Articles de revues : « Justice, Administration of – Congo (Democratic Republic) »

1

Mollel, Andrew. « Judicial Settlement of Armed Conflicts in International Law : Reflecting the 2005 International Court of Justice Decision in the Democratic Republic of Congo ». Nordic Journal of International Law 76, n^o 4 (2007) : 407–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/090273507x249219.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

AbstractThe duty of states to settle their disputes peacefully and in accordance with international law is emphasized in a number of important provisions enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations (UN) and state practices. Adjudication is one among a range of existing means of pacific settlement of disputes. This article analyzes the role of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in pacific settlement of international disputes. It critically examines judicial settlement of armed conflicts, taking the ICJ decision in the Case Concerning Armed Activities in the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo v. Uganda) as a focal point. The main argument of the author is that while the adjudicatory role of the ICJ as the principal judicial organ of the UN is a crucial method in the pacific settlement of international disputes, it is unlikely to suit armed conflicts situations. Jurisdictional limitations of the ICJ in adjudication of armed conflicts situations is pointed out. The article points to the preclusion of the Court from adjudicating the other cases brought by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) against Rwanda and Burundi as an illustration of such limitations. It, however, stresses that the very outcome of the 2005 ICJ decision in the Democratic Republic of Congo v. Uganda case is another clear example of such shortcomings. Without getting into detailed discussions of theories of compliance with international law, the article further discusses the question of compliance with the current ICJ decision in the light of previous state practices. Since there are no established enforcement mechanisms in the international system akin to those in national legal systems, the question whether decisions of international judicial bodies (the ICJ in this case) are complied with remains at the mercy of condemned states. In the final analyses, the author points to the current weaknesses and limitations of the international legal system as a whole in the administration of justice.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Augustinus, Clarissa, et Ombretta Tempra. « Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration in Violent Conflict Settings ». Land 10, n^o 2 (1 février 2021) : 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020139.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

According to the United Nations (UN) Refugee Agency, there were 79.5 million forcibly displaced people worldwide by the end of 2019. Evictions from homes and land are often linked to protracted violent conflict. Land administration (LA) can be a small part of UN peace-building programs addressing these conflicts. Through the lens of the UN and seven country cases, the problem being addressed is: what are the key features of fit-for-purpose land administration (FFP LA) in violent conflict contexts? FFP LA involves the same LA elements found in conventional LA and FFP LA, and LA in post conflict contexts, as it supports peace building and conflict resolution. However, in the contexts being examined, FFP LA also has novel features as well, such as extra-legal transitional justice mechanisms to protect people and their land rights and to address historical injustices and the politics of exclusion that are the root causes of conflict. In addition, there are land governance and power relations’ implications, as FFP LA is part of larger UN peace-building programs. This impacts the FFP LA design. The cases discussed are from Darfur/Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Honduras, Iraq, Jubaland/Somalia, Peru and South Sudan.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

Jacqueline Kangu Kobe, Placide Makwa Mbulola, Gédéon Ngiala Bongo, Ruphin Djolu Djoza, Muhammad Ridwan et Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua. « Mobilization of Fiscal Resources as Development Engine of Decentralized Territorial Entities : The case study of Mbandaka City in Democratic Republic of the Congo ». Konfrontasi : Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial 9, n^o 3 (5 septembre 2022) : 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v9i3.233.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The State as an institution was born from the will of the people for the realization of activities of common interest, such as: the building of hospitals, roads, schools, electrification, job creation, water etc. As the protector of goods, the state is called upon to fulfill several duties either governmental, when the state exercises its sovereignty to legislate and execute, or administrative when it ensures the management of the public administration for the benefit of the collective welfare thanks to the various taxes, levies and other charges mobilized and/or collected from the population in order to meet its expectations and aspirations. The modern State fulfills five important socio-economic duties, which are: production, regulation, protection, compensation and finally the function of stabilization and stimulation of the economic growth. Through production, the state intervenes not only to produce and create material wealth, but also to ensure the necessary conditions for its creation (e.g., provide adequate infrastructure and create an efficient administration). The state plays the role of the father of the city, must demonstrate certain equity through distributive justice, ensuring the redistribution of income by means of taxation on the income of the individual and the profit of the corporations or by means of aid and social security. Finally, the state has the responsibility of stabilizing and stimulating the economic growth. To achieve this, it is vital to practice the policy of full employment, price stability and very rapid economic growth, with the aim of increasing the quantity, quality and mobility of production factors, it is reflected in the policy of education, scientific research and training as well as labor mobility. Thus, local elected officials are called upon to fulfill these different functions in order to take off the development of their areas of common interest for the benefit of community welfare at the grassroots level.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Powderly, Joseph. « Prosecutor v. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo : Judgment on the Appeal of Mr. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo against Trial Chamber III's “Judgment Pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute” (Int'l Crim. Ct.) ». International Legal Materials 57, n^o 6 (décembre 2018) : 1031–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2018.50.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

