Thèses : « Industrial location – European Union countries »

1

Campbell, Carolyn. « The impact of association with the EU on domestic industrial policy making : the case of Poland 1990-1995 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:51fa56c3-5e4c-4cfc-ad8e-f0073dd8063d.

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This thesis is a case study of the effects of association with the EU on domestic industrial policy making in Poland during 1990-1995 from a liberal intergovernmentalist perspective, showing how association affected the industrial policy-making autonomy of the Government in relation to other domestic actors in two ways. First, because domestic interests were weak and divided in transition-era Poland, the EU provided political leaders with a sharper focus and allowed them to consolidate domestic support for government industrial policy initiatives. Second, where domestic opposition arose, association helped political leaders to overcome it by giving industrial policy initiatives greater legitimacy and allowing them to be portrayed as "mandatory" for EU membership. The manner in which the Government handled domestic pressure for intervention from state enterprises seeking to avoid painful adjustments and restructuring during the transition offers a prime test of the effects of EU association on industrial policy-making autonomy. In most areas, the pro-market, pro-competition policies mandated by EU association were incompatible with the nature and level of governmental involvement in industry under socialism, requiring an end to state subsidies and other forms of discretionary support enjoyed by state enterprises for nearly four decades. Incorporating case studies of the steel and textiles sectors, this thesis illustrates how in the context of transition, the Government's commitment to EU association was stronger than for other recent EU members and ensured that the Government would deviate from the course charted in the Association Agreement only in cases of intense domestic pressure, and even then only temporarily. Accordingly, in a new twist to liberal intergovernmentalism, Poland's transitional domestic situation coupled with the country's enduring commitment to eventual EU membership ensured that the effects of association on policy-making autonomy were more pronounced in Poland than in existing member states.

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Faber, Pierre Anthony. « Industrial relations, flexibility, and the EU social dimension : a comparative study of British and German employer response to the EU social dimension ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:959fa1ee-cd08-450b-8e94-68b9858dd9e3.

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This study sets out to explore employer response to the EU social dimension, in answer to the question, "How are employers in the UK and Germany responding to the EU social dimension, and why?" Using case study evidence from nine large British and German engineering companies, as well as material from employers' associations at all levels, it is argued that there is little employer support for extending the social dimension. Focusing on micro-economic aspects of the debate, it is also argued that a common feature in both British and German employer opposition is a concern for the impact of EU industrial relations regulation on firm-level flexibility. This stands in direct contradiction of the EU Commission's own contentions about the flexibility-enhancing effects of its social policy measures, and appears paradoxical in light of earlier research findings of a German flexibility advantage over UK rivals on account of the country's well-structured regulatory framework for industrial relations. Evidence from participant companies, however, suggests that, in the global environment of the late 1990s, much of Germany's former flexibility advantage has been eroded, and the regulation-induced limitations on both the pace and scale of change are increasingly onerous to German companies. German managers perceive a need for targeted deregulatory reform of their industrial relations system; by strengthening (and often extending) existing industrial relations regulation, EU social policy measures meet with firm disapproval. In the UK, by contrast, the changed context has contributed to a significant increase in firm-level flexibility. British companies now operate to levels of flexibility often in advance of their German counterparts, at far lower 'cost' in terms of the time taken, and the extent to which change measures are compromised, to reach agreement. For British managers, EU social policy measures are perceived as a threat to these beneficial arrangements, and vigorously opposed. The thesis concludes by suggesting that such fixed opposition, in the face of Commission determination to extend the EU social dimension, points to an escalation of the controversy surrounding the social dimension.

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Galgau, Olivia. « Essays in international economics and industrial organization ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210773.

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The aim of the thesis is to further explore the relationship between economic integration and firm mobility and investment, both from an empirical and a theoretical perspective, with the objective of drawing conclusions on how government policy can be used to strengthen the positive impact of integration on investment, which is crucial in moving and maintaining countries at the forefront of the technology frontier and accelerating economic growth in a world of rapid technical change and high mobility of ideas, goods, services, capital and labor.

The first chapter aims to bring together the literature on economic integration, firm mobility and investment. It contains two sections: one dedicated to the literature on FDI and the second covering the literature on firm entry and exit, economic performance and economic and business regulation.

In the second chapter I examine the relationship between the Single Market and FDI both in an intra-EU context and from outside the EU. The empirical results show that the impact of the Single Market on FDI differs substantially from one country to another. This finding may be due to the functioning of institutions.

