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1
Bandyopādhyāẏa, Śekhara. Caste, culture, and hegemony : Social domination in colonial Bengal. New Delhi : Sage Publications, 2004.
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2
Scrase, Timothy J. Image, ideology, and inequality : Cultural domination, hegemony, and schooling in India. New Delhi : Sage Publications, 1993.
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3
Suárez, Águeda Gómez. Culturas sexuales indígenas : México y otras realidades. Santiago de Compostela : Andavira, 2009.
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4
Domination and dissent : Peasants and politics. Calcutta : Mandira, 1985.
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5
Misir, Prem. The Subaltern Indian Woman : Domination and Social Degradation. Palgrave MacMillan, 2017.
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Misir, Prem. The Subaltern Indian Woman : Domination and Social Degradation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
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Misir, Prem. The Subaltern Indian Woman : Domination and Social Degradation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.
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8
Caste, Culture, and Hegemony : Social Domination in Colonial Bengal. Sage Publications, 2004.
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9
J, Wilson, et Jon E. Wilson. Domination of Strangers : Modern Governance in Eastern India, 1780-1835. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
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10
Wilson, Jon E. Domination of Strangers : Modern Governance in Eastern India, 1780-1835. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
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11
The Domination of Strangers Cambridge Imperial and PostColonial Studies. Palgrave MacMillan, 2011.
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12
Mitra, Durba. Indian Sex Life. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196350.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During the colonial period in India, European scholars, British officials, and elite Indian intellectuals—philologists, administrators, doctors, ethnologists, sociologists, and social critics—deployed ideas about sexuality to understand modern Indian society. This book shows how deviant female sexuality, particularly the concept of the prostitute, became foundational to this knowledge project and became the primary way to think and write about Indian society. The book reveals that deviant female sexuality was critical to debates about social progress and exclusion, caste domination, marriage, widowhood and inheritance, women's performance, the trafficking of girls, abortion and infanticide, industrial and domestic labor, indentured servitude, and ideologies about the dangers of Muslim sexuality. British authorities and Indian intellectuals used the concept of the prostitute to argue for the dramatic reorganization of modern Indian society around Hindu monogamy. The book demonstrates how the intellectual history of modern social thought is based in a dangerous civilizational logic built on the control and erasure of women's sexuality. This logic continues to hold sway in present-day South Asia and the postcolonial world. Reframing the prostitute as a concept, the book overturns long-established notions of how to write the history of modern social thought in colonial India, and opens up new approaches for the global history of sexuality.
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Scrase, Timothy J. Image, Ideology and Inequality : Cultural Domination, Hegemony and Schooling in India. SAGE Publications, Incorporated, 1993.
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14
McClish, Mark. Punishment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702603.003.0022.
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In Indic thought, the daṇḍa (“staff”) represented the king’s use of violence for the purpose of governance. His right and obligation as daṇḍadhara (“wielder of the staff”) to punish those deemed deserving of punishment under the law defined the king’s role in the legal system. In this sense, daṇḍa represented the legalization of domination, in which state violence was reckoned as just punishment. But the king was not the only one with a recognized right to punish. This chapter explores how daṇḍa was used to articulate and legitimize relations of domination within the legal imagination of Dharmaśāstra. It asks, in particular, who is conferred the right to punish and how much?
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Schemmel, Christian. Justice and Egalitarian Relations. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190084240.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Why does equality matter, as a social and political value, and what does it require? Relational egalitarians argue that it does not primarily require that people receive equal distributive shares of some good, but that they relate as equals. This book develops a liberal conception of relational equality, which understands relations of non-domination and egalitarian norms of social status as stringent demands of social justice. First, it argues that expressing respect for the freedom and equality of individuals in social cooperation requires stringent protections against domination; develops a substantive, liberal conception of non-domination; and argues that non-domination is a particularly important, but not the only, concern of social justice. These features set it apart from, and provide it with crucial advantages over, neo-republican accounts of non-domination. Second, the book develops an account of the wrongness of inegalitarian norms of social status, which shows how status-induced foreclosure of important social opportunities is a social injustice in its own right, over and above the role of status inequality in enabling domination, and the threats it poses to individuals’ self-respect. Finally, it works out the implications of liberal relational egalitarianism for political, economic, and health justice, showing that it demands, in practice, far-reaching forms of equality in all three domains. In so doing, the book draws on, and brings together, several different literatures: on social justice and liberalism, distributive and relational equality, the distinct value of social equality, and neo-republicanism and non-domination.
