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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Italy – Economic conditions – 1945- »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

Pinto, Luca. "Like Leaves in the Wind? Economic Conditions and Government Survival in Italy (1946–2015)." South European Society and Politics 23, no. 3 (2017): 341–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2017.1398626.

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Muhammad, Hoda Abdul Fattah, and Mahmoud Abdul Wahid Mahmoud Al-Qaisi. "Internal Conflicts and the Fall of the Italian Fascist Regime on July 1943." Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review 5, no. 3 (2025): e05941. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n03.pe05941.

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Objectives: The political system in Italy has experienced numerous fractures since 1943 due to various factors, including poor economic conditions and divisions within the fascist leadership, particularly following Italy's alliance with Germany in World War II. Methods: The study examines the internal and external pressures that threatened the fascist regime, focusing on political divisions, economic struggles, and the consequences of Italy’s involvement in the war. Analysis includes historical records and political agreements among fascist politicians. Results: The fascist regime faced growin

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Diakomihalis, Mihail. "The Role of Accounting in the Most Adverse Conditions of Life: The Diary of a P.O.W." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 13, no. 2 (2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2022-0016.

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The purpose of the paper is to reveal and demonstrate the importance of accounting in everyday life and particularly in the most adverse conditions of life, through the investigation of the diary of a Prisoner of War (P.O.W.). The author of the diary is a young individual who was an ex- WWII captive and consequently refugee in a concentration camp in Italy, in 1945, with elementary education but absolutely “illiterate” in accounting and economics issues. The handwritten diary of the P.O.W. is the core research evidence used, along with the existing literature regarding accounting in everyday l

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Tkacheva, Galina. "Contribution of the Far Eastern Region to the Victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War and the End of World War II." ISTORIYA, E21 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017328-9.

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In 1941—1945. The inviolability of the Far Eastern borders with limited human resources, a poorly developed system of communication links and a lack of financial resources was maintained using the country&apos;s socio-political and military-economic capabilities. The demographic situation determined the mobilization capabilities of the region, the imbalance between the number of urban and rural residents, the personnel potential of military-industrial and civilian enterprises has increased, the problem of labor resources has become aggravated. The deployment of a military contingent in the

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Stiaccini, Carlo. "A different perspective and an overlooked source on migratory routes from Italy to South America: microcosms of men and women and economic macrocosms (1885-1915)." MONDI MIGRANTI, no. 3 (November 2024): 185–205. https://doi.org/10.3280/mm2024-010.

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The article analyzes aspects of social history during the migratory flows between Italy and South America between the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century, drawing in particular on newly disclosed archival records. Contrary to research about the transatlantic mass exodus from other countries at the turn of the twentieth century, the travel experience has rarely and only recently received scholarly attention in studies about Italian migration. The aim of this new study perspective is to understand the complexities of individuals, interests and cultures, which, with different roles an

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Viñas, Ángel. "THE UPRISING OF JULY 1936 AND INTERNATIONAL GANGSTERISM OF THE FASCIST ITALY." Latin-American Historical Almanac 32, no. 1 (2021): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2021-32-1-78-90.

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The origin of the civil war is a central theme in the history of Spain in the 20th century and has given rise to intense debates. In the author's opinion, it was the result of the combination of structural conditions (economic and social underdevelopment, accelerated modernization pro-cess, resistance to it), all necessary, but not sufficient. The latter were determined by two factors: the existence of a conspiracy against the Spanish Republic since its very advent in 1931 and the inability of the republican governments to effectively cut it off in 1936. They did not know how to do so despite

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Lucchi, Elena, and Anna Caterina Delera. "Enhancing the Historic Public Social Housing through a User-Centered Design-Driven Approach." Buildings 10, no. 9 (2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10090159.

