Articles de revues : « Indian Ocean literature (French) »

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Cheke, Anthony S. "Data sources for 18th century French encyclopaedists – what they used and omitted: evidence of data lost and ignored from the Mascarene Islands, Indian Ocean." Journal of the National Museum (Prague) 177, no. 9 (2009): 91–117. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13493231.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The pioneering encyclopaedias of Brisson (1756, 1760) and Buffon (1749-1767, 1770-1783, and supplements) were the first to be solidly based on specimens examined by the authors. Collectors in the Mascarenes assembled substantial material for these works, but only a part ended up in the published encyclopaedias. Part of this was due to loss in transit, but more was apparently simply overlooked amidst the mass of material the writers were dealing with. As a result, several species collected &/or illustrated in the mid-18th century and apparently available to the encyclopaedists were not formally described for several decades or even a century later, notably Pseudobulweria aterrima, Coracina newtoni and Taphozous mauritianus from Réunion, Alectroenas nitidissima, Nesoenas mayeri, Mascarenotus sauzieri, Mormopterus acetabulosus and Phelsuma ornata from Mauritius, and Psittacula exsul and Cylindraspis peltastes from Rodrigues. The colonial collector-correspondents also sent much useful life history data that also did not make it into print at the time.

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Cheke, Anthony S. "Data sources for 18th century French encyclopaedists – what they used and omitted: evidence of data lost and ignored from the Mascarene Islands, Indian Ocean." Journal of the National Museum (Prague) 177, no. 9 (2009): 91–117. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13493231.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The pioneering encyclopaedias of Brisson (1756, 1760) and Buffon (1749-1767, 1770-1783, and supplements) were the first to be solidly based on specimens examined by the authors. Collectors in the Mascarenes assembled substantial material for these works, but only a part ended up in the published encyclopaedias. Part of this was due to loss in transit, but more was apparently simply overlooked amidst the mass of material the writers were dealing with. As a result, several species collected &/or illustrated in the mid-18th century and apparently available to the encyclopaedists were not formally described for several decades or even a century later, notably Pseudobulweria aterrima, Coracina newtoni and Taphozous mauritianus from Réunion, Alectroenas nitidissima, Nesoenas mayeri, Mascarenotus sauzieri, Mormopterus acetabulosus and Phelsuma ornata from Mauritius, and Psittacula exsul and Cylindraspis peltastes from Rodrigues. The colonial collector-correspondents also sent much useful life history data that also did not make it into print at the time.

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Cheke, Anthony S. "Data sources for 18th century French encyclopaedists – what they used and omitted: evidence of data lost and ignored from the Mascarene Islands, Indian Ocean." Journal of the National Museum (Prague) 177, no. 9 (2009): 91–117. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13493231.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The pioneering encyclopaedias of Brisson (1756, 1760) and Buffon (1749-1767, 1770-1783, and supplements) were the first to be solidly based on specimens examined by the authors. Collectors in the Mascarenes assembled substantial material for these works, but only a part ended up in the published encyclopaedias. Part of this was due to loss in transit, but more was apparently simply overlooked amidst the mass of material the writers were dealing with. As a result, several species collected &/or illustrated in the mid-18th century and apparently available to the encyclopaedists were not formally described for several decades or even a century later, notably Pseudobulweria aterrima, Coracina newtoni and Taphozous mauritianus from Réunion, Alectroenas nitidissima, Nesoenas mayeri, Mascarenotus sauzieri, Mormopterus acetabulosus and Phelsuma ornata from Mauritius, and Psittacula exsul and Cylindraspis peltastes from Rodrigues. The colonial collector-correspondents also sent much useful life history data that also did not make it into print at the time.

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Delagranda, Antoine, Romain Ferreira, Xavier Dufour, Maria Poisson, and Gaelle Leterme. "Sublocations of cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, primary lymph node and other epidemiological features in a French Tropical Island in the Indian Ocean 2009-2013." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 4, no. 3 (2018): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20181852.

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Background: This study had two objectives: firstly, to describe and compare sublocations of all cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx and primary carcinoma cervical lymph node diagnosed in Reunion Island, a tropical French overseas territory in the southern hemisphere between 2009 to 2013; and secondly others epidemiological features.Methods: A retrospective study included 621 patients diagnosed with cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx or larynx or primary cervical node between 2009 and 2013 in Reunion Island. 13 possible sublocations of cancer for mouth are described, 14 for larynx, 12 for oropharynx, 3 for hypopharynx, 8 for primary cervical lymph node. Demographic characteristics, data on alcohol consumption, smoking habits, HPV infection, denutrition were analyzed. Results: Cancer location consisted of oropharynx (36.2%), larynx (25.6%), oral cavity (20.8%), hypopharynx (13.8%), primary carcinoma lymph node (3.6%). Sublocations in oral cavity mainly concerned palatin tonsil and base tongue. Vocal fold was the mostly frequent sublocation involved in larynx. Cancer in oral cavity were portion out more homogeneously. Excluding primary lymph node, sex ratio was 7.7 and mean age was 60 years. Cancer consisted of squamous cell carcinoma in 99.1% of patients. 340/375 patients (81.25%) showed alcohol abuse; 309/359 (86.1%) were smokers; 31/184 (16.8%) had HPV infection.Conclusions: First study including all cases of pharyngolarynx and oral cavity cancer and depicting all sublocations involved in one series. We found no significant difference of distribution between sublocations for larynx but some for oropharynx and oral cavity compared to literature.

