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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Infections »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 29 mars 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Infections"

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Glózik, Ágnes. « Az infekciókontroll mérföldkövei – történelmi kitekintés ». Kaleidoscope history 10, no 21 (2020) : 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2020.21.313-323.

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Infectious diseases and epidemics associated since ever the men’s history. In each historical age, arose different methods and theories about treating and preventing infectious diseases. It is important to separate hospital-acquired infections and community-acquired infectious diseases. Within epidemiology, a specific branch deals with nosocomial infections. The most important goal is their prevention named as infection control. To be able to assess the extent of current progress in nosocomial infections, it is important to understand the history of infection control, which is nowadays a worldwide program because healthcare-associated infections affected hundreds of millions of patients every year.
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Kucukardali, Yasar, Oral Oncul, Erdogan Kunter, Vedat Turhan, Emrullah Solmazgul, Hakan Terekeci, Ozkan Sayan et Cagatay Oktenli. « Community acquired infections in elderly population ». Open Medicine 4, no 2 (1 juin 2009) : 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-008-0072-4.

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AbstractIn geriatric practice, data regarding infections including the epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality are lacking. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency, location, microbiological and laboratory characteristics of infectious diseases in elderly population admitted to a training hospital. The patients were included total of 330 patients, aged over 65 with infection, seen between January 1, 2005 and January 1, 2006. In the result, of patients 136 (41%) had respiratory system infection, 90 (27%) urinary system infection, 39 (12%) gastrointestinal system infection, 34 (10%) bloodstream infections, 17 (5%) soft tissue infection, 8 (2%) central nervous system infections, and 6 (2%) others. Average length of hospitalization was 8.6±7.7 days. Mortality rate from all causes was 57 (17%). The most common infections in elderly patients were respiratory tract and urinary system infections, and there were no fever, leukocytes and high CRP levels in approximately 1/3 of cases. Infectious diseases may occur even in the absence of such infection indicators as fever, raised WBC count and high CRP level in the elderly population.
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Xu, Yin, Kelsi A. Smith, Ayako Hiyoshi, Fredrik Piehl, Tomas Olsson et Scott Montgomery. « Hospital-diagnosed infections before age 20 and risk of a subsequent multiple sclerosis diagnosis ». Brain 144, no 8 (9 mars 2021) : 2390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab100.

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Abstract The involvement of specific viral and bacterial infections as risk factors for multiple sclerosis has been studied extensively. However, whether this extends to infections in a broader sense is less clear and little is known about whether risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis is associated with other types and sites of infections such as the CNS. This study aims to assess if hospital-diagnosed infections by type and site before age 20 years are associated with risk of a subsequent multiple sclerosis diagnosis and whether this association is explained entirely by infectious mononucleosis, pneumonia, and CNS infections. Individuals born in Sweden between 1970 and 1994 were identified using the Swedish Total Population Register (n = 2 422 969). Multiple sclerosis diagnoses from age 20 years and hospital-diagnosed infections before age 20 years were identified using the Swedish National Patient Register. Risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis associated with various infections in adolescence (11–19 years) and earlier childhood (birth–10 years) was estimated using Cox regression, with adjustment for sex, parental socio-economic position, and infection type. None of the infections by age 10 years were associated with risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis. Any infection in adolescence increased the risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.21–1.46) and remained statistically significant after exclusion of infectious mononucleosis, pneumonia, and CNS infection (hazard ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.30). CNS infection in adolescence (excluding encephalomyelitis to avoid including acute disseminated encephalitis) increased the risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis (hazard ratio 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.11–3.07). The increased risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis associated with viral infection in adolescence was largely explained by infectious mononucleosis. Bacterial infections in adolescence increased risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis, but the magnitude of risk reduced after excluding infectious mononucleosis, pneumonia and CNS infection (hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.13–1.51). Respiratory infection in adolescence also increased risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis (hazard ratio 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.30–1.75), but was not statistically significant after excluding infectious mononucleosis and pneumonia. These findings suggest that a variety of serious infections in adolescence, including novel evidence for CNS infections, are risk factors for a subsequent multiple sclerosis diagnosis, further demonstrating adolescence is a critical period of susceptibility to environmental exposures that raise the risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis. Importantly, this increased risk cannot be entirely explained by infectious mononucleosis, pneumonia, or CNS infections.
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Kinnunen, Susanna, Pauli Karhapää, Auni Juutilainen, Patrik Finne et Ilkka Helanterä. « Secular Trends in Infection-Related Mortality after Kidney Transplantation ». Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 13, no 5 (5 avril 2018) : 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.11511017.

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Background and objectivesInfections are the most common noncardiovascular causes of death after kidney transplantation. We analyzed the current infection-related mortality among kidney transplant recipients in a nationwide cohort in Finland.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsAltogether, 3249 adult recipients of a first kidney transplant from 1990 to 2012 were included. Infectious causes of death were analyzed, and the mortality rates for infections were compared between two eras (1990–1999 and 2000–2012). Risk factors for infectious deaths were analyzed with Cox regression and competing risk analyses.ResultsAltogether, 953 patients (29%) died during the follow-up, with 204 infection-related deaths. Mortality rate (per 1000 patient-years) due to infections was lower in the more recent cohort (4.6; 95% confidence interval, 3.5 to 6.1) compared with the older cohort (9.1; 95% confidence interval, 7.6 to 10.7); the incidence rate ratio of infectious mortality was 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.30 to 0.68). The main causes of infectious deaths were common bacterial infections: septicemia in 38% and pulmonary infections in 45%. Viral and fungal infections caused only 2% and 3% of infectious deaths, respectively (such as individual patients with Cytomegalovirus pneumonia, Herpes simplex virus meningoencephalitis, Varicella zoster virus encephalitis, and Pneumocystis jirovecii infection). Similarly, opportunistic bacterial infections rarely caused death; only one death was caused by Listeria monocytogenes, and two were caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Only 23 (11%) of infection-related deaths occurred during the first post-transplant year. Older recipient age, higher plasma creatinine concentration at the end of the first post-transplant year, diabetes as a cause of ESKD, longer pretransplant dialysis duration, acute rejection, low albumin level, and earlier era of transplantation were associated with increased risk of infectious death in multivariable analysis.ConclusionsThe risk of death due to infectious causes after kidney transplantation in Finland dropped by one half since the 1990s. Common bacterial infections remained the most frequent cause of infection-related mortality, whereas opportunistic viral, fungal, or unconventional bacterial infections rarely caused deaths after kidney transplantation.
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Lobzin, Yu V., S. V. Rychkova, A. N. Uskov, N. V. Skripchenko et V. V. Fedorov. « Current trends in paediatric infections in the Russian Federation ». Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 27, no 4 (14 août 2020) : 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2020-27-4-119-133.

