Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Industrial soil pollution »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Industrial soil pollution"
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Khudhur, Shelan Mustafa, et Nashmeel Saeed Khudhur. « Soil Pollution Assessment from Industrial Area of Erbil City ». Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 17, no 4 (25 juin 2015) : 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10440.
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E., Aslanova, Guliyeva M. et Allahverdiyeva T. « Soil Pollution with Industrial Waste ». Bulletin of Science and Practice 10, no 11 (11 novembre 2024) : 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/108/13.
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In modern times, one of the dangerous processes of biosphere pollution is pollution by heavy metals, they accumulate excessively in the atmosphere and pedosphere. Pollution by scale and degree of impact on biological objects, including humans, heavy metals occupy a special place among pollutants. Among heavy metals, especially dangerous pollutants are lead, mercury, cadmium. The source of pollution by heavy metals is mainly motor transport, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, and waste. Waste from motor transport through the atmosphere gets into the soil and plants and poses a real threat to the environment.
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Ojoh, Oghenekome Collins, Chineme Christabel Ifuwe, Oghenetega Efetobo et Tega Emmanuel Eyetan. « Assessment of Industrial Waste on Soil Pollution in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria ». Tropical Journal of Science and Technology 4, no 1 (2023) : 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47524/tjst.v4i1.38.
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The study evaluated the effect of industrial waste on soil pollution in Asaba, Delta State. The procedure adopted the ex post facto research model comprising a comprehensive range of simultaneous measures of industrial waste collection and soil quality in the selected industrial areas in Asaba. Industries in Asaba were selected based on the nature and type of industrial waste generated at random. Six existing industrial locations in Asaba were selected. The collected soil samples were used to investigate the soil pH, Zinc, Lead, Chromium, Silver and Copper concentration levels of the soils. Multiple regression was used to ascertain the effect of industrial waste on the soil in Asaba. 188071 Kg of industrial waste containing flammable, corrosive and toxic substances were generated at industrial landfills in Asaba. The industrial waste generated exceeds WHO standards. This is an implication that the industrial waste generated in Asaba is hazardous. The study revealed that most soils in industrial dumpsites are acidic and this is a reflection of the industrial waste's corrosive ability. Soils in the industrial dump sites are very high in Zinc, lead and chromium contents. Asaba Expressway 2 industrial dump sites have the highest amount of zinc and lead content, while Summit Junction industrial dump site has the highest content of silver. At a P<0.05 significance level, the calculated F value is 3.11 while the critical table value is 41.95. Thus, the toxicity in the soils in Asaba is significantly dependent on the chemical (Zinc, lead and Chromium) properties of industrial waste generation. Furthermore, as Zinc, lead and Chromium properties in industrial waste increase, the toxicity of the soil increases as well. Thus polluting the soils in Asaba industrial areas. The results obtained from this study portrayed that the Zero waste approach would be the recommended choice for sustainable waste management.
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Han, Ya Fen. « Evaluation of Zinc Pollution in Soils of Suzhou City ». Advanced Materials Research 534 (juin 2012) : 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.534.273.
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Choose Suzhou city’s different functional areas (industrial zone, commercial district, near the station, residential area and urban green space) to collect 55 surface soil samples and determine the zinc content of the soils by XRF and evaluate the zinc pollution level in soils with the methods of geo-accumulation index and zinc pollution index respectively. Result: The fact that the average content of Zn is beyond the soil background value in Anhui province shows soils of Suzhou city have suffered from different degrees of zinc pollution; In industrial zone, commercial district and near the station ,the zinc content of the soils is commonly higher which is mainly related to the transportation and industrial production; the evaluated results of geo-accumulative index and zinc pollution index methods show zinc pollution in soils of Suzhou city belongs to mild pollution and partial moderate pollution and the pollution is particularly serious in industrial zone, commercial district and near the station.
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Wang, Gang. « Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution of Surface Soil in Baicheng City ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (décembre 2012) : 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.786.
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In the thesis, the pollution condition of heavy metals in the soil is evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method through testing and analyzing content of heavy metals (As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn) in 400 sampling points within 400km2 near Baicheng City; and types and sources of pollutions of heavy metals in the soil in Baicheng City are analyzed and studied by factor analysis method. scientific proof for soil improvement and phytoremediation in this area can be provided. It is indicated through the integrated evaluation of the test result that the living quarter, the main road area and the green belt are polluted slightly; the industrial area is polluted moderately. It can be seen through comprehensive analysis that there are three main sources of heavy metal pollutions in the surface soil in Baicheng City: industrial pollution source, traffic pollution source and house pollution source. Therefore, effective measures shall be taken by the local people in the protection of the soil encountered with the various pollution status of the functional areas.
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Kabir, Ehsanul, Sharmila Ray, Ki-Hyun Kim, Hye-On Yoon, Eui-Chan Jeon, Yoon Shin Kim, Yong-Sung Cho, Seong-Taek Yun et Richard J. C. Brown. « Current Status of Trace Metal Pollution in Soils Affected by Industrial Activities ». Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/916705.
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There is a growing public concern over the potential accumulation of heavy metals in soil, owing to rapid industrial development. In an effort to describe the status of the pollutions of soil by industrial activities, relevant data sets reported by many studies were surveyed and reviewed. The results of our analysis indicate that soils were polluted most significantly by metals such as lead, zinc, copper, and cadmium. If the dominant species are evaluated by the highest mean concentration observed for different industry types, the results were grouped into Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Fe, and As in smelting and metal production industries, Mn and Cd in the textile industry, and Cr in the leather industry. In most cases, metal levels in the studied areas were found to exceed the common regulation guideline levels enforced by many countries. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo), calculated to estimate the enrichment of metal concentrations in soil, showed that the level of metal pollution in most surveyed areas is significant, especially for Pb and Cd. It is thus important to keep systematic and continuous monitoring of heavy metals and their derivatives to manage and suppress such pollution.
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Galitskova, Yulia Mikhailovna. « MINIMIZATION OF SOIL POLLUTION IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT ». ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (20 juin 2019) : 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol1.4102.
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The development of all spheres of human activity is associated with an increase in anthropogenic pressure on environment. Metropolitan areas and large cities are experiencing the greatest pressure. Both the development of new areas adjacent to built-up areas, as well as operating existing industrial and residential complexes suffer the influences. The article presents the results of a soil study conducted in the city of Novokuibyshevsk to determine the prospects for future growth of the city. Soil samples were taken throughout the city. When choosing the place of sampling, the locations of highways, industrial zones and residential buildings were taken into account. Soil testing was carried out to obtain data on the concentrations of heavy metals (lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese, etc.), as well as sulfates and nitrates. The results were analyzed and contrasted with the standards and results of previous years.Based on the study of the current state of the soil, the authors assessed the degree of pollution of urban soils in an industrial city. In their study they proposed and developed measures to improve the condition of the soil, namely, analyzed the efficiency of using phytoremediation to reduce soil contamination in residential areas of the city.
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Yuan, Sheng Yuan. « The Soil Magnetic Susceptibility and its Environmental Significance of Garden and Cultivated Land in Xuchang City ». Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (décembre 2013) : 2649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2649.
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Magnetic Susceptibility values of garden soil, agriculture ecosystem park soil and soil in urban-rural ecological transition zone in Xuchang city are smaller than 100×10-8 m3/kg, and the frequency magnetic susceptibility values are more than 3%, such is different from soils influenced by industrial. That above three kinds of soils with slight pollution are effected by different land uses show soil magnetic Susceptibility is a powerful indicator of soil pollution. The result of soil magnetic Susceptibility is higher shows that he pollution threats exist in agriculture ecosystem parks in villages and towns around the city.
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Khudhur, Nashmeel, Sidra Qubad Yassin, Ahmed Saman Hassan et Mortatha Nawzad Omar. « Applying Some Indices for Soil Pollution Assessment in Northern Industrial Area from Erbil Governorate ». Al-Qadisiyah Journal Of Pure Science 26, no 4 (17 juillet 2021) : 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29350/qjps.2021.26.4.1385.
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Soil pollution by some heavy metals including: Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd and Pb from northern industrial area of Erbil City was assessed. The contamination indices including: geoaccumulation (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), degree of contamination (Cdeg), pollution load index (PLI) and element contamination index (ECI) were applied to assess soil pollution in Erbil North Industrial area at three sites (for both surface and sub-surface soils). Maximum Fe value 34243.6 ppm was recorded in sub-surface soil (site 2). Maximum values 265.4, 248.8, 98.23 and 397.45 ppm were recorded for Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn at sub-surface soil (site 3). Whereas, maximum values of 22.52, 5.36, 23.9, 6.12 and 65.67 ppm were recorded for As, Mo, Ag, Cd and Pb at surface soil (site 3). Results of analysed heavy metals for soil Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Ag, Cd and Pb have shown that the studied sites were severely contaminated with Cd, so the maximum detected Cd concentration was 6.12 ppm in surface soil (300 meters away from the industrial area). The soil pollution in the studied area was classified as moderate to strong surface and sub-surface soil contamination. Behavioral toxicity experiment showed slight growth effect on Lepidium sativum L.
