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1
Aljamal, Ali Darwish. « Institutional alternatives to resolve water and natural resource problems in Sierra Vista subwatershed ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288974.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area was designated by Congress in 1988 to preserve and enhance riparian resources of the perennial reach of the San Pedro River. The perennial flow is due to geological restrictions forcing groundwater to discharge to the stream. The Sierra Vista area lies above this perennial reach and fully depends on groundwater for its water needs. Consequent excessive pumping has resulted in a regional cone of depression and capture of streamflow water by groundwater wells. As a result, the streamflow has diminished by 50 to 66 percent, compared to pre-development conditions. In addition, the groundwater table within the floodplain alluvium has declined below the root zones of native species and is affecting the health of the riparian ecosystem. Studies have confirmed that continued groundwater overdraft in the area constitutes a long-term threat to the maintenance of the perennial flow and its riparian ecosystem. The effects now being felt by the river are the consequences of pumping years ago, because transit times in the regional aquifer are slow, averaging 23 feet per year. This study uses an institutional analysis and design framework to identify water and natural resources problems in the area, analyze the existing institutions and attribute problems to institutional deficiencies, and design three institutional alternatives to resolve these problems. The four problems identified in the area are depletion, externality, underinvestment, and maldistribution. The first alternative, which requires the least institutional change, is modeled after a newly-proposed Watershed Management Initiative and includes designating the area as Irrigation Non-expansion Area. The second alternative is a regulatory approach based upon establishing an Active Management Area similar to the Santa Cruz AMA. The third is a market approach based on sweeping statutory changes to recognize the hydraulic connection between ground and surface water to and enable the adoption of a conjunctive management strategy to protect the perennial flow and the sustained groundwater yield in the area. Only the conjunctive management strategy offers a long term solution to the area's problems. It is consistent with protecting public values in water and produces the maximum net benefits to all concerned.
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Gillilan, David M. 1960. « Institutional alternatives for managing water resources in the upper San Pedro River basin, Arizona ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192066.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The thesis is designed to assist residents of the Upper San Pedro River Basin, Arizona, in their investigation of alternative water management institutions. The concept of institutions as rules used by communities to manage resources is used to describe several alternatives for managing water resources and then evaluate the alternatives with respect to the needs of basin residents. Alternatives include the Upper San Pedro status quo, Arizona's Active Management Areas, the Phoenix Groundwater Replenishment District, the Tucson Active Management Area Water Augmentation Authority, the Orange County Water District, the Kern County Water Agency, and instream flow protection institutions in several western states. None of the alternatives is found to be entirely appropriate for the Upper San Pedro basin, though features of all of them may be of interest to basin residents.
3
Yeung, Bik-fung Sarah, et 楊碧鳳. « Alternative institutional designs for family service provision ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966378.
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Yeung, Bik-fung Sarah. « Alternative institutional designs for family service provision ». Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22188770.
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Heuberger, Sarah. « Wolfgang Tillmans : Konstnärlig utställningspraktik mellan tradition och alternativ ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131400.
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The thesis catches up a phenomenon in contemporary exhibition practice: the presentation of art beyond traditional platforms such as museums and galeries. It is the Berlin based nightclub Berghain that in this case study is object for an analysis of an alternative art space. The two photographies Ostgut Freischwimmer rechts and Ostgut Freischwimmer links of the german artist Wolfgang Tillmans were to be seen there after being sold to art museums in Switzerland exhibited together with other works of the collection at Fondation Beyeler. The comparison of the club as the new and alternative and the museum as the traditional and institutional is the specific concern of the work: on which institutional structures is the staging of art based on and how can they be altered and contrasted by means of place and exhibition features. The meaning of art is determined by its physical setting and the institutional and ideological constituencies that are lying behind it. This interconnection is examined by terms of Henri Lefebvre social space and Arthur C. Danto and George Dickie. Contextualisation, categorisation and the creation of an aura of theory as well as established roles and hirarchies determine the institutionalized artwold and are reverted in the attempt to create an alternative space. The creation of the new is based on its differentiation from the traditional and is therefore to be seen as a concept, a repetition of structures that is filled with new contents. In his function of curator to both of the exhibitions, Wolfgang Tillmans extends his artistical practice over the medium of photography - by this way, the pictures meaning is transcending its visuality and interacts with the space, communicating different values in different situations. The comparison of the the two exhibition sites shows: silence is replaced by sound, contemplation is replaced by movement, history and context by nowness and momentarity. But still is the exhibition of art is bound to structures. The question therefore should not concentrate on finding an alternative beyond institutional structures, but on which kind of institution it could be that expresses the intended meaning of an art work. By this terms, the argument can be traced back to Wolfgang Tillmans himself and both his personal, artistic and curatorial world view: imagining an anti-hirarchical culture in which no one is to claim the truth further than in its own immediate moment of experiencing it
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Munoobhai, Sharika. « Alternative execution strategies to overcoming institutional voids and institutional distance in BoP markets ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45034.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Emerging markets are a great point of interest to multinational companies seeking to exploit
new opportunities as they realise that catering to the rich domestic markets limits their
opportunities, their potential and competitive advantage. Serving the consumers that are at
the bottom of the economic pyramid (BoP) presents enormous opportunity but it also comes
with its unique set of challenges. These challenges require an alternative business strategy,
as companies entering these markets must develop new offerings designed to meet the
specific requirements of servicing the BoP consumer. This report seeks to explore why
companies operating in South Africa are entering the lower income markets, and will
describe the challenges encountered both internally and externally, when operating in these
markets. Ten interviews at six multinational companies based in South Africa were
conducted to test the research propositions derived from the literature. The results
concluded that companies enter the BoP markets in pursuit of growth. A variety of
secondary factors also emerged. The data revealed that these companies have created
innovative alternative execution strategies to overcome the challenges encountered in this
market. The report offered a descriptive model of why companies enter the BoP market, and
highlights how the challenges presented by the institutional voids and institutional distance
were overcome.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lmgibs2015
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
Unrestricted
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Schapiro, Mario Gomes. « Novos parâmetros para a intervenção do Estado na economia : persistência e dinâmica da atuação do BNDES em uma economia baseada no conhecimento ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-19022010-152023/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O objetivo desta tese é analisar os novos caminhos da intervenção direta do Estado na economia, notadamente no ambiente financeiro nacional, em que prevalece a atuação de um banco público de desenvolvimento - O BNDES. O trabalho parte do pressuposto de que há uma variedade de alternativas institucionais de organização financeira, que refletem as trajetórias históricas dos países. É por esta razão que se pode identificar, por exemplo, diferenças entre o modelo norte-americano e o modelo nipo-germanico: enquanto o primeiro é baseado nas operações do mercado de capitais, o segundo conta com os investidores institucionais e com os bancos. A partir daí, pode-se igualmente reconhecer que a alternativa institucional constitutiva do sistema financeiro nacional conta com os agentes estatais: os seus principais atores financeiros. Destes todos, o BNDES é o exemplo mais significativo. Diante disso, uma vez caracterizado que a intervenção direta do Estado, também chamada no trabalho de regulação institucional, é o elemento característico do modelo brasileiro de desenvolvimento, a tese procurar mostrar que esta ação pública tem sofrido alterações, em um contexto recente. Em razão de um novo paradigma econômico, a economia baseada no conhecimento, pode-se reconhecer modificações na forma de atuação do agente estatal. Um estudo de caso revela que não só o financiamento das inovações passou a assumir um caráter relevante na agenda do BNDES, como, principalmente, esta atividade esteve associada a uma nova racionalidade de intervenção. Diante da nova economia, o Banco atua em convergência com os demais agentes financeiros e com isso assume um papel de indutor tanto das empresas emergentes, como do próprio de mercado de capital de risco. Esta constatação aponta para dois atributos que compõem, então, esta nova rodada da regulação direta da economia: a persistência e a dinâmica. A persistência porque apesar das modificações advin advindas de uma economia baseada no conhecimento, o Estado e, em especial o BNDES, continua a desempenhar um papel chave no financiamento do desenvolvimento brasileiro, particularmente em áreas não consolidadas e portadoras de futuro, como, ora, são as inovações. A dinâmica porque esta prevalência do agente estatal no financiamento corporativo assenta-se em novas ferramentas e assume uma distinta racionalidade, compatível com uma economia privatizada e aberta à concorrência internacional. É, pois, disso que trata esta tese: da regulação institucional de um banco de desenvolvimento em uma economia baseada no conhecimento.The objective of this dissertation is to examine the new ways of direct State intervention in the economy, especially in the domestic financial environment, which has a prevailing public bank for development - the BNDES. The work is based on the assumption that there are a variety of alternatives to institutional financial organization, which reflect the historical trajectories of the countries. It is for this reason that we can identify, for example, differences between the U.S. model and the Japanese-German model: while the former is based on the operations of the capital market, the latter deals with institutional investors and the banks. Hence, we can also recognize that the alternative institutional constituent of the national financial system takes into account state agents, their main financial players. Of them all, the BNDES is the most significant example. Thus, once established the direct intervention of the state, also called institutional regulation, as the main feature of the Brazilian model of development, the dissertation examines the changes it recently underwent. Because of a new economic paradigm, the knowledge based economy, there have been changes in the way state acts in economy. A case study shows that not only that the financing of innovation has become paramount within the BNDES agenda, but also this activity has been associated with a new rationale for intervention. Facing this new economy, the Bank operates in convergence with other financial agents, thus taking a role in inducing both emerging companies and venture capital. This finding points to two attributes that make up, thus, this new stage of direct regulation of the economy: persistence and dynamics. Persistence because despite changes resulting from a knowledge based economy, the state and, in particular the BNDES, continues to play a key role in the financing of Brazilian development, particularly in non¬consolidated and future bearing areas, as innovations. Dynamics, because the prevalence of the state agent in corporate finance is based on new tools and takes a different rationale, consistent with a privatized economy, open to international competition. That is, therefore, with the core issue of the present dissertation: the institutional regulation of a development bank within a knowledge-based economy.