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The onset of 2020 clearly demonstrated that infection agents pose a major threat to mankind. Current infectiology is shaped by resurrection of “old” seemingly forgotten infections, emergence of “new” infection agents, unusual combinations of known agents, evolving resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs, transformation of human microbiome leading to distortions in herd immunity and, ultimately, emergence of healthcare-related infectious diseases, not letting alone threats of bioterror. Infection agents evolve together with mankind. Novel facets emerge in infectiology, alongside with trends in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infectious diseases that become more diverse as the list of pathogens grows. Human and infection agent links extend beyond antagonistic relations towards symbiosis. Microorganisms adapt quickly in the new technogenic environment giving rise to novel pathogens and making it unlikely for the mankind to get free from infections any time soon.The total economic damage from infectious diseases increases by year, despite continuous improvement in therapy. Infectious mortality in children aged 0 to 14 years is the top fourth among other causes of death. The work assesses comparative dynamics of “common” childhood infections in the Russian Federation during 2018–2020. We analyse official statistics on paediatric infectious morbidity, comparative dynamics of main infectious diseases (acute respiratory diseases, intestinal infections of bacterial and viral nature, neuroinfections, anthropozoonotic infections, viral hepatitises), assess trends in morbidity of vaccine-preventable infections in children and adults in the Russian Federation, with greater detail towards selected regions, from January 2018 to April 2020.
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Ayaz, Caglayan Merve, Serdar Ceylan, Vural Taner Yılmaz, Haydar Adanır et Özge Turhan. « Timeline and Incidence of Infectious Complications in Older Transplant Recipients During the First Year Post-Transplantation ». Pathogens 13, no 12 (2 décembre 2024) : 1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13121061.

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The number of older adults undergoing organ transplantation, and waiting lists are increasing. The epidemiological data on infections in older transplant patients are scarce. The objective of the study was to investigate the incidence and distribution of infectious complications in older patients according to post-transplant periods. This retrospective study was conducted in a university hospital between 1 January 2018 and 31 March 2023. All infectious episodes were analyzed over three post-transplant periods. Forty-four patients were enrolled. The median age was 67 years (min: 65 and max: 87 years). Patients experienced a total of 98 infectious episodes. The median number of infectious events per patient was 1.0 (min: 0 and max: 8). The overall incidence rate of infectious events was 2.18 infectious episodes per 1000 transplant days. Of the patients at risk, 18.2% had 12 (12.4% of all infections) infections in the first month (9.09 episodes per 1000 transplant days), 56.8% had 52 (53.1%) infections between 1 and 6 months (7.88 episodes per 1000 transplant days), and 40.9% had 34 (35%) infections >6–12 months post-transplant (0.92 episodes per 1000 transplant days) The most prevalent type of infection was bacterial (79.6%, n = 78) followed by viral (18.4%, n = 18) and fungal (2.0%, n = 2) infections. The overall mortality rate of the 44 patients was 13.6%. The bacterial infections were more prevalent, and the incidence of infection was high during all post-transplant periods. These results may guide infection management in older transplant patients.
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Epperla, Narendranath, Mirela Anghelina, Qiuhong Zhao, Akwasi Agyeman, James S. Blachly, Kerry A. Rogers, Gerard Lozanski, Christopher C. Oakes, Michael R. Grever et Leslie Andritsos. « Infection at the Time of Initial Therapy for Hairy Cell Leukemia Is Associated with Inferior Time to Next Treatment ». Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 novembre 2018) : 2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119951.