On June 8, 2018, the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Court (ICC) delivered its eagerly anticipated judgment on the appeal of Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo against his conviction by Trial Chamber III in March 2016 for war crimes (murder, rape, and pillage) and crimes against humanity (murder and rape). Bemba's conviction was notable for the variety of “firsts” it gave rise to for the ICC. As a former vice-president of the transitional government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and president of the Mouvement de libération du Congo (MLC), he became the most senior leader to be successfully convicted by the ICC. His conviction was the first in which an individual was found responsible for the commission of crimes pursuant to command responsibility under Article 28 of the Rome Statute. Of particular significance was the fact that this was the first conviction at the ICC for acts of rape and sexual violence committed against women and men. Finally, this was the first case in the history of international criminal law where members of the defense team were arrested, tried, and convicted of crimes against the administration of justice during the course of the trial. The trial judgment was heralded as “a turning point in the ICC's history” following the debacles in the Lubanga, Katanga, Chui, and Kenya cases. However, we now have a new addition to the list of firsts: with the Appeals Chamber's majority judgment (decided 3-2), Bemba becomes the first accused to have his conviction overturned in full.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Davis, Laura. « Power shared and justice shelved : the Democratic Republic of Congo ». International Journal of Human Rights 17, n^o 2 (février 2013) : 289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2013.752948.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Felices-Luna, Maritza. « Justice in the Democratic Republic of Congo : Practicing Corruption, Practicing Resistance ? » Critical Criminology 20, n^o 2 (11 mai 2011) : 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10612-011-9135-y.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Bodansky, Daniel, et James Thuo Gathii. « ICJ—prohibition against the use of force—self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter—duty of vigilance—IHR and IHL under belligerent occupation ». American Journal of International Law 101, n^o 1 (janvier 2007) : 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000029596.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda). At <http://www.icj-cij.org>.International Court of Justice, December 19, 2005.In its December 19, 2005, judgment in Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo v. Uganda (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), the International Court of Justice (ICJ) found Uganda to have engaged in grave violations of the prohibition on the use of force and of its international humanitarian and human rights obligations during its occupation of Congelese territory. The Court also found that the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had violated the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations for its treatment of Ugandan diplomats and also for the destruction of their diplomatic premises and the associated archives and records.The train of events leading to this case originated in May 1997 with President Laurent-Desire Kabila's deposition of Zairean dictator Mobutu-Ssese Seko. Having come to power with Ugandan and Rwandese military assistance, Kabila was unsuccessful in his effort to remove Ugandan and Rwandese troops from the DRC (paras. 48–50). The DRC alleged that in August 1998, Ugandan armed forces invaded (para. 29) and then captured and occupied Congolese towns and territory in defiance of Kabila's decision that Ugandan and Rwandese forces should leave the DRC (para. 29–31). Further, the DRC contended that Uganda recruited, funded, trained, equipped, and supplied armed Congolese groups opposed to the Kabila government (para. 32).

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Mathias, Stephen. « The 2005 Judicial Activity of the International Court of Justice ». American Journal of International Law 100, n^o 3 (juillet 2006) : 629–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000031109.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In 2005, the International Court of Justice issued three judgments.l In February, the Court upheld an objection to its jurisdiction in Certain Property (Liechtenstein v. Germany). In July, a chamber of the Court issued its judgment on the merits in Frontier Dispute (Benin/Niger). In December, the full Court issued its judgment on the merits in Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda).

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

Cogan, Jacob Katz. « The 2010 Judicial Activity of the International Court of Justice ». American Journal of International Law 105, n^o 3 (juillet 2011) : 477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.105.3.0477.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The International Court of Justice rendered two final decisions on the merits in 2010: in Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay) and Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v. Democratic Republic of the Congo). The Court also issued an advisory opinion in Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo and an order finding Italy’s counterclaim inadmissible in Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy).

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

Trefon, Theodore. « Administrative obstacles to reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo ». International Review of Administrative Sciences 76, n^o 4 (décembre 2010) : 702–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852310381213.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

11

Aspremont, Jean D'. « The Recommendations Made by the International Court of Justice ». International and Comparative Law Quarterly 56, n^o 1 (janvier 2007) : 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei156.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Any observer of the practice of the International Court of Justice (hereafter the ICJ or the Court) may have noticed the growing tendency of the United Nations judicial body to formulate recommendations to the parties that have appeared before it. Indeed, the Court is more and more inclined to recommend that the parties allay their dispute and alleviate all ensuing human sufferings. This leaning is particularly observable when the Court simultaneously dismisses a request for the indication of provisional measures. For instance, in the recent order rendered by the Court in the case concerning the Armed Activities on the Territory of Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v Rwanda), the Court made the following declaration:

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

12

Stewart, David P., et Mads Andenas. « Ahmadou Sadio Diallo ». American Journal of International Law 107, n^o 1 (janvier 2013) : 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.107.1.0178.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

For the first time since the Corfu Channel case of 1949, the International Court of Justice (Court) has awarded damages. The Court did so on June 19, 2012, in its third judgment in the Diallo case, brought by the Republic of Guinea for human rights violations committed against a Guinean citizen by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The judgment was also the Court’s first on damages in a human rights case.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

13

Jacobs, Carolien. « Seeking justice, experiencing the state : criminal justice and real legal uncertainty in the Democratic Republic of Congo ». Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 50, n^o 3 (2 septembre 2018) : 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2018.1546421.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