The third chapter studies the relationship between the level of external trade protection put into place by a Regional Integration Agreement(RIA)and the option of a firm from outside the RIA block to serve the RIA market through FDI rather than exports. I find that the level of external trade protection put in place by the RIA depends on the RIA country's capacity to benefit from FDI spillovers, the magnitude of set-up costs of building a plant in the RIA and on the amount of external trade protection erected by the country from outside the reigonal block with respect to the RIA.

The fourth chapter studies how the firm entry and exit process is affected by product market reforms and regulations and impact macroeconomic performance. The results show that an increase in deregulation will lead to a rise in firm entry and exit. This in turn will especially affect macroeconomic performance as measured by output growth and labor productivity growth. The analysis done at the sector level shows that results can differ substantially across industries, which implies that deregulation policies should be conducted at the sector level, rather than at the global macroeconomic level.
Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie
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Barker, Roger M. « Competition, parties and the determinants of change in European corporate governance : a macro-comparative analysis / ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ouls.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:31d9f1df-60e4-413d-80b2-e35e8790bac9.

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Šerić, Adnan. « Three empirical essays on determinants of industry and investment location patterns in the context of economic transition and regional integration : the evidence from Central and Eastern European countries ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2098.

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The factor determinants of industry and investment location patterns in transition economies can be expected to differ from those frequently observed in developed countries. Historically, centrally planned economies have suffered from inefficient industrial policies that are generally assumed to have had distortive effects on spatial location of industry. The process of economic transition and regional integration that followed the demise of socialist structures is assumed to have subsequently affected the geographical distribution of economic activities within and between countries of the region. Given the above this thesis capitalises on the quasi-natural experiment setting to further explore industry and investment location decisions in transition economies. In particular, the research presented here follows three main objectives. First, it intends to provide a comprehensive picture of changes in industry location patterns over time. Second, it aims to contribute to the debate on factor determinants of industry location at various levels of spatial aggregation. Third, it seeks to explore location determinants of foreign direct investors in particular, given their pivotal role for economic development of transition economies. In all instances, the research is geared towards a better understanding of the role of institutional factors, such as reforms and policies, in affecting distribution of economic activity across space. Thus, the work conducted qualifies as a further contribution to the analysis of structural changes that have affected the economies under examination. In broad terms, the findings presented here point towards significant changes in spatial location patterns of industry and investments that are leading to increased polarisation of economic landscape over time. Nonetheless, we find evidence that certain institutional factors qualify as viable policy levers, thereby providing ample scope for policy makers to impact existing location patterns of economic activity.

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Dufresne, Anne. « Les stratégies de l'euro-syndicalisme sectoriel : étude de la coordination salariale et du dialogue social ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210769.

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The main contribution of my thesis is the analysis of substantial empirical material that I have collected from Community trade union actors. My analysis focuses on the institutional strategies of the sectoral European trade union federations and their implications for the Europeanisation of wages policy. I have demonstrated that the development of European coordination processes of national collective bargaining, particularly at sectoral level, has contributed to reviving the concept of collective bargaining and professional relations in the European Area, which until then had been covered in the literature by the social dialogue. I have identified three obstacles to collective negociations at a European level: the “depoliticised” wage in the economic partnership, employers identified as the “lobby partner” in the sectoral social dialogue, and the difficulties encountered in the Europeanisation of trade unions.

L’apport majeur de notre thèse est l’analyse d’un matériel empirique conséquent que nous avons collecté auprès des acteurs syndicaux communautaires. Notre analyse se concentre sur les stratégies institutionnelles des fédérations syndicales sectorielles européennes et sur leurs implications en matière d’européanisation de la politique salariale. Nous avons démontré que le développement des processus de coordination européenne des négociations collectives nationales, en particulier au niveau sectoriel, peut contribuer à renouveler la conception de la négociation collective et des relations professionnelles dans l’espace européen jusqu’alors appréhendée dans la littérature par le dialogue social. Nous avons identifié trois obstacles à la négociation collective européenne :le salaire « dépolitisé » dans le partenariat économique, le patronat devenu « partenaire-lobby » dans le dialogue social sectoriel, et la difficile européanisation syndicale.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie
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Nogueira, Pedro Sá Ferreira Amaral. « A localização económica na União Europeia ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14941.