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Chaddha, Shane. « An inquiry for an alternative institutional arrangement to govern outer space ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-inquiry-for-an-alternative-institutional-arrangement-to-govern-outer-space(00ce5447-e012-45d5-a264-5fbab381c2fd).html.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The uncontrolled growth of the space debris population is an environmental challenge. The several major debris-generating events at the beginning of the 21st Century suggests that the existing space governance regime encourages self-interested, rational state and non-state space actors to freely access and make use of the extraterrestrial commons without credible restraint, and lacks the robustness to hold these entities directly accountable and liable for their polluting activities. Such non-discriminatory right encourages these users to act and behave individualistically when utilising outer space, and make irresponsible choices like decisions to carry out debris-creating activities. These events also show that actors are tied together in a lattice of interdependence so long as they continue to share the space environment. An irresponsible operator who carries out an unsafe, risky activity increases the environmental costs shared by all members, both current and future users. The debris problem is an externality produced by human activities in space which can over time create a type of social dilemma called the ‘Tragedy of the Commons’ - a situation involving the environmental degradation and possible ruin of a shared resource. Many conferences have emphasised the seriousness of space congestion, and technological efforts have been adopted to reduce environmental degradation. However, while they are practical in the short and medium term, these measures lack the capacity to offer long-term solutions to deal with the problem. Often overlooked is a scrutiny on the adequacy of the existing space governance regime to preserve the space environment and control the debris population. The focus has been on exploration and exploitation and less on actively regulating the actions and behaviours of space actors when appropriating the resource, and restraining those strategic choices users would take in given situations. This thesis considers the shortcomings of the current outer space regulatory regime and proposes alternative space governance arrangements. It uses insights from the works of two property-rights theorists: Garrett Hardin and Elinor Ostrom – who developed the most widely used institutional designs to manage terrestrial and small-scale common-pool resources. They argue that resource users cannot efficiently coordinate collective action to deal with social dilemmas because of its institutional arrangement, and that such regime must be redesigned. However, their policy prescriptions are competing. Hardin states that the commons should be either privatised or managed by an external authority. Ostrom, on the other hand, argues that community-based governance can be successful when certain conditions are satisfied. From their respective works, this thesis constructs theoretical frameworks to determine if either Hardin’s or Ostrom’s prescriptions can be so crafted to provide an alternative space governance regime, and address the space debris problem. If the proposed institutional arrangement is appropriate and viable to govern outer space, it offers considerations on what further must be done to ensure its robustness to effectively regulate access and oversee the use of the space environment; restrain actors from carrying out potentially harmful activities; and organise actors to resolve collective action problems.
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Payne, Dexter C. « Overcoming ineffective institutions alternative approaches to international fisheries conservation / ». Related electronic resource : Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Spell, Chester Stanley. « Institutional and alternative perspectives on the adoption of workplace drug testing programs ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29901.
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Szeto, Sing Ying Elson. « Searching for an alternative vision of design education : institutional understandings, meanings and views ». Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490665.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study has been an explorative research journey in search of an alternative vision to contest the institutional view of Hong Kong design education at the tertiary level. I am interested in broadening understanding by investigating the meanings and views of design to enrich design education. The journey began with two disconnected events. First, hearsay comments made by local industry and the design community challenged the outcomes of design education of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) in 2001. The immediate question was: what was PolyU design education and the implication of the comment to its future development? The second event was that the PolyU set up the Design Task Force (DTF) Committee for the investigation into its design education to produce a thorough review to guide its future development in 2002. I anticipated that knowing the Committee's recommendations would shed new light on the understanding and meanings of design education. I have briefly examined design education at the PolyU and the setup of the DTF Committee. The two events seemed to be connected to a new vision of design education. Therefore, I set the study into three phases along the journey. An evolving qualitative research methodology was adopted with the utilisation of grounded theory as the research method. Three tranche of data were collected by means of institutional documents, ethnographical participation, interviews and 'talking to scholars' (literature review). I focused on exploring new meanings of design education with the data. In Phase I of the study, what really interested me was that I did not take a reflexive turn on my experience in design education after graduation. I explored the historical trajectory of government-funded design education in relation to the development of educational policies and the changing needs of industry. Design education was initially conceived as vocational training with the end of supplying manpower to industry under a clear notion of economic development. There were historical needs for adopting a narrow focus of vocational training. However, the institutional understanding of design education did not change during the rapid economic growth of Hong Kong from the 1980s to the mid-1990s. My experience in design was then shaped within the boundary of an economic end while it gained its impressive reputation with a timely supply of needed design manpower. As a consequence, I anticipated that the Committee's recommendations would broaden the understanding by introducing more options for PolyU design education in Phase II. When I conducted an overt ethnographic participatory study in the PolyU, the Committee's recommendations were not as I had anticipated. The outcomes of the study did not answer the research questions. I realised the need for collecting another tranche of data to contest the Committee's recommendations and to shape an alternative vision of design education. By completing Phase III of the study, the alternative vision has illuminated a comprehensive form of design education by conceptualising the meanings of informants and scholars of design education in broader contexts. I discover that the ontology of design is grounded in the natural, artificial and social worlds and materialised in the multiple contexts of making, planning and thinking. Therefore, design education should grasp the salient knowledge of these multiple worlds and their contexts as its body of knowledge for nurturing new design generations. Finally, a theory unexpectedly emerges to shed light on the socially interpreted nature of design education, which is fragile, unstable and changeable. This emerging theory can explicate why design education is subject to non-stop reshaping and reinterpretation. I come to term it the theory of social interpretation of design education.
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Chitiyo, Plaxedes. « Assessing policy and institutional change's influence on alternative agriculture in Zimbabwe since 1980 ». OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/944.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ABSTRACT: Policy makers and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Zimbabwe are advocating for alternative agriculture as a better form of agriculture compared to conventional agriculture in order to increase agricultural productivity, as well as address challenges such as climate change, erratic rainfall patterns, and environmental degradation. The country is now a net importer of food with many people in need of food aid. Conventional agriculture as well as policies supporting it has not been able to address these challenges. Although there is a growing interest in alternative agriculture in the country, it is a field that is under researched. This study therefore sought through three main objectives to clarify characteristics of alternative agriculture in Zimbabwe, determine the role of NGOs promoting it and assess whether pro-conventional agriculture policies have impacted development of alternative agriculture in the country.Results from the first study indicate that there is lack of respect for alternative agriculture as compared to conventional agriculture. Disrespect for alternative agriculture has resulted in lack of proper pricing and policy support for alternatively produced products. In addition, alternative agriculture is viewed as the farming for the future for it results in many benefits and is able to address challenges faced by farmers in Zimbabwe due to its holistic approach. It is also viewed as an old form of agriculture practiced before the introduction of Green Revolution technologies. Since alternative agriculture is an ambiguous term and is under researched in Zimbabwe this study clarified what it means within the Zimbabwean context. Results from the second study show that NGOs are using certified organic agriculture, a form of alternative agriculture to facilitate community development. They are targeting poor vulnerable communities and facilitate training in organic farming, research, market linkages, create awareness, advocate for policy change and provide social support to these communities. However, it is clear from the study that there is need for government and other stakeholders to partner with NGOs so as to further develop certified organic agriculture in the Zimbabwe.The third study indicates that pro-conventional agriculture policies resulted in lack of respect for certified organic farming which leads to lack of organic policy. It is evident from the study that there is long term disregard for alternative agriculture with most policies supporting conventional agriculture development. Poor governance and land reform policy have further undermined the development of certified organic agriculture. These factors have prevented Zimbabwe from addressing real problems of declining food production, climate change, land degradation and loss of biodiversity through sustainable forms of agriculture such as certified organic agriculture.
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Grafsky, Ann. « Branch alternatives model ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1635.
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Lekander, Jon. « Institutional Real Investments : Real Estate in a Multi-Asset Portfolio ». Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-196536.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze real estate investments from the vantage point of an institutional multi asset investor perspective, both in terms of the potential benefits real estate can bring as well as the challenges it can pose. The thesis consists of six papers and approaches the research question from three distinct perspectives. The quantitative papers consists of paper 1 and 5. Paper 1 analyses the portfolio characteristics of domestic and international real estate in a mean variance framework over seven investor domiciles. It is found that the optimal allocation to real estate is in the range of 15-25 percent depending on domicile of the investor. The fifth paper expands the analysis in paper one by expanding the data. Furthermore, the analysis is extended to investigate how the structure of the real estate portfolio can support a diversification objectives best. Papers 2, 3 and 4 are the market related papers. Paper 2 compares the suggested allocation weights with the allocation to real estate of institutions in four countries, and finds that the actual allocation is significantly lower and that all investor domiciles have a significant home bias. The third paper discusses changes in the institutional framework of real estate markets and the size of the investment universe. Paper 4 discusses various entry points to the real estate market, and how an investor can utilize these in order to adjust the characteristics of the real estate portfolio. The sixth and last paper is qualitative, and investigates how institutions managing pension capital handle real estate. QC 20161115
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Hoffmann, Amy M. « Alternative interpretive strategies for multi-generational learning in public horticulture institutions ». Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company ; downloadable PDF file, 134 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605142581&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Darton, Robin. « The changing landscape of residential care : care homes and alternative forms of housing with care ». Thesis, University of Kent, 2014. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/48026/.
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This thesis draws together a series of publications that were based on research studies conducted between 1981 and 2011, covering care homes and alternative forms of housing with care. The majority of the studies were funded by the Department of Health or its predecessors, and were aimed at responding to policy issues, particularly for local authority grant funding. However, the funding provided the opportunity to collect information for broader purposes, and a central feature linking the studies was the collection, as far as possible, of consistent information about the characteristics of residents over time. The thesis includes 12 pieces of work, based on information collected in ten studies, and illustrates the changes in care home provision from 1981 onwards, and the potential role of alternative forms of housing with care. The aim of the thesis is to explore the following themes: the changing role of care homes and the development of the independent sector, particularly the private sector; factors associated with care home costs; changes in the relative role of residential and nursing homes, including changes in the characteristics of residents over time; changes in the quality of provision; the impact of care home closures; provision for self-funders and the expectations of residents; and the development of alternative forms of housing with care, and the degree to which specialised housing can provide an alternative to residential care. Care homes in the UK provide around 470,000 places and account for over half the expenditure on social care for older people in England. However, information about care facilities and residents is very limited. The papers presented here aimed to fill some of the gaps in understanding residential care and possible alternatives by making use of data collected in a unique series of related research studies conducted over a period of 30 years.