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Levien, Michael. Rajpura. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859152.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the pre-SEZ agrarian milieu of Rajpura, the study’s main fieldsite. On the eve of its dispossession, Rajpura was a monsoon-dependent agricultural and livestock-rearing village in which many farmers were already partially diversified from agriculture. Sharp class, caste, and gender inequalities reflected the failures of the postcolonial Indian state to effectively redistribute land, invest in education and social welfare, and tackle entrenched forms of social domination that characterized pre-independence rural Rajasthan. Unlike some parts of India, the village had little political history of peasant rebellion. These three factors would help the Rajasthan government produce compliance to dispossession in Rajpura, and would affect the ability of farmers to benefit from the economic changes unleashed by the Mahindra World City.
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Haines, Daniel. Sovereignty Entanglements in Kashmir. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190648664.003.0004.
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This chapter argues that Indian and Pakistani constructions of territorial sovereignty on the plains, heavily dependent on their positioning upstream or downstream, differed in the context of Kashmir. Several Indus Basin rivers flow through Kashmir before entering Pakistan. Dominating Kashmir therefore means having early access to river water, and the ability to construct water-control projects such as Pakistan’s Mangla Dam. One reason why India-Pakistan water relationships remain controversial is that the Indus Waters Treaty, representing a very narrow settlement of the water dispute, did not address the geopolitical challenges that Kashmir posed. The chapter therefore shows that competing Indian and Pakistani articulations of the link between water control and territorial sovereignty became even stronger in the context of the Kashmir dispute.
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Chandra, Nirmal Kumar. The Retarded Economies : Foreign Domination and Class Relations in India and Other Emerging Nations. Oxford University Press, USA, 1989.
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The retarded economies : Foreign domination and class relations in India and other emerging nations. Bombay : Published for Sameeksha Trust, Oxford University Press, 1988.
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20
Mehta, Rini Battacharya. Unruly Cinema. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043123.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Unruly Cinema is a meta-history of Indian cinema’s emergence and growth in correspondence with the colonial, postcolonial, and the neoliberal state. Indian popular cinema has grown steadily from the largest national film industry to a global cultural force. Between 1931 and 2000, Indian cinema overcame Hollywood’s domination of the Indian market, crafted a postcolonial national aesthetic, resisted the high modernist pull of art cinema, and eventually emerged as a seamless extension of India’s neoliberal ambitions. The major agent of these four shifts was a section of the Hindi cinema produced in Bombay, which came to be named and marketed as Bollywood in the twenty-first century. Through a systematic exposition of four historical periods, this book shows how Bollywood’s current dominance is an unlikely result of unruliness, that is, of a disorganized defiance of norms. Perpetually caught between an apathetic and adversarial government and an undefined public, Indian commercial cinema has thrived simply by defying control or normalization. The aesthetic turns of this cinema are guided by counter-effects, often unintended and always unruly.
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d'Errico, Peter P. Federal Anti-Indian Law. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216183563.
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Telling the crucial and under-studied story of the U.S. legal doctrines that underpin the dispossession and domination of Indigenous peoples, this book intends to enhance global Indigenous movements for self-determination. In this wide-ranging historical study of federal Indian law�the field of U.S. law related to Native peoples�attorney and educator Peter P. d'Errico argues that the U.S. government's assertion of absolute prerogative and unlimited authority over Native peoples and their lands is actually a suspension of law. Combining a deep theoretical analysis of the law with a historical examination of its roots in Christian civilization, d'Errico presents a close reading of foundational legal cases and raises the possibility of revoking the doctrine of domination. The book's larger context is the increasing frequency of Indigenous conflicts with nation-states around the world as ecological crises caused by industrial extraction impinge drastically on Indigenous peoples' existences. D'Errico's goal is to rethink the role of law in the global order�to imagine an Indigenous nomos of the earth, an order arising from peoples and places rather than the existing hegemony of states.
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Chakrabarty, Bidyut. Humanizing Humanity. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9789356409576.
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Humanizing Humanityis distinctively framed advocacy of the ways in which the concept of humanity has been defended by various ideologues of India like Tagore, Gandhi, and Ambedkar.By grounding itself in the epistemology of intellectual history, the book delineates how these three major thinkers visualised the ways in which society can be better humanized. Such a process of humanization for these thinkers forms the bedrock of the trajectory in which humanity may be preserved, amidst intense authoritarianism and the violent quest for power by a small minority in the society. The book is an attempt at exploring the strands of inter-textuality that exist when Tagore, Gandhi and Ambedkar’s thinking is situated in the ontic and epistemic context of a few humans' tendency to destroy humanity and the efforts of another section to create conditions for its preservation. Bidyut Chakrabarty does this by comparing the ways in which the Federalist Papers of the United States of America and the Indian Constitution manifest as quintessential texts that uphold the principles of liberty, equality, justice, and the protection of the weaker sections of society from structured strands of domination and exploitation.