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Yakusheva, M. A., R. V. Davydov, S. S. Sanin et S. D. Karakotov. « Monitoring of soil pollution caused by industrial enterprises in one of the districts of St. Petersburg ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1096, no 1 (1 octobre 2022) : 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1096/1/012016.
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Abstract The features of soil pollution control in different districts of St. Petersburg are considered. A method for comparison of pollution in various urban areas has been proposed and experimentally implemented. Studies of the state of soil in three zones of Kirovsky and Moscovsky districts of St. Petersburg have been carried out. It is established that consideration of the factors of migration of polluting elements is necessary to establish the causes of significant pollution and develop measures to improve the environmental situation.
Thèses sur le sujet "Industrial soil pollution"
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Gamito, Daniela da Conceição. « Comportamento de íons associados ao solo, sedimentos, águas subterrâneas e superficiais do Distrito Industrial Parque do Lago-Salto, São Paulo ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44138/tde-27072011-170717/.
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No Município de Salto - SP, em um Distrito Industrial ocupado por 21 empresas que desenvolvem atividades diversas, estudou-se o comportamento de íons associados ao solo, águas (subterrâneas e superficiais), sedimentos e resíduos descartados. Foi permitida a coleta de materiais em apenas quatro indústrias do Distrito. O solo foi caracterizado quanto aos seus atributos (análises granulométrica, mineralógica e química) e suas propriedades não são favoráveis a fixação de íons. No solo das indústrias foram detectados em elevadas concentrações bário e fluoreto e em menores teores, íons como cádmio, zinco, chumbo, e cobre. No entanto no solo, em uma das indústrias, associado a área de descarte de resíduos industriais detectou-se grande enriquecimento de bário na forma de sulfato que, em função das condições ambientais, pode se tornar disponível ao meio ambiente. As águas subterrâneas, apresentaram teores muito acima dos valores preconizados pela legislação para os íons ferro e manganês. Nas águas superficiais foram detectados íons comuns a toda área, contudo nenhum acima dos recomendados pelos órgãos ambientais. Nos sedimentos de fundo do lago ressalta-se a presença de ferro e alumínio na forma dos minerais hematita e gibbsita confirmada pela coleta de sedimentos nos baldes coletores instalados no lago.On the Municipality of Salto - SP, on a Industrial District occupied by 21companies that develop various activities, it was studied the behavior of íons associated to the soil, water (underground and surface), sediments and discarded residues. It was allowed the gathering of materials only on four of the District industries. The soil was characterized regarding it\'s attributes (glanurometric analysis, mineralogical and chemical). It\'s properties aren\'t favorable to íon fixation. In the industries soil, elevated concentrations of barium and fluoride were detected, íons as cadmium, zinc, lead and copper were also detected, but on a lesser degree. However in the soil, of one of the industries, associated with the discard area of industrial residues it was detected a high enrichment of barium in the form of sulfate wich, according to the environmental conditions, may become avaliable to the environment. In the underwater the íons of iron and manganese presented themselves on above the recommended levels. In surface water it was detected íons common to the whole area, however none above the recommended by the environmental organs. In the sediments on the botton of the lake stands out the presence of iron and aluminium in the form of hematite and gibbsite minerals. Confirmed by the collecting of sediments in buckets installed in the lake.
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Van, Wyk Mia. « Evaluating the toxic effects of industrial waste from a historic landfarming site using bioassays ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17913.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Landfarming is a widely used method for the disposal of contaminants in the petrochemical industry. It involves ploughing the contaminants into the top soil layer allowing biological breakdown. A historically landfarmed site was identified at a South African petrol refinery. The refinery used to dispose so-called American Petroleum Institute (API) -sludge onto a landfarming site. API-sludge consisted of a mixture of oil and water soluble contaminants originating from a process of separating refinery waste from reusable water and oil. Landfarming on this site was discontinued after excessive quantities of sludge were ploughed into the soil over time and it became obvious that effective biodegradation could not take place. An environmental assessment had to be carried out to assess to what extent the soil has recovered from the contamination and after remediation was done over time. Bioassays together with chemical analyses were executed to determine the level of pollutants in the soil and to assess the integrated effects of their bioavailable fractions. The landfarming site of the refinery was divided into two sections namely, a more contaminated north-site and less contaminated south-site. Soil samples were collected from both sites as well as from an off-site (control site). The soils were analysed physically, chemically and used in the bioassays. Two additional control soils were also used, OECD-soil and LUFA2.2 soil. Chemical analysis of the site soils showed the presence of heavy metals and high levels of diesel range organic hydrocarbons. The north-site had higher levels of contaminants compared to the south-site. Three species of soil organisms were used in standardised tests: Eisenia andrei, Enchytraeus doerjesi and Folsomia candida were exposed to the respective soils to study their survival, growth, reproduction success and avoidance behavior. Exposures to both site-soils were not acutely toxic to any organisms. F. candida had a decrease in juvenile production in both north- and south-site soils (289.42 ± 58.62 and 253.33 ± 122.94 respectively) compared to the control soil (479.89 ± 30.42). E. doerjesi showed an increase in produced juveniles exposed to north- and south-site soil (339.75 ± 76.92 and 414.00 ± 17.78 ) compared to control soil (57 ± 34.39). E. andrei had similar cocoon production when exposed to south-site soil than in off-site soil (19.00 ± 5.3 and 18.5 ± 9.7 respectively) but significantly less in north-site soil (1.25 ± 0.7). Only E. doerjesi showed avoidance of north-site soil. To determine the sensitivity of the organisms to the API-sludge, they were exposed to concentration series of API-sludge-spiked control soils. The effect concentrations were calculated as the concentration of API-sludge that will decrease the studied endpoints by 50% of the control soil (EC50). The EC50s varied for each species exposed in the different control soils showing that the toxicity of the API-sludge is to a certain extent dependent on the physical soil properties of the substrate. The reproduction of F. candida were most sensitive to the API-sludge in off-site soil (EC50 = 90 mg/kg) and the E. doerjesi the least sensitive in LUFA2.2 soil (EC50 = 36000 mg/kg). Five plant species were exposed to API-sludge-spiked potting soil and the germination success, early growth rate and biomass were studied. The plants were not as sensitive to API-sludge as the soil animals. Lettuce and grass were affected the most by API-sludge and beans were the most resilient species. With the addition of low levels API-sludge to the substrate, the growth rate of beans was stimulated. This study showed that the south-site has been successfully remediated and most soil organisms exposed to these soils were not affected by the levels of toxicants present. However, exposures to north-site soil still had negative effects on soil organisms. It is recommended that hydrocarbon contamination should be further remediated in the north-site soil before landfarming should be allowed to continue.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ploegverwerking is ‘n algemene remediëringsmetode vir die verwerking van afvalmateriaal in petrochemiese industrieë. Dit behels die inploeg van toksiese afvalmateriaal in die boonstegrondlaag sodat dit biologies afgebreek kan word. ‘n Voorbeeld van ‘n histories ploegverwerkte grondstuk is geidentifiseer by ‘n Suid-Afrikaanse olieraffinadery. Die raffinadery het in die verlede van die grondstuk gebruik gemaak om sogenaamde Amerikaanse Petroleum Instituut-slik (API-slik) daarin te ploeg. Die API-slik bestaan uit ‘n mengsel van olie- en wateroplosbare kontaminante afkomstig van die proses waardeur die raffinadery se afvalprodukte van hernubare water en olie geskei word. Nadat oormatige konsentrasies slik in die grond ingewerk is en bioremediasie nie meer doeltreffend kon voortgaan nie, is die ploegverwerking gestaak. ‘n Omgewingimpakstudie moes uitgevoer word om te bepaal tot watter mate die grond herstel het nadat remediasie oor tyd uitgevoer is. Toksisiteitstoetse en chemiese analises is uitgevoer om die vlakke van besoedeling sowel as die biobeskikbare fraksie daarvan in die grond te bepaal. Die ploegverwerkte area van die raffinadery is in twee verdeel naamlik, ‘n meer gekontamineerde noordelike area en ‘n minder gekontamineerde suidelike area. Grondmonsters is van die onderskeie areas asook van ‘n ongekontamineerde veld (as kontrole) naby die ploegverwerkte area versamel Die gronde is fisies- en chemies geanaliseer en toksisiteitstoetse is uitgevoer. Twee addisionele kontolegronde is ook tydens die blootstellings gebruik naamlik, OECD- en LUFA2.2-grond. Die chemiese analises van die ploegverwerkte toetsgronde