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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Illicit purpose »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 25 août 2021

Mis à jour le 29 juillet 2025

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1

Monroe, Kerry. "Purpose and Effects: Viewpoint-Discriminatory Closure of a Designated Public Forum." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 44.4 (2011): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.44.4.purpose.

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In early 2010, amidst a series of racially charged incidents on campus, the student government president at the University of California at San Diego revoked funding to all student media organizations in response to controversial speech on the student-run television station. It is well established that once the government has opened a forum, including a "metaphysical" forum constituted by government funding for private speech, it may not discriminate based on the viewpoints expressed within that forum. However, it has not been clearly established whether the government may close such a forum f

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Gawronska, Sylwia. "Organ trafficking and human trafficking for the purpose of organ removal, two international legal frameworks against illicit organ removal." New Journal of European Criminal Law 10, no. 3 (2019): 268–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2032284419862387.

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Although illicit organ removal is not a new crime, globalisation and economic inequality, underpinned by shortages of organs, have amplified this problem to such an extent that governments are now urged to take comprehensive punitive measures. Some manifestations of illicit organ removal are already considered criminal offences under domestic transplant legislations and under the framework of human trafficking. At the same time, illicit organ removal has also been categorised as a form of organ trafficking by the Council of Europe Convention against Trafficking in Human Organs, which calls upo

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DiRienzo, Cassandra E., and Jayoti Das. "Illicit Trade and Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions." Economics and Culture 17, no. 2 (2020): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jec-2020-0021.

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Abstract Research purpose. Growth of illicit trade has markedly increased and caused damage to a multitude of economic, socio-economic and environmental outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of Hofstede’s country cultural dimensions on the attitudes towards illicit trade and the political will to counter the crime across countries. Design/Methodology/Approach. The 2018 Global Illicit Trade index published by the Economics Intelligence Unit for 62 countries is empirically analysed. Six hypotheses are built and tested across Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions. Findings. Th

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DiRienzo, Cassandra E., and Jayoti Das. "Illicit Trade and Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions." Economics and Culture 17, no. 2 (2020): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jec-2020-0021.

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AbstractResearch purpose. Growth of illicit trade has markedly increased and caused damage to a multitude of economic, socio-economic and environmental outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of Hofstede’s country cultural dimensions on the attitudes towards illicit trade and the political will to counter the crime across countries.Design/Methodology/Approach. The 2018 Global Illicit Trade index published by the Economics Intelligence Unit for 62 countries is empirically analysed. Six hypotheses are built and tested across Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions.Findings. The r

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Pesce, Amadeo. "Illicit Drug Use Correlates with Negative Urine Drug Test Results for Prescribed Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, and Morphine." Pain Physician 5;15, no. 5;9 (2011): E687—E692. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2012/15/e687.

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Background: A number of studies indicate that 10.8% - 34% of patients with chronic pain use illicit drugs. One hypothesis for this occurrence is that some patients may be supplementing their prescription medications with illicit drugs. Objective: The primary purpose of this retrospective data analysis was to test the hypothesis that people whose urine specimens are positive for the medications that have been listed as being prescribed to them are positive for fewer illicit substances than those whose specimens were negative for their prescribed medications. The secondary purpose of the study w

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Bikelis, Skirmantas. "Prosecution for illicit enrichment: the Lithuanian perspective." Journal of Money Laundering Control 20, no. 2 (2017): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-07-2016-0029.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present and analyse the issues with which Lithuania is faced through its introduction of a modern legal mechanism for a more efficient confiscation of the proceeds of crime – the criminalization of illicit enrichment. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses issues raised in the Constitutional Court of Lithuania concerning the constitutionality of the country’s Criminal Code, as amended, by means of which illicit enrichment has been criminalized. Then, developments in and statistics for prosecutions and convictions for illicit enrichment are presen

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Pitts, John. "Covid-19, county lines and the seriously “left behind”." Journal of Children's Services 15, no. 4 (2020): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-06-2020-0024.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to suggest how the Covid-19 lockdown may affect illicit drug users and vulnerable children and young people who become involved in County lines drug dealing. Design/methodology/approach This is an “opinion piece” based on data released by central and local government departments and voluntary sector sources concerning the impact of the Covid-19 restrictions on illicit drug users and vulnerable children and young people. The data is augmented with information from recent discussions with police officers, youth workers and social workers in a London borough.

