficult between subjectif stake or filiation stake between parents and teenagers
Cao, Van Tuan. « Anthropologie et clinique des adolescents en difficulté dans un pays émergent : étude du suicide des adolescents au Vietnam ». Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_cao_van.pdf.
Texte intégralAttempts of youngsters to commit suicide are becoming a genuine society problem in Vietnam. In order to understand what underlies that phenomenon, we have approached it through a complementary and pluridisciplinary approach, with the contribution of the history of Vietnam, of its literature and of its traditions, and also by using Western theories which bring light on suicide among youngsters in Western countries. The material we have collected shows specificity in the mise en scene of their suicide by juvenile persons, whatever individual or collective suicide is concerned, as well as by the distress which they manifest. We do not think that suicide is there a way of affirming their ego in a culture where individuals have no place. The search for the harmony of human relationships dominates in Vietnam over the affirmation of the ego. Individuals must comply with that attitude. Clinical cases demonstrate the impossibility for the youngsters to deal with the two contradictory injunctions they are faced to: respect the family and filial devotion which they refer to in discussions and in farewell letters, and the need to adapt to a modern world, as it is offered by the medias as their future, and which anyway is the world the construction of which they will contribute to. The claim more often expressed by adolescent girls than by boys, is the acceptance by the family of their individual and affective needs, still in the frame of family harmony. That claim overturns parents who do believe that improving material life conditions is sufficient for the children to be grateful to them. The therapeutic approach we locally developed relies on the analysis of these various contributions to suicidal behaviour
Chéreau, Béatrice. « Figures de la scène suicidaire en milieu carcéral : perte, affects et sexualité : Vers une approche psychanalytique du suicide en Maison d'Arrêt en France ». Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H004.
Texte intégralOften covered by the media, suicide and suicide attempts in places of incarceration (with their "total institutions" A. Lefebvre, 1999) are much more frequent in prisons than in a free environment, especially in France. In fact in French jails, deaths by suicide are seven times more frequent and suicide attempts are four to five times more frequent (by 90 %). The means most used is hanging (90 %). The people most at risk are the defendants, the prisoners having previous incidents while in custody, as well as inmates with personality deficiency. Our work therefore proposes to study, amongst prisoners with violent behaviours and violent suicidal behaviours, with a Freudian and post-Freudian meta-psychological perspective, and investigate the components that constitute the core of these mainly borderline cases (cf. Official statistics), regarding the treatment of loss, affects of shame and/or guilt in prison for a range of 20 subjects (10 non suicidal, no attempts at suicide; 10 suicidal, attempts at suicide). In order to achieve this, we met those subjects, young adults and adults, within the frame of our clinical work and research on prevention of suicide (DDASS, 2001 ; alexithymia) in the heart of a prison in Paris suburbs. Projective tests (Rorschach and TAT) were of invaluable contribution, as they revealed that patients imprisoned, having violent behaviours and violent suicidal behaviours, show a prevalence of borderline state, along with a melancholic process (white melancholia in prison, "primal" loss Freud), a "sharp" narcissism and a narcissism with a "carapace", "a pure culture of death drive" (Freud). Moreover, we noticed a pathology of the affect (denial, negation; "hassle" affect), between unconscious "shame and guilt" (C. Chabert), with identification problems clearly sexed and a rejection of passive femininity (prison masculinity : "melancholic femininity" C. Chabert, "maniac masculinity" F. Neau), that leads us to postulate to the hypothesis of the selection of this "silent goddess of death in prison", through the creation of a suicidal scene in prison, in its passive and active polarities ("to kill oneself, to give up oneself to the prison body"), within a place governed by "legislative illusion", strategies of collective denial and a pathology of communication (C. Dejours), particularly in case of successful prison suicide
Nobile, Bénédicte. « Biomarqueurs dans deux troubles des conduites bien caractérisés : trouble des conduites alimentaires et trouble des conduites suicidaires ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT094/document.
