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1
Downing, Arthur. « The friendly planet : ‘Oddfellows’, networks, and the ‘British World’ c.1840–1914 ». Journal of Global History 7, no 3 (19 octobre 2012) : 389–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022812000253.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractBritish clubs and societies spread around the English-speaking world in the long nineteenth century. This article focuses on one particularly large friendly society, the Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows (MU), which by 1913 had more than a thousand lodges around the world, especially concentrated in Australia and New Zealand. The MU spread so widely because of micro-social and macro-social forces, both of which this article investigates. It also examines the transfer of members, funds, and information between different districts of the society, and argues that such transfers may have smoothed internal and long-distance migration.
2
Donfried, Karen. « Three Looks at German Foreign Policy before September 11 : A Landscape Shifts ». German Politics and Society 20, no 4 (1 décembre 2002) : 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503002782385327.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Wolf-Dieter Eberwein and Karl Kaiser, Germany’s New Foreign Policy: Decision-Making in an Independent World (Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001)Adrian Hyde-Price, Germany & European Order: Enlarging NATO and the EU (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000)Matthias Kaelberer, Money and Power in Europe: The Political Economy of European Monetary Cooperation (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001)
3
Marziani, P., C. A. Negrete, D. Dultzin, M. L. Martinez-Aldama, A. Del Olmo, D. Esparza, J. W. Sulentic et al. « Highly accreting quasars : a tool for cosmology ? » Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S324 (septembre 2016) : 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316012655.
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AbstractHighly accreting quasars are possible cosmological probes, as their Eddington ratio is expected to saturate toward values of order unity. We present preliminary estimates of redshift- independent source luminosities and the Hubble diagram for quasars in the redshift range 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 2.6.
4
Ipser, Alberta, Diana Paunoiu et Elliot D. Freeman. « Telling the time with audiovisual speech and non-speech : Does the brain use multiple clocks ? » Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012) : 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646370.
Texte intégralRésumé :
It has often been claimed that there is mutual dependence between the perceived synchrony of auditory and visual sources, and the extent to which they perceptually integrate (‘unity assumption’: Vroomen and Keetels, 2010; Welsh and Warren, 1980). However subjective audiovisual synchrony can vary widely between subjects (Stone, 2001) and between paradigms (van Eijk, 2008). Do such individual differences in subjective synchrony correlate positively with individual differences in optimal timing for integration, as expected under the unity assumption? In separate experiments we measured the optimal audiovisual asynchrony for the McGurk illusion (McGurk and MacDonald, 1976), and the stream-bounce illusion (Sekuler et al., 1997). We concurrently elicited either temporal order judgements (TOJ) or simultaneity judgements (SJ), in counterbalanced sessions, from which we derived the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS). For both experiments, the asynchrony for maximum illusion showed a significant positive correlation with PSS derived from SJ, following the unity assumption. But surprisingly, the analogous correlation with PSS derived from TOJ was significantly negative. The temporal mechanisms for this pairing of tasks seem neither unitary nor fully independent, but apparently antagonistic. A tentative temporal renormalisation mechanism explains these paradoxical results as follows: (1) subjective timing in our different tasks can depend on independent mechanisms subject to their own neural delays; (2) inter-modal synchronization is achieved by first discounting the mean neural delay within each modality; and (3) apparent antagonism between estimates of subjective timing emerges as the mean is attracted towards deviants in the unimodal temporal distribution.
5
Cuckovic, Aleksandar. « Magic roots of the aesthetic in art and technicity ». Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no 137 (2011) : 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1137521c.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In order to respond to the challenges that nature placed in front of him, man became more and more independent, and his relationship to the world grew more and more mediated. On quitting experiencing himself in the magic unity with the world, he invented the practices of technicity and religion, and, later, the one of art. In technicity, the objective aspect of the mediation of the world has been emphasized, and in the religion the subjective one. However, nostalgia for the lost magical unity would never cease to determine not only these, but all of the future practices as well. In that light, the very important integration of technical and aesthetic practice should be understood, the practice from which it has been expected to compensate the separation and the fragmentation of technical objects by their aesthetic networking and their technical reproduction.
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TURNER, MICHAEL S., et BERNARD J. CARR. « WHY SHOULD BARYONS AND EXOTIC RELIC PARTICLES HAVE COMPARABLE DENSITIES ? » Modern Physics Letters A 02, no 01 (janvier 1987) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732387000021.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Observations suggest that the mass density of the Universe is dominated, not by ordinary matter, but by exotic particles which are a relic of the Big Bang. In this case, a new dimensionless cosmological ratio arises, the ratio of the mass density in ordinary matter to that in exotic matter, whose value is about 0.1. A priori, it might seem remarkable that this ratio should be so close to unity. However, we point out that, for many exotic dark matter candidates, the ratio is related to the fundamental scales of particle physics. A value of order unity arises naturally provided rather simple relationships exist between these scales. If the exotic particles are of a kind whose relic abundance is determined by annihilations (e.g., the photino or a heavy neutrino), then the required relationship is already satisfied for independent, cosmological reasons.
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Decalo, Samuel. « African Personal Dictatorships ». Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no 2 (juin 1985) : 209–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0000015x.
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Nearly two decades ago Aristide Zolberg suggested that the most visible feature of independent Africa might well be instability and not stability, cleavage and conflict rather than unity and consensus. This observation holds equally true today. The elusive formula assuring the establishment of a viable and integrative political order has eluded many African states. Their failure politically to institutionalise themselves and to forge ahead in the direction of national integration and socio-economic development has been documented in the voluminous literature that has sprung up since Zolberg's original analysis. Ravaged now by natural disasters, international conflict or civil war, and military coups, early expectations of a relatively smooth transition from colonialism to meaningful independence have been dashed. While striking exceptions do exist, neither the richer nor the more developed nations are necessarily assured of stability and unity, given the continental context of scarcity and conflict.
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Rosenshield, Gary. « Chaos, Apocalypse, The Laws of Nature : Autonomy and “Unity” in Dostoevskii’s Idiot ». Slavic Review 50, no 4 (1991) : 879–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2500469.
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Addressing what he sees as serious disjunctures in characterization and narrative technique, Joseph Frank has called Idiot “the most disorganized,” of Fedor Dostoevskii’s major works. The first part of the novel so differs from the last three parts, Frank holds, that it may “best be read as an independent novella.” Although, undoubtedly, many subtle structural, thematic, and rhetorical elements tie the novel together, Idiot does seem at times to generate as much centrifugal as centripetal force. Tackling this issue head on, Robin Feuer Miller, with judicious use of reader-response theory, succeeds in imposing some order on the narrational disjunctures of the text, setting up a hierarchy of narrators and narrative personae. More problematic, however, is the question of point of view in the larger sense. In the Bakhtinian sense, point of view manifests itself in the relation between the different narrators of the novel as the autonomous voices of the characters and the narrator enter into an unfinished dialogue. The broader use of the term concerns the novel’s worldviews, or master plots, which variously govern and structure the presentation of character, story, and metaphor.
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GRIGORIEVA, NATALIE S., et GREGORY M. FRIDMAN. « ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS OF THE HELMHOLTZ EQUATION CONCENTRATED NEAR THE AXIS OF A DEEP-WATER WAVEGUIDE IN A RANGE-INDEPENDENT MEDIUM ». Journal of Computational Acoustics 12, no 01 (mars 2004) : 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x04002171.