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Macamo, Rafael da Cruz, and Talatu Jalloh. "Illicit financial flows in Mozambique’s natural resource sector: The effect of macroeconomic factors." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 11 (2022): e149111133409. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.33409.

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The study investigates the illicit financial flows from the natural resource sector in Mozambique with a particular focus on the effect of macroeconomic factors. Relying on quarterly time series data (2008Q1-2019Q4), the study adopted the ARDL estimation procedure and a granger causality test for the purpose of analysis. From the results, it was revealed that real exchange rate and government budget deficit have a significant and positive effect on illicit financial flows from the natural resource sector in the long run. However, the short-run inflation as well as the government budget deficit

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Naheem, Mohammed Ahmad. "Illicit financial flows: HSBC case study." Journal of Money Laundering Control 21, no. 2 (2018): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-08-2015-0036.

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Purpose This paper provides examples of how illicit financial flows (IFFs) are occurring through the formal banking and financial services sector. The purpose of this paper is to explore which elements of anti-money laundering (AML) compliance need to be addressed to strengthen the banking response and reduce the impact of IFFs within the banking sector. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a number of sources of secondary data including the Swiss leaks data for HSBC and also the Permanent Sub Committee Report on HBUS in the USA, the OECD report on money laundering compliance and Financi

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Bullard, Ashley R. "Neither Licit nor Illicit." Contemporary Drug Problems 45, no. 3 (2018): 262–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450918789415.

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Cognition enhancers—drugs used to enhance cognition in healthy people—have generated a substantial amount of debate in the academic literature. In these debates, cognition enhancers are considered to promise (or threaten) to drastically change society. Cognition enhancers, as a “new breed of drugs,” are significant as they disrupt the licit–illicit binary maintained in the moral logic of pharmaceutical legitimacy. Cognition enhancers, despite putatively going beyond the legitimate purpose of restoring health, are not considered illicit. Their specificity positions them differently from medical

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Cooper, Norlissa M., Audrey Lyndon, Monica R. McLemore, and Ifeyinwa V. Asiodu. "Social Construction of Target Populations: A Theoretical Framework for Understanding Policy Approaches to Perinatal Illicit Substance Screening." Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 23, no. 1 (2021): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15271544211067781.

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Perinatal illicit substance use is a nursing and public health issue. Current screening policies have significant consequences for birthing individuals and their families. Racial disparities exist in spite of targeted and universal screening policies and practices. Thus, new theoretical approaches are needed to investigate perinatal illicit substance use screening in hospital settings. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the social construction of target populations theory in the context of perinatal illicit substance use screening. Using the theoretical insights of this theory to inte

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Darcy, Clay. "Men and the Drug Buzz: Masculinity and Men’s Motivations for Illicit Recreational Drug Use." Sociological Research Online 25, no. 3 (2019): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780419879940.

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The purpose of this article is to explore the motivations behind some men’s recreational use of illicit drugs from a gender standpoint. The rationale for this analysis stems from men’s predominance as illicit drug users and their likelihood of experiencing problem drug use and becoming a part of an over-represented population in drug treatment services. Explanations for men’s problematic/addicted patterns of drug use often point to marginalisation, disadvantage, and/or men’s tendency towards problematic health behaviours. This article argues that men’s illicit recreational drug use is often gl

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Roy, Debasish. "IS – LM model revisited in the perspective of underground economy." Journal of Money Laundering Control 20, no. 3 (2017): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-08-2016-0039.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the investment-savings, liquidity-money (IS–LM) model used in the traditional macroeconomic theory as an important tool to analyze the dynamics of product and money market. The IS curve represents product market equilibrium condition and the LM curve represents money market equilibrium condition. However, the traditional IS–LM model was formulated mainly keeping in mind the dynamics of the product and money markets of developed economies. Thus, there was an urgent need to explore the pre-established IS–LM model in the light of existing enormous, i