het getoon dat daar steeds swaarmetale en hoë vlakke van dieselgekoppelde organiese koolwaterstowwe in die gronde teenwoordig is. Kontaminante was in hoër konsentrasies teenwoordig in die grond van die noordelike gebied as in dié van die suidelike gebied. Drie spesies van grondorganismes is gebruik tydens standaard toksisitetitstoetse. Eisenia andrei, Enchytraeus doerjesi en Folsomia candida is blootgestel aan die onderskeie toets- en kontrolegronde waarna hul oorlewing, groei, voortplantingsukses en vermydingsreaksies bestudeer is. Blootstellings aan die ploegverwerkte toetsgronde het geen akute toksisiteit vir enige van die spesies getoon nie. F. candida se juveniele produksie was laer in beide noordelike- en suidelike toetsgronde (289.42 ± 58.62 en 253.33 ± 122.94 onderskeidelik) as in die kontolegrond (479.89 ± 30.42). E. doerjesi blootstellings het ‘n toename in juveniele getalle getoon in die noordelike- en suidelike toetsgronde (339.75 ± 76.92 en 414.00 ± 17.78) in vergelyking met die ongekontamineerde kontolegrond (57 ± 34.39). Kokonproduksie by E. andrei was soorgelyk in die suidelike toetsgrond en ongekontamineerde kontrolegronde (19.00 ± 5.3 en 18.5 ± 9.7 onderskeidelik) maar beduidend minder as in noordelike toetsgrond (1.25 ± 0.7). Slegs E. doerjesi het ‘n beduidende vermydingsreaksie vir die noordelike toetsgronde getoon. Om die sensitiwiteit van die organismes aan vars API-slik te bestudeer, is hulle blootgestel aan konsentrasiereekse van API-slik in die onderskeie kontrolegronde. Die effektiewe konsentrasie (EK50) is bereken as die konsentrasie van API-slik wat die bestudeerde eindpunte met 50% sal verminder in vergelyking met die kontrolegrond Die EK50-waardes vir al die spesies het verskil na blootstelling aan die onderskeie kontrolegronde. Dus, die toksisiteit van die API-slik is tot ‘n sekere mate ook afhanklik van die fisiese grondeienskappe van die blootsellingssubstraat. Die voortplanting van F. candida was die gevoeligste eindpunt vir die blootstelling aan API-slik in kontolegrond (EK50 = 90 mg/kg) en E. doerjesi was die minste gevoelig in LUFA2.2 grond (EK50 = 36000 mg/kg). Vyf plantspesies is ook blootgestel aan API-slikgekontamineerde potgrond en die saadontkiemingssukses, vroeë groeikoers en biomassa is bestudeer. Alhoewel plante nie so sensitief was vir die API-slik soos die gronddiere nie, was blaarslaai en gras die meeste geaffekteer tydens die blootstellings. Boontjies was die ongevoeligste en met die toevoeging van lae konsentrasies API-slik (2.5% API-slik), is hul groeikoers selfs gestimuleer. Uit die studie was dit duidelik dat die suidelike deel van die grondstuk meer suksesvol as die noordelike geremidieer is en dat meeste grondorganismes wat daaraan bloot gestel is nie geaffekteer is deur die vlakke van kontaminasie wat steeds teenwoordig is in die grond nie. Die toetsgronde uit die noordelike deel het egter steeds negatiewe effekte op die grondorganismes gehad. Dit word voorgestel dat die koolwaterstof kontaminasie verder geremidieër behoort te word in die noordelike deel van die grondstuk voordat verdere ploegverwerking van die afval daar gedoen word.
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Morinaga, Carlos Minoru. « Áreas contaminadas e a construção da paisagem pós-industrial na cidade de São Paulo ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-02072013-162822/.
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As antigas áreas industriais na cidade de São Paulo têm sofrido uma progressiva perda das suas funções originais, tornando-se objeto de intensas transformações, particularmente no que diz respeito ao reaproveitamento dos imóveis e ao padrão de ocupação do solo existente, mediante a implantação de grandes empreendimentos imobiliários e a introdução de atividades totalmente diversas daquelas que as haviam caracterizado no passado. As formas pregressas de uso dessas áreas tornam possível a ocorrência de contaminação do solo e das águas subterrâneas, o que exige cuidados e procedimentos específicos para o reúso de terrenos ali localizados. Tendo como objeto de estudo a reutilização de antigas áreas industriais em processo de transformação na cidade de São Paulo, a presente tese parte da hipótese principal de que a construção de paisagens pós-industriais, sob a perspectiva da recuperação da função dos espaços urbanos e da garantia das condições de saúde pública e da sustentabilidade ambiental, só pode ser concebida no âmbito de um processo de gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas que contemple as dimensões interdisciplinar e interinstitucional da questão e leve em consideração a participação dos atores envolvidos. Tendo em vista que a reabilitação de áreas contaminadas abrange as dimensões básicas abordadas pelo que se passou a denominar sustentabilidade, a pesquisa teve início com o levantamento das diversas concepções adquiridas pelo termo, assim como das alterações ocorridas nas relações entre homem e natureza e suas implicações sobre as transformações observadas na paisagem ao longo do tempo, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. O tratamento dado ao problema das áreas contaminadas foi analisado a partir da forma de atuação fragmentada do poder público, mediante exemplos que demonstram a total ausência de integração entre os seus diferentes setores, e também do levantamento de instrumentos de incentivo à reabilitação de áreas contaminadas e de experiências internacionais sobre o tema. Considera-se, por fim, que além da visão interdisciplinar e interinstitucional, a reabilitação das áreas contaminadas na cidade depende da forma de atuação do poder público e da existência de mecanismos de incentivo.The old industrial areas in the city of São Paulo have suffered a progressive loss of their former functions, becoming object of intense transformations, particularly concerning the use of the properties and the existing pattern of occupation of the land, through the construction of huge real estate projects and the introduction of activities totally different from those ones which characterized them in the past. The former uses of these areas make possible the occurrence of soil and groundwater contamination, what requires cares and specific procedures to reuse of the sites located in those places. Taking the reutilization of the old industrial areas in process of transformation in the city of São Paulo as the object of study, the present thesis starts from the main hypothesis that the construction of post-industrial landscapes, under the perspective of the urban space function recovery and the guarantee of the health public and the environmental sustainability, can only be conceived within the scope of a contaminated sites management process which satisfies the interdisciplinary and inter-institutional dimensions and takes into account the stakeholders involved in it. Considering that the rehabilitation of contaminated sites covers the basic dimensions treated by what was called sustainability, the research started with the survey of the various conceptions acquired by the term, as well as the changes occurred in the relationship between man and nature and its implications on the transformations of the landscape along the time, by means of bibliographical research. The treatment given to the contaminated sites issue was analyzed from the fragmented way of acting of the public administration, by means of examples which demonstrate the total lack of integration among their different sectors, and also from the survey of incentive instruments for the rehabilitation of contaminated sites and international experiences on the theme. At last, it\'s considered that, beyond the interdisciplinary and inter-institutional view, the rehabilitation of the contaminated areas in the city depends on the way the public sector acts and the existence of incentive mechanisms as well.
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Haller, Henrik. « Appropriate Technologies for Soil Remediation in Low Prioritized Region : Developing Countries and Sparsely Populated Regions ». Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-25300.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Contaminated sites in low prioritized regions demand remediation technologies that are cost- and energy-effective and locally adapted. Parameters such as the time frame during which bioremediation degradation needs to occur may not be as restraining as in urban environments. This licentiate project aims to explore opportunities and constraints for appropriate soil remediation based on organic by-products in tropical developing countries and sparsely populated areas in industrial countries. Ecological Engineering and the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development were explored as planning tools to steer bioremediation methods towards sustainability. The use of the five concepts of Ecological Engineering within the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development can steer bioremediation in low prioritized regions towards sustainability. Pilot-scale and laboratory experiments were undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of such bioremediation methods. Experiments carried out at the experiment station in Chontales, Nicaragua showed some promising results, but also revealed problems associated with the clay rich soils, which are typical for tropical regions. Treatment of diesel contaminated ultisol with 6 mL whey kg-1 dw in a pilot-scale experiment considerably increased the degradation rate of diesel constituents, but no effects on the degradation rates were observed after treatment with compost tea or pyroligneous acid.The soil columns study suggests that despite a favorable particle size distribution for microbial transport, the sandy loam retained a greater fraction of the microorganisms present in the ACT in the top 10 cm than the clay loam, presumably because the lower bulk density and higher SOM in the clay loam aided transport and growth of microorganisms.
