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1

Cavallo, Giorgio, Marisa Gariglio, Saverio Panico, and Santo Landolfo. "Regolazione delľ espressione genicain vivo da parte degli interferoni." Rendiconti Lincei 1, no. 1 (1990): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03001755.

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Betterle, Corrado, and Fabio Presotto. "Terapia con interferoni e autoimmunità organo-specifica: quali rischi e come gestire il paziente." L'Endocrinologo 11, no. 5 (2010): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03344741.

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Larsen, Thomas Stauffer, Michael Boe Møller, Karin de Stricker, et al. "Minimal Residual Disease and Normalization of the Bone Marrow after Long-Term Treatment with Alpha-Interferon2b in Polycythemia Vera. A Report on Seven Patients in Sustained Complete Hematological Remission with Major Molecular Responses." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.1744.1744.

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Abstract Background : Polycythemia vera (PV) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the presence of the JAK2V617 mutation in virtually all patients. Recently several studies have shown that the JAK2V617F mutational load decreases during treatment with alpha-interferon2 (1–6). Aim: To report on molecular and histomorphological bone marrow responses in seven PV patients with complete molecular remissions during and after long-term treatment with alpha-interferon 2b. Patients: Seven patients treated with alpha-interferon2b for a median of 84 months (range 31–120) are reported. I
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Zimring, James C., Stephen Goodbourn, and Margaret K. Offermann. "Human Herpesvirus 8 Encodes an Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) Homolog That Represses IRF-1-Mediated Transcription." Journal of Virology 72, no. 1 (1998): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.1.701-707.1998.

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ABSTRACT Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the probable viral etiologic agent for Kaposi’s sarcoma. The HHV-8 genome encodes viral interferon regulatory factor (vIRF), a gene product that has homology to the IRF family of transcription factors. We demonstrate that vIRF inhibits responses to type I and type II interferons and blocks IRF-1-mediated transcription. vIRF does not compete with IRF-1 for binding to DNA or complex directly with IRF-1. The ability of vIRF to block IRF-1-mediated transcription is independent of the DNA binding domains of both vIRF and IRF-1. These data suggest that vIRF ma
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Harris, Bethany D., Srilalitha Kuruganti, Ashlesha Deshpande, Paul A. Goepfert, W. Winn Chatham, and Mark R. Walter. "Characterization of Type-I IFN subtype autoantibodies and activity in SLE serum and urine." Lupus 29, no. 9 (2020): 1095–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203320935976.

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Background/objective Type-I interferons contribute to pathogenesis in systemic lupus erythematosus, including nephritis. Interferons consist of a family of 16 proteins yet are often characterized in patients without knowledge of the specific interferon subtypes involved. Different interferons may function in the kidneys, and other organs, relative to what is often measured in patient blood. Moreover, antibodies to interferons may potentially modulate systemic or organ-specific interferon activity. The aim of this study was to characterize global interferon activity levels and identify autoanti
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FNU, Hakim, Muhammed Altinoez Berk, and Ahmad Halim Husban. "Inhaled Interferon for Asthma Treatment (NR): A narrative review." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 19, no. 1 (2024): 290–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13789646.

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Although various therapeutic strategies, such as inhalant beta-2 agonists, corticosteroids, anti-leukotrienes, and even novel inclusion of active biological agents in the management of asthma have been established, as asthma is a global issue and chronic in nature, the search for potential new tools to the arsenal continues to this day. Remarkable progress has recently been achieved in identifying the pathophysiology and potential value of interferons (IFNs) in managing allergic asthma. This narrative review attempts to precisely demonstrate the possible use of inhalant IFNs in differing asthm
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Foley, John F. "Interfering with interferons." Science Signaling 9, no. 415 (2016): ec30-ec30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aaf4271.

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Wilks, J., and T. Golovkina. "Interfering with interferons." Science 347, no. 6219 (2015): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa5056.

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Mueller, K. L. "Interfering with Interferons." Science Signaling 6, no. 268 (2013): ec75-ec75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2004169.

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Simpson, S. "Interfering with Interferon." Science's STKE 2007, no. 376 (2007): tw81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/stke.3762007tw81.

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Polyak, Stephen J. "Interfering with interferon." Trends in Microbiology 7, no. 10 (1999): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(99)01592-9.

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Bucci, Mirella. "Interfering with Interferon." Nature Chemical Biology 10, no. 5 (2014): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.1511.