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The study presents a didactic experience for the deep refurbishment and the revitalization of the San Siro neighborhood in Milan (Italy). The public housing is a significative example of the 20th-century architecture (also named “Italian Modernism of Architecture”), designed by the Italian architects—Franco Albini, Renato Camus, Giancarlo Palanti, and Laslo Kovacs (1938–1941). Nowadays, it is a multicultural area, characterized by the presence of a fragile population, with strong socio-spatial inequalities, intercultural and intergenerational conflicts. Here, an architectural design project is

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Ferro, Giorgia. "Assessment of Major and Minor Events that Occurred in Italy during the Last Century Using a Disaster Severity Scale Score." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20, no. 5 (2005): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00002776.

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AbstractIntroduction:Epidemiological research about disasters is difficult to perform. Most often, it must be completed retrospectively, since data collection may not be feasible or possible during the disaster.Now, there is a recognized need for a standard method to assess the severity of a disaster.Objectives:The aim of this paper is to assess the severity of the disasters that occurred in Italy during the 20th century, using a Disaster Severity Scale (DSS). Another goal is to find a standard method for the classification of previous disasters, test the feasibility and reliability of the use

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Garibaldi, A., A. Minuto, and M. L. Gullino. "First Report of White Mold Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Iberis sempervirens in Italy." Plant Disease 91, no. 4 (2007): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-4-0464c.

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Iberis sempervirens (candytuft) is an ornamental plant that thrives in cool conditions, and its growth as a potted plant has been increasing in Liguria (northern Italy). In the spring of 2004, extensive chlorosis was observed on 10-month-old potted plants of I. sempervirens grown in a plastichouse on a commercial farm near Albenga in northern Italy. Initial symptoms included stem necrosis at the soil level and darkening of leaves. As stem and foliar necrosis progressed, infected plants wilted and died. Wilt occurred within a few days on young plants, characterized by the presence of soft, wate

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Garibaldi, A., D. Bertetti, M. T. Amatulli, J. Cardinale, and M. L. Gullino. "First Report of Postharvest Fruit Rot in Avocado (Persea americana) Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in Italy." Plant Disease 96, no. 3 (2012): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-11-0886.

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Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is grown in some areas of southern Italy. In spring 2011, a previously unknown rot was observed on fruit that was marketed in Torino (northern Italy). The decayed area started from the stalk, appeared irregular and soft, and was surrounded by a dark brown margin. The internal decayed area appeared rotten, brown, and surrounded by bleached tissue. Fragments (approximately 3 mm) were taken from the margin of the internal diseased tissues, cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at temperatures between 21 and 25°C under alternating conditions of ligh

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Qiu, Xuelai. "An Analysis of the Reasons for the Prosperity and Development of Italian Economy in 1950s and Early 1960s." BCP Business & Management 24 (August 10, 2022): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v24i.1529.

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Europe was in ruins after the end of World War II in 1945. Italy, on the other hand, pulled itself out of the hole and achieved the pinnacle of its economic development in just two decades, which is known as an economic miracle. The purpose of this article is to explore the reasons why Italy was able to turn the situation around and make its economy flourish when almost all European countries were in development difficulties after the second World War. Based on the analysis of the economic development in the 1950s and early 1960s, combined with the economic development measures adopted at that

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Granata, Mattia. "The economic policies of Italian social democracy in the post-war period (1945–1962)." Modern Italy 20, no. 2 (2015): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2015.1028347.

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In post-war Italy, ‘reformism’ has been ignored by many, wished for by some, and pursued by only a few. While it was a beacon for the major progressive political forces of Western countries, in Italy this idea was for a long time considered an ‘impossible’ vision. Even when there have been attempts to trace its development, explain the reasons for its failure, or reassess some of its merits, it has been sought everywhere except where it should actually be located: within those parties which defined themselves and considered themselves reformist, for example within the social democrat tradition

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Galassi, Giuseppe. "Obituary Richard Victor Alvarus Mattessich." De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 16, no. 2 (2019): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v16i2.360.