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King, Michael. "Policing the illicit trade of tobacco in Australia." Journal of Financial Crime 26, no. 1 (2019): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-12-2017-0121.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify factors that have led to the rebirthing of the illicit cultivation of tobacco in Australia known as chop-chop. Limited research has been conducted on the Commonwealth policing of tobacco-related criminal activity, but no prior studies have investigated domestic cultivation since the tobacco farming ceased legal production. Design/methodology/approach To fill the void of the literature, this study used data collected from Australian Government publications, court cases and newspapers to develop an understanding of the financial aspects and polici

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Bohoslavsky, Juan Pablo. "Tax-related illicit financial flows and human rights." Journal of Financial Crime 25, no. 3 (2018): 750–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-04-2017-0029.

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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the tax-related illicit financial flows from a human rights perspective. It argues that curbing illicit financial flows, and specifically tax abuse, is essential not only for realizing human rights but also for achieving the sustainable development goals. It provides definitions of tax evasion and avoidance, as well as estimations of illicit financial flows. It studies the tax abuse implications for human rights and sustainable development, as well as the obligations in the field of human rights and tax abuse. It also critically assesses the recent internatio

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Muzaki, Hanif. "Illicit Enrichment dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi." Jurist-Diction 4, no. 4 (2021): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jd.v4i4.28455.

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AbstractCorruption can be said to be the biggest problem in Indonesia at this time, as evidenced by the rampant of the corruption cases that occur mainly among the elite or public officials. Indonesia had ratified the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) through Law No. 7 of 2006. In the convention, several methods can be used to strengthen the eradication of corruption for state parties, one of which is the illicit enrichment method. Even though Indonesia had ratified the UNCAC but legally in Indonesia does not have any rules about illicit enrichment. The purpose of this paper

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Maples, Caitlin. "Future Lives and Deaths with Purpose: Perspectives on Capacity, Character, and Intent." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 49, no. 5 (2024): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhae030.

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Abstract The articles in this issue of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy explore emerging technologies, medical innovations, and shifting moral norms, expanding present discussions around topics in bioethics both old and new. Some question whether novel definitions of death and harm change the moral permissibility of killing, particularly at the hands of a physician. Others question how increased or decreased abilities affect responsibility and achievement. Another illustrates how rhetorical appeals to character have been used to justify otherwise morally illicit actions within the clinic

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Lin, Jhe-Ping, Shi-Ying Gao, and Chih-Chuan Lin. "The Clinical Presentations of Nitrous Oxide Users in an Emergency Department." Toxics 10, no. 3 (2022): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10030112.

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Today, the concomitant abuse of nitrous oxide (N2O) and illicit drugs is evident and problematic. However, there are few reports regarding the clinical manifestations of N2O users when they present to the emergency department (ED). The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentations, the associated illicit substances used in combination, and the outcomes in N2O users visiting the ED. This was a retrospective observational cohort study. All N2O adult users admitted to the ED at Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 2012 and 2020 were included. Demographic variables, clini

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Gilmore, William, Colin Warbrick, and Dominic McGoldrick. "I. Drug Trafficking at Sea: the Case of R. v. Charrington and Others." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 49, no. 2 (2000): 477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300064253.

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In 1991 the United Kingdom became a Party to the 1988 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, one of the purposes of which is “to improve international co-operation in the suppression of illicit traffic by sea”.1 Article 17 of that Convention has, as its central purpose, the establishment of international standards, procedures and practices designed to facilitate the obtaining of enforcement jurisdiction whereas Article 4 addresses the closely associated issue of prescriptive jurisdiction.2 The Criminal Justice (International Co-operatio

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Ferreira, Mafalda, Margarida Gaspar de Matos, and José Alves Diniz. "THE INFLUENCE OF RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS ON TOBACCO, ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN ADOLESCENCE." Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 6, no. 1 (2013): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/13.06.06.