14

Ndaguba, Emeka A., Anthony Okarah, Chijioke Hope Ukanwah, Godwin Nebo et Solomon U. Ndaguba. « Factors limiting the gains of MDGs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo : KEY DETERMINANT AND PITFALLS FOR FRAGILE STATES ». Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 4, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2016) : 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v4i4.146.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The Human Development Index in 2013 ranked Democratic Republic of the Congo 186th out of 187 in the United Nations Development Programme. The categorization came as a result of the deteriorating conflict that pushed the country towards a failed state realm. According to the 2015 Fragility Index of thePeaceFund, Democratic Republic of the Congo was among the nations ranked on the high alert (highly vulnerable andvolatile), consequently to as a result of non-provision of basic services. In addition to the deteriorating growth and development trajectory, infrastructural and systems failures have unabatedly limited service provision, resulting in inadequacies in humanitarian interventions. The study aims to evaluate the gains of MDGs in Democratic Republic of the Congo, taking into cognizance key deliverables, pitfalls, and prospects for development in fragile states. The study uses thematic reviews cushioned with elements of quantitative approach in providing answers to the study. On surface value, the study shows that 72% of rural households live in abject poverty. Additionally, more than 40% of children in rural areas suffer from chronic malnutrition, hunger and squalor. The study contends that without sustainable public institutions, systems and structure in the administration of services, DRC could likely remain in unending retrogression.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

15

Afkhazava, Durmishkhan Givievich. « International Court of Justice and law on the use of force ». Международное право, n^o 2 (février 2020) : 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2644-5514.2020.2.32500.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The goal of this research is the determination of practice on interpretation of law on the use of force by International Court of Justice. The article explores four cases: Corfu Channel, military activities in Nicaragua and against Nicaragua, oil platforms (the Islamic Republic of Iran against the United States), and armed activities on the territory of Congo (the Democratic Republic of Congo against Uganda). The author analyzes the question of legitimacy of the use of force: conclusion on nuclear weapon, and conclusion on the question of construction of the Wall. The article applies the method of synthesis for determination of general approach of the court; as well as comparative method to reflect the development of case law in the sphere of the use of force. The author advances an ides on establishment of legal institution on the use of force. The substantiation for this is traced in the decisions of International Court of Justice. Presence of the full-fledged and universal institution on the use of force would contribute to decrease of controversial grounds for the creation of new doctrines.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

16

Crook, John R. « The 2002 Judicial Activity of the International Court of Justice ». American Journal of International Law 97, n^o 2 (avril 2003) : 352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3100112.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

During 2002, countries from all regions, especially Africa, resorted to the International Court of Justice; only one of the Court's 2002 judgments involved an OECD countiy. The Court's work during the year also shows the continued importance of boundary issues for states and for the Court.The Court again completed a substantial program of work, resolving three cases with final judgments. In February, it triggered substantial controversy by finding that a Belgian court's warrant for the arrest of the then foreign minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (“Congo”) violated international law. In October, it resolved a complex of boundary disputes between Cameroon and Nigeria, although by year-end Nigeria had not yet implemented the Court's key requirement—withdrawal from the Bakassi Peninsula. In December, comparing sparse effectivités, it concluded that Malaysia, and not Indonesia, had sovereignty over two small disputed islands.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

17

Evans, Malcolm D., et Dino Kritsiotis. « II. Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda) : Provisional Measures ». International and Comparative Law Quarterly 50, n^o 3 (juillet 2001) : 662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/50.3.662.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

It might be thought an unusual or peculiar feature of international relations that, on occasion, States engaged in an armed conflict decide to appeal to international law and institutions for the provision of immediate judicial remedies.2 Yet, within the short space of 14 months, the International Court of Justice has twice found itself on the receiving end of such requests: in the first of these cases, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) filed an application on 29 April 1999 against 10 Member States of NATO for using armed force against the FRY in March 1999. At the same time, the FRY made a request for provisional measures, in which it asked the Court to indicate that the States involved “cease immediately [their] acts of use of force” and “refrain from any act of threat or use of force” against the FRY.3 In June 1999 the Court dismissed this request.4

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

18

Verweijen, Judith. « The Disconcerting Popularity of Popular In/justice in the Fizi/Uvira Region, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo ». International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 22, n^o 3 (17 juillet 2015) : 335–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02203003.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This article analyses the disconcerting phenomenon of ‘popular in/justice’, or killings of citizens enacted by other citizens ‘in the name of justice’. It studies these practices in the Fizi/Uvira region in the conflict-ridden eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, where they target either suspected criminals or presumed sorcerers. The article locates the causes for this phenomenon in certain transformations of socio-political space, notably the unsettling of customary and politico-administrative authority, dysfunctional state-led justice and security services, and the militarisation of local governance. These developments have compounded dispute processing and handling the occult, leading these processes to often turn violent. They also incentivise and enable politically and socio-economically marginalised yet demographically numerous groups to assert socio-political agency and engage in order-making. The article concludes by arguing that popular in/justice should be seen as an expression of such aspirations to exercise efficacious socio-political agency, thereby constituting a perverse form of democratisation.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