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Ferguson, Michele Carey. « The formulation and expansion of an alternative education program (Spanish immersion) : an institutional-political analysis / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7620.
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Tapia-Ahumada, Karen de los Angeles. « Are distributed energy technologies a viable alternative for institutional settings ? : lessons from MIT Cogeneration Plant ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34540.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-93).
During the last decades, distributed energy (DE) resources received considerable attention and support because of the confluence of technology development - particularly gas turbines - and deregulation - which would allow access to the distribution systems. DE was seen as addressing numerous issues, including transmission constraints, reliability, power quality, energy efficiency, and environmental quality through combined heat and power (CHP) applications. Numerous barriers, such as stranded asset requirements and lack of uniform interconnection standards, were recognized but viewed as manageable. Nevertheless, the penetration of DE/CHP has been considerably less than anticipated by many. More recent developments in the DE technology, regulatory environment, and fuel prices call for a re-examination of the cost-benefit balance for DE owners and of the societal implications that underpin public policy. This study addresses the MIT Cogeneration Plant in that context, motivated by the fact MIT was an early mover in adopting CHP technology in institutional settings. After a decade addressing numerous obstacles, the plant was put into operation about a decade ago with the expectations of reducing energy costs, improving the quality of power, and reducing net atmospheric emissions.
(cont.) This study reviews the major drivers for deciding on-campus power generation, and analyzes the project retrospectively in the context of today's market and regulatory conditions. Alternative scenarios are also evaluated in terms of technology improvements, standby rates, and fuel prices with the further goal of understanding their impact on the viability of DE/CHP projects. Our baseline results lead us to conclude that MIT Cogeneration Plant is a better alternative than generating the steam and purchasing the electricity needs separately. The present value of the economic savings are about $43m for the period 2006 to 2020, while the environmental benefits in terms of C02 emissions represent in average about 65,000 metric tons/yr. These numbers represent about 10% cost savings and 22% CO2 reduction under the set of assumptions and projections in the base case. Then, we performed four sensitivity analyses to understand the impact of technology efficiency, electricity rate structure, market fuel cost uncertainties and a carbon tax on the viability of DE/CHP projects: - Better turbine electrical efficiency represents more economic and CO2 emission benefits for the cogeneration alternative, with economic savings increasing up to about $73m and C02 benefits up to 93 metric tons/yr.
(cont.) - If the utility's new rate structure were applicable to the MIT cogeneration facility, it would have additional economic benefits of about $4.6m. - The project can be particularly sensitive to market conditions, especially natural gas prices. If fuel price conditions are not favorable, the cogeneration alternative becomes uneconomic with incremental costs of almost $56m. - Finally, the economic recognition of the CO2 reductions can change the economics of a cogeneration project. A DE/CHP project may displace emissions from less efficient technology and fossil fuel sources - depending on the utility's energy portfolio. For example, a $100/tonne carbon-tax brings additional economic savings of about $16m for the Cambridge utility fuel mix (about two thirds fossil). However, this particular cogeneration project would have additional costs of $2m if the Cambridge utility used entirely "carbon-free" sources. In summary, this study illustrates that CHP systems provide real economic and environmental benefits, through better efficiency, reutilization of exhaust gases, and displacement of polluting technologies. However, changes in current operational, market and regulatory conditions may greatly affect the benefits and viability of DE projects, requiring institutions to perform an in-depth analysis to weigh the pros and cons of specific projects.
by Karen de los Angeles Tapia-Ahumada.
S.M.
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Akinfemisoye, Motilola Olufenwa. « Negotiating inclusion : new 'alternative' media and the institutional journalistic practices of print journalists in Nigeria ». Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2015. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16627/.
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This study uses an ethnographic approach (in-depth interviews and newsrooms observations) combined with Critical Discourse Analysis to closely interrogate how journalists in four Nigerian print newsrooms; The Punch, Vanguard, Nigerian Tribune and Guardian, appropriate ‘alternative media’ content and new media technologies in their newsmaking practices. The choice of these four newsrooms enables a detailed reading of how the process of appropriating new media technologies and alternative media content takes place in Nigerian print newsrooms. The study explores how and whether (or not) these appropriations are impacting on institutional practices of Nigerian print journalists. It also sheds light on the spaces which new media technologies negotiate in these newsrooms and how these journalists negotiate the appropriation of alternative media content. Beyond the everyday newsmaking practices, the study uses the reporting of two key events; the Nigerian elections of 2011 and the Occupy Nigeria protests of 2012 to show how journalists in Nigerian print newsrooms negotiate their appropriation of alternative media content and new media technologies in reporting key events. Together, these examples highlight the creative appropriation of new media technologies in Nigerian print newsrooms and the need to avoid technological determinist perspectives which totalise experiences elsewhere as being universal. The study therefore reinvigorates the continued relevance of newsroom ethnography and argues that a sociological approach, which importantly considers local context imperatives, remains useful in understanding how Nigerian print journalists appropriate new media technologies and the resulting alternative journalisms. The findings of the study provide useful insights into the journalistic cultures in Nigerian print newsrooms and highlights how these journalists negotiate their appropriation of alternative media content. While the (disruptive) impact of new media technologies on newsmaking practices in these newsrooms cannot be ignored, the study finds that a number of local context factors constrain and shape how appropriations take place in these newsrooms. Thus, Nigerian print journalists appropriate alternative media and new media technologies to suit traditional journalistic practices. The study’s contribution to knowledge therefore lies in acknowledging that, beyond binary assumptions about the impact of new media technologies on journalism practices in Africa, particularly Nigeria, there is the need to consider the creative and complex ways in which journalists in these contexts appropriate these technologies. This study should thus be read as a step towards that end.
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Grainger, Alex. « Alternative forms of power in East Timor 1999-2009 : a historical perspective ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3496/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis presents an alternative to prevailing understandings of politics in East Timor in the period 1999-2009. Employing the language of state-building, dominant views posit that the new nation’s ‘crisis’ in 2006 is attributable to a ‘weak state’, arguing that substantial constraints on ‘human development’, a legacy of either the Indonesian period or failures of UN state building, presented insurmountable challenges to ‘capacity building’ which hampered the development of a public administration and other arms of the state. A closely related body of analysis attributes the causes, passage and resolution of ‘crisis’ to actors from the political elite. In this view, intraelite conflict foreclosed the possibility of the crisis’s early resolution, and attributed crisis to bad ‘policy-making’. A second perspective posits that a crisis was the result not of a weak state, but of the disempowerment of a strong civil society, that through ‘networked governance’, a legacy of the resistance network against Indonesia, can be relied on to rule. This thesis suggests that the remarkable uniformity of these analyses can be explained by their having: a) largely overlooked pre-1999 politics; and b) used a liberal perspective in which both abstractions and technical solutions (rule of law, capacity building) are assumed to be able to ‘correct’ ‘problems’ leading to ‘crisis’. This thesis proposes an explanation for contemporary politics found not solely in crisis or peace, but in the past. The postcolonial state is examined through the lens of colonial power relations, in terms of the extent and limits of modern ‘bio-power’. Successive chapters examine health and hygiene, the inculcation of norms and dispositions, family and habitat, and monetization. These themes are related back to state formation across the 20th century, and moreover, to an evaluation of life and death, processes evident throughout the practices of contemporary politics, including being significant in the institution of the postcolonial state. A key site of this power across time has been ‘missionary power’, embedded and semi-autonomous from the colonial state, rather than the Catholic Church per se. The manifold limits of colonial bio-power are identified not only as being a result of the paucity of material resources of the state, therefore, but also colonial ambivalence over subjects, durable relations between (and divergent representations of) missionaries and indigenous authorities, and contradictions between ‘modernity’ and ‘tradition’, all of which are shown to play out in contemporary politics. Through this analysis, the thesis reveals an alternative interpretation of East Timor since 1999, and offers possibilities for considering politics in other postcolonial contexts.
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Issaias, Theodossios D. (Theodlossios Demetrios). « Re-imaging the knowledge factory : an alternative role for Attica's educational institution ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65550.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-108).
Point of departure for this thesis is a concern regarding educational institutions' current state and the dialectic that it suggests with the city within which they reside. US universities and specifically MIT are used as case studies to depict the contemporary conditions that characterize research and education and their impact in their physical, economic and social context. Last, using as a test-field the city of Eleusina in Greece, this proposal aims to destruct the accumulated and concentrated value embedded in the knowledge economies of universities. The recent financial crisis in Greece has created conditions in which the state of emergency defines sovereignty itself. Nevertheless, by seeking to trade on values of authenticity, locality, culture opens space for political thought, and potentially actions within which alternatives can be both formulated and achieved. Universities as cultural institutions are taking part in this dynamic process. Educational institutions could provide the platform for redefining and negotiating the cultural commons. Operating in multiple geographies, universities are part of the global networks of knowledge. They are also significant nodes of the knowledge system and its global-local dialectic. The manifestation of these systems in urban space makes universities ideal places for this exploration. The restructuring of the Greek University, already an undergoing process, gives the opportunity to re-imagine education in its contemporary context. This project is sited in the city of Eleusina; one of the most devastated areas in the country both by the recent crisis and by its industrial past. On the other hand the city's unique superimposition of layers created through the centuries - evident in the urban fabric - in addition with the current uncertainty, are used as the pivot for the proposal of an alternative educational institution.
by Theodossios D Issaias.
S.M.
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Wilson, Laura L. « Before the emergency : a framework for evaluating emergency preparedness alternatives at higher education Institutions ». Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5179.
Texte intégralRésumé :
CHDS State/LocalApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
This research gathered information about the ways in which 10 higher education institutions (HEIs) in the U.S. are currently making decisions about which emergency preparedness activities to pursue and how those most familiar with emergency management at HEIs think that these decisions should be made. Using this information, in concert with principles from the field of decision analysis, a conceptual framework was developed to enable decision makers to evaluate proposed preparedness alternatives using a normative approach to decision making. A simplified version of the framework was then presented to demonstrate how a proposed preparedness activity could be evaluated using the model and how several proposed alternatives could be compared to one another. In addition to presenting an analytical framework for evaluating preparedness options, recommendations were offered for optimizing preparedness and preparedness decision making at HEIs. These recommendations centered on the organizational structure of an emergency management program, including roles and responsibilities; strategic planning efforts specific to emergency management; and innovative practices currently being utilized by the HEIs involved in this study.