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To derive the integral representation for the axial wave describing the interference of near-axial waves in an arbitrary deep-water waveguide in a range-independent medium in long-range acoustic propagation in the ocean, it is necessary to construct the solutions of the homogeneous Helmholtz equation concentrated near the waveguide axis in a narrow strip having a width of order ω-1/2, where ω is a cyclic frequency. In a range-independent (separable) case the desired solutions coincide with the principal term of the uniform asymptotic expansion as ω→∞ of normal modes when a mode number is a value of order of unity. In this paper, the solutions of the homogeneous Helmholtz equation concentrated near the waveguide axis in a range-independent ocean and which decrease exponentially outside a strip containing the axis are constructed in the form admitting generalization to the case of a range-dependent medium. The solutions are represented as the product of exponentials and parabolic cylinder functions whose arguments are infinite series in powers of ω-1/2. Coefficients of these series are found from a recurrent system of partial differential equations up to terms allowing to get a residual (difference between the left-hand side of the Helmholtz equation and zero) of order ω-1/2. Numerical results are obtained for medium parameters corresponding to the Munk canonical sound-speed profile.
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Tlemsani, Issam, Saleh Al Sarraf, Bader Alshowaier, Mosaed Alotaibi et Ahmad Al Semari. « Saudi Football Clubs Privatization Business Model ». International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 9, no 3 (25 juin 2019) : 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v9i3.14929.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research is an attempt to explore possible solutions to the privatization of Saudi football clubs. It examines the business models of legendary internationally renowned football clubs i.e. Barcelona, Arsenal, Manchester City, and Juventus in order to select the best fit business model to implement in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The strategic vision of KSA’s 2030 is to privatize Saudi football clubs and detach them from any government involvement and make them financially independent like other successful international clubs. The purpose of this research is to provide a pathway to facilitate the Saudi Government’s 2030 vision to diversify the Saudi economy, generate income and to establish multiple revenue streams for Saudi football clubs, so they can be fully independent and not rely on any support from the government.In this research, we chose four successful international clubs; and analyze their business model. From there we chose the best fit business model that can be implemented into Saudi football clubs to start confidently when they privatize.
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Zhang, Hua Qiang, Peng Fei Wei et Wei Wei Li. « Study on Simulation of Three-Phase Z-Source Inverter for Grid-Connected Wind Power Generation ». Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (novembre 2011) : 2018–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.2018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
For the special requirements of grid-connected inverter used in wind power generation system, a kind of three-phase Z-Source inverter operational principle is analyzed in this paper. Formulas for the design of main parameters under the control of constant duty cycle of shoot-through switching state are derived. Then the simulation models of SVPWM with shoot-through zero vectors are established by using Matlab/Simulink in order to control the switches of Z-Source inverter on and off. The independent control strategy of d-axis and q-axis currents is used to achieve a unity power factor grid-connected aim. Simulation results show that the theoretical analysis and the simulation models are validity.
12
Fisher, J. Chris, et Bernhard Schmidt. « Finite Fourier series and ovals in PG(2, 2h) ». Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 81, no 1 (août 2006) : 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700014610.
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AbstractWe propose the use of finite Fourier series as an alternative means of representing ovals in projective planes of even order. As an example to illustrate the method's potential, we show that the set {wj + w3j + w−3j: 0 ≤ j ≤ 2h} ⊂ GF (22h) forms an oval if w is a primitive (2h + 1)st root of unity in GF(22h) and GF(22h) is viewed as an affine plane over GF(2h). For the verification, we only need some elementary ‘trigonometric identities’ and a basic irreducibility lemma that is of independent interest. Finally, we show that our example is the Payne oval when h is odd, and the Adelaide oval when h is even.
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GALASSO, LUIGI. « OVID'S VARIATIONS ON ACHILLES IN THE METAMORPHOSES ». Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 47, no 1 (1 décembre 2004) : 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.2004.tb00243.x.
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Abstract In Ovid's Metamorphoses, Achilles' function, in a way, is to set up a common element for all the episodes of the Trojan War that are narrated or alluded to. He embodies in the most emblematic way the protagonist of epic poetry, a character that is a symbol for the heroic epos. The episodes which concern him are discussed, in order to demonstrate that the hasty and simplistic portrayal of him that has been given by many critics is inappropriate, and we should avoid defining, him as a merely negative figure. Actually, the structure of the narration should be perceived as a series of independent scenes. Unity is given by the constantly recurring theme of fame, of glory, which ultimately moulds life. Hence the absolutely decisive role of the poet who creates this reality.
14
Iyob, Ruth. « Regional Hegemony : Domination and Resistance in the Horn of Africa ». Journal of Modern African Studies 31, no 2 (juin 1993) : 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00011927.
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Contested territories and challenges to state sovereignty have become almost the norm in post-colonial Africa. The nexus of many of these conflicts resides in a status quo which gives primacy to territorial integrity over the right of peoples to self-determination. The comparative advantage thus accorded to sovereign states has resulted in a disequilibrium that legitimated the violation of both regionally and internationally sanctioned rules enshrined in the Organisation of African Unity (O.A.U.) and the United Nations (U.N.). Thus a normative bias in favour of the imperative of stability and order was justified by reference to the fragility of the newly independent régimes. In the process, the right of self-determination was narrowly interpreted to refer solely to those African peoples waging liberation struggles against European colonialism or white rule.
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Wanzenböck, Josef, Thomas Mehner, Michael Schulz, Hubert Gassner et Ian J. Winfield. « Quality assurance of hydroacoustic surveys : the repeatability of fish-abundance and biomass estimates in lakes within and between hydroacoustic systems ». ICES Journal of Marine Science 60, no 3 (1 janvier 2003) : 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1054-3139(03)00030-4.
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Abstract In order to obtain information on the repeatability of hydroacoustic estimates of abundance and biomass of the fish stocks in Stechlinsee (Germany) and Irrsee (Austria), we performed synchronised surveys in three expert teams using either two identical 120 kHz SIMRAD EY500 echosounders (Stechlinsee) or one such machine and a 200 kHz BioSonics DT6000 (Irrsee). At Stechlinsee, where the fish stock is dominated by Coregonus albula, the night surveys with vertical beaming were made along 12 transects with two boats, one following the other at a distance of approximately 300 m. Fish-density estimates from the two units were highly correlated, but the slope of the regression differed from the expected value of 1. The regression relating biomass estimates of the two expert teams also revealed a close correlation with the slope not being significantly different from unity. This pattern could be explained by the fact that the differences in abundance were due to small targets differentially encountered by the two teams and contributing only marginally to total fish biomass. Nevertheless, we found that the results of a single hydroacoustic survey can be reproduced reliably by an independent team using similar equipment. The comparison between different machines at Irrsee, where the fish stock is dominated by Coregonus lavaretus, was done at night with the two echosounders mounted on the same boat and running simultaneously without interference. The abundance estimates correlated significantly but more weakly than in the Stechlinsee exercise, although the echosounding systems differed in many technical specifications. Correlation of biomass estimates was found to be robust, with the slope of the regression not significantly different from unity. Hence, we found that simultaneous surveys by two expert teams using split-beam systems from completely independent manufacturers, differing in sound frequency, beam width and shape, pulse length, ping rate, acquisition software, and post-processing software, produce directly comparable biomass estimates.
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Andersen, Glen R., Christopher W. Swan, Charles C. Ladd et John T. Germaine. « Small-strain behavior of frozen sand in triaxial compression ». Canadian Geotechnical Journal 32, no 3 (1 juin 1995) : 428–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t95-047.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The stress–strain behavior of frozen Manchester fine sand has been measured in a high-pressure low-temperature triaxial compression testing system developed for this purpose. This system incorporates DC servomotor technology, lubricated end platens, and on-specimen axial strain devices. A parametric study has investigated the effects of changes in strain rate, confining pressure, sand density, and temperature on behavior for very small strains (0.001%) to very large (> 20%) axial strains. This paper presents constitutive behavior for strain levels up to 1%. On-specimen axial strain measurements enabled the identification of a distinct upper yield stress (knee on the stress–strain curve) and a study of the behavior in this region with a degree of precision not previously reported in the literature. The Young's modulus is independent of strain rate and temperature, increases slightly with sand density in a manner consistent with Counto's model for composite materials, and decreases slightly with confining pressure. In contrast, the upper yield stress is independent of sand density, slightly dependent on confining pressure (considered a second order effect), but is strongly dependent on strain rate and temperature in a fashion similar to that for polycrystalline ice. Key words : frozen sand, high-pressure triaxial compression, strain rate, temperature, modulus, yield stress.