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Was born in 1922 in Trieste, Italy, and died on September 30, 2019 in Vancouver, Canada. He grew up in Vienna, graduating with a Dr. rer.pol. in 1945, Degree of Doctor of Economic Sciences, Hochschule fur Welthandel, nowadays Wirtschaftsuniversitat Wien, Economic University of Vienna. He had the following academic positions: fellow of the Austrian Institute of Economic Research, Vienna (1945-47); lecturer at the Rosenberg College (St. Gallen, 1947-52); then he emigrated to Canadà, where he became professor of commerce and economics and Department Head of Commerce at Mt. Allison University (Sac

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Cardil, Adrián, Giuseppe Mariano Delogu, and Domingo Miguel Molina-Terrén. "FATALITIES IN WILDLAND FIRES FROM 1945 TO 2015 IN SARDINIA (ITALY)." CERNE 23, no. 2 (2017): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201723022266.

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ABSTRACT The worst outcome of wildland fires is the loss of human lives, a recurrent phenomenon over the last few decades in Sardinia, Europe and worldwide. This work analyzes all recorded fatalities in wildland fires in Sardinia from 1945 to 2015 and trends in terms of annual number of fatalities. This time period was split due to legal and socioeconomic changes periods (1945-1975; 1976-2000; 2001-2015). We classified accident types during wildland fires to study the most frequent causes of fatalities and how they were related 1) to involved human groups (professional firefighters, auxiliary

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CHUMIŃSKI, Jędrzej. "Socio-economic conditions of strikes in Poland in 1945-1948." Central European Papers 6, no. 1 (2019): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25142/cep.2018.001.

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Escudero, David. "Il problema dell’alloggio : la contribución de Adalberto Libera a la vivienda moderna en Italia durante la década de 1940 = Il problema dell’alloggio : Adalberto Libera’s contribution to modern housing in Italy during the 1940s." Cuaderno de Notas, no. 21 (July 31, 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/cn.2020.4477.

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ResumenEs relativamente poco conocida la componente teórica del trabajo que realizó Adalberto Libera como Director de la oficina técnica del programa estatal de vivienda INA-Casa, un cargo que desempeñó desde la aprobación del plan en 1949 hasta 1951. Este programa, el más ambicioso en Italia tras la guerra, terminaría construyendo más de 350.000 hogares durante sus 14 años de funcionamiento siguiendo, en buena medida, las directrices iniciales marcadas por Libera en un momento clave para la asimilación de los tipos de vivienda moderna en Italia. Aún menos conocido es el profuso trabajo sobre

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Carmichael, Calum M. "Economic Conditions and the Popularity of the Incumbent Party in Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 23, no. 4 (1990): 713–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900020813.

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AbstractThis study measures the effects of macroeconomic conditions upon the popularity of the incumbent party in Canadian federal general elections from 1945 to 1988. In so doing it uses a model similar to the retrospective voting models used in electoral studies in the United States. The results suggest that for the elections from 1945 to 1972, bad economic conditions preceding the election benefited the incumbent party. For the elections from 1974 to 1988, these effects were diminished or reversed. Such results have precedents in separate studies that use Canadian poll data. However, they c

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ANNALISA, BUSETTA. "Foreigners in Italy: economic living conditions and unmet medical needs." Genus 71, no. 2-3 (2015): 157–75. https://doi.org/10.4402/genus-689.

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Foreigners in Italy experience specific inequalities in health and in access to health care that overlap with existing geographical disparities. In this study we aim to compare the effects of living conditions on self-perceived unmet medical needs among foreigners living in Italy. In particular, we test several measures of living conditions, and assess whether these measures affect foreigners differently depending on their nationality. The data used for the analysis are from the Italian Special Survey of Income and Living Conditions carried out on households with foreigners in 2009.

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Behar, Joseph. "Diplomacy and Essential Workers: Official British Recruitment of Foreign Labor in Italy, 1945–1951." Journal of Policy History 15, no. 3 (2003): 324–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2003.0015.