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Davison, Gary M. A Short History of Taiwan. Praeger, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216014522.
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This concise account of Taiwan's history makes a cogent, compelling argument for the right of the Taiwanese people to declare their nation independent, if they so choose. Davison's bold stand—unprecedented from a Western author—challenges the one China notion advanced in the Shanghai Communique of 1972 and states unequivocally that, should independence be proclaimed, it could only be taken away by force if the international community sides with contemporary might over historical right. He argues that the possible conflict could be sufficiently incendiary to induce a major military clash between the United States, the People's Republic of China, and other major powers. Davison lets the facts of Taiwanese history make the case for Taiwan's existence as a unique national entity. A historical overview details the circumstances under which the Qing dynasty made its 17th century claim on the island, the events that led to cession to Japan in 1895, the origins of the Guomindang occupation during the Chinese Civil War, and the dramatic election of March 2000 that brought the Democratic Progressive Party's Chen Shuibian to office, ending Guomindang domination. After centuries of outsider domination, and over a hundred years of disconnection from any government exercising power over all of mainland China, the Taiwanese people are in a position to make a decision for national independence based on solid historical evidence.
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Jha, Mithilesh Kumar. Language Politics and Public Sphere in North India. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199479344.001.0001.
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Moving beyond the existing scholarship on language politics in north India which implicitly or explicitly focuses on Hindi–Urdu debates, this book examines the formation of the Maithili movement in the context of expansion of Hindi as the ‘national’ language. For a long time, the Hindi–Urdu debate has provided an important source to critically asses various facets of the nationalist movement in north India. But much emphasis on this debate has undermined simultaneous developments taking place in ‘minor’ linguistic spheres within the ‘Hindi heartland’ like Maithili, Braj, Awadhi, and Bhojpuri. This work also revisits the dynamic hierarchy through which a distinction is produced between ‘major’ and ‘minor’ languages. Significance of these ‘minor’ linguistic movements lies in the ways through which they resist such domination and appropriations while asserting their own independence. Throughout the history of the Maithili movement, what one finds is not just an opposition to Hindi’s claim of Maithili being its ‘dialect’ or the ambivalent relationship between the two. But more appropriately, one can see a double movement. The authority of Hindi has strengthened within the Maithili-speaking region even when the movement for the recognition of Maithili as an independent language has become more assertive. Another paradox of the Maithili movement has been its increasing politicization—from Hindi–Maithili ambiguities and antagonisms to territorial consciousness and finally demands for a separate statehood of Mithila, along with the persistent indifferent attitude of the masses. This work examines these processes historically since the middle of the nineteenth century until the inclusion of Maithili into the eighth schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2004.
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Singh, Ujjwal Kumar, et Anupama Roy. Election Commission of India. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199494255.001.0001.
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As the constitutional body that conducts elections, the Election Commission of India (ECI) has emerged as a trusted institution within the shared space of democracy in India. This process has, however, been a fraught one because of contestation over the ECI’s constitutional responsibility and the power of Parliament to make laws to govern electoral matters. This comprehensive monograph discusses the history of the ECI through a study of the measures it has adopted to ensure certainty of procedures in order to maintain the democratic uncertainty of electoral outcome. In this context, innovations such as the Model Code of Conduct have enhanced the rule-making powers of the ECI. Going beyond the ECI’s design and performance framework, Singh and Roy argue that changes in the nature of electoral contests and domination of political regimes have made the task of preserving electoral integrity and assuring its deliberative content a challenging one.
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Zehmisch, Philipp. Subaltern Migrations and the State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199469864.003.0004.
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This chapter considers the history of Andaman migration from the institutionalization of a penal colony in 1858 to the present. It unpicks the dynamic relationship between the state and the population by investigating genealogies of power and knowledge. Apart from elaborating on subaltern domination, the chapter also reconstructs subaltern agency in historical processes by re-reading scholarly literature, administrative publications, and media reports as well as by interpreting fieldwork data and oral history accounts. The first part of the chapter defines migration and shows how it applies to the Andamans. The second part concentrates on colonial policies of subaltern population transfer to the islands and on the effects of social engineering processes. The third part analyses the institutionalization of the postcolonial regime in the islands and elaborates on the various types of migration since Indian Independence. The final section considers contemporary political negotiations of migration in the islands.
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Grewal, J. S. In Search of Political Autonomy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199467099.003.0010.