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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus
Este trabalho é um estudo sobre a localização dos sectores de atividade económica na União Europeia, um elemento fundamental para compreender as estruturas económicas dos seus países membros. Com enfoque empírico, é feita a análise da especialização dos países e da concentração e distribuição de todos os sectores económicos, com destaque para o sector industrial, no período entre 1995 e 2014, com recurso à informação da base de dados STAN da OCDE. Procurou-se também avaliar os impactos na localização económica de acontecimentos relevantes que ocorreram no período, nomeadamente a introdução do euro, o alargamento da União Europeia aos países do Leste, e a crise financeira de 2008. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam o impacto assinalável destes acontecimentos e revelam tendências no período como a convergência global da estrutura económica dos países e a concentração de atividade na maioria dos sectores, concentração especialmente intensa no sector industrial.
This is a study about the location of economic activity in the European Union, a key element for the understanding of the economic structures of its member states. With an empirical focus, this work measures countries specialization and the concentration and distribution of economic activities, with a focus on the industrial sector, between 1995 and 2014, based on data from the OECD STAN database. Also present was a search for the consequences of major events that occurred during that period, namely the introduction of the euro, the eastern enlargement of the European Union, and the 2008 financial crisis. The results show these events to have had a significant impact and also reveal the global convergence of economic structures during that time frame and the growing concentration of most economic activities, namely those on the industrial sector.
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PARKS, Louisa. « In the corridors and in the streets : a comparative study of the impacts of social movement campaigns in the EU ». Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/25335.

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Defence date: 9 January 2009
Examining Board: Prof. Donatella della Porta (EUI/External Supervisor); Prof. Laszlo Bruszt, EUI; Prof. Sidney Tarrow, Cornell University; Prof. Carlo Ruzza, University of Leicester
First available online on 12 March 2019
This doctoral thesis aims to trace the impacts of campaigns carried out by coalitions of social movement organisations in the transnational arena of the EU. In order to accomplish this task, an original approach to process tracing is adopted using methods used in social movement studies. The internal aspects of campaigns are investigated using a dynamic, cross-time and multi-level, frame analysis, while the contexts of the campaigns are analysed through political and discursive opportunity approaches adapted to the peculiarities of the EU arena. Four case studies, including two campaigns concerned with environmental / public health policy (GMOs and coexistence, and the REACH legislation) and two concerned with broadly defined social policy (the mid-term review of the Lisbon agenda and the Services directive), make up the empirical part of the study. Drawing on documentary evidence as well as semi-structured interviews with staff members from the core SMOs involved in each campaign at the Brussels level, the processes leading to access, agenda, or policy outcomes (or indeed non-outcomes) are traced using the analytical methods mentioned above. These processes provide the basis for preliminary conclusions on the nature of campaigning in the EU. Elite allies are found to be important in securing desired outcomes in campaigns, as are solid, previously agreed shared frames between coalition organisations. The cases also show that the EU is not an arena where conventional tactics (i.e. lobbying) are always enough – indeed the ability to campaign effectively at multiple levels using appropriate tactics is identified as a major factor in campaigns that saw positive outcomes. This finding challenges the idea that the EU arena is unsuitable to protest actions (e.g. Marks and McAdam 1996). Finally, the study uncovers the beginnings of a divide between ‘technical’ and ‘political’ campaigns in the EU. Stemming from the finding that national contexts still provided the opportunities or threats that appeared most important in campaign outcomes, the cases showed that where campaigns were more ‘political’ - in that they were more ideologically charged - groups were more likely to be able to mobilise grassroots members and secure their desired outcomes. In more ‘technical’ cases, where the European Commission played a greater role, mobilisation efforts were subdued as groups sunk their resources in long cycles of consultation and knowledge production geared to the needs of the Commission.

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GILLI, Andrea. « Unipolarity, technological change and arms manufacturing : explaining industrial alliances in the European defense industry ». Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/32132.

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Defence date: 11 June 2014
Examining Board: Professor Anand Menon, King’s College London Professor Ulrich Krotz, European University Institute Dr. Antonio Missiroli, European Union Institute for Security Studies Professor Pascal Vennesson, European University Instiute/Rajaratnam School of International Studies (Supervisor).
The European Defence Agency and the Egmont Institute awarded Andrea Gilli, author of the EUI PhD thesis, the 2015 EDA-Egmont PhD prize for his research work on armaments cooperation.
The EDA-Egmont PhD prize was created in 2013 to stimulate research in the field of European defence, security and strategy. The prize rewards research work undertaken as part of a PhD thesis carried out at a recognised academic institution.
Why do countries cooperate for the production of some weapon systems and not some others? Existing IR theories cannot fully answer these questions. In this thesis, I focus on Europe – the area in the world where armaments cooperation has been pursued more extensively. Drawing from the existing literature in international relations theory, in management studies and industrial organization, I make two claims. First, the stability of the post-Cold War era has generally given European countries – although to different extents – an incentive to gear their defense policies towards the protection of domestic jobs and the promotion of military export rather than towards capabilities development. Second, in order to achieve these goals, EU countries have strategically cooperated on the production of some specific weapon systems rather than others. By altering the structure of the market, and thus creating winners and losers, technological change can explain this variation. In my dissertation I show that European countries were more likely to pursue cooperation in armaments production when either an exogenous and relatively major technological change made their defense industries less competitive in export markets (architectural change) or when extremely advanced components were necessary to compete in global armament markets (modular innovations). Conversely, European countries were less likely to cooperate when either an industry was characterized by linear improvements (evolutionary change) – and thus cooperation could only harm domestic industry and employment – or when a revolutionary innovation emerged (radical change). In this latter instance, each country had a strong interest in pursuing its own program so to create a domestic industrial base and, eventually, establish the industry’s dominant design, thus becoming market leader. 2 I test my theory on three case studies. Building on industry statistics, specialized publications and structured and unstructured interviews w