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Hafsia, Sarah, Marion Haramboure, David Arthur Wilkinson, et al. "Overview of dengue outbreaks in the southwestern Indian Ocean and analysis of factors involved in the shift toward endemicity in Reunion Island: A systematic review." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 7 (2022): e0010547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010547.

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Background Dengue is the world’s most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease. It is endemic in many tropical and subtropical countries and represents a significant global health burden. The first reports of dengue virus (DENV) circulation in the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands date back to the early 1940s; however, an increase in DENV circulation has been reported in the SWIO in recent years. The aim of this review is to trace the history of DENV in the SWIO islands using available records from the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Seychelles, and Reunion. We focus in particular on the most extensive data from Reunion Island, highlighting factors that may explain the observed increasing incidence, and the potential shift from one-off outbreaks to endemic dengue transmission. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, the literature review focused queried different databases using the keywords “dengue” or “Aedes albopictus” combined with each of the following SWIO islands the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Seychelles, and Reunion. We also compiled case report data for dengue in Mayotte and Reunion in collaboration with the regional public health agencies in these French territories. References and data were discarded when original sources were not identified. We examined reports of climatic, anthropogenic, and mosquito-related factors that may influence the maintenance of dengue transmission independently of case importation linked to travel. Findings and conclusions The first report of dengue circulation in the SWIO was documented in 1943 in the Comoros. Then not until an outbreak in 1976 to 1977 that affected approximately 80% of the population of the Seychelles. DENV was also reported in 1977 to 1978 in Reunion with an estimate of nearly 30% of the population infected. In the following 40-year period, DENV circulation was qualified as interepidemic with sporadic cases. However, in recent years, the region has experienced uninterrupted DENV transmission at elevated incidence. Since 2017, Reunion witnessed the cocirculation of 3 serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3) and an increased number of cases with severe forms and deaths. Reinforced molecular and serological identification of DENV serotypes and genotypes circulating in the SWIO as well as vector control strategies is necessary to protect exposed human populations and limit the spread of dengue.

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FONJU, NJUAFAC KENEDY. "The Challenges of Pre-Colonial and Colonial Hegemony of Aristocratic Kings to the 43 European Diplomatic Agents of Exploration, Expropriation and Exploitation (3Es) of Madagascar 1500-1960." Cross-Currents: An International Peer-Reviewed Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences 11, no. 04 (2025): 45–74. https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijhss.2025.v11i04.001.

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Abstract: The present research work deals with the historical importance of Madagascar which is partially disconnected from the African and Asian Continents but however considered by most scientific researchers as an African country in spite of its mixed races and white colour. This is a country whose territorial boundaries are only border with the waters of the Indian and Pacific Ocean. Meaning that as an Island, it has nothing to deal with territorial land surface bordering crisis with any other countries within the two Continents. This exclusive advantages made the country history to be very remarkable and it therefore attracted Europeans especially the Portuguese navigators, the British and French pre-colonial and colonial hegemonies while facing challenges from an aristocratic self-proclaimed Queen with the policy of Europeanisation and butchering of Christians and other oppositions to her crude impossible rule of self-sufficiency which ended her own life on her quiet sleeping bed after 30 years at the throne. From the Great Red Island, Isle of Saint Lawrence through the French Annexation with 45 main Agents of Commanding Orders to Republic of Madagascar with our findings beginning from 1500 to 1960 when the Island got self-determination which took it course leading to independence in 1960 with portfolios of neo-colonial representatives changing due to State to State post-colonial bilateral relations. Taking a historical analytical approach, we consulted different sources and documentations specializing in issues of Madagascar with previos related literatures which are well quoted and references enable us to bring our modest contributions for the awareness of younger generation of historians and related field of studies to be aware of the 43 real pre-colonial and colonial representatives of the Europeans who can be accounted for whatever transpired detrimental to the territory and reparations can be imminently requested to the respective Governments in the cont

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Ashrafyan, Konstantin. ""The Silver Age of Piracy": French pirates in the Atlantic in the first third of the XVI century." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 4 (2020): 232–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8423289.

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. The purpose of the study was to find a causal relationship between the activities of king Francis I and the large-scale pirate actions of the captains of the French merchant fleet, Jean Ango. This was necessary to show piracy as a fusion of the military and diplomatic policies of France against Portugal and Spain with the naval experience of warfare on the seas and in the oceans, which had the captains of the merchant fleet of Jean Ango. We can see this connection by the captured and looted of hundreds of ships in Portugal and Spain with the full support of piracy from the French crown. The goal was also to show how France, through piracy and its promotion at the state level, destroyed the system of international agreements and Royal oaths in the Christian world for the sake of its commercial advantage. The author studies and gives examples of numerous acts of piracy, numbering in the hundreds of captured, robbed, and sunk ships, the reasons and conclusions are given why Francis I began to demand "Open seas and oceans" and why he demanded a revision of the borders of the world in the XVI century. Considered and found the answers to the questions of what caused the rupture of international treaties, on the part of Francis I. We revealed and shown the facts of multiple penetrations of France on the territory of Portugal and Spain, which later led to attempts by France to establish settlements in Brazil in 1555-1559 and Spanish Florida in 1563-1565, contrary to all international norms and agreements – the Pope's bulls of 1493 and the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 and subsequent ones. The article shows that the scale and scope of the pirate actions of French pirates in the Atlantic contributed to the formation of piracy as a mass phenomenon and can be called the "Silver age of world piracy", which falls on the 16th century, and anticipates the "Golden age of piracy" of the 17th and 18th centuries. This term is quite appropriate to introduce for this time, especially if it is considered together with the even larger-scale pirate actions of Berber pirates in the Mediterranean, which are quite well known and described in the scientific literature.