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Martz, Lauren. "Interfering with interferon." Science-Business eXchange 6, no. 16 (2013): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scibx.2013.381.

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MENKES, DAVID B., and JAMES A. MacDONALD. "Interferons, serotonin and neurotoxicity." Psychological Medicine 30, no. 2 (2000): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799001774.

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Background. Interferons are a class of cytokines profoundly affecting immune function. Several interferons are now synthesized and used clinically, notably for viral diseases and cancer. In addition to their desired immune effects, interferons cause a number of toxicities, including prominent effects on the nervous system.Methods. This literature review focused on the incidence of depression associated with interferon treatment. Possible neurochemical mechanisms and remedial strategies were also considered.Results. Interferon treatment, particularly with the alpha subtype, is unquestionably li
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Bojic, Ivanko, Ljubisa Dokic, and Svetlana Minic. "Effects of interferons on hepatitis C virus infection." Medical review 59, no. 9-10 (2006): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0610482b.

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Introduction. The consequences of hepatitis C virus infections (chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) are one of the major problems in clinical medicine. The persistence of infection in spite of high specific antibody titre suggests that the virus has the ability to "escape" the immunological response. Interferon therapy. Interferons are important components of the early host response to infection. They have antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activities. Many viruses have developed the ability to "annul" or alleviate the action of interferon by preven
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Chang, Xiaobo, Xibao Shi, Xiaozhuan Zhang, et al. "IFI16 Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 Replication in a MAVS-Dependent Manner in MARC-145 Cells." Viruses 11, no. 12 (2019): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121160.

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, and the current strategies for controlling PRRSV are limited. Interferon gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) has been reported to have a broader role in the regulation of the type I interferons (IFNs) response to RNA and DNA viruses. However, the function of IFI16 in PRRSV infection is unclear. Here, we revealed that IFI16 acts as a novel antiviral protein against PRRSV-2. IFI16 could be induced by interferon-beta (IFN-β). Overexpression of IFI16 could significantly suppress PRRSV-2 replic
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Sozaeva, L. S. "The new immunological methods for diagnostics of type 1 autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome." Problems of Endocrinology 61, no. 3 (2015): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl201561343-46.

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Type 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (type 1APS) is a rare genetic disease resulting from mutations in the AIRE gene. Diagnostics of this pathology is based not only on the results of genetic studies but also on the measurement of the level of antibodies against type 1 interferons, such as interferon-ω and interferon-α2. The present review of the literature is focused on type 1 interferons, anti-interferon antibodies, and pathophysiological characteristics of the processes induced by these antibodies.
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REVEL, MICHEL, ASHER ZILBERSTEIN, ROSE MARIA RUGGIERI, MENACHEM RUBINSTEIN та LUISA CHEN. "Autocrine Interferons and Interferon-β2". Journal of Interferon Research 7, № 5 (1987): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jir.1987.7.529.

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de Lemos, Livia Pires, Augusto Guerra, Ramon Pereira, et al. "OP40 First Case Of Disinvestment Using Real-World Evidence In Brazil." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317001349.

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INTRODUCTION:Beta-interferons are used as first-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Brazil. In order to evaluate the possible inferiority of one of the beta-interferons available and support a guideline update, we conducted an eleven-year (January 2000 to December 2010) nationwide real-world performance assessment using the Unified Health System (SUS) databases.METHODS:We assessed whether patients using subcutaneous beta-interferon switched treatment, relapsed or died (composite event) earlier than patients using intramuscular beta-interferons. Patients without a dispens
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Barinaga, M. "Immunology. Interfering with interferon." Science 259, no. 5102 (1993): 1693–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8456294.

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Smith, Geoffrey L., Julian A. Symons, and Antonio Alcamı́. "Poxviruses: Interfering with Interferon." Seminars in Virology 8, no. 5 (1998): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/smvy.1997.0145.

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Pilna, Hana, Vera Hajkova, Jarmila Knitlova, Jana Liskova, Jana Elsterova, and Zora Melkova. "Vaccinia Virus Expressing Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Induces Higher Protective Immune Responses against Lethal Poxvirus Challenge in Atopic Organism." Viruses 13, no. 10 (2021): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13101986.