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SMISMANS, Stijn. « Functional participation in European occupational health and safety policy : democratic nightmare or additional source of legitimacy ? » Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4787.

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Defence date: 14 January 2002
Examining Board: Prof. G. de Búrca (EUI Law Department), co-supervisor ; Prof. R. Dehousse (Institut d'Etudes Politiques, Paris/ former EUI Law Department), supervisor ; Judge K. Lenaerts (Court of First Instance/ and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) ; Prof. P.C. Schmitter (EUI Department of Political and Social Sciences)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

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GEBSKI, Szymon. « The legal framework of EU state aid in light of the more economic approach : protecting competition or promoting a European industrial policy ? » Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/27189.

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Defence date: 3 June 2013
Examining Board: Professor Heike Schweitzer, Universität Mannheim / EUI Supervisor Professor Giorgio Monti, EUI Professor Leigh Hancher, Tilburg University Mr Nicola Pesaresi, European Commission.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This research aims to analyse the prohibition of State aid and compatibility assessments in the EU from the perspective of the 'more economic approach’ (MEA). The hypothesis enunciated in the thesis is that the MEA in State aid is applied in an instrumental manner, which goes beyond the paradigm of control justified by the coordination of national policies and the reduction of distortions of competition. Hence, the shift takes place with regard to: (i) the definition of the aims of public intervention and (ii) the methods of aid assessment. Firstly, by means of the MEA the Commission pursues a horizontal industrial policy, which presupposes a more pro-active approach and verification of the positive effects of aid, to the detriment of its negative effects. Secondly, the use of the MEA is policy driven - the Commission chooses the MEA to better regulate positive criteria for compatibility of aid, while avoiding applying refined economic analysis: (i) to the definition of aid and (ii) to assess the magnitude of the negative effects of aid. The research conducted here is oriented around four horizontal lines: (i) conflict and complementarities between competition and industrial policy, based on the analysis of State aid rules (ii) shift from negative to positive integration, which implies a transformation of State aid control and coordination into a State aid policy and has consequences for the aims and substantive criteria of the legal framework (iii) a 'better regulation’ of State aid by means of the MEA (iv) the competence of the Member States versus the competence of the Commission in the State aid legal framework.

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SAUTER, Wolf. « The relationship between industrial and competition policy under the economic constitution of the European Union, with a case study of telecommunications ». Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4778.

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LAWTON, Thomas C. « Technology and the new diplomacy : the creation and control of EC industrial policy, with special reference to semiconductors ». Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5313.

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Defence date: 9 June 1995
Examining board: Michael Borrus (University of California at Barkeley) ; Prof. Roger Morgan (European University Institute) ; Prof. Lynn Mytelka (Carleton University and the University of Paris X, Nanterre) ; Prof. Susan Strange (Supervisor, Warwick University) ; Prof. Douglas Webber (INSEAD, Fontainebleau)
First made available online 14 November 2016.
This thesis is concerned with the changing nature of European Community (EC) policies towards semiconductor producing firms. It is an important tale to recount, as industrial affairs have, since the early 1980s, been at the forefront of Europe's search for common areas of action. The creation of a single Community-wide industrial policy may thus be viewed as another substantial step towards economic and political union. Whereas other works look at the European Monetary System (EMS) for instance, and test its success or failure as a policy to enhance integration, I look at industrial policy and endeavour to place it in the context of the integration process. One of the hypotheses which I want to develop in this work is that EC policy for the semiconductor industry evolved as part of the Community's efforts to create a common area of action for industrial affairs. The shift in policy emphasis away from the national and towards the EC level for this industry, established semiconductors as the Community's vanguard high technology industry in the post-Single European Act drive towards economic integration. This hypothesis can only be tested through a critical study of EC industrial policy. In undertaking such a study, I am aware of the need to advance a definition of this much abused concept, and to identify its constituent policy mechanisms. Moreover, it is essential to look at how policy evolves and who (i.e. which actors) exerts the greatest degree of control over the policy-making process.