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Abstract Introduction: Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) is a rare, chronic hematological malignancy that makes up approximately 2% of all leukemias. HCL patients are at a markedly increased risk for infection related to a combination of disease-related and treatment-related immunosuppression which has been well described in the literature. However, the significance of infection prior to initiation of HCL therapy and its impact on the subsequent selection of HCL treatment, or outcomes, is not well described. Using the HCL patient data registry, we report here the impact of antecedent infection on the treatment patterns and outcomes of HCL patients. Methods: We evaluated adult (≥18 years) patients with HCL who had information regarding antecedent infections and subsequent HCL treatment during 1984-2018. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS-1). Secondary endpoint included time to next treatment (TTNT). PFS-1 was measured from the date of first HCL treatment to date of progression/death or last follow-up. TTNT was defined as the time from first HCL treatment to initiation of second HCL treatment. The study population was stratified into 3 groups based on the presence or absence of antecedent infections: no infection prior to first HCL treatment (no infection group), infection within 30 days prior to first HCL treatment (infection1 group) and infection >30 days prior to first HCL treatment (infection2 group). Fisher's exact test or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the characteristics among the no infection and infection groups and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the association with PFS-1 and TTNT. Results: A total of 205 HCL patients who had information regarding antecedent infections and subsequent HCL treatment were eligible for the study. Among these, 144 (70%) belonged to the no infection group, while 26 patients (13%) belonged to infection1 group and 35 (17%) to infection2 group. Patient characteristics are shown in Table 1 with a breakdown between the three groups. The majority of the patients were Caucasian with a male preponderance and had classic HCL. The patients in the infection1 group had a lower median WBC (K/uL) (1.9 vs 3.1 vs 2.9), particularly the absolute neutrophil count (K/uL) (0.4 vs 0.7 vs 0.8) and significantly lower median hemoglobin (gm%) (10.1 vs 12.2 vs 12.4) relative to the no infection and infection2 groups, respectively (p=0.01). Similarly, a greater proportion of patients in the infection1 group had significant comorbidities (including pulmonary, gastrointestinal and hepatic disease) relative to no infection and infection2 groups as shown in Table 1. The majority of patients received purine nucleoside analogs as their first HCL treatment (no infection group=92%, infection1 group=85%, infection2 group=94%). The median PFS-1 (in years) was better in the no infection group compared to the infection1 group but was not statistically significant (17.0 [95% CI=7.9-not reached (NR)] vs 8.8 [95% CI=4.2-NR], respectively, p=0.98, Figure 1). However, the median TTNT (in years) was significantly longer for HCL patients with no infection versus the infection1 group (6.3 [95% CI=5.4-7.8] vs 3.6 [95% CI=0.7-NR], respectively, p=0.001, Figure 1). On subgroup analysis, relative to the no infection group, median PFS-1 (in years) was not significantly different in infection1 group treated with Pentostatin (10.7 [95% CI=3.53-NR] vs NR [95% CI=1.38-NR], respectively, p=0.43), however, the median PFS-1 (in years) was shorter in the infection1 group treated with Cladribine (17.0 [95% CI=7.67-NR] vs 4.0 [95% CI=2.00-NR], respectively), although not reaching statistical significance (p=0.09) probably due to small sample size. Conclusion: In this large series of HCL patients who received treatment, we show that the patients who had infections at the time of HCL treatment have a significantly shorter TTNT. The reasons for this are unclear but may indicate that patients were unable to receive treatment in a timely manner because of the infection, or were unable to complete treatment because of complications. The significant difference in hemoglobin between the infection1 and other groups indicates the possibility that these patients had more advanced HCL at the time of diagnosis. These findings indicate the potential long term negative impact of infections in patients who need treatment for HCL and reinforce the need for careful management in this setting. Disclosures Lozanski: Beckman: Research Funding; Coulter: Research Funding; Stem Line: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; BI: Research Funding. Andritsos:HCLF: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Consultancy.
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Garwood, Robert A., Robert G. Sawyer, Lee Thompson et Reid B. Adams. « Infectious Complications after Hepatic Resection ». American Surgeon 70, no 9 (septembre 2004) : 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480407000908.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the characteristics of surgical infections after hepatic resection (HR) to identify factors accounting for increased postoperative mortality. Advances in operative technique and care have decreased morbidity and mortality after HR. However, infections after HR continue to be a major contributor to postoperative morbidity and mortality. All HR done during a 7-year period were analyzed and compared to our prospective surgical infection database. Factors contributing to infectious complications and mortality were identified. HR (n = 207) were performed with an overall mortality of 5.8 per cent. Nine patients (3.3%) had 18 infections; 6 (60%) had multiple infection sites, most commonly the peritoneum, blood, or wound. Three infected patients died. Lung and line infections occurred in 2 (67%) infection-related deaths. No single comorbidity increased postoperative infection risk, but an average of 6.7 co-morbid conditions were present. All infection-related deaths were associated with ventilator-dependence. All infection-related deaths occurred after resection of a mean of four segments. Additional procedures at the time of HR, operative drains, or transfusion requirements did not impact infectious complications or mortality. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus sp. was isolated in all infection-related deaths. The mean time from HR to initiation of treatment was 8 days for infection survivors and 13.3 days for infection-related deaths. Infectious mortality after HR remains significant. Contributing risk factors are advanced age, multiple comorbid conditions, and extent of HR. Ventilator-dependence and delays in antibiotic therapy were associated with infectious mortality. Although gram-negative enteric infections were more common, abdominal, lung, and line infections with gram-positive cocci had higher associated mortality; especially when antibiotic resistant strains were present.
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Pockaj, B. A., S. L. Topalian, S. M. Steinberg, D. E. White et S. A. Rosenberg. « Infectious complications associated with interleukin-2 administration : a retrospective review of 935 treatment courses. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 11, no 1 (janvier 1993) : 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1993.11.1.136.

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PURPOSE To determine if interleukin-2 (IL-2)-treated patients are prone to develop clinically significant infections, a retrospective review of 519 patients who received 935 treatment courses over a 38-month period was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS Treatment records of patients receiving intravenous (IV) bolus IL-2 were reviewed. Clinically significant infectious episodes were identified by retrieving data on antibiotic usage and cross-referencing this with microbiology records and chart review. RESULTS One hundred thirty-nine documented infectious episodes occurred in 122 treatment courses (13.0%); 11 courses were associated with more than one episode of infection. Predominantly urinary tract infections (6.8%) and infections related to IV catheters (5.3%) were encountered. Fifty-eight percent of the catheter-related infections were associated with bacteremia. Other infections included respiratory tract infections (1.0%), skin/muscle infections (0.9%), and miscellaneous infections (0.9%). Bacteria were isolated from the majority of infections. Almost all patients were successfully treated for their infection, with only two septic deaths (0.2%). No difference was noted in infected versus non-infected patients with regard to diagnosis or previous therapy. There was a significant tendency for those patients who developed infection to be older (P2 = .002, Mantel test for trend). Risk factors for the development of infection included vascular access catheters, open wounds, biliary obstruction, or incomplete treatment of previous infections. Over the 3-year study period, the incidence of infection declined from 23% to 7% (P2 < .0001, Mantel test for trend) due to rigorous patient screening, vigilant monitoring for infection, liberal use of antibiotics for suspected infection, and use of prophylactic antibiotics for central venous catheter placement. CONCLUSION Although treatment with IL-2 may be associated with a slightly increased incidence of bacterial infections, these infections can be successfully managed in the great majority of cases.
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Ramírez-Soto, Max Carlos, Andrés Tirado-Sánchez et Alexandro Bonifaz. « Ocular Sporotrichosis ». Journal of Fungi 7, no 11 (10 novembre 2021) : 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7110951.

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Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic mycosis predominant in tropical and subtropical regions. It is an infection of subcutaneous tissue caused by Sporothrix fungus species, but occasionally resulting in an extracutaneous condition, including osteoarticular, pulmonary, nervous central system, and ocular disease. Cases of ocular sporotrichosis are rare, but reports have been increasing in recent decades. Ocular infections usually occur in hyperendemic areas of sporotrichosis. For its classification, anatomic criteria are used. The clinical presentation is the infection in the ocular adnexal and intraocular infection. Ocular adnexa infections include palpebral, conjunctivitis, and infections of the lacrimal sac. Intraocular infection includes exogenous or endogenous endophthalmitis. Most infections in the ocular adnexal have been reported in Brazil, China and Peru, and intraocular infections are limited to the USA and Brazil. Diagnosis is performed from Sporothrix isolation in the mycological examination from ocular or skin samples. Both sporotrichosis in the ocular adnexa and intraocular infection can mimic several infectious and non-infectious medical conditions. Ocular adnexa infections are treated with potassium iodide and itraconazole. The intraocular infection is treated with amphotericin B. This review describes the clinical findings and epidemiological, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular sporotrichosis.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Infections"

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Corvellec-Rudelli, Anne. « Les infections néo-natales ». Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23061.

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Rubenovitch, Josh. « Les infections nosocomiales : à propos des infections liées aux catheters ». Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11168.

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Nguyen, Patrick Bouaziz Hervé. « Etude de l'intérêt et influence de la décontamination digestive sélective chez le patient polytraumatisé ventilé en réanimation chirurgicale ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2001_NGUYEN_PATRICK.pdf.