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Wallin, David Ernest. « Alternative economic institutions to motivate managerial disclosure of private information : An experimental markets examination ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185019.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A central consideration in constructing a theory of the firm is the divergent preferences of managers and investors. Managers have incentives to take actions (shirk, consume perquisites) not in the best interests of the firm. Accounting reports are a primary method by which managers make assertions about their actions or the results of their actions. Auditing is a mechanism by which managers can purchase external verification of their disclosures. This dissertation develops the demand for auditing in two multiperiod environments. The first environment allows the manager to disclose with impunity. In such a case the manager's demand for auditing depends on the ability of the manager to obtain the cooperative solution without auditing. The second environment permits the investors to bring suit against a manager suspected of issuing fraudulent disclosures. In that environment, a cooperative solution can be obtained without auditing. The results of 16 experiments designed to test the analytical assertions suggests that there is a demand for auditing, regardless of whether or not legal recourse is present. Both the availability of auditing and the availability of legal recourse induces a higher level of managerial effort. The highest level of managerial effort was seen when both auditing and legal recourse were available, despite the prediction that the presence of a legal system would make auditing useless. The investors tended to overbid and the markets with auditing reduced that tendency. Truthful disclosures were generally only seen when legal recourse was available.
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Veloso, Renato. « Reflexões sobre métodos alternativos na gestão de conflitos numa autarquia pública federal ». Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/4111.
Texte intégralRésumé :
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No Brasil, há muito que se percebe uma insatisfação dos cidadãos na busca de equacionamento para seus conflitos, por soluções mais ágeis e efetivas para os dissensos. Fortes avanços e muitos esforços têm sido conduzidos em diversas frentes de trabalho institucionais e na governança pública, no sentido de divulgar os métodos de resolução de conflitos extrajudiciais, e entre eles, a Mediação, como oportunidades para inovações buscando novos caminhos que não dependam da tutela jurisdicional do Estado. Recentemente, com o advento da Lei nº 13.140, publicada em 26 de junho de 2015, a Mediação é uma realidade positivada e ganha força no cenário atual, tendo entrado em vigor em 26 de dezembro de 2015. Esta Lei estabeleceu a Mediação judicial, extrajudicial e também deu tratamento à autocomposição de conflitos em que for parte Pessoa Jurídica de Direito Público, trazendo segurança jurídica maior para a sua utilização. O presente estudo faz uma reflexão sobre os métodos alternativos de solução de conflitos à luz da Lei nº 13.140 e sua utilização no âmbito de uma autarquia pública. Foi desenvolvido um questionário para a pesquisa sobre mediação de conflitos, abordando, além dos dados do respondente, informações sobre o uso de meios consensuais na solução de conflitos e entendimento das motivações para o uso ou não dos meios consensuais. O questionário foi implantado na Plataforma SurveyMonkey e distribuídos via e-mail para 245 servidores da Autarquia que ocupam ou já ocuparam cargos de chefia, no período de 25/09/2016 a 10/10/2016, dos quais 90 responderam. Através da análise gráfica das frequências de respostas às questões apresentadas, pode-se concluir que a mediação de conflito é um instrumento importante e adequado para ser praticado na Administração Pública, apesar de não haver previsão para utilização dos meios consensuais de resolução de conflitos no âmbito da Autarquia estudada em decorrência de conflitos entre servidores.
In Brazil, there has long been perceived dissatisfaction among citizens in the search for a solution to their conflicts, for more agile and effective solutions to dissents. Strong advances and many efforts have been conducted in various institutional work sites and public governance, in order to disseminate extrajudicial methods of dispute resolution, including mediation, as opportunities for innovation seeking new ways that do not depend on the legal protection of State. Recently, with the advent of Law No. 13140, published on June 26, 2015, Mediation is a reality and gains strength in the current scenario, having entered into force on December 26, 2015. This Act established the extrajudicial court mediation and gave treatment to self-composition of conflicts in which it is part of Legal Entities of Public Law, providing greater legal certainty for its use. The present study is a reflection on alternative methods of conflict resolution in light of Law No. 13140 and its use in the context of a Public institution. A questionnaire was developed for the research on conflict mediation, addressing, in addition to the data of the respondent, information on the use of consensual means in the solution of conflicts and the understanding of the motivations for the use or not of consensual means. The questionnaire used the SurveyMonkey Platform and was emailed from 09/25/2016 to 10/10/2016 to 245 servants of the Public institution who occupy or have held head positions in the Organization. Out of this total, 90 servants responded. Through the graphical analysis of the frequencies of answers to the presented questions, it could be concluded that conflict mediation is an important and appropriate instrument to be practiced in Public Administration, although there is no intention for implementation of consensual means in the resolution of conflicts among the servants of the Organization studied
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Ericsson, Marianne. « Nykter motoffentlighet och alternativ litterär institution en litteratursociologisk undersökning av Godtemplarordens förlag ». Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20982.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of this masters thesis is to examine what political, social and ideological reasons that were the base for the establishment of the Swedish temperance movement. Which judgements within this movement that resulted in the decision to establish publishing firms, how these publishing businesses were organised and what function they had in the literary circuit. The questions are: What principal political, social, economical and ideological reasons were the bases for the establishment of the Swedish temperance movement? How has their need for publishing firms arisen? Which were the publishing firms and who were the publishers? What ideas, purposes, experiences, values and judgements led to the establishment of publishing firms? In the first part of the theory I have used the historical materialism of Karl Marx; in the second part the theory of middle class publicity by Jürgen Habermas; and in the third part I have made a presentation of the literary circuit and how it works according to Marx and Habermas. The method used is an analysis of ideas and ideologies in literature and documents. I have used the tool dimensions for the analysis. Dimensions that are examined are e.g. outlooks on mankind, theory of society, national economy and morality. This thesis has resulted in the statements that the temperance movement was established in a time when the society moved from an agrarian to an industrial structure, in which people got the opportunity to take new steps concerning ideologies and activities. This made it easier for voluntary associations to establish publishing firms. The Independent Order of Goodtemplars wanted to become an alternative society, which can explain their need for publishing firms. These firms would provide the need for members' study literature, missionary literature for sympathisers to be and propaganda concerning temperance. These issues were important for the temperance movement, as a lot of drunkenness and extreme poverty were predominant in the early industrial society.Uppsatsnivå: D
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Ottaviani, Fiona. « Performativité des indicateurs : indicateurs alternatifs et transformation des modes de rationalisation ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAE003/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les recherches récentes portant sur les indicateurs alternatifs suggèrent la nécessité d'une révision fondamentale de la manière de concevoir le processus de construction des indicateurs et s'inscrivent dans un mouvement critique vis-à-vis du primat d'une forme de rationalisation économiciste et expertale dans le champ des politiques publiques. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le champ de ces travaux et a pour objet d'apprécier la manière dont il est possible que ces indicateurs soient porteurs d'une « alternative » en termes de rationalisation de l'action.Pour apprécier les transformations opérées au sein du processus de quantification, la thèse prend pour objet l'expérimentation menée à Grenoble quant à la construction d'Indicateurs de Bien-Etre Soutenable Territorialisés (IBEST). La première partie du travail, d'ordre théorique, établit un lien entre la dimension conventionnelle des indicateurs, leur caractère performatif, la rationalité postulée des acteurs et la rationalisation des politiques publiques. Elle est complétée par une analyse de la dimension axiologique des critères de choix sociaux (bien-être, soutenabilité) axée sur les théories du développement qui peuvent appuyer la construction de tels indicateurs. La seconde partie s'attèle à l'analyse de l'expérimentation IBEST au regard du cadre conventionnaliste et met en exergue qu'un tel processus d'élaboration d'indicateurs induit des transformations aussi bien en ce qui concerne la dimension axiologique présidant à la construction des indicateurs que sur le plan de la rationalisation scientifique et politique. Suivant une logique pragmatique de la recherche-action, nous mettons en avant la plus-value de l'articulation entre une logique d'enquête et une démarche participative au regard du processus d'opérationnalisation d'indicateurs de bien-être soutenable. Au final, outre les apports méthodologiques et cognitifs liés à l'hybridation opérée entre la méthode quantitative et la méthode participative, la contribution de la recherche réside dans l'éclairage que l'expérimentation apporte sur la conception de la dynamique institutionnelle. En effet, le type de montée en généralité particulière associé à la démarche participative et plus largement le processus non linéaire de quantification d'IBEST appuient la pertinence des concepts d' « arrière-plan » et de « communautés interprétatives » pour apprécier le type de dynamique à l'œuvre dans une telle expérimentation et pour la mise en cohérence des notions de légitimité et d' « encastrement institutionnel ». Nous aboutissons ainsi à une conception de la dynamique institutionnelle qui procède par sédimentation et découle d'une transformation des conceptions et des pratiques d'acteurs dans le champ scientifique et politiqueRecent research on alternative indicators suggest the need for a fundamental review of the development process of indicators and is also in line with a general movement criticizing an economistic and expert-centered form of rationalization in the field of public policy. This thesis develops on this work and aims to assess how it is possible that these indicators hold an "alternative" in terms of rationalization of action.To appreciate the changes within the quantification process, the thesis focuses on an experiment conducted in Grenoble on the construction of sustainable territorial social indicators (IBEST). The first part of the work is theoretical. It establishes a link between the conventional form of indicators, their performative nature, the postulate of the actor's rationality and the rationalization of public policies. It is supplemented by an analysis of the axiological dimension of social choice criteria (well-being, sustainability) based on theories of development that can support the construction of such indicators. The second part provides an analysis of the IBEST experiment through the prism of the conventionalist theoretical framework. It underlines that processes of indicators' development such as the IBEST experiment induce transformations both in regard to the axiological dimension governing the construction of indicators and in terms of scientific and political rationalization. By applying the pragmatic logic of action research, we highlight the added value of articulating a logical investigation and a participatory approach in relation to the operationalization's process of sustainable well-being indicators. To conclude, in addition to the methodological and cognitive contributions related to the hybridization between a quantitative method and a participatory approach, the contribution of this research lies in the light the experimentation sheds on the understanding of institutional dynamics. Indeed, the generalization associated to participatory approaches and, on a broader level, the non-linear quantification process implemented in the IBEST experiment supports the relevance of the concepts of "background" and "interpretive communities" when it comes to assessing the dynamics at work in such experimentations and to make coherents the notions of legitimacy and "institutional embeddedness". This thesis leads to a conception of the institutional dynamics which proceeds by sedimentation and results from a transformation of the approaches and practices of actors in the science and political fields
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Hitchmough, Sam. « African-American alternative patriotism and aspects of cultural resistance to institutional racism in Chicago between 1963 and 1976 ». Thesis, Keele University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242277.