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Brimo, Khaled. « Modélisation de la dynamique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans des sols soumis à un gradient de contamination allant d’un contexte agricole à un contexte industriel ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA017/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Du fait des activités industrielles anciennes et du recyclage croissant des produites résiduaires organiques d’origine urbaine dans les sols agricoles, des composés organiques persistants, parmi lesquels les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) se retrouvent présents dans les sols français. Dans le cadre de la gestion des sites et sols pollués et de l'évaluation des risques associés aux HAP dans l'environnement, une meilleure connaissance du comportement, de la dissipation, du transfert ou de l’accumulation des HAP dans les sols est alors indispensable. Dans ce but, il est utile de développer une nouvelle génération de modèles numériques basés sur le couplage flexible de l’ensemble des processus majeurs contrôlant la dynamique des HAP dans le sol. Notre travail repose sur la mise en œuvre, dans le cadre de la plateforme VSoil de l’INRA (https://www6.inra.fr/vsoil/The-Project), d'un modèle global interdisciplinaire de dynamique des HAP dans les sols, applicable à l’échelle du terrain et couplant des modules décrivant les principaux processus physiques, biochimiques et biologiques. Ce modèle associe d’une part des modules déjà publiés simulant la décomposition des matières organiques exogènes apportées, le transfert d'eau, le transfert de chaleur et le transport de solutés dans des conditions climatiques réelles, et d’autre part, un nouveau modèle représentant spécifiquement la réactivité des HAP.La démarche numérique adoptée dans ce travail a alors été de i) calibrer le modèle de terrain en utilisant des paramètres déterminés à partir de données expérimentales obtenues au laboratoire et complétées avec une partie des données de terrain obtenues sur une courte période, ii) tester et valider le modèle calibré au terrain à l'aide des données de terrain complémentaires sur des périodes plus longues, iii) tester différentes hypothèses de variation de disponibilité et scenarios climatiques ou d’apports répétés de différents composts sur le devenir de HAP dans le sol. Nos résultats montrent que le modèle peut prédire de manière satisfaisante le devenir des HAP dans le sol sur une gamme de contamination allant de parcelles agricoles amendées avec des matières organiques faiblement contaminées jusqu’à d’anciens sites industriels fortement contaminés et permettent alors de mieux appréhender les processus contrôlant la dynamique des HAP dans ces différents systèmesDue to former industrial activities and the increasing recycling of organic waste products from urban areas in agricultural soils, increasing amounts of persistent organic compounds, among them polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), are to be found in French soils. In the framework of the management of polluted sites and soils and the risk assessment of PAH transfer in the environment, it is essential to better understand the behavior, dissipation, transfer or accumulation of PAH in soils. For this purpose, there is a need to develop a new generation of numerical models based on the flexible coupling between the processes describing PAH dynamics in soil. Our work presents the development and assessment of such model. It is based on the implementation of an interdisciplinary global model, and applicable at the field scale, for PAH in soil by coupling modules describing the major physical, biochemical and biological processes influencing the fate of PAH in soil, with modules that simulate water transfer, heat transfer, solute transport, and organic matter transformation under real climatic conditions. The coupling is performed using the «VSoil» modeling platform of INRA (https://www6.inra.fr/vsoil/The-Project). The steps of our modelling study are the following: i) calibrate the model at the field scale using previously estimated parameters at the lab-scale and completed with field data on a short period of time, ii) test and validate the calibrated model using field experimental data on mid term periods, iii) test different hypotheses of variation of availability and climatic scenarios or repeated applications of different composts on the fate of PAH in soil. Our results show that the model can adequately predict the fate of PAH in soil over a wide range of contamination ranging from agricultural plots amended with weakly contaminated composted organic wastes to old industrial sites heavily contaminated. This new tool allows, therefore, a better understanding of the processes controlling the dynamics of PAH in these different systems
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Spracklin, Katherine Helen. « The remediation of industrially contaminated soil ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/656.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The remediation of two contaminated soils in the Tyne and Wear Metropolitan district was examined. These were a sediment dredged from the river bed at Dunston Coal Staiths on the River Tyne (downstream from Derwenthaugh coke work site) and coke work-contaminated soil from the Derwenthaugh site, Blaydon, Nr. Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The river Tyne dredgings were of a very fine material (70% silt; 24% clay) with high water retention capacity. Levels of (EDTA available) Zn (490mg/kg), total Cd (7.5mg/kg) and total Pb (510mg/kg) were above the Department of Environment's (1987) threshold values for soil contaminants. Barley (Hordeuin vulgare L. cv Kym) sown in the drcdgings in ten outdoor plots (Irn x 0.5m), grew very poorly (yield = 2.4g dry wt. /plant, compared with that on an uncontaminatedc. ontrol soil (7.4g dry wt./ plant). The barley exhibited all the classic signs of metal phytotoxicity despite the addition of fcrtiliscr and organic waste (straw and spent mushroom compost). When lime was added to raise the pH of the dredgings in the plots to over pH 7.1, the growth rate and the yield of barley improved significantly (yield = 6.8g dry wt. /plant). Levels of available Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in the limed dredgings were now lower than in the unlimed dredgings. Copper and zinc levels in leaves of barley raised on the limed material were lower than levels in barley grown on unlimed dredgings. There was no significant difference in yield or growth rate between the different plots of dredgings in which organic supplementation parameters were varied. In conclusion, pH was the dominant factor in the remediation of the heavy metal phytotoxicity in the dredged material. Gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry analysis showed the principal contaminants of the coke works soil to be organic. The soil was heavily contaminated with coal tars (19.0%) consisting of a complex mixture of aliphatic, polycyclic and aromatic compounds including phenols (160mg/kg). Viable counts of the soil microflora, on selective media, showed the presence of bacteria capable of degrading phenol and several of its alkylated homologues and thiocyanate, which was converted to ammonia and used as aN source. The coke works soil was treated on a laboratory scale using microbially based clean-up methods. Soil was incubated in glass jars under laboratory conditions. Nu trients (yeast extract) and microbial biomass (a mixed culture, previously isolated and enriched by growth on cresol and thiocyanate, but capable of oxidising a wide range of alkylated phenols), were inoculated into the contaminated soil. The addition of such biomass (106 organisms /g soil) led to a marked improvement in the rate of phenolic degradation in the soil (26% loss in'22 weeks, compared with 9% in the untreated control. ). Degradation rates decreased after 14 days but a repeated application of biomass (106 organisms/g soil) caused further phenolic loss (47% total loss). Cresol (100mg/kg) subsequently added to the bacterial ly-amended soil disappeared within 7 days, showing that the biomass amendment was still biochemically very active. These findings demonstrate the importance and the effectiveness of two different treatment methods in the rcmediation of contaminated soil.
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Petit, Jérôme. « Nouveaux outils en sciences de l'environnement : géochimie isotopique du Cu-Zn et spéciation des éléments en trace métalliques par titrage acidimétrique :développement et applications aux phases particulaires de l'estuaire de l'Escaut, aux émissions atmosphériques et aux sols contaminés d'Angleur/Prayon ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210231.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les potentiels de nouveaux moyens d’investigation en sciences de l’environnement, tel que la géochimie des isotopes stables du Cu et du Zn et l’étude de la spéciation des éléments en trace métalliques (ETM) par titrage acidimétrique sont évalués dans le cadre de trois cas d’études, faisant intervenir des matériaux de matrices et de concentrations en ETM variables. Afin de mettre en évidence de très subtiles variations des compositions isotopiques du Cu et du Zn dans les matériaux particulaires variablement pollués, une attention particulière à été voué à la mise au point des méthodes de séparation chimique et d’analyse par MC-ICP-MS. La méthodologie analytique a été développée afin d’exploiter tout les avantages techniques offerts par le spectromètre de masse à l’ULB. Différents modes d’introduction (plasma humide vs plasma sec (Aridus/DSN), d’acquisition des mesures (mode statique ou dynamique) de correction du biais de masse (dopage au Cu, au Zn et au Ga; correction SSBM, SSBC et EEN)ont été évaluées, pour leurs effets sur la précision et la reproductibilité des mesures. D’autres travaux ont permis de quantifier les effets des interférences spectrales et non spectrales par les éléments de la matrice (Ti, Cr, Co,Fe, Ba, Si, Na, Mg et Ca)et par le rapport dopant/analyte en vue de comprendre les sources d’inexactitudes des mesures isotopiques et d’y remédier. Les données isotopiques acquises sur des minerais, sur des (plaques de) dépôts atmosphériques (usine Pb-Zn Metaleurop de Noyelles-Godault), sur des sédiments et des matières en suspension (estuaire de l’Escaut et mer du Nord), révèlent des variations significatives des compositions isotopiques du cuivre et du zinc. Dans l’estuaire de l’Escaut, les variations temporelles (carotte non perturbée, enregistrant la sédimentation sur 30 ans) et spatiales (matières en suspension échantillonnées sur 100 km, selon le profil de salinité) sont caractérisées par des signatures isotopiques en Zn anticorrélées à celle du Cu. Les données peuvent permettre de distinguer le fond géochimique naturel (le « réservoir naturel »), les pollutions diffuses (le « réservoir anthropique commun »- intégrant de multiples sources de contamination en provenance du bassin versant) et certaines pollutions ponctuelles associées à la métallurgie du Zn. Alors que les procédés utilisés en métallurgie sont eux,capable de produire des signatures isotopiques très fractionnées en Zn, ni la diagenèse précoce dans les sédiments, ni les gradients physicochimiques développés lors du mélange des eaux continentales et marines ne sont capables d’affecter significativement la signature isotopique du Cu et du Zn en phase particulaire. Dans de tels milieux, les signatures isotopiques en Cu et Zn (ainsi que celles en Pb) semblent n’être contrôlées que par le mélange conservatif entre le « réservoir naturel » et le « réservoir anthropique commun ». Les données en elles-mêmes constituent la seule base de données isotopiques en Cu, Zn, Pb dans des matériaux particulaires anthropisés estuariens et marins jamais produite à ce jour. Elles permettent de prédire que la signature isotopique en Cu du « réservoir naturel » devrait être légèrement plus enrichie en isotopes lourds que celle du réservoir « anthropique commun » (par analogie au Zn).Si la géochimie isotopique du Cu et du Zn a le potentiel de distinguer différentes sources de pollution, l’évaluation des risques liés à ces pollutions doit tenir compte des formes chimiques des ETM, typiquement mises en évidences par les méthodes d’extraction sélectives (séquentielles, dont le protocole BCR). La méthode alternative proposée pour l’étude de la spéciation, plus versatile (capable de mettre en évidence des phases non prédéfinies et applicable à une variété de matrices plus large) est capable de surmonter plusieurs limitations (dont les problèmes de sélectivité liées au mauvais contrôle de l’acidité du milieu réactionnel) caractéristiques des méthodes traditionnelles. Appliquée à des sédiments marins/estuariens et des sols, la méthode de titrage acidimétrique s’est révélée capable de quantifier les proportions relatives des phases acido-solubles (principal problème des méthodes d’extraction sélectives), ce qui permet d’établir univoquement la spéciation des éléments qui leurs sont associés, d’évaluer la réactivité des ETM vis-à-vis du pH, mais aussi d’évaluer la sélectivité des protocoles d’extraction séquentielle « BCR » et « Tessier ». La méthode de titrage acidimétrique apporte également des informations importantes sur la géochimie des éléments majeurs dans l’estuaire de l’Escaut et met en évidence les particularités minéralogiques des sols pollués en comparaison aux sédiments.