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The purpose of this study is to analyse the relation between risk and protective factor and substance use in adolescence, including tobacco use, drunkenness and consumption of illicit drugs. The sample included 3494 students, mean age 15 years old, in the 8th and 10th grades from the public school system, of primary and secondary schools in Portugal. Data collection was held within the HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) survey from 2010. For the purpose of this specific study, the questionnaire includes questions about risk and protective behaviors and substance use, namely tobacco

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Кorniienko, M. V. "Organizational and tactical principles of control supply of drugs and psychotropic substances." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 67 (January 16, 2022): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.67.53.

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The article considers the organizational and tactical principles of this form of control over the commission of a crime in the investigation of crimes in the field of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors, especially in their smuggling. The author reveals the concept, purpose, objectives and types of this event, the legal basis and organizational and tactical principles of controlled delivery. The author analyzes the content of regulations governing the controlled supply and highlights certain features that indicate the effectivenes

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Cassella, Stefan. "Illicit finance and money laundering trends in Eurasia." Journal of Money Laundering Control 22, no. 2 (2019): 388–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-01-2018-0003.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review recent examples of sophisticated money laundering operations involving financial institutions in Eurasia, including Russia and Moldova, and the resulting flow of licit and illicit capital from that part of the world to the UK, the USA, and other Western countries. Design/methodology/approach Relying on materials from publicly available sources, the study uses several case studies to illustrate various money laundering methods with a view toward identifying common elements and aspects of the schemes that might be considered new or innovative. Findi

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Ferigolo, Maristela, Airton T. Stein, Flavio D. Fuchs, and Helena M. T. Barros. "Influence of depression and early adverse experiences on illicit drug dependence: a case-control study." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 31, no. 2 (2009): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462009000200005.

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between depression and illicit drug dependence among a Latin-American population. METHOD: illicit drug dependent patients (n = 137) and controls (n = 274) were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies, in order to detect lifetime and current depressive disorder and illicit (cocaine, cannabis or inhalants) substance dependence. A regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio for drug dependence according to the diagnosis of depression. RESULTS: The lifetime diagnosis of depression (p = 0.001;

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Rampadio, Hamdan, Ana Fauzia, and Fathul Hamdani. "THE URGENCY OF ARRANGEMENT REGARDING ILLICIT ENRICHMENT IN INDONESIA IN ORDER TO ERADICATION OF CORRUPTION CRIMES BY CORPORATIONS." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 9, no. 2 (2022): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v9i2.17625.

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Along with the times, the motives or concept of corruption are increasingly complex and growing, as well as the increasing number of transnational crimes, it makes the world need regulations regarding illicit enrichment in legal products at the level of law to allow the imposition of legal sanctions for these crimes, including Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the practice of illicit enrichment in Indonesia and its comparison with other countries, as well as an analysis of the urgency of regulating illicit enrichment in Indonesian law as one of the most importan

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Ouattara, Niemtiah, Koffi Mathias Yao, Prisca Joelle Djoman Doubran, Ismael Angelo Sanogo, and Neme Antoine Tako. "Effect of illicit drug use on human behaviors in west Africa: cases of Grand-Bassam (Côte d'Ivoire)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 2 (2021): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i2.3.

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The use of illicit drug represents a growing danger to social, physical, emotional and job and institutional related problems affecting the well-being of Ivorian youth today. The purpose of this study was to investigated and evaluated the existing knowledge of illegal types of drug usage among youth groups and its associated behavioral disorders and effects in Grand-Bassam district (Côte d'Ivoire). Urine samples were collected from each participant, amongst targeted youth populations for analysis, participants (n=442), age (≥14 years), both genders were randomly selected. Basic information, ec

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Tulu, Diriba Adugna. "Rethinking the Penalty of Illicit Enrichment Crime in Ethiopia: Lessons from Comparative Analysis." Hasanuddin Law Review 6, no. 3 (2020): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v6i3.2410.