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Amitrano, Claudio Roberto 1973. « Instituições e desenvolvimento = críticas e alternativas à abordagem de variedades de capitalismo ». [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285963.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Antonio Carlos Macedo e SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Nos últimos anos tem crescido o debate em torno do papel das instituições na performance econômica. Dentre as diversas vertentes que analisam este possível papel encontra-se a chamada abordagem de Variedades de Capitalismo (VoC), desenvolvida, sobretudo, a partir dos trabalhos de Peter Hall e David Soskice. Segundo os proponentes desta abordagem a questão relevante reside no fato de que não apenas as instituições influenciam o desempenho econômico, mas que o fazem por meio de uma forte complementaridade. A existência desta complementaridade tem como conseqüência uma forte inércia, de modo que as economias não apresentariam tendência de convergência ao longo do tempo, seja do ponto de vista de suas instituições, seja em termos de taxas de crescimento. O objetivo desta tese consiste em investigar a consistência teóricometodológica da noção de complementaridade institucional e sua relação com a mudança institucional e a performance econômica. A despeito da concordância com a tese da VoC, de que a divergência entre países se configura mais como regra do que como exceção, a hipótese principal deste trabalho é que existe uma incongruência na abordagem de Variedades de Capitalismo entre os conceitos de instituição, complementaridade e o modelo teórico que norteia a análise da performance econômica. Neste sentido, pretende-se ao longo do trabalho demonstrar que uma definição distinta de instituição, associada não só a padrões comportamentais, mas também à noção de modelos mentais de interpretação, é capaz de conferir maior robustez ao conceito de complementaridade. Esta noção requer que se leve em conta três elementos na definição de instituição: incerteza fundamental, racionalidade limitada e reciprocidade. Além disso, procurar-se-á demonstrar na tese que a relação entre complementaridade e performance econômica, quando mediada por um conceito de instituição adequado, se articula e confere sentido às noções de regime de demanda e de produtividade dos modelos pós-keynesianos de crescimento
Abstract: The debate surrounding the role of institutions in economic performance has grown in recent years. Among the various strands that analyze this possible role is the one called Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) approach, developed by Peter Hall and David Soskice. According to proponents of this approach the relevant question lies in the fact that not only institutions influence the economic performance, but they do so through a strong institutional complementarity. The existence of this complementarity implies a strong inertia, so that economies would not converge over time, neither from the point of view of its institutions, nor in terms of growth rates. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the theoretical-methodological consistency of the concept of institutional complementarity and its relationship with the institutional change and economic performance. Despite the agreement with the central thesis of VoC, that divergence between countries is much more a rule than an exception, the main hypothesis of this thesis is that there is an inconsistency in the Varieties of Capitalism approach between the concepts of institution, complementarity and the theoretical model that guided the analysis of economic performance. In this sense, we intend to demonstrate that a distinct definition of institution associated with, not only behavioral patterns, but also to the very notion of mental models of interpretation, is able to confer greater robustness to the concept of complementarity. This concept requires consideration about three elements in the definition of institution: fundamental uncertainty, bounded rationality and reciprocity. In addition, will be shown that the relationship between complementarity and economic performance, when mediated by an appropriate concept of institution relates and gives meaning to the concepts of demand and productivity regimes of post Keynesian models of growth
Doutorado
Teoria Economica
Doutor em Ciências Econômicas
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Kautto, Hanna. « Bergssprängarna – ett kostnadseffektivt alternativ för Bergs kommun ? » Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Work, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19.
Texte intégralRésumé :
I Bergs kommun startades år 2003 ett öppenvårdsprojekt då kommunen märkte av en påtaglig ökning av barn och unga som var i behov av socialtjänstens insatser. Denna verksamhet kom att heta Bergssprängarna. Mitt syfte var från början att jämföra de barn och unga som blivit föremål för placering på institution och familjehem och de som fått insats genom Bergssprängarna för att se om grupperna var likvärdiga och jämföra kostnaderna för respektive verksamhet. Men under arbetes gång har syftet förändrats då jag inte fått tillgång till de ekonomiska underlagen som skulle belysa varje individs totala kostnad för respektive insats. Därför redovisas endast grova kostnadsunderlag. Utgångspunkten är en mindre aktstudie men innefattar även budgetmaterial. Då tidigare förhållanden har undersökts och sekundär data utgör grunden till studien har en kvantitativ metod valts. Resultaten visar tendenser till att det delvis är samma och delvis olika barn och unga som blir föremål för institutionsplacering/familjehemsplacering som får insats genom Bergssprängarna. Starten av Bergssprängarna kan ha lett till att fler barn och unga i Bergs kommun blir sedda med sin problematik då behandlarna rör sig skol- och fritidsmiljöer som leder till att fler blir föremål för insatser från socialtjänsten. När det gäller kostnadsutvecklingen har etableringen av Bergssprängarna inte inneburit att kommunens kostnader för institutionsvård och familjehemsvård minskat så som förväntat.
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Querany, Sylvain. « Les Lieux de vie sont-ils une alternative à l'échec des institutions médico-éducatives traditionnelles ? » Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376177664.
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Querany, Sylvain. « Les lieux de vie sont-ils une alternative a l'echec des institutions medico-educatives traditionnelles ? » Paris 8, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080335.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette these traite des modes de prise en charge des mineurs en difficultes, des origines de l'aide sociale en france jusqu'a l'emergence recente des structures dites alternatives. Malgre l'evolution constante des structures traditionnelles et des moyens , leurs echecs ne se comptent plus. Les travailleurs sociaux tentent d'en eviter la derive. Des petites unites educatives experimentales existent un peu partout en france qui s'imposent , face aux institutions medico-socio-educatives traditionnelles qui sont depassees. Il est temps d'arreter le gaspillage considerable du systeme traditionnel pour s'orienter vers ces nouveaux "lieux de vie" appeles indifferemment : -structures intermediaires, -structures paralleles, -structures communautaires, -structures alternatives. Apres quinze ans de fonctionnement et de luttes , pouvonsnous parler de leur reussite ? courent-elles , elles aussi le risque de la routine institutionnelle ?The following thesis deals with the various ways of taking care of minors in difficulties , from the origins of social welfare in france to the recent emergence of new structures qualified as alternative. In spite of the constant evolution of traditional structures and of their means , their failures are innumerable. Social workers are trying to prevent their going adrift. Small experimental educational units have been created throughout the country and are now compelling recognition in the face of medico-educational institutions which are out of date. It is about time we put an end to the considerable waste which goes with the traditional system and turned towards those new " living units " which may be equally called : - intermediate structure. -unofficial structures. (. . . )
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Wyatt, David. « Slavery and culture in medieval Britain and Ireland : an alternative perspective of an enduring institution ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695248.
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Luzar, E. Jane. « Alternative methodological approaches to natural resource policy analysis : an illustration of an institutional approach to land use policy analysis ». Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76213.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Policy economists are increasingly called upon to participate in the institutional design of natural resource policies, predict interpret impacts of alternative the direction of future policy policies, and formulations. However, many of the forces influential in the current reformulation of these policies extend beyond the exchange oriented scope of the traditional mainstream methodological perspective of contemporary economics. In particular, the inability of mainstream economics to analytically incorporate concepts of institutional change, as well as the analytical limitations imposed by its predictive epistemological basis suggest the need for an alternative analytical framework for use in policy analysis.
This study explores the potential contribution of an alternative, institutional approach to policy analysis. Certain properties of the institutional approach identified in this study, including its nonpredictive epistemological orientation, focus on institutions as the unit of observation, reliance on behavioral analysis, and ability to incorporate a wider array of disciplinary perspectives are evaluated with respect to their contribution to policy analysis. The primary analytical technique of institutional economics, development of a pattern model, is analyzed in some detail and compared with traditional mainstream analytics.
An illustration of an institutional approach to policy analysis is developed to examine policy considerations raised by the farmland retention issue. A pattern model is constructed to provide the framework for the institutional analysis. Primary components of the model, the policy environment and the actors within that environment, structure the qualitative and quantitative analysis. The pattern model is designed to increase policy economists' understanding of issues fundamental to the development of natural resource policies, e.g., Why is a particular policy chosen from the menu of possible policy options?, What motivates individuals to participate in a policy?, What is the process underlying policy formulation?, and, What is the institutional evolution of a policy?
The conclusions to the study are two-part: first, conclusions and policy recommendations are offered for the specific case of the farmland retention issue. Second, for the more general case of natural resource policy analysis, an evaluation of the potential analytical contributions of an institutional approach or a blend of approaches is offered.Ph. D.
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Jaffee, Steven Marc. « Alternative marketing institutions for agricultural exports in sub-Saharan Africa with special reference to Kenyan horticulture ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332963.
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Janke, Christine. « The Right to Food and Negative Duties : The urgency of an alternative approach toward hunger amidst an overbearing institutional order ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21494.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Hunger currently plagues over one billion people around the world, leaving mainly women, children and rural communities in post-colonial developing countries unable to obtain their most basic need for nutrition. The fundamental human right to food is found to be a complex human right involving a combination of both positive and negative duties by states and international institutions in order for its guarantee. Hunger is not only remediable but is highly preventable. Main causal factors of hunger are outlined, with a focus on Thomas Pogge’s claim that coercive international institutions are largely responsible for world poverty. In this way, global institutions are responsible not to cause harm in their economic policies and unfair trade rules in order for individuals to obtain economic access to food and thus remedy their hunger.