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In August 1940, Master Tara Singh started negotiations with the Congress leaders about whether or not to support the government in its war efforts. Mahatma Gandhi’s response obliged him eventually to resign from the Congress Working Committee. Master Tara Singh supported the programme of the Khalsa Defence of India League formed early in 1941 under the leadership of Maharaja Yadvindra Singh of Patiala. In March 1942, Stafford Cripps brought a proposal that appeared to concede Pakistan. His mission failed but Master Tara Singh remained seriously perturbed over the possibility of the Sikhs being placed under perpetual Muslim domination. The Sikander–Baldev Singh Pact enabled Baldev Singh, a non-Akali legislator, to replace Dasaundha Singh as the Sikh minister in the Unionist ministry. Thus, Master Tara Singh’s idea was to strengthen the Sikh position without infringing his formal understanding with the Congress.
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Githire, Njeri. Edible Écriture. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038785.003.0005.
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This chapter links the themes of cannibals, pirates, and colonial conquest of islands to the consumption of literary texts as a commodity embedded within paradigms of domination and control. It specifically explores Comme un vol de papang' by Monique Agénor and La montagne des signaux by Marie-Thérèse Humbert, and relates these texts to questions of island specificity as base for discussion. The reading of Agénor's Comme un vol de papang' underscores the movement and dispersal of peoples within the Indian Ocean, and more precisely on the formation of the Afro-Malagasy diaspora in the Reunion Island. The reading of Humbert's La montagne des signaux explores the representation of the tourist as a power-hungry conqueror whose appetite for spectacle and illusion can only be sated by appropriation and more appropriation. Through an exploration of women writers, the chapter also highlights the gendering of the desert-island story as a male-centered text.
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Epstein, Rachel A. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809968.003.0006.
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The study’s findings from Europe have implications for other major powers, including that: (1) banking sector protectionism became increasingly costly given other liberalizing trends; (2) foreign-owned bank subsidiaries can provide more stable funding in crises than alternative foreign or even domestic bank activity; (3) foreign domination in finance limited catching up in the global economy, but in fact few states showed the capacity to exploit domestic banks for national goals; and (4) centralized bank governance through European Banking Union weakened bank–state ties in Europe, and elevated the role of markets there. This chapter analyzes the relevance of the findings for the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). China is perhaps the clearest case of a country struggling to both liberalize and retain the economic policy autonomy associated with a largely state-controlled financial system. The conclusion specifies the broader transformation in bank–state ties, but also its limits.
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Sell, Zach. Trouble of the World. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469661346.001.0001.
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In this innovative new study, Zach Sell returns to the explosive era of capitalist crisis, upheaval, and warfare between emancipation in the British Empire and Black emancipation in the United States. In this age of global capital, U.S. slavery exploded to a vastness hitherto unseen, propelled forward by the outrush of slavery-produced commodities to Britain, continental Europe, and beyond. As slavery-produced commodities poured out of the United States, U.S. slaveholders transformed their profits into slavery expansion. Ranging from colonial India to Australia and Belize, Sell’s examination further reveals how U.S. slavery provided not only the raw material for Britain’s explosive manufacturing growth but also inspired new hallucinatory imperial visions of colonial domination that took root on a global scale. What emerges is a tale of a system too powerful and too profitable to end, even after emancipation; it is the story of how slavery's influence survived emancipation, infusing empire and capitalism to this day.
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Wolters, Leonie. Cosmopolitan Elites and the Making of Globality. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350377073.
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As ideologies such as communism, fascism and various nationalisms vied for global domination during the first half of the 20th century, this book shows how a specific group of individuals - a cosmopolitan elite - became representatives of those ideologies the world over. Centering on the Indian intellectual M.N Roy, Cosmopolitan Elites and the Making of Globality situates his life within various social circles that covered several ideological realms and continents. An example of an individual who represented ideologies such as anticolonial nationalism, communism and humanism, Roy is identified as unusual but by no means singular in this capacity, and shows how other elites were similarly able to represent ideologies that sought to make the world anew. This book explores how Roy and his peers and competitors became a political elite as they cultivated a cosmopolitan reputation that meant they were taken seriously even when speaking of regions outside of their own. By considering the social and performative practices that turned them into credible, global, cosmopolitans, Wolters uncovers the exclusive basis on which the universal claims of world-changing ideologies were made.
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Sharma, Jayeeta. Food and Empire. Sous la direction de Jeffrey M. Pilcher. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199729937.013.0014.