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The recruitment of about seven thousand Italian migrant workers by the postwar British Labour government is an interesting study in the use of foreign labor recruitment as a diplomatic policy. Foreign labor recruitment has generally been regarded as primarily an economic policy, with political ramifications entering into the picture in the form of domestic issues around integration, racism, labor relations and so on. However, the various British schemes to recruit Italian migrant workers from 1945 to 1951, and the discussion around the movement of migrant workers in postwar Europe carried on i

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Prodan, Larisa. "Women Migrants in Italy: A Double Peripherality." Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 9, no. 1 (2023): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2023.15.10.

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After the fall of the communist regime, the economic migration increased significantly within the Romanian society, as people were seeking higher conditions of life in western countries. Being a major social phenomenon, the economic migration became a fre

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Niebuhr, Robert. "Enlarging Yugoslavia: Tito's Quest for Expansion, 1945–1948." European History Quarterly 47, no. 2 (2017): 284–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691416688174.

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When Yugoslav strongman Josip Broz Tito secured power at the end of the Second World War, he had envisioned for himself a new Yugoslavia that would serve as the center of power for the Balkan Peninsula. First, he worked to ensure a Yugoslav presence in the Trieste region of Italy and southern Austria as a way to gain territory inhabited by Slovenes and Croats; meanwhile, his other foreign policy escapades sought to make Yugoslavia into a major European power. To that end, Yugoslav agents quickly worked to synchronize the Albanian socio-economic and political systems through their support of Al

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Segreto, Luciano, and Ben Wubs. "Resistance of the Defeated: German and Italian Big Business and the American Antitrust Policy, 1945–1957." Enterprise & Society 15, no. 2 (2014): 307–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/khu001.

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The article addresses the question to what extent American antitrust policy in Germany and Italy during the 1950s, was a success or not. Did these nations adopt this policy, did they adapt themselves to it, or did they completely reject it? By a detailed comparison of these two big European nations, Germany and Italy—both defeated powers of the Second World War, and both therefore strongly dependent on postwar American aid—the effects of the American antitrust policy will be analyzed. Eventually, the Germans better adapted, after initial resistance of German big business, to the American plans

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Bondarenko, Svetlana. "Altai Sugar Beet Trust in 1941–1945: Operational Challenges, Economic Practices." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 26, no. 1 (2025): 29–48. https://doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2025.26(1).29-48.

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This article examines the primary areas of activity of the Altai Sugar Beet Trust during the Great Patriotic War. Based on consolidated annual reports of the trust, the study analyzes the operational features and challenges the trust faced under wartime conditions. The article assesses data on planned gross production targets and their actual fulfillment. It is concluded that the war disrupted the progressive development of the Altai sugar industry, leading to a sharp decline in beet and sugar production, with the crisis peaking in 1944. The study identifies several adverse factors affecting t

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Carter, Erin Baggott. "Diversionary cheap talk: economic conditions and US foreign policy rhetoric, 1945-2010." International Interactions 46, no. 2 (2019): 163–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2020.1688319.

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Brown, Judith C. "Prosperity or Hard Times in Renaissance Italy?" Renaissance Quarterly 42, no. 4 (1989): 761–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2862281.

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Thirty-five years ago Robert Lopez, by his own description, “narrowly escaped lynching” at the hands of non-economic historians for proposing that economic depression was a fundamental cause of the cultural outpouring of the Renaissance (Lopez, 1953). Several years later, Lopez took heart that, despite “their occasional retard,” cultural historians were coming round to his view (Lopez and Miskimin, 408-09). Today, the situation is nearly reversed. A growing number of economic historians no longer subscribe to the depression thesis while most non-economic historians do. I will not speculate abo

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Bukowczyk, Piotr. "Muzułmanie w Polskich Siłach Zbrojnych na Zachodzie." Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne 27 (February 20, 2020): 182–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1643-0328.27.12.