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The crime of illicit enrichment has been widely accepted as a useful mechanism for curbing corruption, both international and regional anti-corruption instruments. This article's main objective is to comparatively analyze the rationality and appropriateness of the penalty provided for illicit enrichment crime in the Ethiopian Corruption Crimes Proclamation compared with Hong Kong and Rwanda's legal regimes to draw some best lessons and way forwards for the identified problems. The article found that the Ethiopia Corruption Crimes Proclamation fails to set a minimum penalty limit and entails se

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Chang, Judy C., Cynthia L. Holland, Jill A. Tarr, et al. "Perinatal Illicit Drug and Marijuana Use." American Journal of Health Promotion 31, no. 1 (2016): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.141215-qual-625.

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Purpose. To assess use, screening, and disclosure of perinatal marijuana and other illicit drugs during first obstetric visits. Design. Observational study that qualitatively assesses provider screening and patient disclosure of substance use. Setting. Study sites were five urban outpatient prenatal clinics and practices located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Participants. Pregnant patients and obstetric providers were recruited as participants. Methods. We audio recorded patient-provider conversations during first obstetric visits and obtained patient urine samples for drug analyses. Audio reco

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Lauchs, Mark, and Rebecca Keane. "An analysis of the Australian illicit tobacco market." Journal of Financial Crime 24, no. 1 (2017): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-10-2015-0056.

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Purpose This paper aims to provide an overview of the illicit tobacco market in Australia. It attempts to build a picture of the sources of demand, size of the market and methods of supply. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on collation of disparate government reports, industry research, media and court documents. It is a preliminary paper in the absence of better source data. Findings The market is driven by the extremely high tax on tobacco in Australia. Australia’s geography emphasises on large shipments from overseas rather than small-scale smuggling. The likely market is for

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Judijanto, Loso, Qubaila Fazrin Ega Soraya, Urip Sudiana, and Himawan Sutanto. "Risk Analysis of Money Laundering through Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) in International Business." West Science Business and Management 2, no. 04 (2024): 1197–205. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsbm.v2i04.1510.

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The misuse of Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) in international business has emerged as a significant risk in global money laundering schemes. This study explores the mechanisms, risk factors, and regulatory challenges associated with SPVs, emphasizing their dual role as legitimate financial instruments and potential tools for illicit financial activities. A comprehensive literature review highlights key vulnerabilities, including opaque ownership structures, jurisdictional arbitrage, and regulatory inconsistencies. The findings underscore the necessity of enhanced transparency, international c

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Azimi, Shamim, and Aristides Docoslis. "Recent Advances in the Use of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Illicit Drug Detection." Sensors 22, no. 10 (2022): 3877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103877.

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The rapid increase in illicit drug use and its adverse health effects and socio-economic consequences have reached alarming proportions in recent years. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a highly sensitive analytical tool for the detection of low dosages of drugs in liquid and solid samples. In the present article, we review the state-of-the-art use of SERS for chemical analysis of illicit drugs in aqueous and complex biological samples, including saliva, urine, and blood. We also include a review of the types of SERS substrates used for this purpose, pointing out recent

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Kuklin, Aleksandr, and Aleksey Klevakin. "Influence of Illegal Distribution of Drugs on the Socioeconomic Situation in the Region." Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia 15, no. 3 (2019): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/1999-9836-2019-10072.

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The Object of the Study. Drug situation in the region.The Subject of the Study. Illicit drug trafficking and measures to localize the distribution.The Purpose of the Study. Assessment of the impact of illicit drug trafficking on the economic security of the subjects of the Ural Federal District, the forecast of changes in the drug situation.The Main Provisions of the Article. The article deals with the issues of illicit trafficking in psychoactive substances in the region by the example of the Ural Federal District (Ural Federal District). A methodological toolkit for assessing the socioeconom

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Gulder Altuner, Ozlem, and Gorkem Yararbas. "Investigation of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Coping Strategies in Turkish Adults under Probation." Health & Social Care in the Community 2024 (May 17, 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8953611.