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Чемич, Оксана Миколаївна, Оксана Николаевна Чемич, Oksana Mykolaivna Chemych, Я. Л. Кравцова et А. А. Олефір. « Structure of opportunistic infections in patients with HIV- infection ». Thesis, Sumy State University, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/74893.

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Діагностика першої та другої стадій ВІЛ-інфекції низька. Опортуністичні інфекції та супутні захворювання посилюють перебіг ВІЛ-інфекції. Найбільш поширеною опортуністичною інфекцією є кандидоз ротоглотки. У структурі супутньої патології переважають хронічні вірусні гепатити С і метаболічна кардіоміопатія.
Диагностика первой и второй стадии ВИЧ-инфекции невысока. Оппортунистические инфекции и сопутствующие заболевания обостряют течение ВИЧ-инфекции. Наиболее распространенной оппортунистической инфекцией является кандидоз ротоглотки. Хронический вирусный гепатит С и метаболическая кардиомиопатия преобладают в структуре сопутствующей патологии.
Diagnosis of the first and second stages of HIV-infection is low. Opportunistic infections and concomitant illnesses aggravate the course of HIV-infection. The most common opportunistic infection is oropharyngeal candidiasis. Chronic viral hepatitis C and metabolic cardiomyopathy are predominate in the structure of concomitant pathology.
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Spenillo, Jocelyn K. « Nurse’s Perceptions of Visitor’s Adherence to Transmission-Based Precautions ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/316.

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Transmissions based precautions are measures implemented in various clinical health care settings as a means to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases and decrease instances of healthcare acquired infections (HAI). HAI’s result in increased cost to hospitals, longer hospitalization for patients, increased patient suffering, and fatal patient outcomes. While staff member adherence to transmissions based precautions are mandated through various organizations and hospital policies, a review of literature indicates little research has been conducted regarding visitor compliance with transmission-based precautions. The potential implications in healthcare from visitor non-adherence acquired infections are unknown; revealing a gap in literature and supporting the need for further research to describe the phenomenon. Through utilization of a descriptive online survey instrument, the purpose of this descriptive study is to gain insight into why nurses believe visitors may or may not be compliant with transmission-based precautions. To collect the data, an online descriptive survey instrument was developed and distributed via email to all graduate students’ enrolled East Tennessee State University’s College of Nursing. Only ten participants met the eligibility requirements to participate in this study. Data was analyzed though a predictive analytics software and grouping responses into themes. Responses suggest that nurses feel visitors are not complying with transmission-based precautions because of a lack in education, not perceiving the infection as a threat, prior exposure to loved one at home, and inconvenience.
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Richard, Patrick. « L'infection en réanimation : étude prospective ». Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11221.

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Mangunwiryo, Hariyadi. « Aspects of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus infections in farmed fish ». Thesis, Kingston University, 1988. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20347/.

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A rainbow trout (Slamo gairdneri Richardson) population of IPN virus carriers was studied over a one-year period using both homogenisatian and co-cultivation for virus isolation. The percentage of virus-yielding fish was high between March and June but then declined. This was diametrically opposite to the trend in the serum antibody levels indicating that the marked humoral immune response resulted in a very significant reduction in the virus titres. The highest isolation rate was obtained from the kidneys after co-cultivation (from seventeen of the twenty-three virus-positive fish) underlining the very high sensitivity of this recently developed method for virus detection. Twelve of the twenty-three virus-positive fish yielded virus from the pyloric caeca after homogenisation. Virus was occasionally isolated from the faeces indicating that this may well be a possible avenue for horizontal transmission of the virus. No virus was ever detected in gonadal tissue. The virulence of the rainbow trout virus was enhanced in various ways and used to infect tilapia Oreochromis spilurus Gunther of different ages through a variety of routes. Fry infected by direct immersion, orally and by force feeding showed little or no signs of infection. Intraperitoneally and intramuscularly injected fingerling and adult fish developed marked haemorrhaging, severe loss of skin mucus and up to 50% mortalities were recorded. Gross pathology included enlarged and liquifying liver, gastroenteritis and mild brain haemorrhaging. Histopathologically there was extensive cellular vacuolation and degeneration as well as marked leucocytic infiltration in the liver, intestine and swimbladder. Eosinophilic granule cell infiltration of the intestinal wall was also very prominent. Virus was recovered from several organs and determination of virus titres revealed that active viral replication had occurred in the tilapia tissues, a finding further supported by electron microscopical evidence. The fish showed a clear humoral antibody response.
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Walzl, Gerhard. « The influence of infection history on the immunopathology of unrelated infections ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405807.

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Dodd, Will. « GU Infections ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8931.

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Dray, Sandrine. « Prévention des infections acquises en réanimation ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191220_DRAY_424hxvw233y909lp868mkhqej_TH.pdf.

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En réanimation,le taux de patients présentant une infection nosocomiale atteint les 15%.Parmi les méthodes de prévention, la lutte contre le portage de germes au niveau cutané et la prévention de la transmission croisée par le lavage des mains du personnel sont des méthodes efficaces.La désinfection de la peau à la Chlorhexidine est une stratégie d’intérêt croissant pour les patients en réanimation.Cette stratégie nécessite encore des essais explorant la sécurité,le rapport coût-efficacité et l'impact de l'utilisation systématique de lingettes.La compliance à l’hygiène des mains (HH) reste une limite à la prévention des infections.Nous avons réalisé une étude pédagogique par simulation et l'utilisation des cabinets UV améliore la technique et la conformité aux opportunités en HH.Concernant la prévention des infections pulmonaires, la colonisation bactérienne trachéobronchique précède souvent l’apparition de la pneumopathie acquises sous ventilation mécanique (PAV),et il a été postulé que les microbes présents dans les sécrétions trachéales quelques jours avant la PAV pourraient être identiques à ceux retrouvés dans les voies respiratoires inférieures.La réalisation d’aspirations trachéales (ETA) régulières serait une méthode préventive.Nous avons réalisé une mise au point des études publiées pour déterminer les forces et les faiblesses de la gestion des antibiotiques sur la base des cultures de surveillance ETA dans la PAV.Ainsi,l’ETA pourrait être systématiquement réalisée pour prédire de manière fiable les micro-organismes de la PVA.Cependant, nous ne pouvons recommander le recours généralisé à la surveillance de routine de la flore trachéobronchique
In intensive care, the rate of patients with a nosocomial infection reaches 15%.Prevention is a central element in reducing their incidence. Among the methods of prevention, the fight against the carriage of germs at the cutaneous level and the prevention of cross-transmission by the washing of the hands of the personnel are effective methods.Disinfection of the skin with Chlorhexidine is one of the strategie of increasing interest for patients in intensive care.This strategy still requires trials exploring safety, cost-effectiveness and the impact of routine use of wipes.Compliance with hand hygien(HH)remains a limit to infection prevention.We carried out an educational study by simulation in HH and the use of UV cabinets improves technique and compliance with HH opportunities.Concerning the prevention of pulmonary infections, the tracheobronchial bacterial colonization often precedes the occurrence of VAP,and it has been postulated that the microbes present in the tracheal secretions a few days before VAP might be the same as those retrieved in the lower respiratory tract.The realization of regular tracheal aspirations(ETA)would be a preventive method.We have realized this review in the aim to provide an updated overview of the literature available in the field and to attempt to determine the strengths and weaknesses of antibiotic stewardship based on ETA surveillance cultures in VAP.ETA could be routinely performed to reliably predict the microorganisms of VAP.However we can't recommandthe widespread use of routine surveillance of tracheobronchial flora
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Livres sur le sujet "Infections"