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Muslims in the Polish Armed Forces in the WestThe Polish Armed Forces in the West had already begun to be formed in France in September 1939. From the beginning not only Roman Catholics but also representatives of different religious minorities living in the Second Republic of Poland joined it. In the Second Polish Corps in Italy, commanded by General Władysław Anders, 36 Muslims were serving in September 1945. At least 3 persons belonging to other military units of the Polish Armed Forces in the West were Muslims. In the text, I try to give as far as possible, the full economic and social cha

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Thomas, Teresa Fava. "Italian Diaspora in a Massachusetts Mill Town: Migration between Palestrina (Lazio), Italy, and Southbridge, Massachusetts." Diasporic Italy: Journal of the Italian American Studies Association 1 (October 1, 2021): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/27697738.1.1.024.

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Abstract This article offers a transnational examination of the Italian diaspora community from Palestrina, Lazio, in Southbridge, Massachusetts between 1900 and 1945 that addresses the impact of education on the economic empowerment of Italian immigrants. Due to the labor shortage in the area, the assimilation of Italians was more effective and second-generation Italians remained in the public school system longer. This combination of factors created more economic mobility for both foreign-born and second-generation Southbridge Italians. Factors that contributed to this unique circumstance in

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Bozzi, Paolo. "Economic Cultures and Debates on Taxation in Italy after World War II: 1943–1948." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 62, no. 2 (2021): 443–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2021-0016.

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Abstract This contribution analyses the change in the conception of taxation which occurred in Italy during the aftermath of World War II. From being a neutral mechanism to collect state revenue, in this period taxation became seen as a powerful political tool to redistribute income and wealth. The article primarily relies on material collected by the Economic Commission of the Ministry for the Constituent Assembly set up in 1945, a unique source which offers a comprehensive overview of the different conceptions of taxation at the time. Drawing upon their different economic and political ideol

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Bragato, P. L. "Past Economic Conditions Affect the Reconstruction of the Seismic History of Italy." Seismological Research Letters 89, no. 6 (2018): 2404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220180129.

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TOYE, RICHARD. "THE LABOUR PARTY'S EXTERNAL ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE 1940s." Historical Journal 43, no. 1 (2000): 189–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x9900881x.

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This article challenges the view that, in accepting the 1945 American loan and its attendant commitments to international economic liberalization, the Labour party easily fell in behind the Atlanticist approach to post-war trade and payments. It is suggested instead that Labour's sometimes seemingly paradoxical behaviour in office was driven, not only by the very tough economic conditions it faced, but also by a fundamental contradiction inherent in its desire to ‘plan’ at both domestic and international levels. This contradiction – the ‘planning paradox’ – is explored with reference to pre-wa

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Loveless, Matthew, and Chiara Binelli. "Economic Expectations and Satisfaction with Democracy: Evidence from Italy." Government and Opposition 55, no. 3 (2018): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.31.

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AbstractIn this article, we argue that individuals’ expectations about their future economic prospects are a crucial missing determinant of their degree of satisfaction with democracy. To investigate this link, we collected an original, nationally representative data set on young skilled unemployed Italians using the innovative quantitative expectations data methodology (Manski 2004). Controlling for current local labour market conditions with administrative province-level data and for a rich array of individual-level determinants, we show that those expecting greater job insecurity and instab

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Пасс, Андрей Аркадьевич. "Litigation Related to Economic Offences During Great Patriotic War." ЖУРНАЛ ПРАВОВЫХ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26163/gief.2020.38.60.019.

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В статье с позиции неоинституционального подхода затрагивается актуальная проблема организации судебных слушаний по уголовным делам, относящимся к категории «хозяйственных». Впервые в научной литературе описаны условия, в которых приходилось проводить заседания в период 1941 - 1945 гг. Приведены сведения об образовании и стаже работы судей, их материально-бытовом обустройстве. Воспроизведена процессуальная сторона принятия решений в отношении расхитителей государственной собственности. Уделено внимание исполнению вынесенных приговоров. Автором сделан вывод о том, что реализация действовавших з

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Matray, James I. "Development Delayed: U.S. Economic Policy in Occupied Korea, 1945–1948." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 10, no. 1-2 (2001): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656101793645579.