Les études de cas démontrent que ces nouvelles techniques ont des applications dans le domaine de la géochimie de l’environnement, mais peuvent également être vouées, sur le moyen/long terme à une utilisation sortant du cadre des sciences exactes. En effet, l’identification/discrimination des sources de pollutions et l’évaluation des risques de remobilisation des polluants métalliques font partie des nombreuses questions posées par la société aux scientifiques de l’environnement.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Bassimon, Chloe. « Μycοremédiatiοn d'un sοl industriel cο-cοntaminé en métaux et ΗAΡ : dévelοppements analytiques pοur le suivi de la dégradatiοn/dispοnibilité/accessibilité des pοlluants et changement d’échelle des études en micrοcοsmes de sοl biοaugmentés ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025NORMR007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
À l’heure actuelle, la contamination des sols est une problématique majeure. En France, un peu plus de 10 045 sites et sols pollués ont été recensés à la mi-2022. D’après une étude de 2018, les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) et les éléments traces métalliques (ETM) étaient responsables de cette pollution à hauteur de 14% et 23%, respectivement. La pollution des sols a un impact significatif sur la biodiversité des écosystèmes et la santé humaine. Dans le cadre des politiques d’urbanisation et d’une « zéro artificialisation nette » des sols, la restauration des friches industrielles présente un grand interêt, mais la dépollution de sols co-contaminés en HAP et ETM reste un défi. La mycoremédiation, procédé utilisant les capacités naturelles de souches fongiques afin d’éliminer ou de transformer certains polluants présents dans une matrice environnementale, suscite un intérêt grandissant de par la résistance de certaines souches fongiques à la co-contamination et à leur capacité à coloniser les sols par leur réseau mycélien. Ces travaux de thèse ont permis d’amorcer le développement de nouveaux outils analytiques pour l’analyse des HAP et de certains métabolites oxygénés (cétones, quinones, hydroxylés) de manière semi-automatisée par thermodésorption couplée à la GC-MS/MS en tandem. Une nouvelle méthode, utilisant un polymère de cyclodextrine, a été appliquée pour évaluer la bioaccessibilité des HAP dans le sol industriel d’étude. Une étude en microcosmes de sol d’une durée de 6 mois a permis d’exclure l’utilisation de la souche modèle Absidia cylindrospora pour la mycoremédiation du sol étudié : les fortes concentrations et disponibilités de certains ETM (Pb, Cu, Zn), la très faible bioaccessibilité des HAP, n’ont pas permis à la souche fongique de contribuer significativement à la biodégradation des HAP. De nouvelles souches fongiques ont été isolées à partir du sol industriel. Une souche indigène de Penicillium annulatum résistante aux Cu, Pb et Zn et capable de biodégrader les HAP a été sélectionnée pour une étude à plus grande échelle, en bac pouvant contenir 2 kg de sol. Après inoculation sur un support solide original, un développement fongique important a été observé dans le sol ainsi que la dégradation significative des polluants organiques (en moyenne 22% pour les HAP et 33% pour les polychlorobiphényles (PCB)) en moins de 4 moisSoil contamination is a major issue today. In France, over 10,045 polluted sites and soils had been identified by mid-2022. According to a 2018 study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace metals (TMEs) were responsible for 14% and 23% of this pollution, respectively. Soil pollution has a significant impact on the biodiversity of ecosystems and human health. In the context of urbanisation policies and ‘zero net artificialisation’ of soils, the restoration of brownfield sites is of great interest, but the decontamination of soils co-contaminated with PAHs and TMEs remains a challenge. Mycoremediation, a process that uses the natural capacities of fungal strains to eliminate or transform certain pollutants present in an environmental matrix, is attracting growing interest due to the resistance of certain fungal strains to co-contamination and their ability to colonise soils through their mycelial network. This thesis work led to the development of new analytical tools for the semi-automated analysis of PAHs and certain oxygenated metabolites (ketones, quinones, hydroxylates) using thermodesorption coupled with tandem GC-MS/MS. A new method, using a cyclodextrin polymer, was applied to assess the bioaccessibility of PAHs in the industrial studied soil. A 6-month study in soil microcosms ruled out the use of the model strain Absidia cylindrospora for the mycoremediation of the studied soil: the high concentrations and availability of certain TMEs (Pb, Cu, Zn) and the very low bioaccessibility of PAHs meant that the fungal strain could not make a significant contribution to PAH biodegradation. Then new fungal strains were isolated from the industrial soil. An indigenous strain of Penicillium annulatum, resistant to Cu, Pb and Zn and capable of biodegrading PAHs, was selected for a larger-scale study, in a container that could hold 2 kg of soil. After inoculation thanks to an original solid support, significant fungal growth was observed in the soil, as well as significant degradation of organic pollutants (22% for PAHs and 33% for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on average) in less than 4 months
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Pernot, Audrey. « Réactivité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans une terre de cokerie : influence de réparation des contaminants et de l'introduction de matière organique fraîche ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0237/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La fin des activités industrielles liées au charbon et à son exploitation a laissé de nombreux sites et sols pollués en France et particulièrement dans le Nord-est de la France. Une terre issue d'une friche industrielle de cokerie (Neuves-Maisons, Lorraine, France) est étudiée en couplant les outils de la science du sol et de la géochimie organique afin de comprendre l'évolution à long terme de la dynamique des contaminants. Une première étape de caractérisation de la terre et de sa pollution montre que la fraction limon fin (2-20 µm) est la fraction la plus réactive avec la plus forte concentration en HAP extractible et occlus et la plus faible disponibilité, mettant en évidence des processus de préservation spécifique au sein de cette fraction. Des extractions sélectives de la MO anthropique au solvant, confirmées par des observations au MEB, montrent que la MO anthropique, contrairement à la MO naturelle, n'a pas un rôle de liant entre les particules de la terre. L'apport de MO naturelle, (i) en conditions contrôlées par incubation de débris végétaux pendant 15 mois ou (ii) in situ en parcelles lysimétriques plantées avec de la luzerne pendant 6 ans, conduit à une structuration de la terre, une activité microbienne accrue et à l'incorporation et au stockage de la matière organique fraîche végétale dans les limons fins. En revanche, la pollution n'est pas affectée par l'apport de matière organique fraîche. Ainsi, la concentration et la disponibilité des HAP présentent une tendance à la diminution au cours du temps, que la terre soit cultivée ou non. Ainsi, la matière organique fraîche n'apparaît pas comme un agent de mobilisation de la pollution à long terme pour ce type de terre historiquement contaminéeThe end of industrial activities associated to coal exploitation left many huge areas of wastelands especially in the Northeast of France. A former coking plant soil was studied with a combination of soil science and organic geochemistry tools in order to understand the evolution of the contaminants dynamic. In a first step, the soil and its pollution were characterized. The results showed that the fine silt fraction (2-20 µm) was the most reactive with the highest PAH concentration (extractable or occluded) and the lowest PAH availability. This fraction played a protective role toward the pollution. Moreover, solvent extractions of the anthropogenic organic matter showed that the anthropogenic organic matter was not a structuring agent between the particles in the soil. These observations were confirmed by SEM observations. In a vegetation growth context, (i) under controlled conditions with incubation of organic residue during 15 months and (ii) in situ in lysimetric plots planted with alfalfa during 6 years, the soil structure and the microbial biomass were promoted and the fresh organic matter was preferentially incorporated and stored in the fine silts. However, the pollution was not affected by the fresh organic matter addition. Both PAH concentration and availability showed a trend to decrease with the time of experiment. Thus, the fresh organic matter did not appear as a mobilizing agent for the pollution and would most probably contribute to pollution stabilization on the long term