19

ILUNGA WA ILUNGA, Alexandre-Junior. « RIGHT TO THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO ». Ecological Safety and Balanced Use of Resources, n^o 1(25) (18 juillet 2022) : 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2415-3184-2022-1(25)-14-21.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The implementation of the nature conservation project in the Democratic Republic of Congo hascaused upheaval among indigenous communities in the wake of the decision to evict them from their landwithout compensation or indemnification.However, in addition to the proposed law on the protection and promotion of the rights ofindigenous peoples in the DRC, which is currently being drafted in parliament and which will have to bepromulgated by the President of the Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo has ratified severalinternational legal instruments relating to human rights and, by extension, to the rights of indigenouspeoples, in which the Principle of Free, Prior and Informed Consent is expressed in various ways. Thisprinciple calls for the participation of indigenous peoples at two levels: at the level of decision-makingthat may affect their right to the environment, but also at the level of policy-making aimed at protectingthe environment, as local knowledge is indispensable. However, despite the existing legal order, theimplementation of this environmental justice of indigenous peoples seems to be ineffective. The greatestchallenge remains its implementation. Many agree that international human rights law is even better whenit comes to environmental protection. Some point out that environmental protection can be a condition forthe enjoyment of other human rights.In addition to the right to the environment, indigenous peoples have the right to enjoy theirterritories, lands and natural resources; but they also have the right to participate in environmentalprotection.The fact remains that legislative and judicial weaknesses remain major obstacles to theeffectiveness and efficiency of environmental justice for indigenous peoples, for whom legal and judicialreform remains a panacea. To this end, it would be more appropriate to accelerate the process ofpromulgating the law on the protection and promotion of the rights of indigenous peoples, in which theirstatus must be well defined. This will give them standing to sue in the future. The interdisciplinary natureof environmental law also requires the creation of chambers specialising in environmental law within theCongolese judicial system.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

20

Lukamba, Muhiya Tshombe. « Public administration reform in Central African countries : The way forward. » Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, n^o 4 (2015) : 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i4_c2_p7.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The paper observes the transformation of the political system from a single political to a multi-political party. The essence of this transformation was to accommodate another political culture within the system of governance in the country. This article analyses public sector administration reform in three countries of the Central Africa Region (Republic of Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Republic of Congo. This paper will endeavor to respond to the following question: Why public sector reform in these three countries? Furthermore, the paper will also attempt to validate the need for public sector reform which should be undertaken when the government realises that there is a problem which needs to be resolved in the government institutions. The methodology used in this paper is solely based on the qualitative research approach which will help to understand the applicability of public administration reform in the Central Africa Region. The paper will argue that reform is extremely slow paced in each country. The situation in Cameroon is very complex due to decentralisation being legislated in 2004. However, there have been challenges with the implementation of the legislation governing decentralisation. The State President has personally appointed the majority of the governors and senior government officials in the various provinces. Since the new ministry in the Cameroon presidency assumed accountable public procurement, the ‘other’ reforms have been implemented and meeting the needs of the communities. The reform in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) also represents its own difficulties. Despite the enactment of the constitution in 2006, there is a distinct lack of reform in the public service. One of the key reforms for the current government is the decentralisation of government institutions. However, local government elections have not been held since 2006. Consequently, reformation has been extremely slow paced with limited reform in the last 8 years. The delegation of absolute autonomy to the provincial government with regard to the management of the provinces was a bold act by the DRC government which was well received by the citizens. In terms of public finance, central government has been faced by numerous challenges especially with the release of the provincial budget. Reformation in Congo Brazzaville has encountered many difficulties because of the lack of qualified human capital in the government institutions. Another critical factor which has contributed towards reformation is the authoritarian system of government. One can infer that a democratically elected regime could contribute positively towards a transformed society in all the above-mentioned countries.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

21

Luhahi, Jacqueline Nembe Songu. « Leadership of University Women for Development in the Democratic Republic of Congo ». African and Asian Studies 14, n^o 3 (5 août 2015) : 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341340.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

As perceived protectors of the Congolese cultures figuratively and realistically and agents of positive economic and social changes, the role and the place of the Congolese women in general in the development schemes cannot be denied. However, intellectual debates about what the Congolese society at large expects the Congolese university women to contribute to the discourses about development and its various models have not been systematically studied. While, for instance, the discourse about the parity between women and men in the workplace is being promoted by the government, the studies on gender in higher education is still in its infancy. This study investigates women’s role within the context of the evolution of educational systems and their values since the Belgian administration. It examines educational policies in relationship to the models of development that both colonial and post-colonial administrations formulated and implemented. Although the study is essentially a reflection, putting an emphasis on conceptualization and theories, it is also supported by historical and cultural arguments and propositions. It is argued that the Congolese university women have ‘citizenry responsibility’ and ‘university education and engagement’ to propose new leadership role in development. Using historical-structuralist perspectives as developed in social sciences at large, I analyze further the issue of the nature of the relationship between the place and the role of university and that of leadership and development. I raise the issue of whether or not the Congolese university women’s leadership matters in the search for developmental models in the Congo.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

22

Bakamana, David Bilungule, Laurenti Magesa et Clement Chinkambako Abenguuni Majawa. « Tshiota Rituals among the Luba People of Kasai Central in the Democratic Republic of Congo ». Bussecon Review of Social Sciences (2687-2285) 3, n^o 1 (31 octobre 2021) : 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36096/brss.v3i1.249.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Among the Luba people, the tshiota is one of the powerful types of indigenous manga (charms) used by the community. Tshiota is a traditional fire of power used for rituals, where invocations are made to the departed ancestors, spirits, and angels. It is a place of purification, cleansing, blessings, and making sacrifices. The study employed a qualitative research that was rooted in phenomenology. The concentration of the study was on the Kasai Central Province for two main reasons: one, the region has one of the major ethnic groups in the country and thus adequate evidence exists of use of manga in the area. The target population for the study was the Luba people who lived in Kasai Central Province. From this target population, charm givers, militia and political leaders were selected as the units of observation by the researcher.The findings of the research established tshiota is used to perform rituals and invocations to call upon the ancestors for help when there is a problem in the community. This help includes protection of community members before they go out to perform an activity on behalf of the community. This includes activities such as fighting during war. Tshiota fire was used also by the militia including Kamwina Nsapu who were fighting the government. They were initiated through fires of tshiota and drinking a powerful potion called tshizaba. Manga made the militia to be very powerful and strong in their fight for justice and good governance in Kasai. Through this abilities, they were able to fight and win against the modern day government in their effort to bring change and accountability in modern political leadership. Manga were used to deal with corruption and other mal-practices, hence bring forth justice and good governance in Kasai Central Province, in DRC.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