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Lamotte, Mélanie. "Beyond the Atlantic: Unifying Racial Policies across the Early French Empire." William and Mary Quarterly 81, no. 1 (2024): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2024.a918182.

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Abstract: Beginning in the early eighteenth century, a coherent body of racial policies emerged across the French Atlantic and Indian Oceans, targeting the socioeconomic status of people of non-European ancestry and restricting their right to marry or have sexual relations with French people. In addition to very specific local circumstances in the colonies, this coherent body of policies emerged because authorities attempted to standardize policies across the two oceans. The circulation of official correspondence and people on a transoceanic scale facilitated these changes. The scope of this standardization and circulation means that we cannot understand the full landscape of French racial discourse and policymaking unless we look at the Atlantic and Indian Oceans together. Yet the current historiography on race in the French colonies remains compartmentalized into smaller geographic units. Little work has been produced on race and racial policies for the French Indian Ocean, and the vast majority of publications on this topic have so far been produced by Atlantic specialists. Considering France's Atlantic and Indian Ocean colonies side by side demonstrates that racial policies in the Atlantic were shaped by developments in the Indian Ocean—and vice versa.

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Saint-Mézard, Isabelle. "The French strategic vision of the Indian Ocean." Journal of the Indian Ocean Region 9, no. 1 (2013): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2013.793910.

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Syea, Anand. "Serial Verb Constructions in Indian Ocean French Creoles (IOCs)." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 28, no. 1 (2013): 13–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.28.1.02sye.

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This paper revisits the debate between Bickerton on the one hand and Seuren, Corne, Coleman and Curnow on the other on the question of whether serial verb constructions exist in the French creoles of the Indian Ocean (namely Seychelles Creole and Mauritian Creole). It examines data particularly from Mauritian Creole (which was rather marginally represented in that discussion) and argues in agreement with Bickerton (1989, 1996) that serial verbs do indeed exist in this creole just as they do in Seychelles Creole. However, it also argues that their presence in these languages must be attributed not to an innate linguistic mechanism (as claimed in Bickerton 1989, 1996) nor to a substrate source (contra Corne et al. 1996, Corne 1999) but to an independent internal development in which consecutive imperatives were reanalyzed as serial verb constructions. It is assumed that, given the socio-historical nature of creole contact situations, consecutive imperatives would have been a prominent part of early input as interchanges between those who spoke French and those who did not would have mostly been in the form of directives (commands, instructions, etc.) which are more often than not expressed through the imperative . However, it is recognized that this development could have benefited from substrate (particularly Malagasy) influence but it remains in the main the result of an internal diachronic process. The proposal outlined has interesting implications for the role of input and the role that adults may have played in the development of creole languages in general and serial verb constructions in particular. Some aspects of creole languages, it is suggested, can be adequately accounted for without having to implicate either an innate linguistic mechanism or wholesale transfer from substrate sources.

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Guénot, Pierre, Christophe Dubecq, Frédéric Colleu, Olivier Dubourg, Caroline Lec, and Pierre-Etienne Bertran. "CASA Medevac Operations Proof of Concept in the Southern Indian Ocean Zone." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 93, no. 6 (2022): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.6042.2022.

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BACKGROUND: Air medical evacuations by tactical aircraft are mandatory in every country, particularly in deployments abroad where hospital resources are limited. In the overseas French departments, it can be particularly useful for military and civilian scientists stationed on the very remote islands of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. This priority medical support mission uses fixed wing CASA CN235 aircraft and is led by the French Air Force and the French Military Medical Service, in cooperation with the civilian health service.CASE REPORT: The authors present the case of a French soldier with chest trauma on an isolated island who benefited from continuum of care during his air evacuation to Reunion Island.DISCUSSION: This case illustrates that the “CASA Medevac” concept has become a crucial link in the French medical evacuation chain in remote areas. The complex organization, the human material resources, and, finally, the training program are briefly presented.Guénot P, Dubecq C, Colleu F, Dubourg O, Lec C, Bertran P-E. CASA Medevac operations proof of concept in the southern Indian Ocean zone. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(6):536–539.

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Thiébaut, Rafaël. "French Slave Trade on Madagascar: A Quantitative Approach." Journal of Social History 54, no. 1 (2020): 34–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shaa006.

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Abstract This article provides a better understanding of the volume of the French slave trade on Madagascar. Indeed, while research on the European slave trade in the Atlantic has benefitted much from statistical data, the slave trade in the Indian Ocean still lags behind, despite new scholarship. Based on detailed archival research, this article systematically analyzes different aspects of this commerce, including the organization of the trade, the age-sex ratio of the enslaved, and their mortality during the middle passage. Taking the number of French expeditions as a basis, we are able to determine the number of slaves traded with greater accuracy than was previously possible. Through this calculation, this article will shed new light on the patterns of slave trade in the Indian Ocean.