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AbstractOn 9 September 1945, U.S. military forces landed at Inchon to begin American occupation of southern Korea. For almost three years thereafter, a U.S. military government under the command of Lieutenant General John R. Hodge was responsible for civil affairs south of the 38th parallel. Its policies resulted in delaying Korea's economic development. Early in World War II, the U.S. government had begun preparations for the postwar administration of military government and civil affairs. At first, the focus was on Germany and its occupied territories, but during 1944, training began for 1,5

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Kozyakova, Nataliya S. "NATIONALIZATION OF BANKS AND INDUSTRY IN AUSTRIA IN 1945–1946." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2020-4-64-76.

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The article gives the analysis of post-war nationalization in Austria. Nationalization was carried out in the interests of the big capital. This was applied both to the methods and forms of economic management in the nationalized sector, and to the methods and forms of management that were directly carried out by large monopolists and their protégés. Austria’s monopolies exercised full power in the country and used the public sector to the maximum extent possible to strengthen their financial, political and economic dominance, to increase their own profits by redistributing the national income

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Cascaldi-Garcia, Danilo, Thiago R. T. Ferreira, Domenico Giannone, and Michele Modugno. "Back to the Present: Learning about the Euro Area through a Now-casting Model." International Finance Discussion Paper 2021, no. 1312 (2021): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/ifdp.2021.1313.

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We build a model for simultaneously now-casting economic conditions in the euro area and its three largest member countries|Germany, France, and Italy. The model formalizes how market participants and policymakers monitor the euro area by incorporating all market moving indicators in real time. We find that area wide and country-specific data provide informative signals to now-cast the economic conditions in the euro area and member countries. The model provides accurate predictions of economic conditions in real time over a period that covers the past three recessions.

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Arundhati, Gautama Budi, Samuel Saut Martua Samosir, and Ratih Listyana Chandra. "Urgensi Legislasi Pelaksanaan mandat UUD 1945 Mengantisipasi ASEAN Economic Community 2015." Jurnal Konstitusi 11, no. 2 (2016): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk1127.

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Societal welfare is the achievement that should be supported by Government which essentialy has the obligation for the societal welfare through the arrangements within the scope of authority under the mandate of the preamble and articles of the Indonesian Constitution of 1945 and relevant laws. The mandate of ASEAN Charter, which was ratified by House of Representative by Law Number 38 of 2008 concerning Ratification of the Charter of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is not an opponent of the Constitution of 1945 in terms of societal welfare, as long as the legislation is implemente

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Siregar, Kristian. "JUDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN THE LAKE TOBA NATIONAL STRATEGIC TOURISM AREA IN OF FROM PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO.81 OF 2014 CONCERNING SPATIAL PLAN FOR THE LAKE TOBA AREA AND LAW NO.11 OF 2005 CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC,SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS." Transnational Business Law Journal 3, no. 1 (2022): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/transbuslj.v3i1.1391.

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The ideals of the Indonesian nation as stated in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution require that the general welfare be realized. To realize these ideals, human rights, in this case economic rights, are one of the indicators used as a basis for implementing a program, decision or regulation. Economic rights are generally described as rights related to the conditions of existence and welfare in terms of owning and utilizing something for their survival. The status of economic rights in the 1945 Constitution and Law No.11 of 2005 places economic rights as rights that must be protected, respec

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Korner, Heiko. "International Labour Migration - Theoretical Considerations and Evidence from the Experience of the Mediterranean Sending Countries." Pakistan Development Review 26, no. 4 (1987): 723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v26i4pp.723-734.

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Immediately after the end of the Second World War in 1945, most observers expected that under the pressure of thousands of displaced persons in Western Europe, traditional migration streams between Europe, on the one side, and the countries of North and South America and Oceania, on the other, would be revived. But soon this proved to be a misconception: not only were most of the refugees, but also a considerable part of the working population of southern Europe (mainly from Italy) and Algeria were absorbed by the rapidly expanding labour markets of the countries of North-Western Europe. When

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Della Posta, Pompeo, Enrico Marelli, and Marcello Signorelli. "COVID-19, Economic Policies and Public Debt Sustainability in Italy." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (2022): 4691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084691.