Texte intégralEating Disorders (EDs) and Suicidal Behavior (SB) are severe mental illnesses. Those two disorders represent a major public health problem. Indeed, those pathologies present a poor prognosis, induce a heavy impact on patient and their families and represant an important cost for society. There is currently no validated biomarker in one or the other disorder. The goal of this work is to successfully identify potential biomarkers in both disorders. The identification of potential biomarkers could be useful in various areas: facilitating patient’s diagnosis, improving patient management, and serving as therapeutic targets for the development of new and more effective treatments. We will present in this work the interest and the use of biomarkers in psychiatry then two axes of exploration of EDs and finally an axis of exploration of SB: the neuropsychological approach as well as the biological approach for EDs and genetic approach for SB. Regarding TCA, our results suggest a potential interest of estrogen-progestins in improving the cognitive functions of patients. With regards to SB, it appears that two of the genetic polymorphisms we studied (one from the MOR gene and the other from the SKA2 gene) are associated with the risk of suicidal ideation during the initiation of suicide an antidepressant treatment. If those studies are replicated, those elements could peep out diagnostic and therapeutic tools
Daubech-Tournier, Marie. « Consommation de substances psychoactives chez les sujets suicidants : prévalence, impact pronostique et méthodes d'identification ». Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21221.
Texte intégralStudies have suggested that substance use is a risk factor for suicidal behavior. The aims of this work were to assess the prevalence of substance use disorders and its prognostic impact in 2388 subjects consecutively admitted in an emergency department for intentional drug overdose IDO). Substance use abuse and dependence were frequent in subjects with IDO. Subjects who had used psychoactive substances were two times more likely to present with serious IDO (OR 1,9 IC 95 % 1,3-2,8 p = 0,001). As subjects with IDO are at high risk of suicide, substance use and misuse are additional risk and prognostic factors in this population. However they are not often investigated in routine practice by the emergency department staff. Their identification may have important consequences on prevention and management of suicidal behavior
Eloir, Julien. « Trajectoires de vie et développement des comportements violents ». Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H029.
Texte intégralAs part of developmental psychopathology approaches, the aim of the thesis is tobroaden the knowledge of the mechanisms in the inmates’ violent externalised auto-agressive and hetero-agressive behaviour. Our concern is to find the mental, social and environmental impact of life events experienced in different life periods on these violent externalised troubles. From the reconstruction of life charts, the life course has been retraced and the developmental trajectories have been studied by focusing on the suicidal behaviour in prison and the transgressive sexual act. In a first study, life charts of inmates with a history of suicide attempt in prison, built with relatives and caregivers interviews, were compared to life charts of inmates without suicide attempts. The findings enabled to develop a predictive model of the suicidal behaviour proving the importance of mood disorders before the detention and behaviour disorders during the detention. In a second study, four sex offenders profiles created from life trajectories can be observed and distinguished according to the occurrence of events in four major domains of risk factors. The results of the two empiritical studies allow to discuss the theoretical and clinical perspectives as part of developmental psychopathology approaches in the understanding of violent externalised troubles and their care in prison
Villaume, Bernadette. « Etude épidémiologique des tentatives de suicide admises dans un service d'accueil des urgences ». Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN11044.
Texte intégralSartori, Michel. « Éclipse et résilience spirituelle : LE DRAME DU SUICIDE DANS LES FORCES ARMÉES CANADIENNES. QUAND LA VIE PERD TOUT SON SENS, UNE PAROLE PEUT-ELLE ENCORE ÉMERGER DU CHAOS ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28564/28564.pdf.
Texte intégralPelletier, Caroline. « De la prévention à la postvention : étude exploratoire sur les suicides survenus entre le 1er janvier 2000 et le 31 décembre 2006 dans les prisons provinciales du Québec ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23941.
Texte intégralPennel, Lucie. « Intoxications médicamenteuses volontaires répétées : une conduite addictive plutôt que suicidaire. Phénotypage clinique et modélisation comportementale par une approche dimensionnelle ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV025.