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Michael, Glick, dir. Infections, infectious diseases and dentistry. Philadelphia : W.B. Saunders Co., 2003.

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Michael, Glick, dir. Infections, infectious diseases and dentistry. Philadelphia : W.B. Saunders Co., 2003.

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1907-, Gibson John, dir. A dictionary of infections & infectious diseases. New York : Parthenon Pub. Group, 1995.

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E, Bergogne-Bérézin, Joly-Guillou M. L et Towner K. J, dir. Acinetobacter : Microbiology, epidemiology, infections, management. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 1996.

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Reddy, C. A. Veterinary bacteriology : Survey of infections [i.e. infectious] agents. East Lansing : Michigan State University Press, 1987.

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Siemens, Heide H. Infection & infections : Medical subject research analysis with bibliography. Washington, D.C : ABBE Publishers Association, 1985.

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Raza, Aly, et Maibach Howard I, dir. Atlas of infections of the skin. New York : Churchill Livingstone, 1999.

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B, Wilcox Julia, dir. Hospital-acquired infections. New York : Nova Science, 2009.

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B, Wilcox Julia, dir. Hospital-acquired infections. New York : Nova Science, 2009.

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B, Wilcox Julia, dir. Hospital-acquired infections. New York : Nova Science, 2009.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Infections"

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Motaparthi, Kiran. « Infectious Diseases : Bacterial Infections ». Dans Therapy in Pediatric Dermatology, 203–47. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43630-2_14.

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Presterl, Elisabeth, Magda Diab-El Schahawi, Luigi Segagni Lusignani, Helga Paula et Jacqui S. Reilly. « Infections and Infectious Doctrine ». Dans Basic Microbiology and Infection Control for Midwives, 3–15. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02026-2_2.

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Meteroglu, Fatih, et Erkan Akar. « Descending Necrotising Mediastinitis ». Dans Thoracic Infections, 53–63. Istanbul : Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358930.6.

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Mediastinitis is the infection of thoracic cavity occurring in the space between the two mediastinal pleural sheets. There are acute and chronic types of mediastinitis cases. The infection can progress in acute, subacute or chronic phases. Acute mediastinal infections usually occur after cardiac or thoracic surgery, due to esophageal perforations, or infections of the oropharyngeal region. A necrotizing mediastinal infection occurs due to an infection of neck which progressing at superior-inferior planes. Acute mediastinitis cases have high mortality rates and display progressive features.
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Averbuch, Dina. « Bacterial Infections ». Dans The EBMT Handbook, 311–19. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44080-9_36.

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AbstractHCT patients are at risk for severe bacterial infection, the most frequent of them are bloodstream infections (BSI). The majority occur at the pre-engraftment period. Primary BSIs are mainly central line catheter-related (CRBSI) or mucosal barrier injury-associated. Secondary BSI accompanies site-specific infection (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia and BSI). GNB has become an increasingly common cause of BSI, and are associated with high mortality. Specifically, an increase in infections due to resistant GNB, such as ESBL Enterobacterales, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE), MDR GNB, or difficult-to-treat (DTR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, leads to delay in appropriate therapy and increases mortality. Empirical antibiotic therapy should be started immediately when bacterial infection is suspected. It should be based on escalation/de-escalation principles reflecting the patient’s clinical condition, prior colonization or infection with resistant bacteria, and local epidemiology. Main targeted therapy options for severe infections caused by resistant GNB include: carbapenems for ESBL Enterobacterales; meropenem-vaborbactam or ceftazidime-avibactam for KPC-producing Enterobacterales; ceftazidime-avibactam for OXA-48-like-producing Enterobacterales; aztreonam plus ceftazidime–avibactam, or cefiderocol for Metallo-β-lactamases-producing Enterobacterales; ceftolozane-tazobactam for DTR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Routine combination therapy of β-lactams with aminoglycosides/fluoroquinolone (FQ)/polymyxins for infection due to MDR GNB susceptible to β-lactam is not recommended (with a possible exception of a severe infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in neutropenic patients). High-dose prolonged β-lactam infusion can maximize efficacy. Source control with CVC removal is important. Antibiotic treatment should be continued for at least 7 days until the infection is microbiologically eradicated and all clinical signs resolved, with the patient afebrile for at least 4 days. Antimicrobial stewardship aims to individualize an empirical approach to patients with suspected infection, limiting unnecessary antibiotic use, and optimizing treatment based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles. Infection control is crucial to limit the spread of MDR pathogens. Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis is controversial. Encapsulated bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae) cause infection during the late post-engraftment period. Preventive measures include oral prophylaxis, IVIg, and vaccinations.
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Motaparthi, Kiran. « Infectious Diseases : Superficial Fungal Infections ». Dans Therapy in Pediatric Dermatology, 253–68. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43630-2_16.

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Motaparthi, Kiran. « Infectious Diseases : Deep Fungal Infections ». Dans Therapy in Pediatric Dermatology, 269–83. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43630-2_17.

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Du, Xiaodan, Shuang Ding, Jian Wang, Chunhui Jiang, Jun Liu, Ling Wu, Hanqiu Liu, Weiwei Wang, Dan Zhang et Jun Lu. « Entomophila Infection-Related Intracranial Infections ». Dans Radiology of Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases - Volume 1, 75–94. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0039-8_8.

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de Vries, Linda S., et Sylke J. Steggerda. « Viral Infections ». Dans Neonatal Brain Injury, 185–201. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55972-3_12.