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Bordes, José, Hong-Mo Chan et Sheung Tsun Tsou. « A first test of the framed standard model against experiment ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no 11 (16 avril 2015) : 1550051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15500517.
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The framed standard model (FSM) is obtained from the standard model by incorporating, as field variables, the frame vectors (vielbeins) in internal symmetry space. It gives the standard Higgs boson and 3 generations of quarks and leptons as immediate consequences. It gives moreover a fermion mass matrix of the form: m = mTαα†, where α is a vector in generation space independent of the fermion species and rotating with changing scale, which has already been shown to lead, generically, to up–down mixing, neutrino oscillations and mass hierarchy. In this paper, pushing the FSM further, one first derives to 1-loop order the RGE for the rotation of α, and then applies it to fit mass and mixing data as a first test of the model. With 7 real adjustable parameters, 18 measured quantities are fitted, most (12) to within experimental error or to better than 0.5 percent, and the rest (6) not far off. (A summary of this fit can be found in Table 2 of this paper.) Two notable features, both generic to FSM, not just specific to the fit, are: (i) that a theta-angle of order unity in the instanton term in QCD would translate via rotation into a Kobayashi–Maskawa phase in the CKM matrix of about the observed magnitude (J ~ 10-5), (ii) that it would come out correctly that mu < md, despite the fact that mt ≫ mb, mc ≫ ms. Of the 18 quantities fitted, 12 are deemed independent in the usual formulation of the standard model. In fact, the fit gives a total of 17 independent parameters of the standard model, but 5 of these have not been measured by experiment.
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JUMARIE, GUY. « SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION FOR QUANTUM FRACTAL SPACE–TIME OF ORDER n VIA THE COMPLEX-VALUED FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN MOTION ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, no 31 (20 décembre 2001) : 5061–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01005468.
Texte intégralRésumé :
First remark: Feynman's discovery in accordance of which quantum trajectories are of fractal nature (continuous everywhere but nowhere differentiable) suggests describing the dynamics of such systems by explicitly introducing the Brownian motion of fractional order in their equations. The second remark is that, apparently, it is only in the complex plane that the Brownian motion of fractional order with independent increments can be generated, by using random walks defined with the complex roots of the unity; in such a manner that, as a result, the use of complex variables would be compulsory to describe quantum systems. Here one proposes a very simple set of axioms in order to expand the consequences of these remarks. Loosely speaking, a one-dimensional system with real-valued coordinate is in fact the average observation of a one-dimensional system with complex-valued coordinate: It is a strip modeling. Assuming that the system is governed by a stochastic differential equation driven by a complex valued fractional Brownian of order n, one can then obtain the explicit expression of the corresponding covariant stochastic derivative with respect to time, whereby we switch to the extension of Lagrangian mechanics. One can then derive a Schrödinger equation of order n in quite a direct way. The extension to relativistic quantum mechanics is outlined, and a generalized Klein–Gordon equation of order n is obtained. As a by-product, one so obtains a new proof of the Schrödinger equation.
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JINGHONG, TAO, et VADIM KUZMIN. « THE CONSTRUCTION OF NATION-STATE IN CHINA IN THE 20TH CENTURY ». History and modern perspectives 2, no 3 (30 septembre 2020) : 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2020-2-3-29-34.
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At the transition of the new century and the old, China faced the gunboat diplomacy of Western powers. The traditional Chinese «Tianxia» (天下) order was destroyed and disintegrated. China began to realize the existence of an international political order composed of nation states. In the face of imperialism devouring the land of China, Chinese intellectuals realized that the reason why China was invaded is because China had not completed its modernization, and political modernization was the establishment of a nation-state system to participate in the fierce national competition in modern times. Only the establishment of a nation-state could maintain China’s independence and territorial integrity. In this context, Liang Qichao, as a representative of constitutional monarchy, proposed the notion of «the Chinese Nation» (中华民族), with the effort to unite all ethnic groups in China against imperialist aggression and save Qing Dynasty from peril. Sun Yatsen put forward the idea of «Five Races Under One Union» (五族共和), and under this calling, the political forces of the North and South reached a consensus and finally a multi-ethnic bourgeois republic of China was established in 1912. Fei Xiaotong’s concept of «The Pattern of the Chinese Nation's Pluralistic Unity» (中华民族多元一体格局) was proposed after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, emphasized national diversity, unity and equality. This article takes these three political activists’ national theories as analysis objects to sort out the process of how China transitioned from the old empire into a modern nation-state. Through this analysis, I hope to understand the emergence and nature of modern China as an independent subject in international relations.
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Cánovas, M., I. Alhama et F. Alhama. « Mathematical Characterization of Bénard-Type Geothermal Scenarios Using Discriminated Non-dimensionalization of the Governing Equations ». International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 16, no 1 (1 février 2015) : 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2014-0068.
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AbstractThe classical non-dimensionalization process of governing equations is a low-cost method commonly applied for a first approximation to the dimensionless numbers that determine the solution patterns in many problems; however, this procedure fails in complex problems, where it is not even possible to define reference quantities – because they are not established in the statement of the problem – to make the dependent or independent variables dimensionless. The application of discrimination corrects this obstacle and allows suitable dimensionless groups to be defined. These, in turn, have two interesting properties: (i) they are of order of magnitude unity, and (ii) they have a clear meaning in terms of balance of physical quantities that counteract each other in a domain or sub-domain of the problem. In this paper, discriminated non-dimensionalization is applied to geothermal scenarios of Bénard-type convective flow, large horizontal boundary sides under a temperature gradient in porous media, to determine the dimensionless groups that control the steady temperature and stream patterns and, from these, the order of magnitude of the main unknowns of the problem. The results were checked numerically for many cases.
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Rahimabadi, Ahmad Akbari, Sundararajan Natarajan et Stephane Pa Bordas. « Vibration of Functionally Graded Material Plates with Cutouts & ; Cracks in Thermal Environment ». Key Engineering Materials 560 (juillet 2013) : 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.560.157.
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In this paper, the effect of a centrally located cutout (circular and elliptical) and cracksemanating from the cutout on the free flexural vibration behaviour of functionally graded materialplates in thermal environment is studied. The discontinuity surface is represented independent of themesh by exploiting the partition of unity method framework. A Heaviside function is used to capturethe jump in the displacement across the discontinuity surface and asymptotic branch functions areused to capture the singularity around the crack tip. An enriched shear flexible 4-noded quadrilateralelement is used for the spatial discretization. The properties are assumed to vary only in the thicknessdirection. The effective properties of the functionally graded material are estimated using the Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme and the plate kinematics is based on the first order shear deformationtheory. The influence of the plate geometry, the geometry of the cutout, the crack length, the thermalgradient and the boundary conditions on the free flexural vibration is numerically studied.
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Gosain, K. L., D. K. Chaturvedi, Irina V. Belova et Graeme E. Murch. « Vacancy-Wind Factors and Collective Correlation Factors in Nonstoichiometric B2 Intermetallic Compounds ». Defect and Diffusion Forum 251-252 (mars 2006) : 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.251-252.69.