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Purpose. The aim of the study was to examine the relationships of early maladaptive schemas, overcompensation, and avoidant behaviors with sociodemographic, psychological, legal, and substance use status of individuals under probation due to illicit substance use. Methods. The data of this cross-sectional study were collected from adults under probation through self-report. The dependent variables were early maladaptive schemas, overcompensation, and avoidant behaviors. Sociodemographic, legal, and psychological characteristics and characteristics related to illicit substance use were the inde

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Aminah, Siti. "Sosialisai Produk Hukum Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika dan P4GN (Pencegahan, Pemberantasan, Penyalahgunaan dan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba) Dewan Pengurus Cabang Pengajian Ahad Wage Perempuan Bangsa Kota Kediri." Keris: Journal of Community Engagement 3, no. 2 (2023): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55352/keris.v3i2.680.

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Socialization of legal products in the form of Law No. 35 of 2009 on narcotics and socialization of P4GN (Prevention, eradication, abuse and illicit drug trafficking). This activity is a form of community service as an effort to know and understand the consequences of punishment for drug addicts, abuse and illicit drug trafficking contained in Law No. 35 of 2009 on narcotics. In order to prevent the eradication, abuse and illicit circulation of drugs that can harm, endanger the joint life of society, nation, and state. It requires knowledge, understanding related to the dangers of drugs. The f

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Ubaidila, Atta Syach, Herry Liyus, and Tri Imam Munandar. "Kebijakan Hukum Pidana terkait Illicit Enrichment Sebagai Upaya Pemulihan Aset Negara." PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law 5, no. 1 (2024): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v5i1.31791.

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The purpose of this research is to find out and examine how future criminal law policies related to illicit enrichment as an effort to recover state assets in Indonesia. The formulation of the problem in this study is how criminal law policy related to illicit enrichment as an effort to recover state assets. This research uses a type of Normative Judicial research, which is writen by analyzing and examining legal materials such as literature studies, legal literature, and laws and regulations related to research. The results of the study found that Indonesia has not yet made illicit enrichment

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Schlenther, Bernd Otto. "Addressing illicit financial flows in Africa." Journal of Financial Crime 23, no. 4 (2016): 1074–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-01-2016-0002.

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Purpose This paper aims to identify the underlying key components of illicit financial flows (IFFs) and highlights the priority areas where government resources should be pooled under a whole of government approach to mitigate the risks posed by IFFs. These areas are tax avoidance and tax evasion (specifically intra-company profit shifting, investment and profit shifting within the extractive sector, fraud and beneficial ownership), anti-corruption measures, governance and accountability measures, anti-money laundering effectiveness and effectiveness in the detection of falsified customs decla

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Tatara, Beny Abukhaer, Suhirwan Suhirwan, and Mochammad Afifuddin. "The economic impact of asymmetric warfare through illicit drug trafficking in Indonesia." Journal of Enterprise and Development 5, no. 1 (2023): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/jed.v5i1.6802.

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Purpose — This research aims to analyze the economic impact of asymmetric warfare through illicit drug trafficking in Indonesia.Method — This research uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques using interviews and literature studies. Researchers conduct interviews with officials related to the National Narcotics Board with 10 people and officials from the Defense Potential Directorate of the Indonesian Ministry of Defense with 2 people.Result — Illicit drug trafficking in Indonesia has an impact on the national resilience of the Indonesian nation. The impact covers all aspects

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Bone, Melissa, Gary Potter, and Axel Klein. "Introduction: cultivation, medication, activism and cannabis policy." Drugs and Alcohol Today 18, no. 2 (2018): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-03-2018-0014.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce the special issue on Illicit Cannabis Cultivation in a Time of Policy Change. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews some of the different adaptations made by cannabis growers in countries where cannabis has not been legalised. Findings Cannabis growers are adjusting to different legal settings by focusing on home production. Participation in cultivation is a crime, but can also be activism: an effort to change the law. Medical use of cannabis is a particularly important driver here. Having to break the law to alleviate symptoms and trea

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Moorman, Ted C. "Kleptocracy and foreign corruption manifesting in illicit financial flows." Journal of Financial Crime 25, no. 3 (2018): 681–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-02-2017-0008.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the place of kleptocracy and foreign corruption within the broader framework of financial crime. This facilitates understanding the importance of kleptocracy and foreign corruption as social problems. Two other aims are to better understand the most problematic components of a kleptocratic network and the most effective combatants of that network. A subsequent goal is to offer solutions from a broad range of interventions, including policy, technology, education, research and collaborative efforts. Design/methodology/approach Theoretical economi

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Holovkin, Bohdan. "About corruption in the private sector." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.4.2020.62.