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AbstractViral infections may occur during pregnancy, when the brain is developing, during birth, or within the first days to weeks after birth. This chapter describes the clinical and neuroimaging features of the most common congenital and postnatally acquired viral infections that can affect the fetal and neonatal brain. Cytomegalovirus is the most common congenital infection and can be associated with hearing loss and malformations of cortical development when occurring in the first trimester. Toxoplasmosis, a protozoan parasite, can lead to antenatal hydrocephalus. Postnatal infections are especially likely to affect the white matter, with a very similar pattern of injury for enterovirus, parechovirus, and rotavirus. The prognosis depends on the time of onset for the congenital infections and on the gestational age for the postnatal infections.
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Yilmaz, Umitcan. « Labyrinthitis ». Dans Infections in Otolaryngology, 23–36. Istanbul : Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359401.3.

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Labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the part of the inner ear called the labyrinth and is usually caused by viral or bacterial infections. This condition affects balance and hearing functions, causing symptoms such as dizziness, imbalance, hearing loss and tinnitus. The infection can develop following upper respiratory tract infections such as colds, flu or middle ear infections. In the treatment of labyrinthitis, medications are used to relieve symptoms and antiviral or antibiotic therapy may be administered depending on the cause of the infection. Most patients recover within a few weeks with appropriate treatment, but some cases may have permanent balance problems or hearing loss.
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You, Yongxiao, Lulu Liu, Shui Wang, Jian Wang, Xingbo Liu, Yanling Zhou, Kang Li et al. « AIDS-Related Intracranial Infections (Blood-Borne Infection-Associated Intracranial Infections) ». Dans Radiology of Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases - Volume 1, 107–29. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0039-8_10.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Infections"

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Felifel, Nada, et Rehab Amin. « Photosensitization : an alternative approach to control infections ». Dans Photonic Diagnosis, Monitoring, Prevention, and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases 2025, sous la direction de Tianhong Dai, Mei X. Wu et Jürgen Popp, 24. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3037387.

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Gromov, Igor N., Dmitry N. Safonov, Vera A. Levkina et Angelina S. Senchenkova. « The role of histological examination in the diagnosis of avian viral respiratory and intestinal diseases ». Dans Agro-industrial complex : problems and prospects of development, 10–16. Far Eastern State Agrarian University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.22450/978-5-9642-0629-3-10-16.

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The article examines pathognomonic histological changes in the most common viral diseases of birds that occur with primary damage to the respiratory and digestive systems: infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis, metapneumovirus infection; adenovirus, rotavirus and reovirus infections; transmissible (viral) proventriculitis.
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Mitkovskaya, O. A. « Hepatitis and allergic process – immune interaction ». Dans General question of world science. НИЦ "LJournal", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gqws-10-2023-04.

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Studies of the interaction effect in patients with infectious hepatitis, other infections with subsequent development of allergic inflammation (allergic nosological entities, atopic form of bronchial asthma) were going for several years. In clinical and epidemiological studies, two types of the effect of infection on immunity were studied: inhibition of the development of allergic diseases or enhancement of the mechanism of allergy progression. An inverse correlation was revealed between bacterial infections and atopic mechanisms of development of allergic diseases and bronchial asthma
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Avramenko, Polina Evgenievna, Ksenia Alexandrovna Bocharova et Alina Markovna Strelkova. « PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS. MICROBIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT ». Dans Themed collection of papers from Foreign international scientific conference «Joint innovation - joint development». Part 2. by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with PS of UA. October 2023. - Harbin (China). Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/231024.2023.22.28.066.

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Despite the achievements in the field of asepsis, antiseptics and disinfection, cases of concomitant infectious diseases still occur among those treated in the hospital. These diseases are called "nosocomial", or nosocomial. All the time there is a search for new methods to combat hospital infections, as they can aggravate the path of patients to recovery and in special cases can cause irreparable harm to health and even lead to death. Hospital infections cover both therapeutic and surgical departments, and the ways of infection and the mechanisms of development in the body are diverse. One of these diseases is pseudomembranous ulcerative colitis caused by the microorganism Clostridium Difficile.
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Agletdinov, Eduard, Marina Kandrushina, Irina Kuvshinova, Boris Nekrasov et Sergey Samsonov. « Laboratory support of vaccine-preventable infections : Unsolved and/or unsolvable problems of vaccinology ». Dans Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges, 71. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24026a.

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced humanity to rethink global threats to biological safety and develop effective anti-epidemic measures. The medical community is once again turning its attention to methods of specific immunological prevention of infectious diseases as accessible and effective measures to prevent infection and/or the development of severe forms of the disease. Methods and Objectives: To assess humoral immunity to some vaccine-preventable infections the content of antibodies in the blood serum to pathogens of infectious diseases (measles, rubella, tick-borne encephalitis, parotitis, VZV, hepatitis A, hepatitis B) was determined by the enzyme immu-noassay method using reagent kits manufactured by Vector-Best in accordance with the instructions for use. Objective of the study: donors (n=521), Vector-Best employees (n=710), and healthcare workers (n=1875). Results: The results of the assessment of population immunity to pathogens of some vaccine-preventable infections indicate different levels of seroprevalence to various pathogens, as well as depending on professional affiliation and place of work. For example, antibodies to the measles virus were not detected in 46% of donors, 24% of employees of a non-medical organization, and only in 5% of healthcare workers of an infection hospital. The proportion of people not protected from the rubella pathogen ranges from 2 to 15.5%. A low level of tick-borne encephalitis virus seroprevalence was revealed in the endemic region (58.4%). Significant individual differences in the duration of circulation of antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus after vaccination have been demonstrated. In 7 people, the phenomenon of immune amnesia was discovered in relation to the pathogens of rubella, mumps and tick-borne encephalitis after suffering from measles. Conclusions: The obtained results must be considered when organizing preventive vaccination measures to predict and prevent infectious diseases, vaccine and immune certification of the population.
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Akzholtoeva, Aizharkyn A., Gulmira A. Dzhumalieva, Anna V. Lubimova, Gulzat Zhanadilovna Zhanadilova et Davranbek kyzy Meerim. « Assessment of the state of infection control in medical and preventive organizations in Osh region ». Dans Innovations in Medical Science and Education. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsms.iauj7163.