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Between 1926 and 1933, the Empire Marketing Board used a myriad of advertisements, posters, exhibits, and films to promote the empire's food products to British homes. The publicity campaigns were intended to show that tea from India or fruit from Australia was not foreign, but also British. Whether the Board was successful in its bid to promote intra-imperial food consumption, indeed, whether those efforts were needed in the first place, was not clear. This article focuses on foods from Asia and America that were originally thought to be exotic in Europe, initially served as indicators of elite status, and their gradual dissemination downwards. It also examines the role of long-distance trade and modern technologies in the production and distribution of new agro-industrial foods across networks of imperial knowledge and commodity circulation. The article concludes by assessing the impact of global food corporations' domination in the contemporary era, which in many ways can be seen as the equivalent of the European and American empire of the past.
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Githire, Njeri. Dis(h)coursing Hunger. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038785.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the use of the trope of hunger in Lindsey Collen's There is a Tide (1990) and Mutiny (2001) to dispel the myth of Mauritius as a model of paradise that permeates historical, travel, and literary writing. In these texts, the plight of characters debilitated by lack of nourishment, literally and metaphorically, and symbolically consumed by the ravenous, parasitic apotheoses of capitalist market relations points to cannibalism as the ultimate act of domination. Specifically, Collen draws an analogy between the historic slavery that had been the economic basis of the island as a plantation colony, and contemporary economic processes that commodify bodies in the production of consumable goods. In this general scenario of cannibalistic cravings that threaten the autonomy of physical and national bodies, the predicament of the Chagossians (or Chagos Islanders)—forcibly displaced to Mauritius after their island was expropriated and turned into a strategic lynchpin for U.S. military operations in the Middle East and the wider Indian Ocean region—evokes territorial appropriation as spatial cannibalism par excellence. The chapter also highlights the newer forms of cannibal intent that continue to define islands' contact and subsequent negotiations with consumer culture.
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Aldama, Frederick Luis, dir. Graphic Indigeneity. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496828019.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Graphic Indigeneity: Comics in the Americas and Australasia brings together scholarship that interrogates mainstream comic book traditions that have negatively stereotyped as well as positively complicated Indigenous identities and experiences of terra America and Australasia. It also includes scholarship that analyzes how Indigenous comic book creators are themselves clearing new visual-verbal narrative spaces for articulating complex histories, cultures, experiences, and identities. Here, the volume also seeks to shed light on how the violent wounds of colonial and imperial domination across the globe connect Indigenous comic books creators in their expressions of survival, resistance, and affirmation. Comics analyzed include, but are not limited to, the following: The Phantom, Uncanny X-Men, Comanche Moon, Captain Canuck, Alpha Flight, Fighting Indians of the West, Footrot Flats, Ngarimu Te Tohu Toa, Turey el Taíno, La Borinqueña, Manuel Antonio Ay, Zotz, Will I See?, Super Indian, Deer Woman, Moonshot, Trickster: Native American Tales, Pablo’s Inferno, Supercholo, La Chola Power, Turbochaski, and Supay. This volume reminds the world of the ways pop culture has violently misrepresented Native and Indigenous peoples. It reminds the world of the significant presence of Native and Indigenous artists in creating counter-narratives that powerfully shape global histories and cultures.
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Zehmisch, Philipp. Mini-India. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199469864.001.0001.
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This contribution to political anthropology, migration research, and postcolonial studies fills a gap in the hitherto under-represented scholarship on the migrant and settler society of the Andaman Islands, called ‘Mini-India’. Focusing on political, social, economic, and cultural effects of migration, the main actors of the book stem from criminalized, low-caste, landless, refugee, repatriated, Adivasi, and other backgrounds of the subcontinent and South East Asia. Settling in this ‘new world’, some underprivileged migrants achieved social mobility, while others remained disenfranchised and marginal. Employing the concept of subalternity, this ethnographic study analyses various shades of inequality that arise from communities’ material and representational access to the state. It elaborates on the political repercussions of subaltern migration in negotiations of island history, collective identity, ecological sustainability, and resource access. The book is divided into three parts: Part I, titled ‘Theory, Methodology, and the Field’ introduces the reader into subaltern theory and the Andamans as fieldwork site. Part II, titled ‘Islands of Subalternity: Migration, Place-Making, and Politics’ concentrates on the Andaman society as a multi-ethnic conglomerate of subaltern communities in which stakes of history and identity are negotiated. Part III, titled ‘Landscapes of Subalternity: An Ethnography of the Ranchis of Mini-India’ focuses on the Ranchis, one particular community of 50,000 subaltern Adivasi migrants from the Chotanagpur region. It highlights the exploitative history of Ranchi contract labour migration, which triggered specific forms of cultural and ecological appropriation as well as multi-layered strategies of resistance against domination to achieve autonomy, autarchy, and peaceful cohabitation in the margins of the state.