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The article considers the problem of corruption in the private sector of Ukraine’s economy. According to the World Research ofEconomic Crimes and Fraud 2020, 47 % of Ukrainian companies have suffered from illegal misappropriation, bribery and corruptionin the last 24 months. Despite the serious damage from corruption to business and the national economy, this problem remains poorlyunderstood in Ukraine.Corruption in the private sector exists in two forms: 1) bribery in the commercial interests of officials and employees of privatesector entities, as well as civil servants or persons providing

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Macdonald, Scott. "The Role of Drugs in Workplace Injuries: Is Drug Testing Appropriate?" Journal of Drug Issues 25, no. 4 (1995): 703–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269502500404.

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In the past decade, many employers have adopted drug-testing programs to reduce workplace injuries. However, little scientific evidence shows that drug use is a significant and substantial cause of total workplace injuries. The purpose of this study was to empirically assess the role of drugs and alcohol in causing workplace injuries. Questionnaires were received from 882 Ontario employees in a household survey. Results showed that many variables were significantly related to job injuries. The variables were ranked according to the relative importance of each variable's contribution to total j

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Hubytskyy, Lyubomyr. "THE ILLICIT TRADE IN KYIV PROVINCE AT THE HALF PAST OF THE ХІХ CENTURY". Problems of humanities. History, № 5/47 (27 березня 2021): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2312-2595.5/47.217758.

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Summary. The purpose of the article is to publish and analyze of literature and archival sources to identify components of the problem of illicit trade in the Kyiv Province in the first half of the 19th century. Research methodology – the principles of objectivity, scientificity, historicism, comparative method, methods of internal criticism of sources. The scientific novelty is that it is for the first time that the information from the framework of sources presented in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv, the State Archive of Kyiv Oblast and its analysis is introduced in

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Zhevlakov, E. I. "Classification of Valuable Minerals and other Natural Formations for the Purpose of Qualifying their Illicit Trafficking." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)) 1, no. 10 (2023): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2022.98.10.183-189.

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The article deals with the relevance of minerals and other natural formations to the subject of crimes, expressed in the illegal circulation of precious, semi-precious, colored ornamental stones from the standpoint of gemology, mineralogy, criminal and other legislation, science, and related problems of qualifying such crimes. Suggestions of a theoretical nature are made to improve the criminal legislation and the practice of its application. Responsibility for illegal trafficking of minerals and other natural formations that have increased value in the eyes of society is established by Articl

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Rysin, V., and N. Rysin. "Vulnerability of virtual assets to illicit financial flows." Economics, Entrepreneurship, Management 8, no. 1 (2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/eem2021.01.035.

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Over the last few years, virtual assets have become more widespread in the market, which has manifested itself both in the growth of transactions with them and in the rapid growth of the capitalization of the cryptocurrency market. The international community and individual governments have introduced regulations for the virtual asset market, but the degree of transparency remains low. This poses risks of using virtual assets as a tool for various schemes of money laundering or terrorist financing. The purpose of the article is to identify potential vulnerabilities of virtual currencies to the

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Endraswari, A. A. Mirah. "PENERAPAN BEBAN PEMBUKTIAN TERBALIK DALAM PERAMPASAN ILLICIT ENRICHMENT KAITANNYA DENGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA." Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 5, no. 2 (2016): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2016.v05.i02.p13.