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We analyze the conditions for public debt-to-GDP ratio stability extending the Domar’s approach by including the interaction between the government’s reaction function and the private sector’s reaction function, and considering the impact of 2020–2021 pandemic shock and the monetary and fiscal policy responses, with simulations applied to the Italian case. The outcomes of the numerical simulations show the crucial importance of ECB extraordinary monetary policies, of the NGEU and, to lesser extent, of national expansionary fiscal policies adopted during pandemic shock; both European wide monet

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Rakonjac, Aleksandar. "Implementacija sovjetskih ekonomskih metoda u jugoslovensku privredu: industrija i rudarstvo (1945−1947)." Tokovi istorije 29, no. 2 (2021): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31212/tokovi.2021.2.rak.65-86.

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The end of the Second World War in Yugoslavia opened a number of issues related to the organization of the economy. Regarding the concept of building the economy and society, the Yugoslav communists had a clear vision of the future structure even before the end of the war. Strong political reliance on the Soviet Union, determined by the war alliance and ideological closeness, decisively influenced the choice of the economic model that was to be implemented in Yugoslavia. The transition to the Soviet-type command economy, with the aim of mastering and applying Soviet experiences in Yugoslav con

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Peruginelli, Ginevra. "Legal Information on the Web: the Case of Italy." International Journal of Legal Information 34, no. 2 (2006): 327–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500001505.

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Accessing legal information is a primary requirement for a variety of communities: ordinary citizens, scholars, and professionals. The dissemination of legal information contributes to the rule of law and to the overall ideals of democracy in a number of ways. Many are the benefits of accessing legal information, such as the awareness of the applicable rule of law, the creation of conditions necessary to the equality and fairness of a legal system, while improving the functioning of democratic institutions, the development and improvement of social and economic conditions.

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Mascitelli, Bruno, and Julie Gerstman. "Italy’s Readiness for the 1998 Euro in View of the Country’s Declining Competitiveness." European Review 16, no. 1 (2008): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798708000033.

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In the 2006 Italian election campaign, then Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi popularised a widely held view about the negative role of the euro for the Italian economy. This view had initially originated with the secessionist Northern Leagues. More recently, it had come to reflect the view of more moderate political players too. In the campaign Berlusconi ridiculed his contender, and the ultimate victor of the elections, Romano Prodi, for having accepted the ‘unfair Lira pegging’ to the euro in 1998. These claims reflect an ongoing debate about whether the adoption of the euro caused or even s

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Tronconi, Filippo. "Ethno-regionalist Parties in Regional Government: Multilevel Coalitional Strategies in Italy and Spain." Government and Opposition 50, no. 4 (2014): 578–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2014.30.

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In the last few decades, ethno-regionalist parties have become leading players in many regional political systems across Europe. This increased representation has opened up new strategic opportunities for these parties, and in particular it has offered them the chance to participate in regional government. Based on a newly compiled data set of 282 governmental formations in Italian and Spanish regions during the period 1945–2011, this study develops and tests several hypotheses regarding the governmental participation of ethno-regionalist parties at regional level. These have been partly drawn

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Vopilovskiy, S. S. "GREAT VICTORY ECONOMY: ARCTIC INDUSTRY DURING THE 1941–1945 WAR." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 6 (2020): 1115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-6-1115-1128.