Texte intégralRepeated Self-poisoning (RSP) constitute an under evaluated but growing public health problem, treated as a suicidal rather than an addictive behavior. Our work brings arguments by showing that suicides involving alcohol are mainly by self-poisoning and correspond to deliberate self-harm syndrome; repeat suicide attempters are identified by a neuroticism and anxious attachment typically found in addicts; even suicidal RSP shows addictive behavior involving medicines; the best predictor of self-poisoning is having thought about it. Conceptualized through a translational approach and supported by pharmacological arguments, we propose a multidimensional model of suicidal behaviors, that could integrate the continuum of addictive behaviors. This confirms the initial hypothesis and the viability of a transnosographic concept for diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses
Boucher, Maxime. « La nuit carcérale : souffrir et éviter la souffrance en prison, le cas français (1944-1981) ». Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070006.
Texte intégralAll times, the prison institution creates sufferings for prisoners (end of freedom, loneliness, sexual castration). In these painful foundations of the confinement are added sometimes additional sufferings created from the deficiencies (decripitude, overpopulation, defaulting food) and violence (cells of punishment, « prevôts » kinds of kapos, jail work). Since the french Liberation - just after the second world war - , many prison reforms more or less deep succeeded one another to limit these sufferings and humanize the french prison. The reformist limits are quickly revealings, resulted by profound budgetary limits. The institutional attempts aren't nevertheless the only ones to want to limit or to avoid the sufferings. Prisoners show us many individual or collective resources in this way. The body as first vision reveals an important part of these strategies of avoidance. From the tattoo to the automutilation until the hunger strike, the body prisoner could be a vast field of study. Identital research, revival, call for help, protest, the senses of these strategies open intricate conclusions. The suffering is confidentially next to the violence. The mutinous collective outburst is one of the most evident examples. The ultimate purpose of the avoidance of the prison sufferings lives then the envy to leave definitively the prison embodied by the hope of the escape or the despair of the suicide. To undergo the suffering is not thus necessarily a fate in prison, but it often involves paradoxically new sufferings. .
Rémy, Sébastien Bernard. « Risques suicidaires et routiers chez les 18-25 ans : relations avec la recherche de sensations ». Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ013L.
Texte intégralThe first two causes of death in 18-25 year olds are respectively road accidents and suicides. The associated risk taking behaviors can be related to sensation seeking. The first aim of this study was to demonstrate a relationship between suicide and sensation seeking. Suicide attempters were compared to two groups of controls, high-sensation seekers and low sensation seekers. All groups were matched for age, sex, and education (N = 23 in each group). Past suicide attempters, participants with suicidal ideation, high-sensation seekers, and low sensation seekers, matched for age, sex and education, were also evaluated (N = 23 in each group). The results suggest that suicide attempters, past suicide attempters and participants with suicidal ideation, are high sensation seekers. The satisfaction of perceived social support was lower in the suicide attempters than in the control groups. However, past suicide attempters and participants with suicidal ideation did not differ from controls on perceived social support. The second aim of this study was to develop a new questionnaire to evaluate reported road behaviors and attitudes (QC-24). The questionnaire was developed and validated on a sample of 18-25 year olds (N =280 for the development and N = 300 for the validation). Relations between QC-24 and sensation seeking were studied, and showed the good specificity and optimal psychometric properties of this new questionnaire. Finally, the third aim of this study was to compare suicide attempters who are drivers to participants who are high-risk takers and low-risk takers on the road. Also, road offenders were compared to participants who are high-risk takers and low-risk takers on the road. All groups were matched on age, sex and education (N = 10 in each group). This study showed that both suicide attempters and road offenders are high sensation seekers, but that they differ on other personal traits. For instance, suicide attempters showed higher degrees of neuroticism compared to controls; moreover, suicide attempters did not differ from high-risk takers and low-risk takers on the road on extraversion. On the other hand, road offenders had higher degrees of extraversion relative to low-risk takers on the road, and were equivalent on extraversion to high-risk takers on the road; the three groups were comparable on neuroticism. Suicide attempters were also less socially adapted than the two control groups. These results suggest that the profiles of suicide attempters and road offenders are different, and could be used for the differential diagnosis of suicidal and road taking risks, and for their prevention
Olliac, Bertrand. « Evénements de vie, traumatismes psychiques et tentatives de suicide chez l'enfant et l'adolescent ». Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2222/.