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Harford Vargas, Jennifer. Forms of Dictatorship. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190642853.001.0001.
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An intraethnic study of Latina/o fiction written in the United States from the early 1990s to the present, this book examines novels that depict the historical reality of dictatorship and exploit dictatorship as a literary trope. This literature constitutes a new subgenre of Latina/o fiction that the author calls the Latina/o dictatorship novel. The book illuminates Latina/os’ central contributions to the literary history of the dictatorship novel by analyzing how U.S. Latina/os with national origin roots in the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central and South America imaginatively represent authoritarianism. The novels collectively generate what the author terms a “Latina/o counter-dictatorial imaginary” that positions authoritarianism on a continuum of domination alongside imperialism, white supremacy, heteropatriarchy, neoliberalism, and border militarization. The book reveals how Latina/o dictatorship novels foreground these modes of oppression to indict Latin American dictatorships, U.S. imperialism, and structural discrimination in the United States, as well as repressive hierarchies of power in general. The author simultaneously utilizes formalist analysis to investigate how Latina/o writers mobilize the genre of the novel and formal techniques such as footnotes, focalization, emplotment, and metafiction to depict dictatorial structures and relations. The author builds on narrative theories of character, plot, temporality, and perspective to explore how the Latina/o dictatorship novel stages power dynamics. The book thus queries the relationship between different forms of power and the power of narrative form—that is, between various instantiations of repressive power structures and the ways in which different narrative structures can reproduce and resist repressive power.
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Bhuta, Nehal, dir. Freedom of Religion, Secularism, and Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812067.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This interdisciplinary volume examines the relationship between secularism, freedom of religion, and human rights in legal, theoretical, historical, and political perspective. It brings together chapters from leading scholars of human rights, law and religion, political theory, religious studies, and history, and provides insights into the debate about the relationship between these concepts. It draws on constitutional and political discourses not only from Western Europe and the United States, but also from India, the Arab world, and Malaysia. Chapter 1 argues that the history of the interrelationship between secularity and freedom of conscience could be seen as a struggle over the organization and management of intolerance. Chapter 2 discusses secularism in terms of the principled distance of state from religion, requiring the state to respect religiosity but oppose institutionalized religious domination. Chapter 3 deals with Arab constitutions under which religious freedom is guaranteed but also circumscribed by the interests of community, official religion, and state. Chapter 4, highlighting the tensions around proselytization and conversion, discusses the way that ‘public order’ is often invoked to legitimize a religious/ethnic majoritarian agenda. Chapter 5 reinterprets contemporary ECtHR religious freedom cases in historical perspective. Chapter 6 considers the diversity of American religion and the ongoing difficulty of defining religion for US law. Finally, Chapter 7 cites a double threat faced by Europe—on one hand fundamentalist religion, on the other negative secularism—and seeks a positive secularism to embrace diversity of all types, religious and non-religious.
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Ron, James, Shannon Golden, David Crow et Archana Pandya. Taking Root. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199975044.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The number of rights organizations worldwide has grown exponentially, as the term “human rights” becomes increasingly common among politicians and civil society activists. As international donors pour money into global human rights promotion, many governments—as well as scores of scholars and activists—fear a subtle, Western-led campaign for political, economic, and cultural domination. This book asks: What do publics in the global South think? Drawing on surveys in India, Mexico, Morocco, and Nigeria, the book finds most people are in fact broadly supportive of human rights discourse, trust local, rights-promoting organizations, and do not view human rights as a tool of foreign powers. Pro-human rights constituencies, rather, tend to be highly skeptical of the U.S. government, of multinational corporations, and of their own governments. However, this generalized public support for the human rights “brand” is not grounded in strong commitments of public effort or money, or in dense social ties to the nongovernmental rights sector. Publics in the global South rarely give to their local rights groups, and few local rights organizations attempt to raise funds apart from foreign aid. This strategy is becoming increasingly untenable as governments crack down on foreign aid to civil society. The book also analyzes the complex relationships between religion and human rights, finding that public or social elements of religiosity are often associated with less support for human rights organizations. Personal religiosity, on the other hand, is often associated with more human rights support.