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The six-jump-cycle (6JC) diffusion mechanism is used to analyze the behavior of vacancy-wind factors and collective correlation factors in partially ordered B2 intermetallic compounds at stoichiometric and near- stoichiometric compositions. Expressions for the vacancywind factors are obtained in the framework of the four-frequency model where the two sublattices exist a priori. The phenomenological coefficients on the two sublattices that remain hitherto independent in 6JC mechanism are connected through a microscopic detailed balance condition. The present results for collective correlation factors when compared with our earlier calculation based on taking the harmonic mean of the sublattice correlation factors show much better agreement with Monte Carlo simulation results. The collective correlation factors and tracer correlation factors are used to calculate the vacancy-wind factors. Our results for vacancy-wind factors agree qualitatively with the simulation data when the frequency ratio ( α ) of structural and antistructural atoms jumps decreases up to the order of unity.
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Hein, Patrick. « Riding with the Devils : China’s Role in the Cambodian and Sri Lankan Conflicts ». India Quarterly : A Journal of International Affairs 73, no 1 (1 février 2017) : 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928416683059.
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Cambodia and Sri Lanka are two tiny states where China has no major strategic stakes. Yet China has been a key regime ally to both regimes at a critical moment during the alleged genocides of 1975–1979 in Cambodia and of 2009 in Sri Lanka. While the failure of Western interventionist peace-building models has been widely discussed, the patterns and outcomes of Chinese non-intervention have not. How did China’s scrupulous respect for non-intervention affect the alleged genocides? The article supports the viewpoint that Chinese non-interference in both states was built on the notion that the building of an independent nation was a top priority in securing sovereignty, order and unity. Hence, China focused on bilateral military aid and economic development, whilst shielding both governments from external scrutiny and international accountability during and after the alleged genocides. China has since made efforts to address and resolve national conflicts through concerted United Nations (UN) procedures and mechanisms.
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FODOR, PETRU S., et MIRON KAUFMAN. « TIME EVOLUTION OF MIXING IN THE STAGGERED HERRINGBONE MICROCHANNEL ». Modern Physics Letters B 25, no 12n13 (30 mai 2011) : 1111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984911026826.
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Patterning ridges on the surface of microchannels has been found to be a viable strategy to induce mixing in straight channels, despite their characteristically small Reynolds numbers. In order to identify the fundamental characteristics of the advection process, we evaluate the time evolution of the Rényi entropy associated with the spatial distribution of tracers carried by an incompressible fluid moving through such channels. It is found that independent of the channel surface geometry and of the Reynolds number, the time evolution of the Rényi distributive entropy follows a universal behavior described by a logarithmic increase with time, with a slope close to unity. On the other hand, an analysis of the Shannon mixing entropy evaluated from the time evolution of the position of two tracer species moving through the channel, reveals a cross–over between two different mixing mechanisms: one dominated by the stretching of the interface between the flow regions containing different tracers, and the other dominated by chaotic mixing induced by counter-rotating transversal flows.
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Zhou, Xinyi. « Using Mind Maps to Construct Knowledge Systems ». Science Insights Education Frontiers 8, S1 (22 janvier 2021) : 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/sief.21.s1.ab017.
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Knowledge system structuring stands for the mutually supportive unified structure through the correlation and interaction of relevant things within the knowledge category, which is the unity of connotation and extension of the knowledge category’s related matters through the mutual connection and mutual restriction relationship. It is the arrangement of the logical relationship between the knowledge that has been constructed by itself and makes it an internal order. The construction of a knowledge system is of great significance for learners to improve learning efficiency, easily acquire knowledge, form independent thinking ability, cultivate the problem-solving ability, and realize intelligent learning. Subject mind mapping is a way to help learners construct a subject knowledge system. This article will explore how smart teachers design teaching, guide students to use subject mind maps to construct knowledge systems, and provide ideas and methods for frontline teachers to guide students to construct knowledge systems in teaching design and teaching implementation.
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SREENIVASAN, BINOD, et THIERRY ALBOUSSIÈRE. « Experimental study of a vortex in a magnetic field ». Journal of Fluid Mechanics 464 (10 août 2002) : 287–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002008959.
Texte intégralRésumé :
It is well-known that magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows behave differently from conventional fluid flows in two ways: the magnetic field makes the flow field anisotropic in the sense that it becomes independent of the coordinate parallel to the field; and the flow of liquid across the field lines induces an electric current, leading to ohmic damping. In this paper, an experimental study is presented of the long-time decay of an initially three-dimensional flow structure subject to a steady magnetic field, when the ratio of the electromagnetic Lorentz forces to the nonlinear inertial forces, quantified by the magnetic interaction parameter, N0, takes large as well as moderate values. This investigation is markedly different from previous studies on quasi-two-dimensional MHD flows in thin layers of conducting fluids, where only Hartmann layer friction held the key to the dissipation of the flow.The initial ‘linear’ phase of decay of an MHD flow, characterized by dominant Lorentz forces and modelled extensively in the literature, has been observed for the first time in a laboratory experiment. Further, when N0 is large compared to unity, a distinct regime of decay of a vortex follows this linear phase. This interesting trend can be explained in terms of the behaviour of the ratio of the actual magnitudes of the Lorentz to the nonlinear inertial forces – the true interaction parameter – which decreases to a constant of order unity towards the end of the linear phase of decay, and remains invariant during a subsequent ‘nonlinear’ phase.
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Guyo, Upenyu, Kudakwashe Sibanda, Edith Sebata, Fidelis Chigondo et Mambo Moyo. « Removal of nickel(II) from aqueous solution by Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) pods biomass ». Water Science and Technology 73, no 10 (8 février 2016) : 2301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The potential to remove nickel(II) ions from aqueous solution using a biosorbent prepared from Vigna unguiculata pods (VUPs) was investigated in batch experiments. The batch mode experiments were conducted utilising the independent variables of pH (2 to 8), contact time (5 to 120 min), dosage concentration (0.2 to 1.6 g), nickel(II) concentrations (10 to 80 mg L−1) and temperature (20 to 50°C). The biosorption data fitted best to the Freundlich biosorption model with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.993 and lowest chi-squared value of 31.89. The maximum sorption capacity of the VUP for nickel(II) was 27.70 mg g−1. Kinetics studies revealed that the biosorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model as it had the lowest sum of square error value (0.808) and correlation coefficient close to unity (R2 = 0.998). The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the biosorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Consequently, the study demonstrated that VUP biomass could be used as a biosorbent for the removal of nickel(II) from aqueous solution.
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Krijgsman, Rens. « An Inquiry into the Formation of Readership in Early China : Using and Producing the *Yong yue 用曰 and Yinshu 引書 Manuscripts ». T’oung Pao 104, no 1-2 (28 juin 2018) : 2–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10412p02.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The material features of the Shanghai Museum *Yong yue 用曰 and Zhangjiashan Yinshu 引書 manuscripts structure their texts in ways different from each other, inviting questions on production methods and the influence of form on the reception of content. I provide an overview of developments in manuscript formatting, noting a gradual development towards increased visual formatting in manuscripts over time. The article examines what the use of codicological features such as manuscript materiality, layout, and punctuation reveal about manuscript production and how these translate to the reception and understanding of text. It analyzes how such features in the two manuscripts contribute to a sense of textual unity, order their respective contents, and facilitate different modes of reading such as vocalization, memorization, browsing, and linear reading. I propose that developments in manuscript formatting increasingly facilitated visually clearer, context-independent, and text-centered modes of reading, allowing for a dynamic involvement of readers with the modes of engagement structurally favored by the manuscripts. This, in turn, possibly reveals broader shifts towards the formation of readership in Early China.