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Ramahlo, Masetle Nelson. « Physico-chemical and biological characterization of soils from selected farmlands around three mining sites in Phalaborwa, Limpopo Province ». Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1127.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.Sc. (Soil Science)) --University of Limpopo, 2013The study was conducted to assess the impact of mining activities on selected soil physical, chemical and microbial properties on farmlands around three selected mining sites. Nine soil samples were collected from each of the following farms : Hans Merensky, Mogoboya and Leon Tom, Foskor Mine and JCI mining sites, respectively. Additional nine soil samples were collected from non-polluted Waterbok farm that serves as a control for the purpose of comparison. The samples were taken at 0–15, 15–30, 30–45 cm depths at three sampling points on each farm for physical, chemical and biological studies. However, soil samples collected for microbial (fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes) counts were surface (0–15 cm) soil samples. Soil chemical properties determined include pHw, electrical conductivity (ECe), exchangeable acidity (EA), organic carbon, available phosphorous, exchangeable cations as well as heavy metal (i.e. Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, As and Sb) concentrations. The physical parameters determined include texture (sand, silt and clay) as well as bulk density. Soil pHw and ECe values decreased with depth; and ranged from 6.94 to 6.50 and from 12.24 to 10.76 mS cm-1, respectively. Exchangeable acidity showed a gradual increase with depth and ranged from 0.72 to 0.80 cmol(+)(kg), while percent organic carbon decreased with depth ranging from 1.41 to 2.19 %. Exchangeable cations, particularly K and Mg increased with depth while Ca decreased marginally with soil depth. Available phosphorous content decreased following increases in distance from the pollution source while heavy met.al contamination decreased with soil depth but increased further away from the pollution source. Significantly high loads of Pb, As and Sb were recorded at all depths on the three farms around the mining sites, which were largely responsible for the pollution but worse on the Leon Tom farm; with Pb constituting the greatest pollutant. The concentration of extractable heavy metals in the studied areas was in the order: As >Sb>Pb>Zn>Cu >Mn >Cd. Cadmium level appeared generally very low in all samples while elevated levels of Mn, Cu and Zn were detected at all depths in the polluted soils.Significant differences in microbial levels were detected at the various sampling points. The highest count of 3.82 and 6.20 CFU g-1 for fungi and actinomycete, respectively were both from the Leon Tom farm, while 6.46 CFU g-1 counts for bacteria was obtained from Mogoboya farm. Interestingly, fungal and actinomycetes activities were more sensitive to heavy metal contamination than bacteria that were significantly increased following soil pollution.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
Livres sur le sujet "Industrial soil pollution"
1
Kerfoot, Henry B. The use of industrial hygiene samplers for soil-gas measurement. Las Vegas, NV : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, 1989.
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2
1958-, Lanno Roman P., et SETAC (Society), dir. Contaminated soils : From soil-chemical interactions to ecosystem management. Pensacola, FL : Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2001.
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Dollhopf, D. J. Alkaline industrial by-product effects on plant growth in acidic-contaminated soil systems. Bozeman, Mont : Reclamation Research Unit, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, 2002.
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Ontario. Air Resources Branch. Phytotoxicology Section., dir. Soil clean-up guidelines for decommissioning of industrial lands : Background and rationale for development. [Toronto] : The Ministry, 1991.
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Cambier, Philippe, Folkert van Oort et Christian Schvartz. Contaminations métalliques des agrosystèmes et écosystèmes péri-industriels. Versailles : Éditions Quae, 2009.
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Brownfields and Land Revitalization Technology Support Center (U.S.), dir. Brownfields technology primer : Vapor intrusion considerations for redevelopment. Washington DC : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Brownfields and Land Revitalization Technology Support Center, 2008.
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Brownfields and Land Revitalization Technology Support Center (U.S.), dir. Brownfields technology primer : Vapor intrusion considerations for redevelopment. Washington DC : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Brownfields and Land Revitalization Technology Support Center, 2008.
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Brownfields and Land Revitalization Technology Support Center (U.S.), dir. Brownfields technology primer : Vapor intrusion considerations for redevelopment. Washington DC : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Brownfields and Land Revitalization Technology Support Center, 2008.
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Cairney, T. The re-use of contaminated land : A handbook of risk assessment. Chichester : John Wiley, 1995.
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Cairney, T. The re-use of contaminated land : A handbook of risk assessment. Chichester : John Wiley, 1995.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Industrial soil pollution"
1
Sedloukho, Y. « Some Problems of Groundwater Industrial and Agricultural Pollution in Belarus ». Dans Remediation of Soil and Groundwater, 125–27. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0319-7_8.
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Visser, W., et F. Rodewijk. « A New Approach to Soil Pollution Control in the Rotterdam “Europoort-Botlek” Industrial Area ». Dans Contaminated Soil ’90, 73–80. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3270-1_14.
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Bahuguna, Ayush, S. K. Singh, Sachin Sharma, Arvind, Astha Pandey, Basant Kumar Dadarwal, Bharti Yadav, Akshita Barthwal et Raghu Nandan Singh Khatana. « Soil Pollution Due to Sewage Sludge and Industrial Effluents ». Dans Environmental Science and Engineering, 345–67. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09270-1_14.
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Jahn, Peter, et Almut Reher-Path. « Groundwater pollution caused by oilproducts/Sanitation of an industrial area, using a groundwater treatment plant ». Dans Contaminated Soil ’90, 1141–42. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3270-1_256.
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Mischgofsky, F. H., F. A. Weststrate et W. Visser. « An Integral Cluster Approach for Containment, Remediation and Monitoring of Groundwater Pollution in Large Industrial Areas ». Dans Soil & ; Environment, 545–58. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2008-1_119.
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Nurzhanova, A., P. Kulakow, E. Rubin, I. Rakhimbayev, A. Sedlovskiy, K. Zhambakin, S. Kalugin, E. Kolysheva et L. Erickson. « Obsolete Pesticides Pollution and Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil in Kazakhstan ». Dans Application of Phytotechnologies for Cleanup of Industrial, Agricultural, and Wastewater Contamination, 87–111. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3592-9_6.
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Finnecy, E. E. « Impacts on Soils Related to Industrial Activities : Part II—Incidental and Accidental Soil Pollution ». Dans Scientific Basis for Soil Protection in the European Community, 259–80. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3451-1_14.
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Pushpanjali, K. L. Sharma, K. Venkanna, Josily Samuel et G. Ravindra Chary. « Industrial Pollution and Soil Quality—A Case Study from Industrial Area, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India ». Dans Smart Cities for Sustainable Development, 327–34. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7410-5_20.
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Singha, Sourav, et Sabyasachi Chatterjee. « Soil Pollution by Industrial Effluents, Solid Wastes and Reclamation Strategies by Microorganisms ». Dans Environmental Science and Engineering, 471–88. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09270-1_20.
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Laville-Timsit, L. « Impacts on Soils Related to Industrial Activities : Part III—Effect of Metal Mines on Soil Pollution ». Dans Scientific Basis for Soil Protection in the European Community, 281–97. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3451-1_15.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Industrial soil pollution"
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Kovarasan, Rajesh Kambattan, Dr N. V. Shibu, A. Sairam, K. K. Manivannan, M. V. Ishwarya et T. R. GaneshBabu. « Identifying Sources of Soil Pollution in Industrial Areas Using IoT Data and Neural Networks ». Dans 2024 Asian Conference on Intelligent Technologies (ACOIT), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/acoit62457.2024.10939152.
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Ramona, Huzum, Sirbu-Radasanu Doina Smaranda et Dumitras Delia-Georgeta. « GEOCHEMICAL TOOLS IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ». Dans 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024, 213–20. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/3.2/s12.28.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Geochemistry, a young earth science discipline, has evolved with chemical analysis techniques and is now integrated with environmental issues. Industrial development has increased the input of toxic elements into soil, water and air, potentially affecting the food chain. Geochemical tools investigate these sources and assess the risk of contamination. The combination of background enrichment indices and contamination indices provides a robust framework for understanding soil contamination. This dual approach enables researchers and environmental managers to effectively monitor, assess, and manage soil quality, ensuring that contamination is addressed based on a thorough understanding of both natural baselines and anthropogenic impacts. Based on ED-XRF analyses, the current study aims to evaluate eight potentially toxic elements (PTE) from a vineyard plot in the southern part of Ia?i city: Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and As. Vineyard soils require long-term agrochemical treatments for fertility and plant disease prevention, accumulating potentially toxic elements. The geoaccumulation index and contamination factor were used to evaluate PTE contamination in vineyard soils, showing variable pollution levels. Generally low risk for PTEs was noted, but with significant contamination from Cu and Pb and very high from Zn and As. Anthropogenic activities, especially agricultural practices and urban traffic, significantly contributed to this contamination. Consequently, the soil accumulates potentially harmful substances that need to be observed, particularly in light of land use change, which is a current issue for the community.