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This article presents the results on the state of infection control in medical and preventive organizations in the Osh region. Report on the incidence of infections associated with medical care and infections in the field of surgical interventions of 2021 years. The research was conducted in 8 medical and preventive organizations in the districts of Osh region and in the city of Osh using the "Scorecard of infection control in healthcare organizations" including 64 criteria (sanitary and hygienic requirements, safety of medical procedures, compliance with disinfection, sterilization of surgical instruments and materials, administrative measures etc.), for the prevention of infections associated with the provision of medical care and infection in the field of surgical interventions. The assessment of the state of infection control was carried out by calculating the numerical expression of the percentage between the existing fulfillment of infection control requirements according to the data on the registration of the incidence. During the assessment, the main sanitary and hygienic directions for the prevention of diseases of infections associated with the provision of medical care and infections in the field of surgical interventions were identified.
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Sijamhodžič, Aida, et Alenka Žvikart. « EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE OF SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS AS A LEADING INDICATOR OF THE QUALITY OF POST-SURGICAL CARE FOR CHILDREN ». Dans 14. kongres zdravstvene in babiške nege Slovenije,11. in 12. maj 2023, Kongresni center Brdo, Brdo pri Kranju. Zbornica zdravstvene in babiške nege Slovenije - Zveza strokovnih društev medicinskih sester, babic in zdravstvenih tehnikov Slovenije, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14528/asae9754.18.

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Introduction: The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) ranks surgical wound infection among the most common hospital infections, which, as a result, can prolong the hospitalization time, requires additional surgical interventions, treatments and intensive therapy, or even increases mortality. Implementation of epidemiological monitoring reduces the incidence rate of surgical wound infections, and monitoring the incidence rate enables assessment of the quality of medical care. After increasing importance of verification levels of quality of medical care, the University Clinical Centre Department of Paediatric Surgery decided for the project of systematic prospective monitoring of surgical wound infections in children. Methods: A quantitative research method was used with a prospective and retrospective data analysis for certain interventions. The research project was divided into several phases. The research sample included children at the Department of Paediatric Surgery for planned and emergency surgical interventions. The children were monitored for 30 days after the intervention (in the case of an implant for 90 days). The goal of the research was to establish clinical practice of monitoring surgical wound infections in children, and the introduction of appropriate preventive measures for reducing the incidence of surgical wound infections. Results: In two months, 74 surgical interventions were analysed. Analyse showed a 4.05 % incidence of surgical wound infection. In all cases it was superficial incisional surgical wound infection. Discussion: Prevention of surgical wound infections is becoming an important part of the national health strategies in many developed countries. Expert knowledge teaches us, that a significant part of healthcare-related infections can be prevented, often by following simple rules. With the project of prospective monitoring of surgical wound infection, we first of all want to define the incidence of surgical wound infection after various surgical interventions in children, to recognize risk factors for the occurrence of surgical wound infection and introduce appropriate preventive measures to reduce the incidence of surgical wound infection.
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Chowdhury, Avi Roy, Jayendran Venkateswaran et Om Damani. « HIERARCHICAL HYBRID SIMULATION MODELING OF BACTERIAL DISEASE INFECTION ». Dans 12th Simulation Workshop. The Operational Research Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36819/sw25.024.

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Modeling complex global health systems, such as infectious disease dynamics, requires balancing detail with abstraction. A hybrid simulation approach combining System Dynamics (SD) and Agent Based Modeling (ABM) to study bacterial infection spread at both individual and population levels is presented. SD model captures within-host dynamics, focusing on bacterial growth, immune responses, and antibiotic treatment. ABM introduces individual variability and interactions, enabling simulation of infection spread among a population of agents. This integrated framework connects within-host and population-level dynamics, providing a foundation for adding layers of complexity. By simulating different scenarios, the model offers insights into infection dynamics and strategies for managing bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance at the community level.
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Thomas, Swapna, Maria K. Smatti, Muna A. Al Maslamani et Hadi Mohamad Yassine. « Influenza Prevalence and Vaccine Efficacy in Diabetic Patients in Qatar ». Dans Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0112.

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Introduction: Diabetes (DM) is often recognized as ‎an independent risk factor for developing severe respiratory tract infections. Influenza infections are associated with higher hospitalization, morbidity and mortality in DM patients. Vaccination against Influenza virus would reduce the burden of flu infection in DM patients. Aim: To assess the prevalence and burden of influenza infection in DM patients in Qatar and to evaluate the efficacy of influenza vaccination in DM patients Methods: The study included 26,989 patients between 2016- 2018. Virology test results (20 pathogens) as well as the levels of HbA1c were collected for all participant. Data was filtered and analysed to explore the influenza prevalence and vaccine efficiacy among diabetis patients in comparision to non-diabetic. Findings: This study shows that DM patients are at higher-risk for influenza infection. In general, Influenza infections covers around 50 % of total respiratory infections in patients with flu like symptoms in Qatar. However, in vaccinated DM patients, influenza test positivity was low. This study reports the efficacy of routine flu vaccination to reduce the burden of influenza infection in DM patients.
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Basyakova, O. S., et N. E. Porada. « ANALYSIS OF THE LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF THE EPIDEMIC PROCESS OF AEROSOL INFECTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS ». Dans SAKHAROV READINGS 2021 : ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-232-235.

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Infectious diseases have ceased to determine the epidemiological situation in the republic, but they still remain an important problem. Aerosol infections account for about 95% of the infectious diseases registered annually in the republic. Among them there are such nosological forms as pertussis, meningococcosis, morbilli, rubella [2] which are more common in the childhood and even with a low incidence rate represent an important medical and social problem. The wide spread of aerosol infections and the ease of their acquisition require constant epidemiological surveillance and control, and, therefore, respiratory tract infections remain a major public health problem and do not lose their relevance. In the paper there have been analyzed the long-term dynamics of the morbidity of the population of the Republic of Belarus with aerosol infections, controlled, partially controlled and uncontrolled by means of immunoprophylaxis, in the period from 1995 to 2019 yrs. There have been determined the territorial features of the infectious epidemic process appearance with the use of GIS technologies.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Infections"

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Chejanovsky, Nor, Diana Cox-Foster, Victoria Soroker et Ron Ophir. Honeybee modulation of infection with the Israeli acute paralysis virus, in asymptomatic, acutely infected and CCD colonies. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594392.bard.