23

Mangulu, André Motingea. « Vers une écologie linguistique des anciens chasseurs-cueilleurs du bassin central congolais ». Anthropos 116, n^o 1 (2021) : 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2021-1-137.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The article attempts to provide some sociolinguistic information about the former Hunter-Gatherers of the Central Congo Basin in the hope that they could arouse the same scientific interest as that which was carried out on the Bambuti Pygmies of Ituri and Aka of the borders of the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, and Southern Cameroon. It emerges that all the questions raised and discussed so far in relation to the status of the languages spoken by these latter Pygmy tribes, their structure and their genetic affiliation also apply to the Pygmies of the Central Congo Basin. Thus, the article addresses, first and foremost, the problem of their near and distant origins and their current sociolinguistic situation, before going on to review the current state of linguistic research. A subclassification is then sketched based on common phonetic, morphosyntactic, and lexical characteristics to their languages as well as the traditions collected by the colonial administration.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

24

Mujyambere, Jean Pierre. « Elusive Justice for Victims of the Abdoulay Yerodia International Crimes of August 1998 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ». Groningen Journal of International Law 7, n^o 2 (28 février 2020) : 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/grojil.7.2.164-181.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In order to access justice, victims of human rights abuses must first find a jurisdiction that is willing to hear their case. In the Abdoulay Yerodia Ndombasi (Yerodia) case in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), victims of Yerodia’s intentional crimes brought their case in Belgium because they were unable to introduce it in domestic courts. Belgium launched an international arrest warrant against Yerodia who, at the time of accusation by Belgium, was Foreign Minister of the DRC. This has led to a dispute between the DRC and Belgium before the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The DRC accused Belgium of violating the diplomatic immunity of its Foreign Minister. However, the international crimes in question were committed before Yerodia became Foreign Minister of the DRC and the ICJ rendered its decision in his case after he had ceased to hold that position. Despite this, the ICJ ruled in favor of Yerodia's diplomatic immunity and consequently this decision has only protected him from criminal liability. This paper examines first the historical background of the discrimination of Yerodia’s victims to support the claim that they cannot access justice in the DRC. It also argues that the ICJ’s decision in this case has only contributed to shielding Yerodia from justice rather than preserving smooth operation of the DRC’s diplomatic activities abroad. Finally, this paper suggests that the ICJ’sdecision in this case has closed the doors to victims in their endeavors to access justice.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

25

Palou-Loverdos, Jordi. « Relaciones internacionales y justicia transicional : memoria, jurisdicción universal y el caso Ruanda/RD Congo ». Deusto Journal of Human Rights, n^o 13 (11 décembre 2017) : 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/aahdh-13-2015pp15-62.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In the twentieth anniversary of the Srebrenica and Kibeho massacres, both executed under the presence of UN blue helmets, its timely to approach judicial and non-judicial mechanisms of transitional justice been used to face human right abuses of the past. Human tragedies of Rwanda and the democratic Republic of Congo are still devastating despite of developed initiatives about truth, justice and reparation. dialogue processes and universal jurisdiction initiatives inspired by international civil society depict a window of hope. National and international impacts of the Rwanda-DR Congo case judicial process, as the effects of the cancellation of universal jurisdiction in Spain, after ten years of open judicial inquiry, are presented to invite to a critical reflection.Received: 25 July 2015 Accepted: 30 November 2015 Published online: 11 December 2017

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

26

Giorgetti, Chiara. « International Court of Justice : Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Guinea v. Dem. Rep. Congo), Compensation Owed by the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the Republic of Guinea ». International Legal Materials 51, n^o 4 (août 2012) : 737–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.51.4.0737.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

27

Solhjell, Randi. « Strong NGOs and Weak States : Pursuing Gender Justice in the Democratic Republic of Congo and South Africa ». Forum for Development Studies 46, n^o 3 (12 juillet 2019) : 579–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2019.1639919.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

28

Matfess, Hilary. « Strong NGOs and weak states : Pursuing gender justice in the Democratic Republic of Congo and South Africa ». African Affairs 118, n^o 470 (1 janvier 2019) : 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/ady062.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