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Vaccinia virus (VACV) is an enveloped DNA virus from the Orthopoxvirus family, various strains of which were used in the successful eradication campaign against smallpox. Both original and newer VACV-based replicating vaccines reveal a risk of serious complications in atopic individuals. VACV encodes various factors interfering with host immune responses at multiple levels. In atopic skin, the production of type I interferon is compromised, while VACV specifically inhibits the phosphorylation of the Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF-3) and expression of interferons. To overcome this block, w
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Gizinger, O. A. "Interferons and interferon therapy. Literature review." Terapevt (General Physician), no. 7 (May 19, 2021): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-12-2107-07.

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The article describes the types and biological characteristics of interferons, which are an integral part of the antiviral defense of the body. The possibilities of using interferons, interferon inducers in the complex treatment of acute respiratory viral infections are shown. The validity and possible risks of using interferon preparations for the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections are analyzed, taking into account information about their mechanisms of action.
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Nason-Burchenal, K., D. Gandini, M. Botto, et al. "Interferon augments PML and PML/RAR alpha expression in normal myeloid and acute promyelocytic cells and cooperates with all-trans retinoic acid to induce maturation of a retinoid-resistant promyelocytic cell line." Blood 88, no. 10 (1996): 3926–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.10.3926.bloodjournal88103926.

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The PML gene is fused to the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene (RAR alpha) in the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) 15; 17 translocation. PML is expressed in diverse tissues and cell lines and localized in the nucleus with a typical speckled pattern. In the bone marrow, it is preferentially expressed in myeloid cells. PML appears to be transcriptionally regulated by class I and II interferons, which raises the possibility that interferons modulate the function and growth and differentiation potential of normal myeloid cells and precursors by activating PML-dependent pathways. Similarly, inter
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Puoti, Massimo, Sergio Babudieri, Giovanni Rezza, et al. "Use of Pegylated Interferons is Associated with An Increased Incidence of Infections during Combination Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C: A Side Effect of Pegylation?" Antiviral Therapy 9, no. 4 (2004): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350400900417.

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Standard interferon treatment is known to increase the risk of infections; this risk also needs to be evaluated in clinical practice for pegylated interferon. To this end, we studied 255 patients treated with standard (103) or pegylated (152) interferon, in combination with ribavirin, for hepatitis C. Overall, 31 anti-hepatitis C virus treatment-related infections were observed. Neutropenia (neutrophil counts below 1x103 cells/ml) was observed in a significantly higher proportion of patients treated with pegylated interferons (48% vs 9%; P=0.0009). Of the 31 infections, eight were respiratory
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Hamilton, A. O., L. Jones, L. Morrison, and K. Whaley. "Modulation of monocyte complement synthesis by interferons." Biochemical Journal 242, no. 3 (1987): 809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2420809.

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Recombinant Escherichia coli-derived gamma-interferon has been shown to stimulate synthesis of the second component of complement (C2), factor B and C1 inhibitor, but to inhibit synthesis of the third component (C3). alpha- and beta-interferons stimulate synthesis of factor B and C3 inhibitor, inhibit C5 synthesis but do not alter synthesis of C2. alpha- and beta-interferons act synergistically with gamma-interferon to enhance both factor B and C1-inhibitor synthesis.
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Joyce, Margaret M., Robert C. Burghardt, Rodney D. Geisert, et al. "Pig Conceptuses Secrete Estrogen and Interferons to Differentially Regulate Uterine STAT1 in a Temporal and Cell Type-Specific Manner." Endocrinology 148, no. 9 (2007): 4420–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0505.

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Conceptus trophectoderm and uterine luminal epithelial cells interact via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine modulators to mediate pregnancy recognition and implantation. Pig conceptuses not only release estrogens for pregnancy recognition but also secrete interferons during implantation. Because interferon-stimulated genes are increased by interferons secreted for pregnancy recognition in ruminants, we asked whether the interferon-stimulated gene, STAT1, is up-regulated in pig endometrium by conceptus estrogens and/or interferons. STAT1 expression in response to day of pregnancy, estrogen in
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Aschacher, Thomas, Artem Krokhin, Irina Kuznetsova, et al. "Effect of the preparation Ingavirin® (imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid) on the interferon status of cells under conditions of viral infection." Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 21, no. 4 (2016): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/eid40907.