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Najamuddin, Ismail. « Upaya Peralihan Pengelolaan Air Traffic Controller Dari PT. Angkasa Pura ke Pemerintah ». WARTA ARDHIA 37, no 4 (30 décembre 2011) : 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/wa.v37i4.187.401-417.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The formation or mangement transition of Air Traffic Control or Air Traffic Services (ATC/ ATS) policy in reference to the Law Number 1 of Year 2009 on Aviation, in article 271 paragraph (1) and (2) and (4), international regulation of ICAO Document 9 191 / 3 Manual on Air Navigation Services Economy as well as other related regulations and policies in participating the increase of aviation safety and service quality, Air Traffic Services performance and Airport Service in entire national air space. In order to make transition formation of Air Traffic Control/Air Traffic Services management to the goverment, it is necessary to do steps to review some aspects as follow : legal/regilation aspect, institutional/organization al aspect and operational/service aspect. Management of Air Traffic Control/Air Traffic Services (ATC/ATS) has to be caharacterized as public services, reducing bureaucracy, integrated service, non-profit oriented and financially independent and organizationally effective and efficient in atool to create unity and entity as well as state's security. The unitary Stafe of Republic of Indonesia has be run by the goverment nationally in a single container.
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Junaeda, Siti. « THE CONCEPT OF NATIONALIZATION OF NADJAMOEDDIN DAENG MALEWA IN SOUTH SULAWESI ON 1907-1947 ». Historia : Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah 12, no 1 (23 juillet 2018) : 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/historia.v12i1.12125.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The ideas of Nationalism in South Sulawesi were marked by the incorporation of national organizations that have formed branches in Makasar. Makasar was not only a city of the center of administration or the center of politics, but also as a barometer for the eastern Indoneisa areas to be a designated area of various national organizations. Sarekat Isalm was the first modern organization built in Makasar in the 1916, followed by Muhammadiyah, Assiratal Mustaqim, NU, PKI, PNI, PARTINDO, PARINDRA et cetera. Apart from being the designation of the national organization to open their chapters, in South Sulawesi have appeared regional organizations, such as the Celebes Organization, which then transformed into Celebes Party, and South Celebes Organization. The utilization and translation of ideas of nationalism in South Sulawesi can be traces from the principles or working program for each and every organization.Nadjamoeddin is one of the moving figures in South Sulawesi who has actively participated in the expansion of the idea of nationalism and nationality by being active in local or national organizations of political party. He has build unity in realizing the national movement through organization or local and national parties such as Celebes Organization, Celebes Party, Parindra, dan South Celebes Party. In a few of his writings and speeches he believes that in order to achieve prosperity for the whole Sulawesi people particularly and Indonesia in general, and therefore there are three important things to attain. First: The unity of any and all nations; Second: Equal education for all; and Third: A strong economic system. Three of these matters have become the important conditions to achieve a strong and independent country.
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Fernández-Feria, R., et J. Fernández De La Mora. « Shock wave structure in gas mixtures with large mass disparity ». Journal of Fluid Mechanics 179 (juin 1987) : 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112087001411.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The structure of normal shock waves is considered when the ratio of molecular masses mp/m of a binary mixture of inert monatomic gases is large and the density ratio ρp/ρ is of order unity or below. Generalized hydrodynamic equations, valid for arbitrary intermolecular potentials, are obtained from a hypersonic closure of the kinetic equation for the heavy gas and a near-equilibrium closure for the light component. Because the Prandtl number of the light gas and the Schmidt number of the mixture are nearly constant, the only independent transport coefficient arising in the model is the viscosity μ of the light gas, which is absorbed into a new independent position variable s. Knowledge of μ as a function of temperature thus determines the shock structure independently from the details of the intermolecular potential, allowing comparison with experiments in the complete absence of free parameters. In terms of the ratio M (frozen Mach number) between the speed of propagation and the sound speed of the light gas in the unperturbed medium, one finds that: (i) When M > 1, the behaviour is similar to that of a ‘dusty gas’, with a broad relaxation layer (outer solution) following a sharp boundary layer through which the speed of the heavy gas is almost constant (a shock within a shock). (ii) When (1 + ρp/ρ)s−½ < M < 1, the boundary layer disappears, yielding a so-called ‘fully dispersed wave’. (iii) Because the internal energy of the heavy gas is negligible, the present problem differs from previous shock studies in that, for the first time, the structure of the relaxation region is obtained algebraically in phase space, thus permitting an exhaustive study of the behaviour. From it, the overshooting solution found by Sherman (1960) is related to the unphysical degenerate branch of the outer solution arising when M > 1, showing a failure of the Chapman–Enskog theory, even for weak shocks, when the heavy gas is dilute. Also, an algebraic explanation arises for the ‘double hump structure’ observed in He–Xe shocks. (iv) When M is nearly unity, the initial boundary layer spreads out, and the structure must be obtained by integration of a numerically unstable system of three differential equations. However, the reduction of order brought about by the weak variation of the light-gas entropy at the head of the shock, results in a stable system of equations that we integrate numerically. Excellent phase-space agreement with recent shock-tube experiments of Tarczynski, Herczynski & Walenta (1986) is found for both weak and strong shocks.
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Ajovalasit, M., et J. Giacomin. « Human subjective response to steering wheel vibration caused by diesel engine idle ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no 4 (1 avril 2005) : 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x11167.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study investigated the human subjective response to steering wheel vibration of the type caused by a four-cylinder diesel engine idle in passenger cars. Vibrotactile perception was assessed using sinusoidal amplitude-modulated vibratory stimuli of constant energy level (r.m.s. acceleration, 0.41 m/s2) having a carrier frequency of 26 Hz (i.e. engine firing frequency) and modulation frequency of 6.5 Hz (half-order engine harmonic). Evaluations of seven levels of modulation depth parameter m(0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) were performed in order to define the growth function of human perceived disturbance as a function of amplitude modulation depth. Two semantic descriptors were used (unpleasantness and roughness) and two test methods (the Thurstone paired-comparison method and the Borg CR-10 direct evaluation scale) for a total of four tests. Each test was performed using an independent group of 25 individuals. The results suggest that there is a critical value of modulation depth m = 0.2 below which human subjects do not perceive differences in amplitude modulation and above which the stimulus-response relationship increases monotonically with a power function. The Stevens power exponents suggest that the perceived unpleasantness is non-linearly dependent on modulation depth m with an exponent greater than 1 and that the perceived roughness is dependent with an exponent close to unity.
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AN, XINMEI, GUOYANG FU et GUOWEI MA. « A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE NMM AND THE XFEM IN DISCONTINUITY MODELING ». International Journal of Computational Methods 09, no 02 (juin 2012) : 1240030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876212400300.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Discontinuities such as voids, cracks, material interfaces, and joints widely exist in nature. Conventional finite element method (FEM) requires the finite element mesh to coincide with the discontinuities, which often complicates the meshing task. When evolution of discontinuities are necessary, remeshing is inevitable, which makes the simulation tedious and time-consuming. In order to overcome such inconveniences, the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the generalized finite element method (GFEM) were developed by incorporating special functions into the standard finite element approximation space based on partition of unity. The finite element mesh is allowed to be totally independent of the discontinuities and remeshing is totally avoided for discontinuity evolution. The numerical manifold method (NMM) can also be viewed as an extension or generalization to the conventional FEM. Different from the XFEM/GFEM, the approximation in the NMM is based on covers. The NMM models discontinuities by its dual cover system. In this paper, a detailed comparison between the NMM and the XFEM in discontinuity modeling is presented. Their advantages and disadvantages are pointed out. How the dual cover system in the NMM favors the complex crack modeling is emphasized. Potential extensions to the XFEM and the NMM are suggested.