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The way to prevention of corruption is to use the reversal burden of proof system to the official public wealth that is not fair ( illicit enrichment ), but in the implementation there is an indication against violation of human rights. This research will be discuss how rule about the reversal burden of proof in the penal law system of Indonesia ? and how to application the reversal burden of proof in deprivation the illicit enrichment which is related with the human rights ?. Method used in this research is normative law research. Data analysis is conducted on primary and secondary law materi

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Ramírez-Zamudio, Natalia. "Fines for Illegal Trade of Wild Fauna: A Difficult to Impose Sanction in Colombia?" Revista de Derecho Uninorte, no. 57 (July 7, 2022): 133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/dere.57.505.499.

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This research aimed to identify the causes of the low imposition of fines on the illegal trade of wild fauna in Colombia, and to identify how much of the responsibility falls on the current methodology that Colombian environmental authorities must use to calculate these fines (i.e., “Methodology for the Calculation of Fines for Infringement of the Environmental Normative”). For this purpose, a survey was applied to public officials belonging to Colombian environmental authorities. The results revealed that these entities have several reasons for not imposing fines on the illegal trade of wild

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Sorreda, Thomas, and Xavier Philippe. "“Business is business”: a journey into a French suburban drug-dealing bureaucratic gang." Society and Business Review 15, no. 3 (2020): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-09-2018-0102.

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Purpose Illegal companies remain an underexplored research avenue. Indeed, although extant literature has already discussed organizational analysis of illicit businesses from a marketing or an entrepreneurial point of view, few papers have focused on it. The purpose of this study is to explore and uncover the bureaucratic aspects of this kind of structure. To do so, this study intends to demonstrate that even the most hidden organizations in a given society are shaped by common representations orienting them toward well-disseminated models. Design/methodology/approach An ethno-sociological stu

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Arianda Owiti, John. "The Management of Adult Male Prisoners with Substance Use Disorders Presenting with Suspected Internal Concealment of Illicit Drugs: Challenges, Clinical Implications, and Best Practice Response." Journal of Addiction & Addictive Disorders 10, no. 4 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/aad-7276/100147.

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Purpose: Internal concealment as a means of trafficking illicit drugs into prison is common and exposes internal concealers to risk of intoxication and overdose death. The management of internal drug concealment is a medical emergency that remains a challenge to healthcare professionals and custodial officers in prison settings

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Obokata, Tom. "Illicit Cycle of Narcotics from a Human Rights Perspective." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 25, no. 2 (2007): 159–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016934410702500202.

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The purpose of this article is to analyse the illicit cycle of narcotics within a human rights framework. It begins by illustrating the benefits of adopting a human rights framework, such as its ability to promote victim-centred and holistic approaches. The article then identifies key human rights issues such as poverty, forced labour, law enforcement practices and addiction to narcotics. It continues with an analysis of the nature and the extent of obligations imposed upon States. This article focuses on three categories of human rights obligations to address: 1) the supply of narcotics; 2) n

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García-Llave, Ruth, and Luis Eduardo Chávez Perdomo. "Asistencia mutua en el marco del Derecho internacional del Mar contra el tráfico ilícito de drogas por vía marítima: el caso de España y Colombia." REVISTA ELECTRÓNICA DE ESTUDIOS INTERNACIONALES 43, Junio 2022 (2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17103/reei.43.14.

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The United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances devotes Article 17 to combating illicit traffic by sea. It establishes a mechanism for the suppression of such activities when they are carried out outside the territorial sea of States in accordance with the International Law of the Sea. Among the tools envisaged is the possibility for the Parties to establish bilateral and multilateral agreements to make the provisions of the Convention more effective. Due to its location and geographical characteristics, Spain has become the gateway for drugs

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Umar, Bello, Martins Mustapha Abu, and Zayyanu Mohammed. "Strategies for preventing illicit financial flows in developing countries." Journal of Money Laundering Control 23, no. 3 (2020): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-02-2020-0017.

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Purpose This paper aims to critically review the strategies for prevention of illicit financial flows to and from developing countries with a view of ascertaining the most effective strategies to be selected and implemented by developing countries to stem the scourge. Design/methodology/approach The peer-reviewed journal articles were studied; those that discussed illicit financial flows were selected and reviewed critically using the systematic quantitative assessment techniques together with an output table. Findings The critical review deduced that enacting effective trade laws, trade regul

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