29

Perissi, Daniele, et Karen Naimer. « Achieving Justice for Child Survivors of Conflict-related Sexual Violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ». Journal of International Criminal Justice 18, n^o 2 (1 mai 2020) : 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqaa008.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract In March 2015, the first major conference, or États Généraux, of the Congolese justice system was held in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The conference, the mandate of which was to evaluate the functioning of the judicial system and formulate recommendations about reforms and actions to be implemented, pledged to strengthen national investigations and prosecutions of international crimes as a matter of priority. This development was significant in a country where widespread impunity for perpetrators of mass crimes, in particular conflict-related sexual violence, is rampant and exacerbates the trauma suffered by survivors. Among the cases deemed a ‘priority’, the Kavumu case was especially important. In that case, the Military Court of South Kivu found that the accused were part of an armed group, controlled by provincial lawmaker Frédéric Batumike, and together they were responsible for the rape of over 40 young girls over a three-year period. After a long and complex process, in December 2017, a mobile military court convicted 11 militia members, including the parliamentarian, of rape as a crime against humanity and sentenced them to life. In July 2018, the High Military Court confirmed the verdict. This article will provide an overview of the Kavumu case as well as the main milestones of the proceedings. The article will then discuss three features of the case that exemplify innovations and best practices — as well as pending challenges — in the prosecution of conflict-related sexual violence, including the issue of domestic immunities for international crimes; the unique, interdisciplinary protections undertaken for child victims of sexual violence in legal proceedings; and the effective collaborations among the network of medical, legal, and civil society actors supporting national efforts to combat impunity. The Kavumu case aptly illustrates how national justice institutions, working alongside international and local partners, can lead the way in achieving progress and overcoming complex challenges to advance accountability and set important precedents in the fight against impunity for conflict-related sexual violence.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

30

Dixon, Peter J. « Reparations, Assistance and the Experience of Justice : Lessons from Colombia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo ». International Journal of Transitional Justice 10, n^o 1 (29 décembre 2015) : 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijv031.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

31

Egbende, Landry, Daniel Helldén, Branly Mbunga, Mattias Schedwin, Benito Kazenza, Nina Viberg, Rhoda Wanyenze, Mapatano Mala Ali et Tobias Alfvén. « Interactions between Health and the Sustainable Development Goals : The Case of the Democratic Republic of Congo ». Sustainability 15, n^o 2 (9 janvier 2023) : 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021259.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

A systematic and contextualized assessment of the interactions between the Sustainable Development Goals and health in the Democratic Republic of Congo is currently lacking. This study aimed to characterize and classify the linkages between the Sustainable Development Goals in the DRC with a focus on health and well-being. In this semi-qualitative participatory study, 35 experts assessed 240 interactions between 16 of the 17 SDGs during a two-day workshop in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, using a scale from +3 (strongly promoting) to −3 (strongly restricting). SDG 16 (Peace, justice, and strong institutions) had the strongest promoting influence on other goals and was identified as a key priority for the DRC to attain the SDGs. Progress on SDG 3 (good health and well-being) was perceived as promoting progress on most SDGs, and through second-order interactions, a positive feedback loop was identified. Furthermore, progress on the other SDGs was deemed to promote progress on SDG 3, with SDG 16 having the greatest positive potential when second-order interactions were taken into account. Our results show the importance of recognizing synergies and trade-offs concerning the interactions between health and other SDGs and that it is imperative to set up structures bringing together different sectors to accelerate work towards achieving the 2030 Agenda.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

32

Butindi, Luc Mwenelwata. « Using Digitalisation Approach to Optimising Potential Property Tax Revenues in the Democratic Republic of Congo ». African Multidisciplinary Tax Journal 2, n^o 1 (2022) : 138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/amtj/v2/i1a8.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Optimising property tax is beneficial for real estate investors but can also encourage tax avoidance and fraud by economic operators if the state does not put safeguards in place to secure its rights. On the one hand, the state must first control the number of buildings per category and identify the property owners to be taxed. Thanks to digitalisation, tax administrations will change the current approach in favour of modern management tools such as those used in other countries. On the other hand, the state must encourage investors to build more apartment buildings in third- and fourth-tier localities to benefit from the tax relief associated with these properties. These proposed solutions, which are supported by figures from the city of Kinshasa, are used as an example and presented in this article. It highlights that this approach allows the two stakeholders (tax administration and taxpayers) to mutually benefit while effectively reducing the behaviour at fault.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

33

Bartels, Susan A., Jennifer A. Scott, Jennifer Leaning, Jocelyn T. Kelly, Denis Mukwege, Nina R. Joyce et Michael J. VanRooyen. « Sexual Violence Trends between 2004 and 2008 in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo ». Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, n^o 6 (décembre 2011) : 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12000179.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

AbstractIntroduction: For more than a decade, conflict in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been claiming lives. Within that conflict, sexual violence has been used by militia groups to intimidate and punish communities, and to control territory. This study aimed to: (1) investigate overall frequency in number of Eastern DRC sexual assaults from 2004 to 2008 inclusive; (2) determine if peaks in sexual violence coincide with known military campaigns in Eastern DRC; and (3) study the types of violence and types of perpetrators as a function of time.Methods: This study was a retrospective, descriptive, registry-based evaluation of sexual violence survivors presenting to Panzi Hospital between 2004 and 2008.Results: A total of 4,311 records were reviewed. Throughout the five-year study period, the highest number of reported sexual assaults occurred in 2004, with a steady decrease in the total number of incidents reported at Panzi Hospital from 2004 through 2008. The highest peak of reported sexual assaults coincided with a known militant attack on the city of Bukavu. A smaller sexual violence peak in April 2004 coincided with a known military clash near Bukavu. Over the five-year period, the number of sexual assaults reportedly perpetrated by armed combatants decreased by 77% (p = 0.086) and the number of assaults reportedly perpetrated by non-specified perpetrators decreased by 92% (p < 0.0001). At the same time, according to the hospital registry, the number of sexual assaults reportedly perpetrated by civilians increased 17-fold (p < 0.0001). This study was limited by its retrospective nature, by the inherent selection bias of studying only survivors presenting to Panzi Hospital, and by the use of a convenience sample within Panzi Hospital.Conclusions: After years of military rape in South Kivu Province, civilian adoption of sexual violence may be a growing phenomenon. If this is the case, the social mechanisms that prevent sexual violence will have to be rebuilt and sexual violence laws will have to be fully enforced to bring all perpetrators to justice. Proper rehabilitation and reintegration of ex-combatants may also be an important step towards reducing civilian rape in Eastern DRC.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