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The study presents the activities of the leading industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation Arctic zone during the Great Patriotic War. The mechanism of restructuring civilian industrial enterprises of Murmansk on a war footing in difficult climatic, economic and psychological conditions of war is analyzed. The official documents that marked the beginning of the anti-Hitler coalition were examined. The social composition of the population of the Kola Peninsula has been determined. The heroic work of Murmansk residents at the main industrial enterprises of the city is presented. The role

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Berto, Patrizia, and Mario Eandi. "Pharmacologic and economic differentiation of drugs for RA in Italy." Reviews in Health Care 3, no. 3 (2012): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.20133153-178.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive and degenerative illness, which affects about 0.5% of the adult population with significant social costs. In Italy there are approximately 300,000 people with RA, with twice as many women than men. RA causes progressive deformity and disability and is associated with numerous co-morbid conditions that reduce the life expectancy of 5-10 years. The costs of RA have a serious impact on the entire community, especially in terms of disability, hospitalization and medical care. In Italy has been estimated that cost of illness could reach about 1,60

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Berto, Patrizia, and Mario Eandi. "Pharmacologic and economic differentiation of drugs for RA in Italy." Reviews in Health Care 3, no. 3 (2012): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.v3i3.201.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive and degenerative illness, which affects about 0.5% of the adult population with significant social costs. In Italy there are approximately 300,000 people with RA, with twice as many women than men. RA causes progressive deformity and disability and is associated with numerous co-morbid conditions that reduce the life expectancy of 5-10 years. The costs of RA have a serious impact on the entire community, especially in terms of disability, hospitalization and medical care. In Italy has been estimated that cost of illness could reach about 1,60

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Dwi Istinah, Siti Rodhiyah, Sri Kusriyah, and Rakhmat Bowo Suharto. "THE HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IN THE ECONOMIC AFFAIRS OF INDONESIA." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 8, no. 2 (2021): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v8i2.12824.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the protection of human rights in the economic sector for citizens to be able to enjoy a socially just economic development as well as to analyze and explain the challenges and obstacles in protecting human rights in the economic sector in an effort to realize social justice in the Constitution 1945. important in the constitution which gave birth to the concept of protecting human rights in the economic sector, which was initiated by the founding fathers, regarding Indonesian socialism. Hatta's idea was in line with Soekarno's thinking as "In

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Murgante, Beniamino, Giuseppe Borruso, Ginevra Balletto, Paolo Castiglia, and Marco Dettori. "Why Italy First? Health, Geographical and Planning Aspects of the COVID-19 Outbreak." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 5064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125064.

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COVID-19 hit Italy in February 2020 after its outbreak in China at the beginning of January. Why was Italy first among the Western countries? What are the conditions that made Italy more vulnerable and the first target of this disease? What characteristics and diffusion patterns could be highlighted and hypothesized from its outbreak to the end of March 2020, after containment measures, including a national lockdown, were introduced? In this paper, we try to provide some answers to these questions, analyzing the issue from medical, geographical and planning points of view. With reference to th

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Addabbo, Tindara, Rosa María García-Fernández, Carmen María Llorca-Rodríguez, and Anna Maccagnan. "A microsimulation model to measure the impact of the economic crisis on household income." International Journal of Manpower 37, no. 3 (2016): 474–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-06-2014-0125.

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Purpose – The current economic crisis has significantly increased unemployment, showing higher persistence than expected. However, since microdata from household surveys are issued with delay, they do not allow a prompt analysis of the impact of the economic cycle on households’ living conditions. The purpose of this paper is to propose a microsimulation methodology to achieve an evaluation of the impact of economic shocks in terms of household’s living conditions to guide policy makers. Design/methodology/approach – The microsimulation technique developed in this paper is based on a nowcastin

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Ahsan, Fikri, Wahyu Andrianto, Djarot Dimas Achmad Andaru, and Mohamad Mohamad Hanapi. "The Postponed Regional Head Elections in Emergency Situations: a Constitutional Democracy Perspective in Indonesia." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 12, no. 2 (2023): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v12i2.64638.

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<p>The postponement of regional head elections may be done when the country is declared in a state of emergency. Emergencies such as war, economic crises, disease epidemics, and natural disasters affect the constitutional rights of citizens regulated by the 1945 Constitution. Therefore, legal instruments are needed to avoid unconstitutionality in fulfilling constitutional rights and democratic values during emergencies or dangers, including postponing regional elections during the COVID-19 pandemic. Article 12 of the 1945 Constitution is the most relevant legal basis for activating emerg

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