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Allen, Richard B. "Ending the history of silence: reconstructing European Slave trading in the Indian Ocean." Tempo 23, no. 2 (2017): 294–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/tem-1980-542x2017v230206.

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Abstract: Thirty-eight years ago, Hubert Gerbeau discussed the problems that contributed to the “history of silence” surrounding slave trading in the Indian Ocean. While the publication of an expanding body of scholarship since the late 1980s demonstrates that this silence is not as deafening as it once was, our knowledge and understanding of this traffic in chattel labor remains far from complete. This article discusses the problems surrounding attempts to reconstruct European slave trading in the Indian Ocean between 1500 and 1850. Recently created inventories of British East India Company slaving voyages during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and of French, Portuguese, and other voyages involving the Mascarene Islands of Mauritius and Réunion between 1670 and the 1830s not only shed light on the nature and dynamics of British and French slave trading in the Indian Ocean, but also highlight topics and issues that future research on European slave trading within and beyond this oceanic world will need to address.

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Bhattacharya, Swagata. "The Influence of Indian Philosophy on French Romanticism." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 2, no. 4 (2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v2i4.246.

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France’s connection to India dates back to the seventeenth century when the French came to establish trading relations with India and neighboring countries. Even in the heydays of Enlightenment, France, the champion and cradle of Reason and Rationality in Europe, was looking for an alternative and philosophers like Rousseau, Diderot and Voltaire looked towards India as a source of inspiration. That tradition was continued by the French Romantics who were even more influenced and inspired by Indian philosophy and wanted to change the course of French literature with the help of it. This paper aims to explore literary transactions between India and France culminating in the movement called Romanticism in French literature. The paper shall trace the trajectory of how Indian philosophy and thought traveled to Europe in the form of texts and influenced the works of the French from Voltaire in the eighteenth century to Jules Bois in the twentieth. The central argument of this diachronic study, based on the theory of influence, is to prove how significant the role of India and her literary/religious texts have been in the context of the Romantic Movement in French literature in the nineteenth century.

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Yuqiu, Meng. "From Colonial Reality to Poetic Truth: Baudelaire’s Indian Ocean Poems." IJOHMN (International Journal online of Humanities) 5, no. 5 (2019): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v5i5.138.

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Correcting the early Manichean interpretation of the abundant Baudelairian image of the black, later criticism tends to downplay the realist slavery framework and put emphasis on the psychological and philosophical dimension of the relationship between the master and the slave. My historicized analysis of “A une dame créole” uncovers evocations of slavery, violence and revolution in the vocabulary and imagery of the poem. By inscribing into the Ronsardian tradition a former French slave colony whose ruling elite never embraced revolutionary ideas, I argue, the poem puts the colonial enterprise into the perspective of France’s nation building and problematizes both. The 1863 prose poem “La belle Dorothée” in which Baudelaire refers back again to his experience in the Mascarene Islands, exposes the crude nature of the French policy that pretended to give the slaves freedom while forced them to live in idleness, poverty or prostitution. If Baudelaire’s oft discussed exoticism manifests a rejection of the society of his time, his longing for Africa and the Indian Ocean should not be dismissed as escapism.

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Sircar, Sanjay. "Indian Ocean Folktales (review)." Marvels & Tales 18, no. 1 (2004): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mat.2004.0019.

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Achituv, Yair, and Yaakov Langzam. "Two new species of Trevathana (Crustacea, Cirripedia, Balanomorpha, Pyrgomatidae) from the Western Indian Ocean and French Polynesia." Zootaxa 2116 (December 31, 2009): 46–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.274894.

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Achituv, Yair, Langzam, Yaakov (2009): Two new species of Trevathana (Crustacea, Cirripedia, Balanomorpha, Pyrgomatidae) from the Western Indian Ocean and French Polynesia. Zootaxa 2116: 46-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274894

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Buraga, Manoj Babu, and Thibault Fournol. "Indo-French Cooperation and Engagement in Holistic Maritime Security: Possibilities and Implications in the Indian Ocean Region." Electronic Journal of Social and Strategic Studies 03, no. 02 (2022): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47362/ejsss.2022.3209.