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Dare, Aloko, Bright Edward et Abiodun Liadi. « Corrosion Control of On-Grade Petroleum Products Storage Tank Bottoms Using Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System with Continuous Anodesbed ». Dans CORROSION 2016, 1–10. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07186.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Corrosion control of on-grade petroleum products storage tank bottoms is a statutory requirement for Oil and Gas Operators worldwide. Tank bottoms are susceptible to corrosion attacks due to their direct contact with soil, moisture and other corrosive elements within the tank foundation. When such failures occur, the consequences are enormous including serious environmental pollution and damages resulting from seepage of petroleum products into the service environment. Cathodic Protection System in addition to good materials selection and coating applications are global industrial practice for corrosion prevention of on-grade tank bottom plates. This paper therefore discusses an effective and efficient impressed cathodic protection system by laying a continuous shallow anodesbed in close proximity to the tank foundation. Some of the merits of this installation include elimination of shielding effects or interference from other structures and uniform protection of the entire tank bottom. The technique will also eliminate the possibilities of under-protection which could lead to localized corrosion failures within the system
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Koptieva, Tetiana, et Iryna Levchenko. « THE FORMATION OF TWO-TIERED ANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF THE KRYVI RIH LANDSCAPE TECHNICAL SYSTEM ». Dans 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024, 275–84. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.36.
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The mining industry of Ukraine plays an important role in the industrial sector, as the country has significant resources of natural raw materials, which contributes to the development of mining. However, this industry causes serious environmental and social consequences. The long-term operation of mining enterprises in Ukrainian regions causes serious pollution of the atmosphere, soil and water resources, as well as the destruction of the natural landscape. This leads to the degradation of natural resources and deterioration of the quality of life of local residents. The article analyzes the impact of mining and residential landscapes using as example the Kryvyi Rih landscape-technical system. Essential attention is paid to landscapes, which are key in the formation of this system. The impact of technogenesis on these landscapes was studied and the two-tiered nature of mining and residential landscapes was revealed. It was established that this process led to the transformation of natural landscapes into anthropogenic ones, as well as to the formation of surface and underground layers that determine the structure of the Kryvyi Rih landscape-technical system. This work indicates the need to improve the methods of determining the environmental risk of mining activities and emphasizes the importance of preserving natural resources and the health of local communities in the context of the development of the mining industry in Ukraine.
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Mihailović, Aleksandra, Jordana Ninkov, Selena Samardžić, Savka Adamović, Robert Lakatoš, Sofija M. Forkapić et Tomas Nemeš. « PTE DISTRIBUTION FACTOR AS AN INDICATOR OF URBAN SOIL POLLUTION ». Dans XIV International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Environmental Protection, 335–41. University of Novi Sad Technical Faculty “Mihajlo Pupin” Zrenjanin, Republic of Serbia PROCEEDINGS of the XIV International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Environmental Protection IIZS 2024 Zrenjanin, October 3-4, 2024., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iizs24.335m.
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This paper examines the distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) among various soil particle sizes, with a focus on Fluvisol soils in Novi Sad, Serbia, which are distinguished for their high sand content. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs), as As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb were analyzed in urban soil in the vicinity of major roads and distribution factors (DF) were calculated. Urban soil was initially collected as bulk samples and then separated into seven distinct particle size fractions through wet sieving. Based on the obtained results, the highest values were observed in the finest fraction (< 25 μm), followed by larger fractions (500-1000 μm), while the lowest values were found in the medium-sized particles (125-250 μm). Considering the predominant presence of sand as larger particle in urban soils worldwide, it is important to include coarser fractions in the risk assessment for the urban environment.
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Dong, Chuanming, Philippe Gambette et Catherine Dominguès. « Extracting Event-related Information from a Corpus Regarding Soil Industrial Pollution ». Dans 13th International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010656700003064.
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Rome´ro, Ste´phanie. « Environmental Remediation of an ALSTOM Grid Industrial Site (France) ». Dans ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59270.
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ALSTOM Grid is the project owner of the remediation of a former industrial site, located in Saint-Ouen, north of Paris. The industrial activity (power transformer production) started in 1921 and stopped in 2006. The type of pollution is linked with the former activity. It’s an organic pollution: hydrocarbon, PCB and chlorinated volatile organic compounds. The clean-up concerns soil and groundwater. The main specificity of the project is that the remediation is operated inside the existing industrial buildings which must be kept in place and restituted to the owner after the works. The treatment of soil requires excavating soil up to 9 m deep (1 m under the level of the groundwater) inside the buildings. As a consequence, some impressive devices were set up to ensure the stability of the buildings during the clean-up, like support structures of the foundations and strengthening of the building fronts. In the same time, it has to be pointed out that great diversity of clean-up actions is performed on the site: the soil is excavated to be treated on site (bioremediation or chemical treatment) or off site. The treatment of groundwater consists of pumping the oil staying on the surface and oxidizing the dissolved pollution. This project is probably the first experience of this scale in France with multi-contaminated soil and groundwater decontamination in keeping and reinforcing the existing buildings.
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Kharina, G. V. « The problem of technogenic soil pollution in the city of Yekaterinburg with heavy metals ». Dans III ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION “ACHIEVEMENTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, CULTURAL INITIATIVES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT-DNIT-III-2024”. Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/dnit-iii.2024.11.1004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
: the work is devoted to the problem of soil pollution in Yekaterinburg with heavy metals. The mechanisms of fixation of heavy metals in soils are given; the negative effects of accumulation of heavy metals in soils are noted. The purpose of the work was to assess the degree of technogenic accumulation of heavy metals in the soils of the city of Yekaterinburg. The experimental part lists the sites of soil sampling in Yekaterinburg; describes the method of preparing samples for analysis; it is noted that the gross content of heavy metals (copper, lead, cadmium, zinc and nickel) was determined by inversion voltammetry. It was found that soils with sampling sites located near industrial enterprises are more polluted. The values of the geoaccumulation index of these heavy metals in soils are calculated. A strong level of soil contamination with lead and cadmium and an average level of contamination with nickel and zinc were revealed. A number of technogeneities of heavy metals in the soils of Yekaterinburg have been established. The maximum technogenicity is set for cadmium and lead.
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БЕЛОЗЕРЦЕВА И, А., В. ВЛАСОВА Н, Б. ВОРОБЬЕВА И, А. СОРОКОВОЙ А, Н. ЛОПАТИНА Д, И. ШЕХОВЦОВ А, А. ЗВЕРЕВА Н et А. СКОСЫРСКИЙ Н. « EXPERIENCE OF SOIL-GEOCHEMICAL AND SOIL-MAPPINC WORKS IN ZONES OF INTENSIVE WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ». Dans ГЕОЛОГИЯ И МИНЕРАЛЬНО-СЫРЬЕВЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОКА РОССИИ 2024, 402–8. Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53954/9785604990100_402.
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Concentration of large ecologically dangerous industrial productions in Siberia, lack of the effective clearing equipment and a complex of adverse meteorological factors led to that in its territory there were areas with an unsuccessful ecological situation. The largest sources of soil pollution are combines of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy. There is some data of researches from authors of technogenic impact on soils, which locate close to aluminum manufacture. By results of the works lead by author, the characteristic of a chemical compound of soils territories oil fields and gas of a Leno-Angarsk plateau and territory of extraction of gold and tin in East Sayan and in Transbaikalian edge is given. On the basis of long-term researches in territory of Russia and Mongolia mapping degradation and pollution of soils in territory of pool of lake Baikal is carried out.
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Gerasimov, V. N., E. M. Aslanyan et N. A. Leontyeva. « METHODOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL DISINFECTANT SELECTION FOR INDUSTRIAL SOIL DISINFECTION ». Dans THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.94-98.