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Felgendreher, Frank Verfasser], et Elisabeth [Akademischer Betreuer] [Allgoewer. « Alternative monetary institutional policies of H. P. Minsky and F. A. Hayek : the comparison of two alternative theories of inherent financial instability in a capitalistic economy / Frank Felgendreher. Betreuer : Elisabeth Allgoewer ». Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071948334/34.
Texte intégral
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Tilleman, Suzanne Gladys 1971. « Aligning institutional logics to enhance regional cluster emergence : Evidence from the wind and solar energy industries ». Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10595.
Texte intégralRésumé :
xvii, 191 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.For over a century, researchers from diverse intellectual disciplines have tried to explain the emergence of regional business clusters. I contribute to research on cluster emergence by applying an institutional logics framework to model how cluster emergence is influenced by such factors as supportive institutional logics, knowledge spillover, labor pooling, and technological uncertainty. This study is guided by the research question: How do institutions, specifically, varying levels of a congruous institutional logic, affect regional cluster emergence? Using the passage of the 1978 Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) as a catalyst for business cluster emergence in the renewable energy sector, this study examines the emergence of wind and solar energy manufacturing clusters. I test hypotheses about the positive influences of a congruous institutional logic across U.S. metropolitan statistical areas to see if the relative prevalence of a congruous institutional logic results in more firms and greater levels of clustering. For example, a pro-environmental sentiment among human populations aligns, or in other words, is congruous, with renewable energy manufacturing. I use fixed effects estimation to test several hypotheses regarding positive direct and moderating effects of institutional alignment on cluster emergence. I find that congruous institutional logics have a positive direct influence on clustering, and as technological uncertainty increases, this positive direct influence is enhanced. I find only partial support for the moderating influence of congruous institutional logics on the positive direct effect of positive externalities on clustering. This study contributes to practice and theory by building a model and supporting hypotheses on the influence of institutional fit on regional cluster emergence.
Committee in charge: Michael Russo, Chairperson, Management; Jennifer Howard-Grenville, Member, Management; Alan Meyer, Member, Management; Glen Waddell, Outside Member, Economics
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Abou, Hamdan Malek. « Produits dérivés, risques de marché et "Gharar" : recherche d'une alternative islamique ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020027/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La position actuellement dominante parmi juristes et théoriciens de la Finance Islamique penchant vers l’interdiction des produits dérivés dans les Institutions Financières Islamiques, la recherche d’une alternative à ces produits, en particulier pour la gestion des risques de marché, constitue l’un des axes de recherche fondamentaux concernant l’avenir de cette école de pensée et de ce type d’institutions. Ainsi, ce travail de thèse s’intéresse d’abord à l’inférence des significations financières contemporaines possibles du concept islamique dit de « Gharar interdit » (litt. « risque interdit ») en l’opposant notamment à la prise de risque permise, puis, à partir des résultats correspondants, à l’exploration et proposition d’instruments alternatifs aux dérivés. Sur le premier aspect, cette recherche est partie du patrimoine du Fiqh (« jurisprudence ») islamique, et a mobilisé des outils qualitatifs et numériques d’analyse, tout en s’inspirant de la méthode de l’idéaltype de Max Weber. Sur le second, elle a mis en oeuvre une enquête combinant littérature et terrain, avant de faire passer les instruments obtenus par un filtre construit à partir des résultats du premier aspect. Ce travail a principalement permis de jeter une lumière nouvelle sur les théories de la prise de risque et du Gharar en Islam, de repérer et de discuter les zones d’ombre à l’origine des débats contemporains, de dresser un état des lieux de la recherche d’alternatives, d’identifier et de comprendre un phénomène nommé trappe à réplication, et surtout, de proposer une voie générale de sortie, utilisant la théorie islamique du besoin et de l’intérêt général, l’idée de partage du risque et celle d’alternativeThe currently prevailing position among Islamic Finance’s jurists and theorists being to prohibit derivative products in Islamic Financial Institutions, the search for an “Islamic” alternative to these products, in particular for market risks’ management, constitutes one of the fundamental axes of research concerning the future of this school and type of institutions. Thus, this doctoral work deals with the inference of the possible contemporary meanings of the Islamic concept called “prohibited Gharar” (litt. “prohibited risk”) while opposing it to the permissible risk-taking, then, based on the corresponding findings, it deals with the exploration and proposal of alternative instruments to derivatives. On the first aspect, this research used texts of Islamic Fiqh (“jurisprudence”), and mobilised qualitative and numerical tools of analysis, while drawing on Max Weber’s method of the idealtype. On the second, it implemented a survey combining literature and field study, before passing the obtained instruments through a filter constructed from the results of the first aspect. This work has mainly contributed to shed a new light on the theories of risk-taking and Gharar in Islam, to identify and discuss the shadow areas behind contemporary debates, to draw up an inventory of research on alternatives, to identify and understand a phenomenon called replication trap, and especially, to propose a general way out, using the Islamic theory of need and public interest, the idea of risk-sharing and that of alternative
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Indanda, Beyo Matthieu. « Les entreprises de conviction d'un point de vue organisationnel et institutionnel : quelles rationalités ? quelles logiques d'action ? » Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1272.
Texte intégralRésumé :
« Les entreprises de conviction », ce vocable apparemment baroque désigne pourtant un élément classique de l’univers des organisations : une entreprise. Et ce, depuis sa définition jurisprudentielle tant par la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme que par la Cour d’appel de Paris et la Cour de cassation, dans une cause médiatiquement surexposée : l’affaire Baby Loup.Ces entreprises de conviction sont encore peu étudiées en sciences de gestion, non faute de matière à réflexion. En effet, au vu des termes de ladite définition « entités au sein desquelles sont expressément prônées une idéologie, une morale, une philosophie ou une politique, autrement dit, l’objet essentiel de l’activité de ces entreprises est la défense et la promotion d’une doctrine ou d’une éthique », la notion même d'entreprise est réinterrogée.C'est pourquoi, à partir d’une question centrale simple « Qu’est-ce une entreprise de conviction et quel est son apport dans l’ordre des connaissances ?», une réflexion historico-théorique a été proposée, aboutissant à restituer son apparition et son existence comme phénomène de création humaine, avec un ancrage éthico-religieux. Et ce, sous des traits et des caractéristiques que l’on a pu confronter aux réalités observées sur des terrains divers« Enterprises of conviction», this term somewhat baroque designates however all that is classic in the universe of organizations: a company. And this, since its definition according to the jurisprudence of both the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Appeal of Paris and the Court of Cassation, in a media overexposed legal case: the case Baby Loup.They are still little studied in Management Science, but neverthless they should give plenty to think about, given the very terms of the definition « entities within which are expressly advocated an ideology, a morality, a philosophy or a policy, in other words, 'essential object of the activity of these enterprises is the defense and the promotion of a doctrine or an ethics » which reexamines the very notion of the company.Thus,from a simple central question "What is an enterprise of conviction and what is its contribution in the order of knowledge?", we attempt to undertake a historical-theoretical reflection resulting in restoring its appearance and its existence as a phenomenon of human creation, with a certain ethico-religious anchorage. And this, under features and characteristics that we could confront by the facts observed on different field work
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CASSARA, ANTONIO C. « A Valorizacao das relacoes sociais como alternativa para a melhoria de desempenho em empresas publicas .Estudo de caso realizado no Centro de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais, (CCTM) - IPEN ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11120.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09265.pdf: 14915984 bytes, checksum: db833b147c1de7b5aad57a6f4a890bbb (MD5)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Silva, Marisa Cláudia Feital da. « A comunicação suplementar e/ou alternativa na vida de pessoas com paralisia cerebral, adultas e institucionalizadas ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12088.
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-02Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The aim of this work, was to verify how the AAC can affect the life of two adults with a non articulated speech, due to the cerebral palsy, on both, considering the fact that they are living as internals in an Institution. It was chosen as method the case study with observation evolved by a six months period of time. It has been made reports and pictures (movies) during the sessions of speech therapy, with the two patients. Along with the sessions, it was made by the therapist and the two patients, low technology boards using P.C.S. (Picture Communication Symbols). During that same period of time, the therapist too has been included as an observer in the institute routine, on the purpose to acquire data, about the overall environment. It was followed and reported the effect over the lives of the two patients due to the interaction, provided by the P.C.S. system application, from the point of view of their subjectivities, and daily routine of life. Therefore as a result the data showed that from the beginning of the use of low technology boards construction process, the two patients have developed conditions that contributed for their autonomy with regards to their people. Their new behavior were noticed inside the institution and an unfamiliar feeling was observed. By the analysis of the data acquired, the Institution people arrived to the conclusion that the work was good for the patient s subjectivities, with an overall positive effect on their behavior. So they started to be noticed and respected in the Institution
O Objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar o impacto que a Comunicação Suplementar e/ou Alternativa pode ter na vida de dois adultos, sem fala oralmente articulada, portadores de Paralisia Cerebral, que se encontram internos em uma instituição. O Método utilizado foi de estudo de caso envolvendo observação. Por um período de seis meses, filmou - se e registrou -se, por escrito, as sessões de fonoaudiologia com dois sujeitos, nas quais se construíram pranchas de comunicação de baixa tecnologia, usando o Sistema Picture Communication Symbols (P.C.S.). Durante o mesmo período a pesquisadora também permaneceu como observadora da rotina da instituição, a fim de obter dados sobre o contexto. Foram observados os efeitos da interação com o uso do P.C.S. na vida desses sujeitos, do ponto de vista de suas subjetividades e de sua vivência no cotidiano da instituição. Como resultado, os dados mostraram que, a partir do processo de construção das pranchas, os sujeitos geraram condições para se colocarem de forma mais autônoma perante os outros, o que provocou uma sensação de "estranhamento" na instituição. Concluiu-se que o trabalho teve efeito positivo para a subjetividade dos participantes, visto que começaram a ser olhados e respeitados como sujeitos dentro da instituição
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Abraham, Warren. « Community participation in health : Home/community-based care as an alternative strategy to institutional care – a case study of Dunoon home-based caregivers ». University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5223.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)In South Africa, since 2000, an increase of awareness in community involvement has become apparent, owing to the response from people to the need to be more engaged in decisions pertaining to their community. This positive move echoes an increasing acknowledgement by those in authority that community participation is essential to the main demands of renewing democracy, expanding service provision and constructing robust communities. The development of innovative patterns of participation development means that local communities should be empowered to participate in decision making, whilst government establishments need to have the determination and ability to respond to various community needs. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic has placed an enormous responsibility on public health services, such as South African hospitals, which are already functioning with limited resources. This has shifted the load of nursing to family members and communities as public health services are often stretched beyond their limits. Several community or home-based care programmes and facilities have materialised in reply to this necessity. In the context of participation of communities, the duty of community involvement in health plays a vital role in the future of public health in South Africa. Accordingly, this research was conducted to explore the nature and extent of community participation within the HIV/AIDS context in the Dunoon suburb in the Western Cape. An empirical research design, which consisted of qualitative methods, was used in this exploratory study to investigate the nature and extent of home-based care as an alternative strategy to institutional care. The research population was comprised of community members at the Dunoon informal settlement, the home-based workers employed at Heavenly Promise NGO, as well as staff and management of the Caltex/Chevron Refinery, members of Project Management 4 Africa (PM4A) and representatives of the Department of Social Development (DSD), which together constitute the partnership that is dedicated to combating the spread of HIV/AIDS in Dunoon. In general, the research findings demonstrate that home-based caregivers displayed strong levels of participation right from the outset of the project. The findings also established that participation among the community members was a combination of passive, weak and non-participatory, whereas home-based carers displayed a level of active participation. Furthermore, home-based care staff played a key role in decision making, while carers essentially undertook the work in the community. Hence, home-based care and communities participating in health matters are considered to be substantial as home care focuses primarily on palliative care of the patient at home, with the support of the family and the immediate community. Consequently, it is hoped that this research will prove significant and will enhance the existing knowledge of the potential benefits of home-based care as an alternative strategy to institutional care.