Texte intégralLife events, Psychotraumas and Suicide Attempts in Child and Adolescents Psychotrauma corresponds to a life event which is characterised by its intensity, the incapacity to cope adequately and the overwhelming lasting pathogenic effects induced in the psychological organization. If the childhood psychotrama has been minimized for a long time, it is now well identified. However the issue of their exploration is rather recent. Studies concerning psychotrauma, and its consequences, have considerable difficulties in defining their boundaries. It is particularly difficult to detail mechanisms implicated in a trauma. These aspects are developed in the first part of this work. In a second part, the psychometric properties of the French version of the Child Post Traumatic Symptom Reaction Index (CPTS-RI), which is an auto administered tool elaborated to diagnose Post Traumatic Stress Disorders in children and adolescents have been studied. Thanks to its psychometrics properties, its speed and ease with which it is administrated and quoted, it is an interesting and usable instrument for clinicians as well as researchers to evaluate the PTSD in children and adolescents. In addition to its diagnostic aspect it allows to quantify symptomatology intensity. It had never been validated in its French version. In the third part, the associations between life events, the amount of worry and suicide attempts during adolescence. It is shown that the number and the nature of life events have a significant impact on the risk of suicide attempt. When these life events happen adolescents' worries are impacted by them. Finally the risk of suicide attempt is increased when the amounts of worry domains are accentuated
Hamedi, Karine. « Scandale et suicide politiques : un drame social de la rupture ». Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010287.
Texte intégralDanner, Touati Camille. « facteurs de risque et de protection au cours du placement : étude du devenir à l’âge adulte des enfants placés ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080102.
Texte intégralChildhood abuse is a vulnerability factor with regard to insecure attachment and, in turn, mental health and suicidal risk (SR). Among victims of abuse, children in out-of-home care are particularly at risk. Out-of-family placement is aimed at interrupting child exposure to further abuse and at providing the security needed for proper development. To this end, different out-of-home care arrangements are available. Research suggests that placement-related factors may impact children’s mental health outcomes and suicidal risk. The first study was aimed at examining (1) the direct effects of different placement characteristics (i.e. age at first placement, number of placements, placement disruptions, total time in care, contact with biological parents, contact with siblings, placement with siblings) on SR and (2) whether these characteristics moderate the link between maltreatment and SR. In a second study we examined whether (1) attachment to the biological parents mediates the association between abuse and SR and (2) attachment to a foster parent (whether from a foster home or an institution) moderates the effect of attachment to the biological parents on SR.The sample consisted of 77 adults (52 women; 25 men; mean age: 26.6 years) who received out-of-home care during childhood. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (for SR). The Attachment Multiple Model Interview was also administered to assess attachment to each biological parent and to the foster parent. Participants’ records were examined to determine placement characteristics and maltreatment.The results indicated (1) a significant role of risk (age at first placement, number of placements, placement disruptions, contact with biological parents) and protective factors (contact with siblings, foster home placement) with regard to SR; (2) a moderating effect of the risk factors on the link between maltreatment and SR; (3) that attachment (security and disorganization) to the biological mother mediates the link between abuse and SR and (4) that attachment to the foster parent moderates the link between attachment to the biological mother and SR.These findings point to the importance of interventions aimed at limiting risk factors during placement and of interventions aimed at promoting the establishment of a secure attachment relationship between children in care and their foster parents to reduce SR