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The diffusion of the Indo-Pacific concept in India’s strategic vocabulary has accompanied the emergence of a broader strategic reference frame, in which the impacts of climate change on coastal areas and maritime-related environmental issues figure among the lowest common denominators of cooperation at the regional scale. In the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), unregulated fishing, natural disasters relief or marine pollution indeed became major security concerns for littoral States as well as it gave a new role for the armies in mitigating increasing environmental risks. In fact, we are seeing an expansion in India-France maritime security cooperation, with particular focus on the Indian Ocean. With its expanding economic, marine military, and strategic goals in the Indo-Pacific region, India is eager to develop connections with countries throughout the area. France is emphasising its identity as an Indo-Pacific nation and showing interest in bolstering its partnership with India. The Indian Ocean has emerged as a hot topic in recent Indo-French bilateral talks, as both nations seek to broaden their long-standing strategic partnership to the maritime domain. In February 2022, they inked a roadmap to boost their bilateral exchanges on the blue economy and forge a common vision of ocean governance on the basis of the rule of law, and cooperation on sustainable and resilient coastal and waterways infrastructure (MEA, Feb 2022).[i] In this regard, both agreed to explore the potential for collaboration in marine science research for a better understanding of the oceans, including the Indian Ocean. One such partnership is the ‘The Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative’ (IPOI), wherein France and India have taken the responsibility of being the ‘lead’ for the Marine Resources Pillar, which is one of seven identified pillars (MEA, Mar 2022).[ii] In such a context, this paper aims to explore India’s cooperation opportunities in the field of environmental security in the IOR in the context of Indo-French relations. As a preferred net security provider in the region, India has made of France one of the cornerstones of its SAGAR policy and a first-choice partner on maritime issues, as testified recently by the India-France Roadmap on Blue Economy and Ocean Governance. Based on several years of research on Indo-French relations and environmental security in the Indo-Pacific, the paper will first compare the securitization process of maritime-related environmental issues within the regional security policies of both countries and the adaptation of their navies to emerging environmental risks in the Indian Ocean. Then, it will analyse to what extent this process contributes to reshape military-to-military cooperation between the two navies/coast guard in emerging areas such as disaster relief operations, protection of maritime ecosystems or cyclone early warning. Then, it will consider the multilateral implications of this cooperation and its potential contribution to the security architecture of the Indian Ocean. [i] Ministry of External Affairs of India (February 2022). India-France Roadmap on the Blue Economy and Ocean Governance. [ii] Ministry of External Affairs of India (March 2022). Indo-French Call for an ‘Indo-Pacific Parks Partnership. Joint Declaration, Paris.

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Hofmeyr, Isabel. "Universalizing the Indian Ocean." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 125, no. 3 (2010): 721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2010.125.3.721.

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In 1966 Auguste Toussaint, the Mauritian Archivist, Wrote One of the First Histories of the Indian Ocean, a Topic he Described as “neglected” (1). Four decades on, circumstances have shifted, and the Indian Ocean now compels our attention. Audacious Somali pirates astound international media audiences. The new economic superpowers, India and China, exert palpable global influence. Their internecine competition plays itself out in the Indian Ocean, where the two Asian powers squabble for control of shipping lanes and oil supplies and for dominance of African markets and minerals (Vines and Oruitemeka; Broadman). Al-Qaeda continues to operate around the Indian Ocean littoral: its targets have included United States interests in Tanzania, Kenya, Comoros, Indonesia, and Yemen. United States imperialism itself persists in the Indian Ocean world, waning in Iraq but entrenched in Diego Garcia, the United States-occupied atoll from which bombing raids on Afghanistan and Iraq were launched.

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Pulsipher, Jenny Hale. "“Dark Cloud Rising from the East”: Indian Sovereignty and the Coming of King William's War in New England." New England Quarterly 80, no. 4 (2007): 588–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq.2007.80.4.588.

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King William's War (1689–97) has long been overshadowed by the wars bracketing it, but it was pivotal to English-Indian relations. As the English violated the treaty promises concluding King Philip's War and ignored Indian sovereignty, Indians turned to the French, establishing an alliance that would characterize the French and Indian Wars to come.

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Haring, Lee. "Interpreters of Indian Ocean Tales." Fabula 44, no. 1 (2003): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fabl.2003.013.

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Hofmeyr, Isabel. "Literary Ecologies of the Indian Ocean." English Studies in Africa 62, no. 1 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138398.2019.1629677.

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Justine, Jean-Lou, Amandine Delphine Marie, Romain Gastineau, Yoan Fourcade, and Leigh Winsor. "The invasive land flatworm Obama nungara in La Réunion, a French island in the Indian Ocean, the first report of the species for Africa." Zootaxa 5154, no. 4 (2022): 469–76. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5154.4.4.

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Justine, Jean-Lou, Marie, Amandine Delphine, Gastineau, Romain, Fourcade, Yoan, Winsor, Leigh (2022): The invasive land flatworm Obama nungara in La Réunion, a French island in the Indian Ocean, the first report of the species for Africa. Zootaxa 5154 (4): 469-476, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.4.4

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Pendharkar, Ashwinee. "The Twice Borne Fiction: French Translations of Indian English Literature." South Asian Review 35, no. 2 (2014): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02759527.2014.11932979.

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Rakotomalala Harimanohy, Louisette Mangatina Estera. "Madagascar within the framework of the Indian Ocean Commission." Международные отношения, no. 2 (February 2025): 53–64. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2025.2.74037.

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The relevance of this study is due to the low level of academic interest on the part of both Russian and foreign scientists to the problem of the activities of the Indian Ocean Commission. The object of the study is the activities of the IOC. The subject of study is the role of the Republic of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean Commission. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of the Republic of Madagascar in the activities of the Indian Ocean Commission. The key objects of the study are : the history of the Indian Ocean Commission, key areas of IOC activity, key financial partners of IOC, key ongoing IOC projects, the role of foreign partners in IOC activities, determining the effectiveness of IOC activities, identifying key potential benefits for Madagascar from membership in the IOC. This study is based on the theory of political realism, implying a permanent struggle of key players in the international arena in the face of national states for their own national interests. In the process of research, the author used the following methods: problem-chronological method, analysis, comparative analysis, deduction. The scientific novelty of this study is based on, first, the definition of IOC as a tool for France’s neocolonial influence in the western Indian Ocean region; second, the identification of key potential benefits for Madagascar within the framework of the Indian Ocean Commission. The results of the study can be used to further analyse France’s neo-colonial policy in Africa. The key results of the study are the identification of the transformation of the IOC from an intergovernmental organization to the instrument of French neo-colonial influence in Africa, identification of low IOC effectiveness, Identification of potential benefits for Madagascar within the framework of the Indian Ocean Commission.