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Pham, Kevin D. The Architects of Dignity. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780197770306.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The Architects of Dignity: Vietnamese Visions of Decolonization traces an intergenerational debate among six major political figures in Vietnam who had competing visions for how the Vietnamese should respond to French colonial domination (1858–1954). Each of them—Phan Bội Châu (1867–1940), Phan Chu Trinh (1872–1926), Nguyễn An Ninh (1900–1943), Phạm Quỳnh (1892–1945), Hồ Chí Minh (1890–1969), and Nguyễn Mạnh Tường (1909–1997)—traveled abroad and returned to Vietnam with ideas for how the Vietnamese should generate power among themselves, how they should approach their cultural traditions given the influx of new ideas from the West, and how they should envision a future Vietnam. These thinkers engaged in cross-cultural political thinking, drawing on Indian, Japanese, Chinese, French, and German thinkers, and more, conducting what political theorists would today call an engaged form of “Comparative Political Theory.” Despite their differences, they sought to channel feelings of national shame and inadequacy for constructive, dignifying ends. In contrast to theorists who tend to view shame as a destructive form of false consciousness, these thinkers show how shame can be an emotional engine to generate power for anticolonialism and self-determination. And while dignity is typically understood in the West as something inherent in individuals, as a justification for rights, and as requiring recognition, these Vietnamese thinkers saw dignity as a property of nations, as rooted in the duties a nation’s people embrace, and as something to be asserted by the nation instead of being dependent on recognition by colonizers.
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Inayatullah, Naeem, et David L. Blaney. Units, Markets, Relations, and Flow : Beyond Interacting Parts to Unfolding Wholes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.272.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Heterodox work in Global Political Economy (GPE) finds its motive force in challenging the ontological atomism of International Political Economy (IPE) orthodoxy. Various strains of heterodoxy that have grown out of dependency theory and World-Systems Theory (WST), for example, emphasize the social whole: Individual parts are given form and meaning within social relations of domination produced by a history of violence and colonial conquest. An atomistic approach, they stress, seems designed to ignore this history of violence and relations of domination by making bargaining among independent units the key to explaining the current state of international institutions. For IPE, it is precisely this atomistic approach, largely inspired by the ostensible success of neoclassical economics, which justifies its claims to scientific rigor. International relations can be modeled as a market-like space, in which individual actors, with given preferences and endowments, bargain over the character of international institutional arrangements. Heterodox scholars’ treatment of social processes as indivisible wholes places them beyond the pale of acceptable scientific practice. Heterodoxy appears, then, as the constitutive outside of IPE orthodoxy.Heterodox GPE perhaps reached its zenith in the 1980s. Just as heterodox work was being cast out from the temple of International Relations (IR), heterodox scholars, building on earlier work, produced magisterial studies that continue to merit our attention. We focus on three texts: K. N. Chaudhuri’s Asia Before Europe (1990), Eric Wolf’s Europe and the People Without History (1982), and L. S. Stavrianos’s Global Rift (1981). We select these texts for their temporal and geographical sweep and their intellectual acuity. While Chaudhuri limits his scope to the Indian Ocean over a millennium, Wolf and Stavrianos attempt an anthropology and a history, respectively, of European expansion, colonialism, and the rise of capitalism in the modern era. Though the authors combine different elements of material, political, and social life, all three illustrate the power of seeing the “social process” as an “indivisible whole,” as Schumpeter discusses in the epigram below. “Economic facts,” the region, or time period they extract for detailed scrutiny are never disconnected from the “great stream” or process of social relations. More specifically, Chaudhuri’s work shows notably that we cannot take for granted the distinct units that comprise a social whole, as does the IPE orthodoxy. Rather, such units must be carefully assembled by the scholar from historical evidence, just as the institutions, practices, and material infrastructure that comprise the unit were and are constructed by people over the longue durée. Wolf starts with a world of interaction, but shows that European expansion and the rise and spread of capitalism intensified cultural encounters, encompassing them all within a global division of labor that conditioned the developmental prospects of each in relation to the others. Stavrianos carries out a systematic and relational history of the First and Third Worlds, in which both appear as structural positions conditioned by a capitalist political economy. By way of conclusion, we suggest that these three works collectively inspire an effort to overcome the reification and dualism of agents and structures that inform IR theory and arrive instead at “flow.”