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Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses pose a severe risk to the food chain. The IAPV (Israeli acute paralysis virus) was correlated with CCD, a particular case of colony collapse. Honey bees severely infected with IAPV show shivering wings that progress to paralysis and subsequent death. Bee viruses, including IAPV, are widely present in honey bee colonies but often there are no pathological symptoms. Infestation of the beehive with Varroa mites or exposure to stress factors leads to significant increase in viral titers and fatal infections. We hypothesized that the honey bee is regulating/controlling IAPV and viral infections in asymptomatic infections and this control is broken through "stress" leading to acute infections and/or CCD. Our aims were: 1. To discover genetic changes in IAPV that may affect tissue tropism in the host, and/or virus infectivity and pathogenicity. 2. To elucidate mechanisms used by the host to regulate/ manage the IAPV-infection in vivo and in vitro. To achieve the above objectives we first studied stress-induced virus activation. Our data indicated that some pesticides, including myclobutanil, chlorothalonil and fluvalinate, result in amplified viral titers when bees are exposed at sub lethal levels by a single feeding. Analysis of the level of immune-related bee genes indicated that CCD-colonies exhibit altered and weaker immune responses than healthy colonies. Given the important role of viral RNA interference (RNAi) in combating viral infections we investigated if CCD-colonies were able to elicit this particular antiviral response. Deep-sequencing analysis of samples from CCD-colonies from US and Israel revealed high frequency of small interfering RNAs (siRNA) perfectly matching IAPV, Kashmir bee virus and Deformed wing virus genomes. Israeli colonies showed high titers of IAPV and a conserved RNAi pattern of targeting the viral genome .Our findings were further supported by analysis of samples from colonies experimentally infected with IAPV. Following for the first time the dynamics of IAPV infection in a group of CCD colonies that we rescued from collapse, we found that IAPV conserves its potential to act as one lethal, infectious factor and that its continuous replication in CCD colonies deeply affects their health and survival. Ours is the first report on the dominant role of IAPV in CCD-colonies outside from the US under natural conditions. We concluded that CCD-colonies do exhibit a regular siRNA response that is specific against predominant viruses associated with colony losses and other immune pathways may account for their weak immune response towards virus infection. Our findings: 1. Reveal that preventive measures should be taken by the beekeepers to avoid insecticide-based stress induction of viral infections as well as to manage CCD colonies as a source of highly infectious viruses such as IAPV. 2. Contribute to identify honey bee mechanisms involved in managing viral infections.
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Zheng, Ruo-xiang, Xun Li, Jing Li, Zhen-wei Liu, Feng Jiang, Nicola Robinson et Jian-ping Liu. Does Chinese herbal remedy Tangcao tablet work for the treatment of HIV/AIDS：a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0042.

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Review question / Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tangcao tablet (Tangcao) for treating people with HIV/AIDS. Condition being studied: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic infectious disease characterized by severe immunodeficiency caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The infection attacks specifically the white blood cells, CD4+T (CD4) cells, weakening the immunity of individuals against infections such as tuberculosis. Without treatment, patients with AIDS may survive up to 2 years. Pneumocystis pneumonia and infections of the central nervous system are two of the most common causes of death in people with AIDS. AIDS still remains a significant global public health problem, with an estimated 37.7 million people infected with HIV at the end of 2020.
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Knobler, Stacey L. Forum on Emerging Infections. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mars 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada401424.

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Richardson, Riina, Alanah Proctor et Rowena Mills. Fungal infections of the urinary tract and factors predisposing to these infections. BJUI Knowledge, novembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0580.

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Boronina, Liubov. Electronic course in bacteriology. Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уральский государственный медицинский университет" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, décembre 2024. https://doi.org/10.12731/er0865.12122024.

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Microbiological diagnosis of the etiology of infections is part of the diagnosis of infectious diseases. The elective course presents lectures, methodological manuals, practical aspects of the detection of microorganisms that cause actual human infections, the detection of which with pathological material causes difficulties due to the peculiarities of the biological properties of pathogens.
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Pottinger-Glass, Chloe, Uttam Ghimire, Sabin Dotel, Anu Rai, Ridhi Saluja, Minh Tran, Jonathan M. H. Green et Karina Barquet. Exploring the potential of urban nature-based solutions to address infectious disease : a case study in Bharatpur, Nepal. Stockholm Environment Institute, février 2025. https://doi.org/10.51414/sei2025.011.

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Given knowledge gaps on nature-based solutions (NBS), infectious disease and urbanization, researchers sought to investigate the drivers of infectious disease in a developing city context, the differentiated hazards faced by different groups such as Indigenous and peri-urban communities, and the potential of NBS to reduce hazards while providing ecological and social co-benefits. Key messages In Bharatpur, Nepal, the project survey found one in five households had been affected in the past five years by the mosquito-borne disease dengue fever (18.4%). Skin infections were the second most reported infectious disease, affecting 11.5% of households. Proximity to garbage disposal sites was found to be associated with incidence of both dengue and skin infections, and lack of adequate sanitation and clean water is a hypothesized driver for skin infections. Nature-based solutions (NBS) have potential to reduce hazard from infectious disease through filtering water, mitigating flooding and reducing urban temperatures. Local actors participating in project workshops were particularly interested in applying green streets and rainwater harvesting in Bharatpur. Strengthening solid waste management is recommended as a priority action to reduce hazard from dengue, by increasing collection frequency and ensuring city-wide provision of municipal collection services. Improving piped water supply to peri-urban areas is recommended as a priority action to improve hygiene, reduce skin infections and address critical health inequities among vulnerable populations. The study emphasizes that to improve public health outcomes from infectious disease, NBS cannot substitute for basic urban infrastructure and services.
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Nayar, Gayathri, et Susan Kim Jacobson. Urogenital infections and treatment options. BJUI Knowledge, novembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0539.

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Sánchez-Páez, David A. Effects of income inequality on COVID-19 infections and deaths during the first wave of the pandemic : Evidence from European countries. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, août 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2022.res1.1.

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Evidence from research on infectious diseases suggests that income inequality is related to higher rates of infection and death in disadvantaged population groups. Our objective is to examine whether there was an association between income inequality and the numbers of cases and deaths during the first wave of the COVID- 19 pandemic in European countries. We determined the duration of the first wave by first smoothing the number of daily cases, and then using a LOESS regression to fit the smoothed trend. Next, we estimated quasi-Poisson regressions. Results from the bivariate models suggest there was a moderate positive association between the Gini index values and the cumulated number of infections and deaths during the first wave, although the statistical significance of this association disappeared when controls were included. Results from multivariate models suggest that higher numbers of infections and deaths from COVID-19 were associated with countries having more essential workers, larger elderly populations and lower health care capacities.
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Tew, Gregory, Meagan Corrigan, Dahui Liu et Richard Scott. Biomimetics for Treating Biofilm-Embedded Infections. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, décembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada581334.

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Ennis, Francis A. Human Immune Response to Dengue Infections. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, juillet 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada234922.

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