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Han, Weiqing, Jérôme Vialard, Michael J. McPhaden, et al. "Indian Ocean Decadal Variability: A Review." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 95, no. 11 (2014): 1679–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00028.1.

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The international scientific community has highlighted decadal and multidecadal climate variability as a priority area for climate research. The Indian Ocean rim region is home to one-third of the world's population, mostly living in developing countries that are vulnerable to climate variability and to the increasing pressure of anthropogenic climate change. Yet, while prominent decadal and multidecadal variations occur in the Indian Ocean, they have been less studied than those in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. This paper reviews existing literature on these Indian Ocean variations, including observational evidence, physical mechanisms, and climatic impacts. This paper also identifies major issues and challenges for future Indian Ocean research on decadal and multidecadal variability.

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Nowrojee, Villoo. "Ceramics in Indian Ocean Trade." Matatu 52, no. 1 (2021): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-05201009.

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Abstract Ceramics have been extensively imported on the East African Coast over many centuries. The principal sources have been Iran and China, the latter trans-shipped through the port of Malacca and the Indian ports of the western Indian Ocean. These ceramics were used to embellish the gates and mihrabs of mosques, and the exteriors of elaborate tombs. They were vessels in homes and decorations on buildings. In the last two centuries, the old ceramics came to be supplanted by imported ware more utilitarian in make and appearance. These came in mainly from Holland, England and Germany. These products of Western Europe were influenced by the Islamic markets they had entered, while in turn these plates became an important part of the East African Coast’s architecture and Swahili traditions and homes.

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Hiramatsu, Yoshihiro, and Akira Ishiwatari. "2003 eruptions of Piton de la Fournaise Volcano, French Réunion Island, Indian Ocean." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 110, no. 12 (2004): XXI—XXII. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.110.12.xxi_xxii.

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Filippone, Claudia, Guillaume Castel, Séverine Murri, et al. "Discovery of hantavirus circulating among Rattus rattus in French Mayotte island, Indian Ocean." Journal of General Virology 97, no. 5 (2016): 1060–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000440.

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Weimerskirch, Henri, Karine Delord, Christophe Barbraud, et al. "Status and trends of albatrosses in the French Southern Territories, Western Indian Ocean." Polar Biology 41, no. 10 (2018): 1963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2335-0.

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Wankap, R., C. Mogo, M. Niang, et al. "Fungemia in the French department of Mayotte, Indian Ocean: A 10 years survey." Journal of Medical Mycology 31, no. 1 (2021): 101081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101081.

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LARSON, PIER M. "ENSLAVED MALAGASY AND ‘LE TRAVAIL DE LA PAROLE’ IN THE PRE-REVOLUTIONARY MASCARENES." Journal of African History 48, no. 3 (2007): 457–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853707002824.

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ABSTRACTMalagasy speakers probably formed the single largest native speech community among slaves dispersed into the western Indian Ocean between 1500 and 1900. In the eighteenth-century Mascarenes, Malagasy parlers (dialects) served as a contact language, understood both by persons born in Madagascar and by those with no direct ties to the island. Catholic missionaries working in Bourbon and Île de France frequently evangelized among sick and newly disembarked Malagasy slaves in their own tongues, employing servile interpreters and catechists from their ecclesiastical plantations as intermediaries in their ‘work of the word’. Evangelistic style was multilingual, in both French and Malagasy, and largely verbal, but was also informed by Malagasy vernacular manuscripts of Church doctrine set in Roman characters. The importance of Malagasy in the Mascarenes sets the linguistic environment of the islands off in distinctive ways from those of Atlantic slave societies and requires scholars to rethink the language and culture history of the western Indian Ocean islands, heretofore focused almost exclusively on studies of French and its creoles.

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Stähler, S. C., K. Sigloch, K. Hosseini, et al. "Performance report of the RHUM-RUM ocean bottom seismometer network around La Réunion, western Indian Ocean." Advances in Geosciences 41 (February 2, 2016): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-41-43-2016.

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Abstract. RHUM-RUM is a German-French seismological experiment based on the sea floor surrounding the island of La Réunion, western Indian Ocean (Barruol and Sigloch, 2013). Its primary objective is to clarify the presence or absence of a mantle plume beneath the Reunion volcanic hotspot. RHUM-RUM's central component is a 13-month deployment (October 2012 to November 2013) of 57 broadband ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) and hydrophones over an area of 2000 × 2000 km2 surrounding the hotspot. The array contained 48 wideband OBS from the German DEPAS pool and 9 broadband OBS from the French INSU pool. It is the largest deployment of DEPAS and INSU OBS so far, and the first joint experiment. This article reviews network performance and data quality: of the 57 stations, 46 and 53 yielded good seismometer and hydrophone recordings, respectively. The 19 751 total deployment days yielded 18 735 days of hydrophone recordings and 15 941 days of seismometer recordings, which are 94 and 80 % of the theoretically possible yields. The INSU seismic sensors stand away from their OBS frames, whereas the DEPAS sensors are integrated into their frames. At long periods (> 10 s), the DEPAS seismometers are affected by significantly stronger noise than the INSU seismometers. On the horizontal components, this can be explained by tilting of the frame and buoy assemblage, e.g. through the action of ocean-bottom currents, but in addition the DEPAS intruments are affected by significant self-noise at long periods, including on the vertical channels. By comparison, the INSU instruments are much quieter at periods > 30 s and hence better suited for long-period signals studies. The trade-off of the instrument design is that the integrated DEPAS setup is easier to deploy and recover, especially when large numbers of stations are involved. Additionally, the wideband sensor has only half the power consumption of the broadband INSU seismometers. For the first time, this article publishes response information of the DEPAS instruments, which is necessary for any project where true ground displacement is of interest. The data will become publicly available at the end of 2017.