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Marinacci, Federico, Laura V. Sales, Mark Vogelsberger, Paul Torrey et Volker Springel. « Simulating the interstellar medium and stellar feedback on a moving mesh : implementation and isolated galaxies ». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 489, no 3 (7 septembre 2019) : 4233–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2391.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ABSTRACT We introduce the Stars and MUltiphase Gas in GaLaxiEs – SMUGGLE model, an explicit and comprehensive stellar feedback model for the moving-mesh code arepo. This novel sub-resolution model resolves the multiphase gas structure of the interstellar medium and self-consistently generates gaseous outflows. The model implements crucial aspects of stellar feedback including photoionization, radiation pressure, energy, and momentum injection from stellar winds and from supernovae. We explore this model in high-resolution isolated simulations of Milky Way like disc galaxies. Stellar feedback regulates star formation to the observed level and naturally captures the establishment of a Kennicutt–Schmidt relation. This result is achieved independent of the numerical mass and spatial resolution of the simulations. Gaseous outflows are generated with average mass loading factors of the order of unity. Strong outflow activity is correlated with peaks in the star formation history of the galaxy with evidence that most of the ejected gas eventually rains down on to the disc in a galactic fountain flow that sustains late-time star formation. Finally, the interstellar gas in the galaxy shows a distinct multiphase distribution with a coexistence of cold, warm, and hot phases.
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Bhattarai, Lokindra Hari. « Shifting of Governance and Justice : A Reference of Nepal ». Molung Educational Frontier 10 (31 décembre 2020) : 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mef.v10i0.34078.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Governance is the exercise of the political, economic, social, and administrative authority to manage the nation’s affairs. Power and justice strengthen systems to support human rights, peace, unity, democracy in the country. The governance system in Nepal since the ancient period of Kirats, Lichhavis, Mallaslaid in Hindu Religion, Ved, Mundhum, Shmritis, Manab Nyayasastra, and order of the Kings. At the beginning of the modern period, after the unification of modern Nepal from Shahs, Ranas, Panchayat till the youngest republican democratic state, justice and governance make the Nepalese authority more accountable, transparent, inclusive, efficient, and participative. From the ancient to the modern times, governance emphasizes interactions between state, and social actors and among people representative themselves. Shift from Dharmasastra to judiciary and other ADR procedures since the ancient to the modern period are/ were the primary methods to govern the state. The paper aims at presenting several dimensions to analyze paradigm shift of governance and justice system from ancient period till dates where the journey from Dharmasastra to the rule of law, independent judiciary, and people’s supremacy. It highlights justice delivery in Nepal, which has slowly and gradually integrated into a centrally administered national judicial system.
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Poddubnaya, V. F., A. M. Yevkov et Yu M. Filonova. « Signs of a Legal Entity of Public Law under the Legislation of Ukraine ». Cuestiones Políticas 39, no 69 (17 juillet 2021) : 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3969.24.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article examines the legal status of legal entities of public law as participants in civil circulation. Both general and special research methods were used, which were determined by the purpose of the article, taking into account the object and subject of the research. To study the above-mentioned civil law relations in their interconnection and development, the dialectical method was used. The comparative legal method was used to analyze the world experience of legal regulation of the status of legal entities of public law in foreign legislation and the doctrine of law, in particular, in the legislation of the CIS countries. Results showed that legal entities of public law are organizations; as legal entities; have the characteristics of a legal entity: organizational unity, the presence of separate property, acting in circulation on their own behalf, independent civil liability. In addition to the general features of a legal entity, legal entities of public law also have special features that characterize them as participants in civil turnover. It was concluded that legal entities of public law are a type of legal entity, are created in the administrative order by the state and have targeted legal capacity.
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Ahmad, Alaeddin Mohammad K., et Qais Mohammad K. Ahmad. « Factors Influence on Packaging Design in an Impulse Consumer Purchasing Behavior : A Case Study of Doritos Pack ». International Journal of Marketing Studies 7, no 6 (30 novembre 2015) : 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v7n6p92.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p>The conventional role of packaging in buyer products has been to save and protect the product. In fact these days, buyer and manufacture trends propose a progressively significant part for packaging as a tactical tool as well as a marketing strategy. This research aims to investigate the impact of factors influence on packaging design in an impulse purchasing circumstances as a case study of Doritos pack in Manchester city-UK. This research consists of the independent variables represented by visual components and informational components namely (pack graphics, layout, color, photography and illustration, typography, pack size and shape; product information, and package technology) and dependent variable which represented by impulse purchasing behavior. In order to explore the relationship between independent and dependent variables the qualitative method was used to collect primary data through a social media, online, and face to face interviews, which was administered with customers and experts in product innovation. The research sample in this research consists of 34 participants and an expert in product innovation. The results confirm that for most participants in the interviews, the factors which influence on the bad image of current Doritos chips bags in the marketplace are; protection, communication, and information. The research concludes that there are many functions to packaging design in order to ease and communicate with customers; increasingly, there is important role of packaging as a strategic tool to attract consumers’ attention and their perception on the product quality. Brand has important role in identify layout, graphics, color, and typeface. The new packaging design mostly uses the brand in products. Mainly, the packaging design includes all printed information such as made it, where it was made, when it was made, what it contains, how to use it. Moreover, the printed information is given in the brand and its value has to be showed while promoting the product in the market.</p>
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F., Obioma I., Ihemeje J. C., Ogbonna C. I., Amadi C. O. et Hanson U. E. « Effect of Agricultural Financing on the Performance of Agricultural Sector in Nigeria ». Journal La Bisecoman 2, no 2 (2 juin 2021) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v2i2.360.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The study examined the effects of agricultural financing on the performance of agricultural sector in Nigeria using annual time series data. The data for the study was sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. Contribution of agriculture to GDP was used as proxy for the performance of agricultural sector, commercial banks loan to agriculture, rain fall, government expenditure to agriculture and interest rate were used as proxy for explanatory variables. Following unity in the order of integration, Johansen cointegration approach was used to check for the long run relationship among the variables. Vector autoregressive estimate the vector correction mechanism was used to examine the speed of adjustment of the variables from the short run dynamics to the long run equilibrium. The study found that there is long run relationship among the variables. Specifically; there is significant and long run effect of Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme on Contributions of agriculture to GDP. Commercial banks loans to agriculture showed positive and significant effect on Contributions of agriculture to GDP within the reference period. The coefficient of multiple determinations explained the variation in the dependent variable jointly explained by the independent variables. The study recommend that there should be increase in the amount which the agricultural credit guarantee scheme inject into the sector on annual basis and proper supervisory measures should be constituted in order to ensure efficient application and use of the money.