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Experimental selection of disinfectants for industrial disinfection of soil, ground, bottom sediments, and sewage sludge contaminated with helminth eggs is carried out in several stages. Laboratory tests have shown that only 2 products have an optimal disinfection effect out of 20 disinfectants of different chemical nature tested on soil samples contaminated with swine roundworm eggs. The soil disinfection modes established in laboratory conditions for selected disinfectants are not effective in disinfecting large volumes of soil. It is proposed that scaled tests of selected disinfectants be performed on soil samples contaminated with helminth eggs before industrial soil disinfection to develop disinfection technology for large volumes of soil. Using a device for scaled disinfectant testing that simulates the structure, density, physical, biological and chemical properties and characteristics of multi-layer soil in various ecosystems, technological modes are established for the disinfection of industrial volumes of soil. The established concentrating and timing parameters of industrial soil disinfection provide high-quality disinfection in various ecosystems and completely eliminate environmental pollution with ineffective disinfectants or ineffective concentrations of standard disinfectant solutions against helminth eggs.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Industrial soil pollution"
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Iraoya, Augustine, Chukwuka Onyekwena, David Okorie et Adedeji Adeniran. EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AREA (AFCFTA) ON AFRICA’S BIODIVERSITY. Global Development Network (GDN), décembre 2024. https://doi.org/10.69814/wp/202492.
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Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), can significantly influence biodiversity conservation based on their design and implementation. While AfCFTA may encourage countries to strengthen environmental regulations in line with international agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and CITES, there are concerns that economic goals might overshadow ecological considerations. This could lead to industrial growth in agriculture and mining, risking deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, this study employs the Energy-Environment Integrated CGE (EEICGE) Model to analyze AfCFTA’s impacts on Africa's biodiversity. Simulation results for Nigeria indicate a rise in fossil fuel demand and carbon emissions. Stakeholder insights reveal that increased trade may drive intensified land use, contributing to deforestation and biodiversity loss. The study underscores that the impact of AfCFTA on biodiversity is contingent on specific provisions, enforcement capacities, and implementation contexts. To ensure FTAs support sustainable development, strategic measures are vital, including robust environmental regulation enforcement, local community engagement, and investment in renewable energy to meet rising energy needs while adhering to global commitments like the Paris Agreement.
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Einarsson, Rasmus. Nitrogen in the food system. TABLE, février 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/2fa45626.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nitrogen (N) plays a dual role in the agri-food system: it is an essential nutrient for all life forms, yet also an environmental pollutant causing a range of environmental and human health impacts. As the plant nutrient needed in greatest quantities, and as a building block of proteins and other biomolecules, N is a necessary part of all life. In the last century, an enormous increase of N turnover in the agri-food system has enabled increasing per-capita food supply for a growing world population, but as an unintended side effect, N pollution has increased to levels widely agreed in science and policy to be far beyond sustainable limits. There is no such thing as perfectly circular N supply. Losses of N to the environment inevitably arise as N is transformed and used in the food system, for example in soil processes, in manure storage, and in fertilizer application. This lost N must be replaced by ‘new’ N, which is N converted to bioavailable forms from the vast atmospheric pool of unreactive dinitrogen (N2). New N comes mainly as synthetic N fertilizer and through a process known as biological N fixation (BNF). In addition, there is a large internal flow of recycled N in the food system, mainly in the form of livestock excreta. This recirculated N, however, is internal to the food system and cannot make up for the inevitable losses of N. The introduction of synthetic N fertilizer during the 20th century revolutionized the entire food system. The industrial production of synthetic N fertilizer was a revolution for agricultural systems because it removed the natural constraint of N scarcity. Given sufficient energy, synthetic N fertilizer can be produced in limitless quantities from atmospheric dinitrogen (N2). This has far-reaching consequences for the whole agri-food system. The annual input of synthetic N fertilizer today is more than twice the annual input of new N in pre-industrial agriculture. Since 1961, increased N input has enabled global output of both crop and livestock products to roughly triple. During the same time period, total food-system N emissions to the environment have also more than tripled. Livestock production is responsible for a large majority of agricultural N emissions. Livestock consume about three-quarters of global cropland N output and are thereby responsible for a similar share of cropland N emissions to air and water. In addition, N emissions from livestock housing and manure management systems contribute a substantial share of global N emissions to air. There is broad political agreement that global N emissions from agriculture should be reduced by about 50%. High-level policy targets of the EU and of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity are for a 50% reduction in N emissions. These targets are in line with a large body of research assessing what would be needed to stay within acceptable limits as regards ecosystem change and human health impacts. In the absence of dietary change towards less N-intensive diets, N emissions from food systems could be reduced by about 30%, compared to business-as-usual scenarios. This could be achieved by implementing a combination of technical measures, improved management practices, improved recycling of wasted N (including N from human excreta), and spatial optimization of agriculture. Human dietary change, especially in the most affluent countries, offers a huge potential for reducing N emissions from food systems. While many of the world’s poor would benefit nutritionally from increasing their consumption of nutrient-rich animal-source foods, many other people consume far more nutrients than is necessary and could reduce consumption of animal-source food by half without any nutritional issues. Research shows that global adoption of healthy but less N-polluting diets might plausibly cut future food-system N losses by 10–40% compared to business-as-usual scenarios. There is no single solution for solving the N challenge. Research shows that efficiency improvements and food waste reductions will almost certainly be insufficient to reach agreed environmental targets. To reach agreed targets, it seems necessary to also shift global average food consumption onto a trajectory with less animal-source food.
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Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert et Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.
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Couture, Caroline, Jérôme Lavoué, Philippe Sarazin, Isabelle Valois et Maximilien Debia. Substitution du dichlorométhane. IRSST, mars 2025. https://doi.org/10.70010/chwb3364.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Résumé L’exposition aux solvants organiques est une préoccupation majeure en santé et en sécurité du travail. Selon CAREX Canada, 22 000 travailleuses et travailleurs canadiens étaient exposés en 2016 au dichlorométhane (DCM), incluant 5 600 travailleuses et travailleurs québécois. Le DCM est notamment utilisé comme solvant dans les décapants à peinture et les dégraissants, comme milieu réactionnel dans la synthèse de produits pharmaceutiques et de pesticides et comme solvant pour l’extraction de substances organiques. En plus de ses effets irritants et cancérogènes, le DCM peut être responsable d’une carboxyhémoglobinémie par production endogène de monoxyde de carbone lors de sa transformation métabolique. La toxicité du DCM a mené à son interdiction dans l’Union européenne dans les décapants à peinture depuis 2012 et de nouvelles réglementations se mettent en place aux États-Unis afin d’interdire ou de limiter son utilisation. Au Canada, le DCM est inscrit sur la Liste critique des ingrédients des cosmétiques de Santé Canada et son usage est interdit dans les cosmétiques en aérosols. Ces mesures forcent les entreprises à travailler au remplacement du DCM dans de nombreuses applications. C’est dans cette optique qu’une revue de littérature critique a été effectuée afin d’identifier les options de rechange au DCM. Pour ce faire, une recherche exhaustive a été réaliséedans 1) des bases de données bibliographiques; 2) des banques de données factuelles; 3) des rapports d’études de cas et 4) des fiches de substitution par utilisation. Une consultation de quatre banques de données d’exposition professionnelle a aussi été complétée afin de cibler les milieux de travail les plus préoccupants au regard de l’exposition au DCM. Deux outils d’analyse comparative ont permis d’évaluer les options de remplacement du DCM. Il s’agit du rapport de danger de vapeur (indice « Vapour Hazard Ratio » ou VHR), indiquant le potentiel de surexposition de différentes options de remplacement, ainsi que du système P2OASys (Pollution Prevention Option Analysis System) produit par le Toxics Use Reduction Institute (TURI) et permettant d’attribuer une cote aux produits chimiques selon différents critères (notamment en environnement, santé et sécurité). Finalement, les différents solvants de remplacement identifiés ont été analysés en regard du programme Safer Choice de l’U.S. EPA qui vise à informer sur le degré de vertitude des substances. Les secteurs de la réparation des avions et automobiles (fuselage et carrosserie), de la production de produits chimiques organiques industriels et de produits du plastique (incluant les produits en mousse plastique), de la fabrication et de la réparation des structures de bois (rembourrage, matelas et sommiers, mobiliers de bureau, bâtiments publics et mobiliers connexes, cloisons, luminaires, armoires de cuisine), mais aussi ceux de la fabrication d’ascenseurs et d’escaliers mobiles sont propices à engendrer des situations de surexposition. Dix-sept solvants de remplacement ont été identifiés avec à la fois un VHR ≤ 1000 et une cote P2OASys ≤ 6. Parmi ces solvants, on souligne les esters d’acides dicarboxyliques (DBE), le carbonate de propylène, le d-limonène, le lactate d’éthyle, les acétates, le diméthylsulfoxyde (DMSO), le méthylal (diméthoxyméthane), l’alcool benzylique (AB), l’isopropanol, et certains éthers de glycol. Les DBE, le lactate d’éthyle, l’isopropanol et l’acétate de propyle sont aussi des produits recommandés par le programme Safer Choice. D’autres substances présentant des enjeux plus importants en hygiène du travail, le N,N-Diméthylformamide (DMF) et la N-méthyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), apparaissent aussi comme des options de remplacement au DCM. Toutes ces options de remplacement ne sont pas sans danger pour les travailleuses et travailleurs, et tout projet de remplacement du DCM devrait se faire selon une démarche organisée et systématique, soit la démarche en 9 étapes proposée par Gérin et Bégin (2002).