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Messias, Liege Sabrina. « A chamada pública como alternativa à licitação : seu uso na aquisição de produtos da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar / ». Franca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154216.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Regina Aparecida Leite de CamargoResumo: As políticas públicas voltadas à alimentação escolar e aquelas voltadas à agricultura familiar se interligam com a Lei nº. 11.947/2009, que determina que no mínimo 30% dos recursos transferidos aos entes públicos, para a alimentação escolar, devem ser destinados para aquisição de produtos da agricultura familiar, dispensando-se o processo licitatório, mas executando uma chamada pública, que é o objeto principal desse estudo. A pesquisa bibliográfica demonstrou que as mudanças temporais foram essenciais para a criação desse processo diferenciado de compras. Somente quando o foco da alimentação escolar deixou de ser a simples oferta de alimento para a oferta de um alimento mais saudável e de acordo com as referências culturais de cada região, que a introdução de alimentos frescos e advindos da agricultura familiar ganha espaço. Nesse contexto, tendo por finalidade o incentivo da agricultura local, o presente projeto tem por objetivo estudar os aspectos jurídicos da chamada pública e suas especificidades enquanto procedimento especial de dispensa do procedimento licitatório, e se esse procedimento favorece o acesso dos agricultores aos mercados institucionais e a sua permanência na agricultura. A efetividade de determinada política pública elaborada no âmbito federal depende, em grande medida, da sua articulação e cumprimento por parte dos demais entes federados. Ao comparar interpretações teóricas e a execução do programa em Franca, Patrocínio Paulista e Ribeirão Corrente, muni... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The public policies focused on school feeding and the ones focused on family farming blend together with the Law 11.947/2009, which determines that at least 30% of the funds transferred to the public entities for school feeding must be spent with the acquisition of family farming products. This process would dismiss bidding procedures and be run by a public call, which is the main subject of this study. Bibliographical research has shown that temporal changes proved to be vital to create a differentiated purchase process. Only when the focus of the school feeding was no longer the simple offer of food, but the offer of healthier foods and in accordance with the cultural references of each region, family farming products gained space, with the introduction of fresh and good quality food. In this context, the objective of this project is to study the legal aspects of the public calls and its specificities as a special procedure for dispensing with the bidding process, and if this procedure favours farmers' access to the institutional markets and their permanence as farmers. The effectiveness of a public policy, created at the federal level, depends mostly on how it is structured and carried on by the other state entities. When comparing the theoretical interpretations and the program execution in Franca, Patrocínio Paulista of Ribeirão Corrente, three municipalities of São Paulo state, through the public calls, we were able to establish how local decisions interfere with nation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Reinholds, Franciska. « Abolishing Female Genital Mutilation by Cultural Renewal ? : An assessment of Alternative Rites of Passage in Kenya ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106890.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Many attempts have been made to eradicate female genital mutilation over the past decades, yet the sustained practice continues to be a risk for women’s health and agency. In Kenya, an intervention with increasing proliferation is the alternative rites of passage. The approach has existed for some time, however little and highly contextual research has been produced around it. This thesis examines the general characteristics of an alternative rite of passage by combining primary and secondary data. Interviews were conducted with Kenyan professionals working with alternative rites of passage, as well as a systematic literature review. The findings demonstrate the balance between individual agency and social structure among the different actors usually included in the approach. In both instances, the notion of power is presented through the many perceived costs and benefits of female genital mutilation. Rather than focusing solely on the girls at risk of being cut, the alternative rite of passage is a pursuit to reframe the role of culture in targeted communities. Alternative rites of passage are often a systematic and longer process defined by communication, based on rational choice, external influences, and community validation. This thesis serves as an introduction to understanding the present alternative rites of passage in Kenya. By expanding the knowledge of an approach still at an early stage, it is possible for future research to study its effectiveness and long-term consequences on girls at risk of female genital mutilation.
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Jeanne, Nicolas. « Juridictionnalisation de la répression pénale et institution du ministère public : étude comparative France-Angleterre ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010283/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
En France comme en Angleterre, le ministère public a historiquement vocation à garantir la forme juridictionnelle de la répression-pénale. A l'inverse, la juridictionnalisation de la répression pénale constitue une limite traditionnelle aux prérogatives du ministère public. Ainsi, alors que le premier rend toujours possible la juridictionnalisation et légitime la répression, la seconde limite légitimement le champ des possibles offerts au ministère public. Pourtant, la liaison qui paraît si évidente entre la juridictionnalisation de la répression pénale et l'institution du ministère public s'efface progressivement en nuances. Les législateurs français et anglais, encouragés par la jurisprudence, ont considérablement renforcé les pouvoirs d’enquête et de traitement infrajuridictionnels du ministère public évinçant par là la juridictionnalisation de la répression. Et même si la juridictionnalisation peut paraître préservée lorsqu'il s'agit pour le ministère public d'obtenir une coercition et une rétribution ultimes, celle-ci s'avère en réalité sans substance. Le contrôle à priori du juge de l'autorisation des pouvoirs d'enquête juridictionnalisés est souvent purement formel et ne peut permettre de contredire la nécessité d'ordonner tel ou tel acte qui serait requis par le ministère public, alors que le contrôle a posteriori du juge de l'annulation des actes d'enquête est lui déficient et aléatoire. La garantie d'un usage régulier des pouvoirs d'enquête et de traitement des infractions ne saurait pourtant venir d'une juridictionnalisation de l'institution du ministère public. La comparaison de l'organisation des ministères publics français et anglais laisse apparaître que les solutions qui sont envisagées l'indépendance et impartialité du ministère public français ne seraient pas suffisantes. C'est une restauration de la juridictionalisation des fonctions de l'institution, conforme à sa ratio profonde qu'il convient de mettre en œuvreIn France, like in England, the Public Prosecutor is historically intended to ensure the judicial nature of criminal justice. Reciprocally, the strengthening of the judicial nature of the criminal justice traditionally restricts the prerogatives of the Public Prosecutor's Office. However, the link between the reinforcement of the judicial nature of the criminal justice and the existence of the Public Prosecutor, albeit obvious, evaporates slowly in multiple shades. The French and the English lawmakers, supported by case law, have come to considerably strengthen the Public Prosecutor's investigation and pre-trial powers, thus ousting the judicial nature of the criminal justice. Although it may seem that the judicial nature of repression is preserved when the Public Prosecutor is required to obtain coercive measures or ultimate retribution, it turns out to be deprived of substance. An a priori control by a judge who grants judicial investigative powers to the Public Prosecutor is always formalistic, whereas an a posteriori control by a judge who may annul decisions taken during the investigation is flawed and random. However, a guarantee of a regular use of investigative powers and of treatment of offenses cannot come out of the strengthening of judicial nature of the Public Prosecutor. A comparative analysis of the structure of the Public Prosecutor’s Office in France and in England reveals that the dues that are to be considered -independence and impartiality of the French Public Prosecutor -do not suffice. It is a reestablishment of the judicial functions of the body, coherent with its true ratio, that should be implemented
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Johnson, Francis X. « Exploiting cross-level linkages to steer the bioenergy transition ». Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-155686.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis develops the notion of the bioenergy transition as the long-term transformation of biomass from a local resource into a global commodity. An historical assessment is combined with interdisciplinary analysis that focuses especially on liquid biofuels and highlights the environmentally innovative case of bioethanol. The bioenergy transition is investigated from several different perspectives: technical-economic, socio-economic, socio-technical and political-economic. Linkages across different levels from household to global are analysed in relation to the effectiveness of bioenergy policies. In addition to studies at household and national levels, a North-South perspective is taken by including two major regions: the European Union (EU) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The relation of EU biofuels policy to international climate and trade regimes is assessed to show how regional-global linkages affect policy design and implementation. Household bioenergy markets in developing countries are poorly articulated and difficult to link to other sectors; a detailed choice model in Ethiopia showed that product-specific factors should be evaluated to inform design of programmes and policies. Municipal and sub-national markets for bioenergy have been successfully linked to national policies to coordinate supply and demand in Brazil and Sweden. Regional market development for biofuels has great potential in southern Africa but regional-national linkages currently remain unexploited. National level efforts remain quite important in terms of energy security and environmental innovation, as evidenced in Brazil, Malawi and Sweden. Biofuels sustainability criteria in the EU Renewable Energy Directive (EU-RED) were evaluated in relation to the international climate and trade regimes and were found to shift some costs onto developing countries. One of the mechanisms for assuring biofuels sustainability is bilateral agreements, which remain untested but potentially effective. Cross-level linkages were often unexploited in the cases studied; national approaches cannot easily capture complementarities across sectors and scales in biophysical and economic terms. Linking biofuels markets across different levels from household to global through regional development policies and specialised governance mechanisms could help to steer the bioenergy transition towards sustainability.QC 20141112
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Calvin, Lele Kago. « La bancarisation des tontine : une alternative de développement économique et social et une réponse à la crise de nos institutions financières ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9433.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Face aux difficultés auxquelles sont confrontées pratiquement toutes les économies mondiales, ce mémoire propose dans le cas spécifique du Cameroun une modeste solution visant à résorber l'état de crise qui traverse l'ensemble de notre système financier. La crise des institutions financières camerounaises est caractérisée à la fois par la défaillance et la dégradation du secteur bancaire moderne, ainsi que par l'insuffisance de mécanismes adaptés à la collecte de l'épargne intérieure. Compte tenu de cette situation on ne peut plus alarmante, il apparaît inévitable et propice en raison même du caractère concret des problèmes de dysfonctionnement, qu'il faille réorganiser en profondeur les mécanismes de gestion et de collecte de l'épargne traditionnelle en les adaptant plus sainement non seulement aux exigences réelles de développement, mais surtout aux mentalités et aux habitudes de la population camerounaise. En d'autres termes, il est temps que les autorités camerounaises, de concert avec les autres agents économiques songent à une nouvelle pratique bancaire qui corresponde véritablement à la majorité des préoccupations socio-économiques de la population. Dans cette perspective, la ligne directrice de notre sujet de recherche repose sur un processus de recyclage local de l'épargne privée, dans le but de créer un cadre monétaire et financier optimal pour l'épargne et le crédit. Comme c'est le cas dans les économies en voie de développement, nous pensons que les comportements d'épargne au Cameroun demandent aussi à être développés et surtout orientés, pour que nos décisions individuelles d'investissement correspondent aux objectifs globaux de la production nationale. C'est dans ce sens que les institutions monétaires et financières se doivent de jouer un rôle déterminant. Les pays membres de la zone BEAC ont cette particularité qu'ils coexistent dans leurs économies des secteurs financiers formels et informels, dualistes ou complémentaires. Au Cameroun en l'occurrence, le système financier formel comprend outre la Banque Centrale, des banques commerciales, des banques de développement, ainsi que des institutions financières non monétaires. En marge à ces systèmes formels, existent des systèmes financiers informels caractérisés principalement par les tontines. Les deux types d'organisations concourent à leur manière et suivant leurs pratiques de fonctionnement au financement de l'économie, tant au niveau de la mobilisation des ressources (collecte de l'épargne) que de la distribution des liquidités (octroi de crédit). Le défi de ce mémoire consiste à présenter une approche plausible de développement économique et social basée sur une liaison effective entre les deux systèmes financiers.