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Arif, Muhamad. « MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH DENGAN MENGINTEGRASIKAN NILAI DAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS MELALUI TEKNIK KLARIFIKASI NILAI ». TARBIYA : Journal of Education in Muslim Society 2, no 1 (29 juin 2014) : 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v1i1.1120.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract: This research was conducted in order to find the teaching of history model that is integrated with the character of religious values through values clarification techniques. Given the results of the study are expected in the form of a draft model of learning, the study was conducted using the method of literature study. There are three points of major concern in this research. First, study the history of the learning materials that will be used as the basis for the development of the model at the same goal of learning, namely the material "Declaration of Independence and the Establishment of the Republic of Indonesia". Secondly, the study of the concept of didactic and methodical which allows to integrate historical material with the value and character of religion. In this case the researchers choose values clarification techniques. Third, the study of religious values that will be integrated in the teaching of history. In this case the value and character of the struggle, discipline in time, independent, strong stance, deliberation to reach consensus, and the unity and integrity. The process of analysis and synthesis of these components produce a learning model by integrating historical and religious character values through values clarification techniques. DOI: 10.15408/tjems.v1i1.1120
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Blank, M. E., F. Bode, K. Baumann et D. F. Diedrich. « Computer analysis reveals changes in renal Na+-glucose cotransporter in diabetic rats ». American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 257, no 2 (1 août 1989) : C385—C396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.257.2.c385.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A novel, computer-assisted program was developed to analyze the time course of Na+-glucose cotransport by rat renal cortical brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV). Transporter characteristics can be measured, which routine kinetic analyses fail to distinguish: cotransporter membrane density is derived from the picomoles of D-glucose bound per milligram of protein. Binding is stereospecific, blocked by phlorizin, and supported equally well by Na+ or K+ (but not Cs+). Quasi-first-order influx and efflux rate constants for the composite Na+-driven influx and the (presumed) Na+-independent efflux processes were highly dependent on glucose concentration. Either two Na+-glucose transporters exist in proximal tubules or a single mechanism abruptly changes rate when glucose falls to low levels. The major operation mode is slow, has a high capacity but low affinity, and may have a 2 Na+:2 glucose stoichiometry (Hill coefficient is unity). The minor system is a fast, smaller-capacity, higher-affinity operation with a 2 Na+:1 glucose stoichiometry that was not distinguishable when the same data were analyzed in conventional kinetic plots. Results with streptozocin-induced diabetic rats illustrate the method's utility. Low-glucose-affinity cotransporters were upregulated in hyperglycemic, but not in cachectic, ketoacidotic animals. Rate constants, especially for efflux, were decreased in diabetes.
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Sofia, Wida Nafila. « Interpretasi Imam Al-Maraghi dan Ibnu Katsir Terhadap Qs. Ali Imran Ayat 190-191 ». Tafkir : Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education 2, no 1 (10 janvier 2021) : 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v2i1.16.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper is stimulated by the fact that education is an activity that is deliberately carried out to actualize all the potential of students, both in the affective, cognitive and psychomotor domains, both soul (nafs), heart (qalb) and intellectual ('aql). The reality that has happened is that the education system has only been able to produce weak people, with the characteristics of low initiative and creativity, low self-confidence, helplessness and ultimately unable to be independent. In the Al-Qur'an, there are many verses that call on people to pay attention to, reflect on and compose Allah, whether in the heavens, the earth or among. Among the verses that explain this are Q.S Ali Imran verses 190-191. Data obtained through literature studies from several books and journals that explain Al-Maraghi and Ibn Kathir's interpretation of QS. Ali Imran 190-191 as the focus of discussion. This research reveals that as human beings we must always remember Allah SWT and also measure what Allah SWT has created so that we can take a response. This also requires the integration of the function of reason and dhikr as a unity that must be present in every Muslim, in order to be able to take lessons from the signs of the power of Allah SWT.
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Nurani, Sri. « Foster Indonesian Diversity from School by Building the Character of Pancasila Students ». Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs) : Conference Series 4, no 4 (23 avril 2021) : 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/shes.v4i4.50607.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p><em>Caring for the Diversity of Schools by Building the Character of Pancasila Students. The background is the phenomenon of viral news related to the issue of the dynamics of diversity in the educational environment. This news quickly spread to become a hot issue that was feared could have a negative impact. Because the Indonesian nation stands on a foundation of diversity / diversity, this condition is a problem that must be resolved so that it does not develop into a bigger conflict while preventing and minimizing it. The research method used qualitative methods with data collection techniques through observation, literature study and interviews. The results of the research show that there is an assumption that diversity / diversity can endanger the integrity of the nation, is a reason to maintain diversity in order to remain in wholeness and unity. Schools as intellectual communities and as miniatures of national diversity must be able to care for this diversity by building the character of Pancasila students. Pancasila students are lifelong students who have global competence and behave according to the values of Pancasila, namely: Believing & being devoted to God Almighty and Moral Morals, Global Diversity, Mutual Cooperation, Independent, Critical Reason, Creative.</em></p>
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Riols, A., W. Xu, G. Lesur, M. W. Kunz et H. Latter. « Gravito-turbulence and dynamo in poorly ionized protostellar discs – I. Zero-net-flux case ». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 506, no 1 (21 juin 2021) : 1407–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1637.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ABSTRACT In their early stages, protoplanetary discs are sufficiently massive to undergo gravitational instability (GI). This instability is thought to be involved in mass accretion, planet formation via gas fragmentation, the generation of spiral density waves, and outbursts. A key and very recent area of research is the interaction between the GI and magnetic fields in young protoplanetary discs, in particular whether this instability is able to sustain a magnetic field via a dynamo. We conduct 3D, stratified shearing-box simulations using two independent codes, PLUTO and Athena++, to characterize the GI dynamo in poorly ionized protostellar discs subject to ambipolar diffusion. We find that the dynamo operates across a large range of ambipolar Elssaser number Am (which characterizes the strength of ambipolar diffusion) and is particularly strong in the regime Am = 10–100, with typical magnetic to thermal energy ratios of order unity. The dynamo is only weakly dependent on resolution (at least for Am ≲ 100), box size, and cooling law. The magnetic field is produced by the combination of differential rotation and large-scale vertical roll motions associated with spiral density waves. Our results have direct implications for the dynamo process in young protoplanetary discs and possibly some regions of active galactic nucleus discs.
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Gryaznova, Tatyana E. « The L.I. Petrazhitskiy’s Psychological Theory of State ». History of state and law 1 (28 janvier 2021) : 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3805-2021-1-30-35.
Texte intégralRésumé :
According to L.I. Petrazhitsky, the doctrine of the state should be based on the method of introspection (self-observation), as only it allows us to study the emotional and intellectual processes of the human psyche that determine individual and mass behavior of people, including their association in unrelated independent social unions, that include the state. The author considers that the main feature of the state is the presence of power, which interpreted as an emotional projection of legal emotional and intellectual experiences of individuals. According to L.I. Petrazhitsky, the means of legitimation of state power is the unity of emotional experiences of subordinate subjects that form the peoples’ legal psyche. Under the state, L.I. Petrazhitsky means the power-political organization of an unrelated social group, which is an emotional projection of solidary imperative-attributive (legal) experiences of subordinate subjects in order to serve the Law. The significance of this concept lies in the formulation of the problem of the legitimacy of state power, the interpretation of everyday consciousness as a source of external authorities that often prevent the realization and the demonstration of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, the idea of the official nature of state power in relation to the Law.
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Tokareva, Natalya. « Genesis of the Logico-Semantic Organization of Adolescents Speech in the Post-Nonclassical Perspective of the Contemporaneity ». PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 24, no 1 (3 octobre 2018) : 343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2018-24-1-343-359.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical analysis of the trends in the speech development of adolescents in the context of psycholinguistic scientific space. As one of the vectors of adolescents’ thought-speech activity development, the author considers the development of the logical-semantic organization of the speech utterance, which is a complex unity of interrelated but phenomenologically independent phenomena: object-meaning and logical ordering of speech utterance structure.
The necessity of using the post-neoclassical approach (evolutionary-synergetic paradigm of scientific rationality) to study the trends in the variability of modern adolescents speech development is grounded in the article, which makes it possible to analyze the phenomenological field of speech from the standpoint of the development of open dissipative systems in the unity of the socio-cultural, psychological and psycholinguistic contexts.
Empirical study procedure involves the study of the features of logical-semantic organization of teenager’s speech activity of by the formation of written speech utterance by the method of quasi-creative work with the supports. The subject of analysis were meaningful text content (denotative content presentation units and their hierarchical matching) and logical ordering of the speech utterance structure (proportional correlation of each of the microtopics within the logics of integral text, compliance consistency of information blocks, ensuring communications between first-order predicators). Comparison of the average values of predicators of the psycholinguistic profile of verbal constructs of adolescents of different ages revealed certain differences in the compared groups and showed nonlinearity of the respondents speech development.