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Stiger-Pouvreau, Valérie, and Mayalen Zubia. "Macroalgal diversity for sustainable biotechnological development in French tropical overseas territories." Botanica Marina 63, no. 1 (2020): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2019-0032.

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AbstractThis review focuses on the diversity of French tropical overseas macroalgae and their biotechnological applications. After listing the specific diversity, i.e. 641 species in French Antilles in the Atlantic Ocean, 560 species in the Indian Ocean, and 1015 species in the South Pacific Ocean, we present the potential of their metabolites and their main uses. Among the great diversity of metabolites, we focus on carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, pigments and secondary metabolites, in particular terpenes and phenolic compounds. The main applications of reef macroalgae are described in human and animal consumptions, phycocolloids extraction, production of active ingredients for health, cosmetics, agriculture, and bioremediation. For each application, we list what has been done, or will be done in French tropical overseas territories and point out the challenges faced when using this chemo-diversity, and problems linked to their exploitation. Finally, we discuss challenges to develop seaweed farming, their uses in carbon sequestration and resilience to global change, their uses for alternative proteins together with the production of bioenergy and biomaterials. As a conclusion, we encourage the research on the chemo-diversity of French reef macroalgae for industrial applications as these organisms represent a reservoir of active ingredients that is still insufficiently explored.

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Chatterjee, Nandini, Alicia Schrikker, and Dries Lyna. "Paper Empires: Layers of Law in Colonial South Asia and the Indian Ocean." Law and History Review 41, no. 3 (2023): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248023000081.

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AbstractAnthropologists and historians have recently underscored the ways in which European colonialism created novel regimes of legality and record-keeping, associated with ambitious and exclusive state-centered claims to both truth and rights, while being inevitably and constantly sucked into eddies of forgery and corruption. However, attention so far has been focused on English/European-language records and the colonial institutions that produced, stored, and deployed them. This has communicated a monolithic sense of power and normativity that unwittingly replicates the aspirations of colonial states. Drawing on eight case studies from in and around South Asia from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries, we propose instead that the law of empires was rooted in the highly localized, often multilingual, and fragmented bureaucracies that produced its records. Here, historians of pre-colonial Indian regimes join hands with historians of British, Dutch, and French colonialism in order to unearth the genealogies of records written in Bengali, Marathi, Persian, Sinhala, and Tamil, as well as in French, Dutch, and English. This special issue collectively excavates the many layers, regimes, and languages in which legally effective records were produced by imperial regimes in South Asia and its much larger watery penumbra, the Indian Ocean.

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Siekiera, Joanna. "Maritime Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) from the French Perspective." Polish Political Science Yearbook 50 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202117.

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Sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea became a key topic for the negotiations since the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro. Ocean change is now the most significant threat facing humanity, especially those living in coastal areas. The possible and already observed loss of territory, and thus sovereignty of the submerged states, is not the only legal consequence of ocean change happening now, in the 21st century. Another factor is the downsizing of Exclusive Economic Zones, which implies political tensions between the neighboring countries, both sovereign and dependent territories of the former colonial powers. France is present in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean via its overseas collectivities. Thus, instead of being at the 45th position in the world’s ranking of the ocean powers, the Republic of France comes in the second position, straight after the United States of America. This high and indeed precious position, both geostrategically and economically, affects its views toward the United Nations negotiations process on biological diversity beyond national jurisdiction.

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Ekwe-Ekwe, Herbert. "Africa and France – historically and in these times. Doi: 10.5020/2317-2150.2015.v20n3p807." Pensar - Revista de Ciências Jurídicas 20, no. 3 (2015): 807–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5020/23172150.2012.807-822.

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For France, the so-called francophonie Africa or the total of 22 countries, mostly in west, northeast, central and southeast Africa (Indian Ocean) that France conquered and occupied in Africa during the course of the pan-European invasion of Africa during the 15th-19th centuries, belong to France in perpetuity. This is in spite of the presumed restoration of independence, since the 1960s, of each of the states concerned. French presidents and top officials of the French republic since the end of World War II, irrespective of ideological or political orientation, attest to this key position in French international politics. Quests for African freedom from this subjugation will be central in charting the salient defining transformative features of African-French relations of this new millennium.

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Kundra, Sakul. "Narratives of French Travelers’ and Adventurer’s of Indian Education System." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 4 (2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.27.1.