34

Ndahinda, Felix Mukwiza. « Collective Victimization and Subjectivity in the Democratic Republic of Congo : Why Do Lasting Peace and Justice Remain Elusive ? » International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 23, n^o 2 (19 mai 2016) : 137–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02302004.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The Democratic Republic of Congo has experienced patterns of mass victimization since the country’s inception. As a private domain of King Leopold ii of Belgium, a Belgian colony or an independent state; the country has undergone numerous episodes of violence affecting not only individuals but also entire communities. Socio-political and economic crises have been accompanied by inter-ethnic violence, mostly in eastern provinces. Over the last decade, various mechanisms have been explored in attempts to address past atrocities. In addition to ongoing prosecutions before the International Criminal Court, a number of domestic initiatives have been or are still being explored. The present article examines the suitability of these mechanisms against the backdrop of the politically and ethnically fragmented landscape in the country. The inquiry examines whether domestic or international peace-building processes address not only individual forms of victimization but also subjective experiences and perceptions of collective victimhood.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

35

Kubanza, Nzalalemba Serge, Dillip Kumar Das et Danny Simatele. « Some happy, others sad : exploring environmental justice in solid waste management in Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of Congo ». Local Environment 22, n^o 5 (14 octobre 2016) : 595–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2016.1242120.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

36

Frère, Marie-Soleil. « Covering Post-Conflict Elections : Challenges for the Media in Central Africa ». Africa Spectrum 46, n^o 1 (avril 2011) : 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971104600101.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In the past ten years, elections were held in six countries of Central Africa experiencing “post-conflict” situations. The polls that took place in Burundi (2005), the Central African Republic (2005), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2006), Congo-Brazzaville (2002, 2007), Chad (1996, 2001, 2006) and Rwanda (2003) were crucial for peace-building. In some cases, they were widely supported and supervised by the international community, being considered the last step of a peace process and the first step toward establishing a truly representative “post-conflict” regime. The media were expected to play a large part in supporting these elections, both to inform the citizens, so they could make an educated choice, and to supervise the way the electoral administration was organizing the polls. This paper attempts to show the many challenges faced by the media while covering these post-conflict electoral processes. In a context of great political tension, in which candidates are often former belligerents who have just put down their guns to go to the polls, the media operate in an unsafe and economically damaged environment, suffering from a lack of infrastructure, inadequate equipment and untrained staff. Given those constraints, one might wonder if the media should be considered actual democratic tools in Central Africa or just gimmicks in a “peace-building kit” (including “free and fair” elections, multipartism and freedom of the press) with no real impact on the democratic commitment of the elite or the political participation of the population.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

37

Bakamana, David Bilungule, Laurenti Magesa et Clement Chinkambako Abenguuni Majawa. « Use of Charms in Succession Politics of Traditional Luba Leaders of Kasai Central in the Democratic Republic of Congo ». International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 4, n^o 3 (1 octobre 2021) : 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v4i3.105.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The study focusses on the role of indigenous manga (charms) in the politics of succession in traditional leadership among the Luba people in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The Luba people possess and use various types of indigenous charms for different societal functions. They play a more salient role in how traditional leadership is practiced in the community. It is already established that, traditional leaders perform various functions within the community including providing security, regulating societal activities, administering justice, resolving disputes and so on. The objective was thus to investigate how the various types of fetishes/charms are incorporated and used in succession in traditional leadership. The study used a phenomenological approach, with data collected from various traditional leaders and charm givers, provincial members of parliament in Kasai in DRC. The findings indicate presence and use of various types of indigenous manga in traditional leadership succession. These come both in the form of symbols, rituals such as the enthroning ceremony of a traditional leader, and following the customs, laws and traditions of traditional leadership. Such traditions or customs include the requirements that a traditional leader must protect everyone in the society, ensure there is justice, accountability, good luck, prosperity and good governance in the community.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

38

Zimmermann, Taciano Scheidt. « Critical remarks on the International Court of Justice’s interpretation of Article 3(g) of the “Definition of Aggression”(UNGA Resolution 3314/1974) ». Revista Direito GV 14, n^o 1 (avril 2018) : 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-6172201805.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine whether and to what extent the Article 3(g) of the General Assembly Definition of Aggression (Resolution 3314/1974 XXIX) can be interpreted using the case-law of the International Court of Justice. Three judgments delivered by the Court are analyzed: Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda) and Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro). Special attention is given to the connection between international norms on the use of force and the law of international responsibility, as well as to the meaning and status attributed by the Court to the expressions “sending” and “substantial involvement,” both present in Article 3(g).