The data obtained are interpreted by the author as the conditionality of the schoolchildren’ speech development not only by the external situational and contextual influence of the educational process, but also by the specificity of age-related neoplasms of the cognitive spectrum. In this context, the purposeful formation of the communicative culture of an individual, mastery of effective ways of forming and formulating thoughts in the logic of dialogical partnership is defined as an indispensable prerequisite for the personal development of adolescents.
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Nursikin, Mukh, et Muhammad Aji Nugroho. « The Strategy of Madrasah in Developing Civil Society at State Islamic Senior High School III Yogyakarta ». Al-Ta lim Journal 27, no 3 (29 décembre 2020) : 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/jt.v27i3.644.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The growth of advanced society gave birth to independent community groups. Therefore, social change needs to be anticipated so that people are not dictated by change and are able to act affirmatively. Madrasah as an Islamic educational institution is very important for Indonesia's future to contribute in building civil society. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively assimilate the madrasah strategy as an Islamic educational institution in building civil society. This is a qualitative research with a qualitative-naturalistic approach by collecting data from literature research as well as field research, the data obtained are then followed by stages, namely description, data reduction, data selection, data analysis, discussion, and conclusions. The results of the study showed the strategies of madrasah as Islamic Education institutions to build civil society, namely (1) Madrasah lays the most rational basis for taking internal and external steps by instilling moral law, unity in diversity, community-based social system, with the aim of improving the positive image of madrasah in the community. (2) The systemic role of madrasah realizes civil society with some program: first, organizing a school’s community service program (SKN) in the established target villages with the aim of appreciating the knowledge taught in madrasah to the community. second, the development of religious social skills, students will acquire life skills by carrying out various activities that have the spirit of Islam in the community: educating students to play an active role in society, introducing madrasah to the outside world in order to build a society that is democratic, religious, tolerance, independent and tough to face internal and global challenges towards civil society.
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Tomuschat, Christian. « Die Zukunft des Völkerrechts ». Juridica International 26 (13 novembre 2017) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2017.26.01.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The international legal order today constitutes a truly universal legal system. It has received guiding principles through the United Nations Charter: ever since this ‘Constitution for the world’ began operating, sovereign equality of states, self‑determination of peoples, and human rights have been key components of this architecture, which has reached a state of ‘conceptual unity’ belying the talk of ‘fragmentation’ of international law that so fascinated scholars in their debates only a short while ago. The great peace treaties of 1648, 1815, and 1919, as Euro‑centric instruments influenced by the interests of the dominant powers, could not bring about a peaceful world order. After World War II, it was, in particular, the inclusion of the newly independent states in the legislative processes that has conferred an unchallenged degree of legitimacy on international law. Regrettably, its effectiveness has not kept pace with its normative growth. Some islands of stability can be identified. On the positive side, one can note a growing trend to entrust the settlement of disputes to formal procedures. Yet the integration of human rights in international law – a step of moral advancement that proceeds from the simple recognition that, precisely in the interest of world peace, domains of domestic and international matters cannot be separated one from the other as neatly as postulated by the classic doctrine of international law – has placed enormous obstacles before international law. It must be expected that the demand for more justice on the part of developing nations will subject the international legal order to even greater strain in the near future. Currently, chances are low that the issue of migration from the poorer South to the ‘rich’ North can be resolved.
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Trujillo, Logan. « K-th Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Entropy Estimates of Complexity and Integration from Ongoing and Stimulus-Evoked Electroencephalographic (EEG) Recordings of the Human Brain ». Entropy 21, no 1 (13 janvier 2019) : 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21010061.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Information-theoretic measures for quantifying multivariate statistical dependence have proven useful for the study of the unity and diversity of the human brain. Two such measures–integration, I(X), and interaction complexity, CI(X)–have been previously applied to electroencephalographic (EEG) signals recorded during ongoing wakeful brain states. Here, I(X) and CI(X) were computed for empirical and simulated visually-elicited alpha-range (8–13 Hz) EEG signals. Integration and complexity of evoked (stimulus-locked) and induced (non-stimulus-locked) EEG responses were assessed using nonparametric k-th nearest neighbor (KNN) entropy estimation, which is robust to the nonstationarity of stimulus-elicited EEG signals. KNN-based I(X) and CI(X) were also computed for the alpha-range EEG of ongoing wakeful brain states. I(X) and CI(X) patterns differentiated between induced and evoked EEG signals and replicated previous wakeful EEG findings obtained using Gaussian-based entropy estimators. Absolute levels of I(X) and CI(X) were related to absolute levels of alpha-range EEG power and phase synchronization, but stimulus-related changes in the information-theoretic and other EEG properties were independent. These findings support the hypothesis that visual perception and ongoing wakeful mental states emerge from complex, dynamical interaction among segregated and integrated brain networks operating near an optimal balance between order and disorder.
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Taneeva-Salomatshaeva, Lola Z. « The all-Embracing Light of Divine Grace in the Theory and Practice of the Sufi Brotherhood of Chishti ». Minbar. Islamic Studies 11, no 1 (30 juin 2018) : 65–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2018-11-1-65-98.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract: the author, on the basis of the Philosophical-Sufi studies of medieval Muslim scholars, the achievements of modern theoretical thought and independent argumentation, reveals the Sufi understanding of The Existence of God and the Way to Him. The source of the material was, first of all, the treatises of Indian Islamic thinkers written in Farsi: the work of Ali ibn Uthman al-Hudjwiri Kashf al-Mahdzhub li Abrar al-Kulub («Disclosure of the hidden behind the veil for those who have knowledge in the Mystery of Hearts») and the lithographic edition of Fava’eed al-Fouad «Useful [knowledge] for the Heart», owned by the Sheikh Nizamuddin Awliya – one of the most significant Sufi saints of the Order of Chishti. It is convincingly proven, how, using the words-labels, for example, Light and Heart and their connotations (Anwar – plural Absolute Light, Nur – Light, and also refracted or reflected Ray), one can come to the understanding that Nur is Light, Ray, Shine and Allah Himself. Thus, the creators of the monuments of medieval writing in the countries of the Muslim East asserted the religious paradigm according to which, thanks to the Unity of the Existence (vahdat al-wujud), the Light of Divine Grace embraces the entire universe: from the simple to the complex, and from it to the heart of the person who has gone through all the ways of perfection.
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Lan, Chang-Jen. « Modeling Back-of-Queue Uncertainty at Signalized Intersections ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no 3 (28 février 2020) : 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120909381.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The queue percentile formulation adopted in the 2010 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) is empirically based. It contains an overly simplified functional form and parameters such that the accuracy of the back-of-queue percentile estimates is compromised. In view of this, the author applies the Delta method to derive the uncertainty formulation of back-of-queue through the first-order Taylor expansion approximation, assuming that the source of uncertainty comes from arrival flow, saturation flow and, for actuated controller, green time variability from vehicle actuation. As multiplication of the independent, positive random variables results in a lognormal distributed outcome, the back-of-queue percentile is quantified as a lognormal predictive interval function. The simulation study shows that the proposed back-of-queue predictive interval is much more accurate than the HCM counterpart in most of the cases evaluated based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov goodness-of-fit test. The proposed formulations can be used to quantify the back-of-queue predictive interval for both pre-timed and actuated control, whereas HCM is indifferent to the type of control. As expected, the variability of back-of-queue from the actuated control is less than the pre-timed control in unsaturated condition. The predictive interval profiles become identical when the degree of saturation approaches to unity and maxes out the green time.