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Ingavirin® (imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid) is an original antiviral drug, which is used in Russia for treatment and profilaxis of influenza and other acute viral infections. We confirmed that imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid (IEPA), not being interferon inducer itself, enhances synthesis of both interferon-a/fi receptors (IFNAR) to interferone and cell sensitivity to interferone signalling, which was suppressed by NS1 protein - pathogen factor of influenza virus. IEPA is able to promote antiviral effector proteins PKR and MxA in infected cells, in opposition to interferon system
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Domeier, Phillip P., and Ziaur S. M. Rahman. "Regulation of B Cell Responses in SLE by Three Classes of Interferons." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (2021): 10464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910464.

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There are three classes of interferons (type 1, 2, and 3) that can contribute to the development and maintenance of various autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Each class of interferons promotes the generation of autoreactive B cells and SLE-associated autoantibodies by distinct signaling mechanisms. SLE patients treated with various type 1 interferon-blocking biologics have diverse outcomes, suggesting that additional environmental and genetic factors may dictate how these cytokines contribute to the development of autoreactive B cells and SLE. Understanding how
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Galik, P. K., J. A. Gard, T. S. Spencer та ін. "153 EFFECTS OF OVINE INTERFERON-β ON REPLICATION OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS AND BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, № 1 (2008): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab153.

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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) are the most commonly isolated viruses from abattoir-origin materials utilized in embryo production and known to associate with zona pellucida-intact (ZP-I) embryos after exposure and washing. Some evidence indicates that developing embryos may produce substances that are able to inhibit viral replication in adjacent cells. Interferons such as recombinant human interferon-α are known to have anti-BVDV activity but no effect against BHV-1. In some preliminary studies, bovine interferon-τ has shown antiviral activities against B
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Ramaswamy, Madhu, Raj Tummala, Katie Streicher, Andre Nogueira da Costa, and Philip Z. Brohawn. "The Pathogenesis, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential of the Interferon Pathway in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Autoimmune Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 20 (2021): 11286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011286.

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Therapeutic success in treating patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is limited by the multivariate disease etiology, multi-organ presentation, systemic involvement, and complex immunopathogenesis. Agents targeting B-cell differentiation and survival are not efficacious for all patients, indicating a need to target other inflammatory mediators. One such target is the type I interferon pathway. Type I interferons upregulate interferon gene signatures and mediate critical antiviral responses. Dysregulated type I interferon signaling is detectable in many patients with SLE and other a
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Lucivero, G. "The Interferons in Clinical Practice." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 5, no. 2 (1992): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463209200500203.

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In the last decade, recombinant DNA technologies have allowed the production of highly purified interferons in virtually unlimited amounts. Therefore it has become possible to evaluate the usefulness of interferon therapy in several different diseases. Nowadays interferons have a well defined role in the therapy of infectious and malignant diseases. As these natural modifiers of biological responses are widely available to the specialist and to the general practitioner as well, in the present paper we review the main biochemical properties and the molecular mechanisms underlying the heterogene
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Rogovaya, O. C., L. Sh Izmaylova, and O. O. Serbina. "Assessment of the antiproliferative effect of antiviral drugs." Infekcionnye bolezni 18, no. 2 (2020): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2020-2-48-56.

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Yum, Seoyun, Minghao Li, Yan Fang та Zhijian J. Chen. "TBK1 recruitment to STING activates both IRF3 and NF-κB that mediate immune defense against tumors and viral infections". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, № 14 (2021): e2100225118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100225118.

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The induction of type I interferons through the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is considered a major outcome of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation that drives immune responses against DNA viruses and tumors. However, STING activation can also trigger other downstream pathways such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and autophagy, and the roles of interferon (IFN)-independent functions of STING in infectious diseases or cancer are not well understood. Here, we generated a STING mouse strain with a mutation (S365A) that disrupts IRF3 binding and the
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Tiwari, R. K., J. Kusari, R. Kumar, and G. C. Sen. "Gene induction by interferons and double-stranded RNA: selective inhibition by 2-aminopurine." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 10 (1988): 4289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.10.4289-4294.1988.

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Transcription of several interferon-inducible human genes is also induced by double-stranded RNA. The nature and the mechanism of action of signals generated by interferons and by double-stranded RNA which mediate the induction of these genes are under investigation. Here we report that 2-aminopurine, a known inhibitor of protein kinases, could selectively block this induction process. Induction of mRNAs 561 and 6-16 in HeLaM cells by double-stranded RNA was completely inhibited by 10 mM 2-aminopurine, whereas cellular protein and RNA syntheses as well as the induction of metallothionein mRNA
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Tiwari, R. K., J. Kusari, R. Kumar, and G. C. Sen. "Gene induction by interferons and double-stranded RNA: selective inhibition by 2-aminopurine." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 10 (1988): 4289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.10.4289.