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BOUTERSE, Rosita B. « Competition and integration - what goals count ? : EEC competition law and goals of industrial, monetary, and cultural policy ». Doctoral thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4579.

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Defence date: 9 November 1992
Examining board: Christian Joerges, European University Institute (supervisor) ; Richard H. Lauwaars, University of Amsterdam (co-supervisor) ; Michael Albers, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels ; Renaud Dehousse, European University Institute ; Walter van Gerven, European Court of Justice, Luxembourg
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

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Tomás, Carla Alexandra Claro. « Energy efficiency and sustainable growth in the industrial sector, evidence of European Union countries, Nonlinear ARDL approach ». Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/9839.

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Energy efficiency and sustainable development, are the focus of many countries in the current times. This work analyses the energy efficiency in the industrial sector for 11 European Union countries for the time span of 1997 till 2013. The applied methodology focuses on the Nonlinear ARDL model, which allows to analyses the short and long run relationships in the ascending and descending movement of the variables. The main results indicate that the investment made in the economy are incremating energy efficiency and reducing the greenhouse gases (GHG). Economic growth is pushing the economy towards energy efficiency the same output is found in the Industry energy prices index. As robustness, the Environmental Kuznets curve using the GDPPC and as an alternative, the IPI are estimated. To ensure a rapid growth of energy efficiency and sustainable growth policymakers, must change and build new policies that lead to a greater investment to achieve the sustainable and efficient growth.
Eficiência energética e crescimento sustentável são um alvo a atingir para muitos países. Considerando este foco, este trabalho centra-se na análise da relação entre a eficiência energética do sector industrial e o crescimento económico para o período de temporal de 1997 a 2013 em 11 países da União Europeia. Para esta análise foi utilizado o modelo NARDL, de forma a analisar efeitos de curto e longo-prazo, bem como movimento ascendentes e descendentes das varáveis consideradas neste estudo. Após a análise efetuada algumas das principais conclusões deste estudo revelam que o investimento efetuado pelo sector empresarial está a ser feito no sentido de atingir a eficiência energética e simultaneamente a redução de emissão de gases efeito de estufa (GHG). Outro resultado importante é o impacto do crescimento económico na eficiência energética, sendo que se verifica que o crescimento económico impulsiona o aumento da eficiência energética. Este resultado também se verifica com o índice de preços de energia do sector industrial, sendo que a existência de um preço incentiva o aumento da eficiência energética. Como robustez foi efetuada a curva de Kuznets ambiental (EKC), com o GDPPC e como alternativa o IPI, de forma a perceber como atingir a eficiência energética bem como o crescimento sustentável. Estes resultados revelam que os decisores políticos devem melhorar e criar novas politicas de incentivo ao crescimento sustentável e à eficiência energética. Politicas essas que se podem centrar no conceito de gestão da procura (DSM), como o real-time pricing, ou politicas de incentivo ao investimento e desenvolvimento tecnológico.

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Henriques, Maria Manuel de Amaro Brito. « Assessing the Industry 4.0 divide across sectors - Evidence from European enterprises ». Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/123483.

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Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Statistics and Information Management, specialization in Information Analysis and Management
Since the First Industrial Revolution, the world has seen the arrival of factories, massive assembly lines, and innovations that changed the way people lived. Since then, there has been a shift from analogue devices to digital ones. We are now in the digital era, in which people, processes, and technologies are more connected than ever. Information is everywhere, in everything. Enterprises are investing more in innovations to optimize their business models. Technologies such as the Internet of Things, Big Data Analytics, Cyber-Physical Systems, and Cloud Computing are revolutionizing the way enterprises, academia, and politicians think and act in the face of innovation. It is the beginning of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The proposed study makes use of factor and cluster analysis to evaluate what the dimensions are that characterize the implementation of Industry 4.0 in different economic sectors and European Union countries. The study also tackles how the diverse sectors and countries compare to one another and, consequently, which of the two groups – sectors or countries – influence more strongly the discrepancies in Industry 4.0 implementation levels.

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Numbi, Theresia Charles. « The implementation of countervailing measures in Tanzania : challenges and constraints ». Thesis, 2013. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3748_1380786678.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Industrial location – European Union countries »

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