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The French travelers and adventurers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries stated that Hindu philosophy, meteorology, Sanskrit language, literature, history and culture were taught by the Brahmans in schools. Indian education system has been a fascinating domain for the French voyager‟s observation who make compare and contrast with standard, knowledge and rationality of the Orient with Occidental world. Most of the travelers showed in their observations, a kind of superiority in terms of rationality and scientific knowledge of the west in comparison to east. These travelers highlighted a demeaning picture of Indian education system which according to them was based on sluggish, monotonous and irrational basis. The objective of this paper is to narrate the observations made by the French voyagers regarding Indian education system and its implications. Many firsthand French adventurers‟ records have been used in this paper in order to make an assessment of Indian education system by analyzing their records.Keywords: Education system, Vedas and Sanskrit language, Benaras sanctuary, Brahman role, Occident vs. Orient, Orthodox religious implications, Corruptness, Sluggishness, Astrologers

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Allen, Gerald R., and Mark V. Erdmann. "Chromis pacifica, a new Pacific Ocean damselfish distinct from Indian Ocean Chromis agilis (Teleostei: Pomacentridae)." Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation 35 (August 18, 2020): 102–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3988552.

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The common coral-reef damselfish, Chromis agilis Smith, 1960, has long been considered a widespread Indo-Pacific species, ranging from East Africa to French Polynesia and the Hawaiian Islands. The population from the western Indian Ocean looks different from the more well-known Pacific Ocean population and has been described separately as the species Chromis xutha Randall, 1988. However, Chromis agilis was described from type specimens from Seychelles and East Africa, and thus C. xutha is a junior synonym of Chromis agilis. The Pacific population widely recognized as C. agilis is therefore unnamed and is described here as the new species Chromis pacifica. It differs from true C. agilis by having a larger black spot at the base of the pectoral fin, lateral greyish to purplish stripes along scale rows, more dorsal-fin and pectoral-fin rays and lateral-line scales, and a larger size (up to 80 mm SL vs. 55 mm SL). An expanded diagnosis of C. agilis is presented, along with photographs illustrating the differences from C. pacifica

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Issur, Kumari. "Mapping ocean-state Mauritius and its unlaid ghosts: Hydropolitics and literature in the Indian Ocean." Cultural Dynamics 32, no. 1-2 (2020): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0921374019900703.

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In the wake of what has been termed “the scramble for the oceans,” the Republic of Mauritius lodged an application in 2012 with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to recognize its rights to an Exclusive Economic Zone that comprises a large expanse of the Indian Ocean, and subsequently redefined itself as an ocean-state. This new configuration raises as many issues as it answers. The Indian Ocean remains firmly central both to Mauritian history and to its imaginary. All at once, the endless fluidity of the ocean renders material traces and academic archeology harder, yet somehow it traps and sediments memory and meaning in some ways more profoundly than land. This article bores and drills into the historical, geopolitical, and ontological depths of ocean-state Mauritius with the figure of the ghost as motif, metaphor, and witness.

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James, D.J., P.T. Green, W.F. Humphreys, and J.C.Z. Woinarski. "Endemic species of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean." Records of the Western Australian Museum 34, no. 2 (2019): 55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13447485.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Many oceanic islands have high levels of endemism, but also high rates of extinction, such that island species constitute a markedly disproportionate share of the world's extinctions. One important foundation for the conservation of biodiversity on islands is an inventory of endemic species. In the absence of a comprehensive inventory, conservation effort often defaults to a focus on the better-known and more conspicuous species (typically mammals and birds). Although this component of island biota often needs such conservation attention, such focus may mean that less conspicuous endemic species (especially invertebrates) are neglected and suffer high rates of loss.

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James, D.J., P.T. Green, W.F. Humphreys, and J.C.Z. Woinarski. "Endemic species of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean." Records of the Western Australian Museum 34, no. 2 (2019): 55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13447485.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Many oceanic islands have high levels of endemism, but also high rates of extinction, such that island species constitute a markedly disproportionate share of the world's extinctions. One important foundation for the conservation of biodiversity on islands is an inventory of endemic species. In the absence of a comprehensive inventory, conservation effort often defaults to a focus on the better-known and more conspicuous species (typically mammals and birds). Although this component of island biota often needs such conservation attention, such focus may mean that less conspicuous endemic species (especially invertebrates) are neglected and suffer high rates of loss.

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James, D.J., P.T. Green, W.F. Humphreys, and J.C.Z. Woinarski. "Endemic species of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean." Records of the Western Australian Museum 34, no. 2 (2019): 55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13447485.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Many oceanic islands have high levels of endemism, but also high rates of extinction, such that island species constitute a markedly disproportionate share of the world's extinctions. One important foundation for the conservation of biodiversity on islands is an inventory of endemic species. In the absence of a comprehensive inventory, conservation effort often defaults to a focus on the better-known and more conspicuous species (typically mammals and birds). Although this component of island biota often needs such conservation attention, such focus may mean that less conspicuous endemic species (especially invertebrates) are neglected and suffer high rates of loss.

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James, D.J., P.T. Green, W.F. Humphreys, and J.C.Z. Woinarski. "Endemic species of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean." Records of the Western Australian Museum 34, no. 2 (2019): 55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13447485.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Many oceanic islands have high levels of endemism, but also high rates of extinction, such that island species constitute a markedly disproportionate share of the world's extinctions. One important foundation for the conservation of biodiversity on islands is an inventory of endemic species. In the absence of a comprehensive inventory, conservation effort often defaults to a focus on the better-known and more conspicuous species (typically mammals and birds). Although this component of island biota often needs such conservation attention, such focus may mean that less conspicuous endemic species (especially invertebrates) are neglected and suffer high rates of loss.

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