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Transcription of several interferon-inducible human genes is also induced by double-stranded RNA. The nature and the mechanism of action of signals generated by interferons and by double-stranded RNA which mediate the induction of these genes are under investigation. Here we report that 2-aminopurine, a known inhibitor of protein kinases, could selectively block this induction process. Induction of mRNAs 561 and 6-16 in HeLaM cells by double-stranded RNA was completely inhibited by 10 mM 2-aminopurine, whereas cellular protein and RNA syntheses as well as the induction of metallothionein mRNA
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Brzoska, Josef, Harald von Eick, and Manfred Hündgen. "Interferons in the Therapy of Severe Coronavirus Infections: A Critical Analysis and Recollection of a Forgotten Therapeutic Regimen with Interferon Beta." Drug Research 70, no. 07 (2020): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1170-4395.

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AbstractThe pharmacological and immunological properties of interferons, especially those of interferon beta, and the corresponding treatment strategies are described, and the results of studies with different interferons in coronavirus infections are analysed. Furthermore, the data obtained with high-dosed native interferon beta in life-threatening acute viral diseases as well as the results of clinical pilot studies with high-dosed recombinant interferon beta-1a are provided because they serve as the rationale for the proposed therapeutic regimen to be applied in acute viral infections. This
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Lokshina, E. E., V. V. Malinovskaya, O. V. Zaytseva, and S. U. Snitko. "Virus-induced asthma: how to achieve good disease control?" Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 15, no. 6 (2020): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2020-6-52-66.

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This article discusses the role of various respiratory viruses in the development of bronchial asthma and in triggering its exacerbation. It covers the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying virus-induced bronchial asthma and the importance of interferons for disease control. We summarized the results of international and Russian studies analyzing the utility of type 1 interferons for children and adults with virus-induced asthma exacerbations. Combination drugs containing recombinant α2b interferon plus α-tocopheryl acetate plus ascorbic acid have demonstrated their efficacy in the prevention and
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Fehér, János, and Gabriella Lengyel. "Interferon in the treatment of viral hepatitis. The interferon was discovered 50 years ago." Orvosi Hetilap 148, no. 33 (2007): 1539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2007.28194.

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Az interferonok heterogén összetételű glycoproteinek, melyeket a vírusfertőzés hatására, az immunválasz során, az élő sejtek termelnek. Felfedezésük éppen fél évszázaddal ezelőtt történt. Daganatellenes, antivirális és immunmoduláns hatásúak. A terápiában használatos interferonok görög betűkkel jelölt formái utalnak az eredetre: az interferon-alfa leukocita-eredetű, az interferon-béta fibroblastokból származó, az interferon-gamma pedig lymphocyta-eredetű immuninterferon. A humán gyógyászatban a természetes és rekombináns interferonokat egyaránt alkalmazzák. A polietilén-glikollal történő össze
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Pestka, Sidney, Christopher D. Krause, and Mark R. Walter. "Interferons, interferon-like cytokines, and their receptors." Immunological Reviews 202, no. 1 (2004): 8–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00204.x.

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Gun, Sin Yee, Carla Claser, Kevin Shyong Wei Tan, and Laurent Rénia. "Interferons and Interferon Regulatory Factors in Malaria." Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/243713.

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Malaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases in humans and responsible for approximately 500 million clinical cases and 500 thousand deaths annually. Acquired adaptive immune responses control parasite replication and infection-induced pathologies. Most infections are clinically silent which reflects on the ability of adaptive immune mechanisms to prevent the disease. However, a minority of these can become severe and life-threatening, manifesting a range of overlapping syndromes of complex origins which could be induced by uncontrolled immune responses. Major players of the innate a
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Samuel, Charles E., and Keiko Ozato. "Induction of interferons and interferon-induced genes." Biotherapy 8, no. 3-4 (1996): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01877203.

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Mazin, P. V., R. Kh Khafisyanova, N. K. Mazina, A. L. Kovalenko, and A. R. Askhadullin. "Meglumin acridonacetate to treat COVID-19: prospect of using." Infekcionnye bolezni 18, no. 4 (2020): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2020-4-42-52.