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Barbosa, Luciano Celso Brandão Guerreiro. « A comercialização de produtos orgânicos como alternativa para a geração de sustentabilidade aos agricultores familiares ». Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2007. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1107.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The organic agriculture is a production paradigm that is being currently discussed by the
academy and economic agents (companies, governments and consumers) This production
model is evolving its theoretical approach. However, several barriers obstruct the
consolidation and expansion of this segment. The commercialization is one of them,
especially for a productive system that seeks to be sustainable, how can a productive system
be considered sustainable if it does not generate social, economical and environmental
benefits for its players. In this context, this dissertation seeks to evaluate if the direct
commercialization of organic products can be an alternative to generate sustainable income
for the family farmers. To do so, this essay analyzed the behavior of the Alagoas organic
segment, having as a reference the Feira Agroecológica de Maceió as well as the family
farmers with properties until 5 hectares with commercial articulation to the Feira. Thus, the
research concluded that the organic agriculture is a feasible alternative to family farmers,
because it allows to reach economic, social and environmental sustainability. The
commercialization, however, is the main limiting factor for the consolidation and expansion
of this segment in Alagoas. Therefore, it depends on the rules to foment this productive
segment through specific policies for the organic agriculture and the institutional parameters.
Settle down the man in rural areasCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A agricultura orgânica é um paradigma de produção que está sendo muito discutido pela academia e pelos agentes econômicos (empresas, governos e consumidores). Esse modelo de produção ainda está aprimorando seus pilares teóricos e produtivos. Existem diversos gargalos que dificultam a consolidação e expansão desse segmento. A comercialização é um desses gargalos, principalmente para um sistema produtivo que procura ser sustentável, pois como um sistema produtivo poderá ser considerado sustentável se não gerar benefícios sociais, econômicos e ambientais para os seus participantes. Diante desse contexto, esta dissertação buscar avaliar se a comercialização direta de produtos orgânicos pode ser uma alternativa para a geração de sustentabilidade aos agricultores familiares. Para que essa pergunta fosse respondida foi necessária à análise do comportamento do segmento orgânico alagoano, tendo como base de referência a Feira Agroecológica de Maceió e os agricultores familiares, com estabelecimentos menores que 5 hectares, articulados a esse ponto de venda varejista particular. Assim, essa pesquisa chegou à conclusão de que a agricultura orgânica é uma alternativa viável aos agricultores familiares, pois permite se alcançar a desejada sustentabilidade econômica, social e ambiental. A comercialização, todavia, é o principal fator limitante a consolidação e expansão desse segmento, em Alagoas. Sendo assim, cabe aos governantes fomentar esse segmento produtivo por meio de políticas específicas para a organocultura e por meio do fortalecimento do ambiente institucional. A fixação do homem no campo faz parte dessa necessidade e de todo um país, em busca de um modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável.
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Oliveira, Nilton Marques de. « Desenvolvimento regional do território do estado do Tocantins : implicações e alternativas ». Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2180.
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Previous issue date: 2015-11-12Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research analyzed the transition from the old northern Goiás State, Brazil, to the creation of the Tocantins State territory and its regional development context from 1990 to 2010. This study is based on the theoretical support of Raffestin on the concept of territorial development. In the first part, some historical elements of the old northern Goiás about the precarious situation of social and economic indicators are recovered, seeking to capture in time and space the creation of the Tocantins State and its integration into the regional and national economy. The second part addresses the regional development issues with the theoretical basis on Douglass North conceptions and completion of the discussion on regional economy using the authors as Christaller, Myrdal, Perroux and Hirschman. Analysis of observation and perception were used as methodology. The estimate of the Regional Development Index (RDI) and the method of regional analysis were used for the quantitative part, permeated by the side data of Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea) (Applied Economic Research Institute), Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) (Annual List of social Information), Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The technique of the Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) (Collective Subject Discourse) was used for qualitative part through questionnaires and interviews with key stakeholders. Estimating the Index of Regional Development (IRD), the result allows us to organize the municipalities according to their degree of dynamism. It is concluded in all analyzed periods that there are great social and economic inequalities among the one hundred thirty-nine municipalities of Tocantins State. However, the amount of stragglers economic base of municipalities is coming moderately reducing. It was found that the major employer is linked to state and local government. Nonetheless, the economy of Tocantins territory has increased its share in employment generation in the sectors of trade, services, manufacturing, construction, and agricultural branch of activity. The employment multiplier for the State of Tocantins increased from 4,76 in 2000 to 5,11 in 2010, i.e., the State has increased its capacity to generate employment in the primary sector to the non-basic sector of the economy. It was found also that the Belém-Brasília highway (BR-153) constitutes a regional development corridor. Nevertheless, there are great disparities and inequalities among the municipalities of Tocantins, considering one hundred and seventeen municipalities below the base maintenance polo; nineteen municipalities have base maintenance polo of specialization, and only three municipalities (Palmas, Gurupi, and Araguaína) present diversification base pole, i.e., they have more diversification and diffusion base.
Esta pesquisa analisou a transição do antigo norte de Goiás para criação do território Estado do Tocantins e a sua conjuntura do desenvolvimento regional entre 1990 e 2010. Partiu-se do aporte teórico de Raffestin sobre o conceito de desenvolvimento territorial. Na primeira parte recuperam-se alguns elementos históricos da antiga região norte de Goiás, mormente sobre as condições precárias dos indicadores sociais e econômicos, buscando captar no tempo e no espaço a criação do Estado do Tocantins e sua inserção na economia regional e nacional. Na segunda parte, tratou-se da problemática do desenvolvimento regional o aporte teórico partiu das concepções de Douglass North e complementando a discussão sobre econômica regional, foram trazidos autores como Christaller, Myrdal, Perroux e Hirschman. A metodologia aplicada foi a análise de observação e percepção. Na parte quantitativa, o instrumental utilizado foi a estimativa do Índice de Desenvolvimento Regional (IDR) e o método de análise regional. Permeados por dados secundários do Ipeadata, RAIS, IBGE e PNUD. Na parte qualitativa, utilizou-se a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), por meio de questionários e entrevista dos atores-chaves. Na estimativa do IDR, chegou-se a um resultado que permite ordenar os municípios conforme o grau de dinamicidade. Conclui-se que em todos os períodos analisados, há grandes desigualdades sociais e econômicas entre os municípios do Tocantins. No entanto, vem reduzindo moderadamente a quantidade de municípios de base econômica retardatários. Constatou-se que o grande empregador está vinculado ao poder público estadual e municipal. Todavia, a economia do território Tocantins tem aumentando sua participação na geração de emprego nos setores do comércio, do serviço, da indústria de transformação, da construção civil e do ramo de atividade da agropecuária. Estimando o multiplicador de emprego para o Estado do Tocantins, passou de 4, 76 em 2000, para 5, 11, em 2010, ou seja, o estado vem aumento sua capacidade de gerar emprego no setor básico para o setor não básico da economia do Tocantins. Constatou-se, também, que a rodovia Belém-Brasília (BR-153) se constitui num corredor de desenvolvimento regional. Contudo há grandes disparidades e desigualdades entre os municípios do Tocantins, onde 117 estão abaixo da base de polo de manutenção, dos 22 municípios, 19 têm base de polo de manutenção, de especialização, e apenas 3 (Palmas , Araguaína e Gurupi) apresenta polo de base de diversificação, ou seja, possui mais base de diversificação e difusão.
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Abrash, Walton Abigail Ph D. « Positive Organizational Leadership and Pro-Environmental Behavior : The Phenomenon of Institutional Fossil Fuel Divestment ». Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1464161682.
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