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Messham-Muir, Kit, Uroš Čvoro et Monika Lukowska-Appel, dir. The Politics of Artists in War Zones. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350386006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This volume explores the role contemporary art plays within conversations around war and imperialism, bringing together chapters from leading international contemporary artists, theorists and curators, alongside the voices of contemporary war artists through original edited interviews. What exactly is contemporary war art in the West today? The Politics of Artists in War Zones considers the place of contemporary war art in the 2020s, a whole generation after 9/11 and long past the ‘War on Terror’. It addresses newly-emerged contexts in which war is found: not only sites of contemporary conflicts such as Ukraine, Yemen and Syria, but everywhere in western culture, from social media to ‘culture’ wars. With interviews from official war artists working in the UK, the US and Australia, such as eX de Medici (Australia) and David Cotterrell (UK), as well as those working in post-colonial contexts, such as Baptist Coelho (India), the editors reflect on contemporary processes of memorialisation, the impact of British colonising in Australia and India, and its relation to historical conflicts. It focuses on three overlapping themes: firstly, the role of memory and amnesia in colonial contexts; secondly, the complex role of ‘official’ war art; and thirdly, questions of testimony and knowing in relation to alleged war crimes, torture and genocide. Richly illustrated, and featuring three substantial interview chapters, The Politics of Artists in War Zones is a hands-on exploration of the complexities and challenges faced by war artists that contextualises the tensions between the contemporary art world and the portrayal of war. It is essential reading for researchers of fine art, curatorial studies, museum studies, conflict studies and photojournalism. What exactly is contemporary war art today? Edited by Kit Messham-Muir, Uroš Čvoro and Monika Lukowska-Appel, Art in Conflict: The Politics of Artists in War Zones brings together chapters from leading international contemporary artists, theorists and curators, plus the voices of contemporary war artists through original edited interviews. Art in Conflict focuses on three overlapping themes dominating current western war art: firstly, the role of memory and amnesia in colonial contexts; secondly, the complex role of ‘official’ war art, a subgenre of contemporary war art peculiar to Australia, Canada and the UK, each with a century-long evolving tradition of official war art; and thirdly, questions of testimony and knowing in relation to alleged war crimes, torture and genocide. A strong undercurrent throughout Art in Conflict is western colonialism and military intervention, both historically and within living memory. This is particularly relevant to the Anglophone world, currently subject to the overdue widescale critique of violent Western colonising and re-colonising. Many chapters and interviews address the impact of British colonising in Australia, India and its relation to historical conflicts, and more recent expeditionary ventures with the US’s War on Terror. Art in Conflict includes chapters from leading contemporary artists, theorists and curators, Ana Carden-Coyne, Charles Green, Anthea Gunn and Laura Webster, Paul Lowe, Lisa Slade, Kit Messham-Muir and Uroš Čvoro, who discuss the war art of Tony Albert, Khadim Ali, John Akomfrah, Derek Eland, Lana Čmajčanin, Indigenous Australian Aṉangu artists, Gertrude Kearns, Mladen Miljanović, Michael Zavros and others. Uniquely, this book features three substantial interview chapters drawn from hours of conversation with some of the world’s leading contemporary practitioners and experts, including Abdul Abdullah, Alana Hunt, eX de Medici, (Australia), David Cotterrell, Andrew Sneddon (UK), Baptist Coelho (India), Todd Stone (US), Karen Bailey and Phillip Cheung (Canada), as well as eminent war historian Prof Joanna Bourke (Birkbeck, London).
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Chattopadhyay, Swati. Small Spaces. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350288256.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Small Spaces recasts the history of the British empire by focusing on the small spaces that made the empire possible. It takes as its subject a series of small architectural spaces, objects, and landscapes and uses them to narrate the untold stories of the marginalized people—the servants, women, children, subalterns, and racialized minorities—who held up the infrastructure of empire. In so doing it opens up an important new approach to architectural history: an invitation to shift our attention from the large to the small scale. Taking the British empire in India as its primary focus, this book presents fourteen short, readable chapters to explore an array of overlooked places and spaces. From cook rooms and slave quarters to outhouses, go-downs, and medicine cupboards, each chapter reveals how and why these kinds of minor spaces are so important to understanding colonialism. With the focus of history so often on the large scale – global trade networks, vast regions, and architectures of power and domination – Small Spaces shows instead how we need to rethink this aura of magnitude so that our reading is not beholden such imperialist optics. With chapters which can be read separately as individual accounts of objects, spaces, and buildings, and introductions showing how this critical methodology can challenge the methods and theories of urban and architectural history, Small Spaces is a must-read for anyone wishing to decolonize disciplinary practices in the field of architectural, urban, and colonial history. Recasting the Architecture of the British Empire is an invitation to shift our attention to the small spaces that have long been considered insignificant because of their size or location, or the minor role they seemingly play in economic and political histories. Such spaces are discontinuous, never front and center. They are work spaces, storage spaces, cook rooms, and bottlekhanas—spaces with uncertain names and hazy genealogies. Spaces of privacy and privation, they tremor with unanticipated potential. Drawing on the archive of the British empire, Chattopadhyay offers a new approach to spaces such as the kitchen and verandah, and artifacts like the book shelf and a box of homeopathic medicine to demonstrate how attention to small scale and size, and the lived worlds of small spaces might help us rethink empire as a global enterprise.