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The use of interferon drugs against COVID-19 is based on С level of evidence and analogies with efficacy against other coronaviruses. The interferon inductor meglumin acridonacetate (Cycloferon) has an advantageous safety profile and pharmaco-economic advantages, which makes it possible to consider its probable use against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, both the evidence of the effectiveness of interferons against coronaviruses and the arguments in favor of the effectiveness of Cycloferon against the same pathogens are systematized. The arguments of pharmacodynamic, biochemical, pathophysiologica
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Pisanelli, Giuseppe, Ugo Pagnini, Giuseppe Iovane, and Adolfo García-Sastre. "Type I and Type II Interferon Antagonism Strategies Used by Paramyxoviridae: Previous and New Discoveries, in Comparison." Viruses 14, no. 5 (2022): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14051107.

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Paramyxoviridae is a viral family within the order of Mononegavirales; they are negative single-strand RNA viruses that can cause significant diseases in both humans and animals. In order to replicate, paramyxoviruses–as any other viruses–have to bypass an important protective mechanism developed by the host’s cells: the defensive line driven by interferon. Once the viruses are recognized, the cells start the production of type I and type III interferons, which leads to the activation of hundreds of genes, many of which encode proteins with the specific function to reduce viral replication. Ty
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Popescu, L. M., C. Cernescu, I. I. Moraru, et al. "Cell-membrane phospholipase C is involved in inducing the antiviral effect of interferon." Bioscience Reports 9, no. 5 (1989): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01119795.

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A monospecific inhibitory antibody directed to phospholipase C (phosphoinositidase C) blocked the antiviral effect of human interferons alpha and beta when tested on human quiescent fibroblasts challenged with the vesicular stomatitis virus. This action was due to specific inhibition of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis because (a) the F(ab′)2 fragment of the antibody molecule was also inhibitory; (b) excess antibodies directed to phospholipase A2 and to a phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase C did not have any inhibitory effect, and (c) the combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-aceta
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Obar, Joshua J., Alayna Katherine Caffrey, Xi Wang, et al. "Mda5/MAVS signaling is essential for resistance against Aspergillus fumigatus." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (2018): 52.23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.52.23.

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Abstract Type I and III interferons act as important activators of antifungal neutrophil response in the lungs. The RIG-I like receptor (RLR) family, including RIG-I and Mda5, are cytosolic RNA sensors that signal through the MAVS adaptor in order to activate interferon responses against viruses. Whether the RLR family has broader effects on host immunity against other pathogen families remains to be fully explored. Herein we demonstrate that Mda5/MAVS signaling was essential for host resistance against pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus challenge through the regulation of antifungal leukocyte re
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Ahmad, Imran, Araceli Valverde, Hasan Siddiqui, Samantha Schaller, and Afsar R. Naqvi. "Viral MicroRNAs: Interfering the Interferon Signaling." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 4 (2020): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200109181238.

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Interferons are secreted cytokines with potent antiviral, antitumor and immunomodulatory functions. As the first line of defense against viruses, this pathway restricts virus infection and spread. On the contrary, viruses have evolved ingenious strategies to evade host immune responses including the interferon pathway. Multiple families of viruses, in particular, DNA viruses, encode microRNA (miR) that are small, non-protein coding, regulatory RNAs. Virus-derived miRNAs (v-miR) function by targeting host and virus-encoded transcripts and are critical in shaping host-pathogen interaction. The r
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Clynes, Raphael. "IVIG Therapy: Interfering with Interferon-γ". Immunity 26, № 1 (2007): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2007.01.006.

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Zlotorynski, Eytan. "Interfering with interferon by RNA editing." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 19, no. 3 (2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm.2018.12.

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Sun, Binggang, Patricia Lopes, and Shaoquan Ji. "New multiplex interferon panel for simultaneous quantification of 13 human cytokines involved in anti-virus responses (TECH3P.934)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (2015): 207.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.207.4.

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Abstract In response to pathogens, especially viruses, cells release interferons and other cytokines to fight the infections. Interferons are typically divided into three types: I (e.g., INF-α, IFN-β), II (e.g., IFN-γ), and III (e.g., IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2). All interferons are important for fighting viral infections and for regulating the immune system. In addition, interferons are critically involved in cancer and autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. Expression profiling of interferons and other related cytokines is critical in achieving a dee
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