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

39

Cook, Christopher R. « American Policymaking in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 1996-1999 : The Anti-Kabila Bias and the Crushing Neutrality of the Lusaka Accords ». African and Asian Studies 9, n^o 4 (2010) : 393–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921010x534797.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract This article examines the development of American policy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Why did the U.S. become involved? I argue that Washington’s policy was based in how they framed the conflict. They chose to see it through the prism of Rwandan and Ugandan security needs. The Administration favored the narrative of genocide instead of contemplating a war of “partition and plunder.” This may not be surprising because Washington often privileges a Westphalian approach to security and ignores the role of economic sub-state actors. However, by doing so they exhibited a “crushing neutrality” towards Laurent Kabila.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

40

Andenas, Mads. « II. INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE, CASE CONCERNING AHMADOU SADIO DIALLO (REPUBLIC OF GUINEA V DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO) JUDGEMENT OF 30 NOVEMBER 2010 ». International and Comparative Law Quarterly 60, n^o 3 (juillet 2011) : 810–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589311000352.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This is the first time in its history, to the best of my knowledge, that the International Court of Justice has established violations of the two human rights treaties at issue, together, namely, at universal level, the 1966 UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and, at regional level, the 1981 African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, both in the framework of the universality of human rights.This is the opening paragraph of Judge Cançado Trindade's Separate Opinion in the Diallo case. The ICJ's judgment is a remarkable decision contributing to the widening and deepening of international law and has consequences for several fundamental questions, including the role of the ICJ and international law in making human rights effective, erga omnes and jus cogens rules, customary law, evidence, and several substantive rules. In bringing the transformation of international law one step further, the Diallo judgment develops the ICJ as ‘the principal judicial organ of the United Nations’1 at the top of an open international law system. To achieve this, the Court had to overcome a series of jurisdictional and procedural hurdles.2 All the permanent judges of the ICJ agreed that Congo had violated the prohibition on arbitrary detention and expulsion and that the violations gave rise to a right of compensation. The ICJ's use of sources from other international and regional bodies as sources of authority, indicates solutions to fragmentation problems.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

41

Muambi, Richard Tshienda. « La réforme de la fonction publique : Vecteur de bonne gouvernance et du développement en République Démocratique du Congo ». Afrika Focus 35, n^o 2 (20 décembre 2022) : 408–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-35020010.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract Public sector reform policies have experienced considerable development over the past few decades in most developed countries, but also in those on the African continent. The civil service has thus been at the heart of many administrative reforms: since development has ceased to be considered from a solely economic or technical angle, the scientific community is more unanimous than in the past in its recognition that the effectiveness of economic structures depends largely on the complementarities they encounter in the political, administrative, social and even mental environment. Over the years, the will to reform the civil service has appeared as a constant for the countries in question. Justified by the principle of adaptation of the public service, civil service reform takes the form of projects which aim, on the one hand, to improve the direct relationship between the citizen and the administration and, on the other hand, to establish the terms of its management. In the Democratic Republic of Congo more than elsewhere, the functioning and performance of the public service has posed difficult questions for more than forty years, preventing it from breaking the paradox which characterises it - namely that in such a rich country, the population is one of the poorest on the planet. Thus, this study aims not only to analyse the strategies deployed in the implementation of civil service reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo but to attempt to evaluate the results as well.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

42

Jacobs, Carolien, et Patrick Milabyo Kyamusugulwa. « Everyday Justice for the Internally Displaced in a Context of Fragility : The Case of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) ». Journal of Refugee Studies 31, n^o 2 (16 octobre 2017) : 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fex025.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

43

Aroussi, Sahla. « From Colombia to the Democratic Republic of Congo : exploring the untapped potential of restorative justice. A response to Annette Pearson ». Restorative Justice 5, n^o 2 (4 mai 2017) : 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20504721.2017.1339951.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

44

Liu, Yang, Muhammad Khalid Anser et Khalid Zaman. « Ecofeminism and Natural Resource Management : Justice Delayed, Justice Denied ». Sustainability 13, n^o 13 (30 juin 2021) : 7319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137319.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Women have a right to excel in all spheres of activity. However, their roles are mainly confined in the resource extraction industry due to masculinity bias. African women are considered exemplary cases where women have low access to finance and economic opportunities to progress in the natural resource industry. This study examines the role of women’s autonomy in mineral resource extraction by controlling ecological footprints, financial development, environmental degradation, economic growth, and changes in the general price level in the Democratic Republic of the Congo data from 1975–2019. The autoregressive distributed lag estimates show that in the short-run, women’s autonomy decreases mineral resource rents; however, this result disappears in the long-run and the positive role of women’s autonomy in increasing resource capital is confirmed. Ecological footprints are in jeopardy from saving mineral resources both in the short- and long-term. Financial development negatively impacts mineral resource rents, while women’s access to finance supports the mineral resource agenda. The positive role of women in environmental protection has led to increased mineral resource rents in the short- and long-term. Women’s social and economic autonomy increases mineral resource rents in the short-term, while it has evaporated in the long-term. The Granger causality has confirmed the unidirectional linkages running from women’s green ecological footprints, access to finance, and women participating in environmental protection to mineral resource rents in a country. The variance decomposition analysis has shown that women’s economic autonomy and access to finance will exert more significant variance shocks to mineral resource rents over the next ten years’ period. The results conclude the positive role of women’s freedom in the mineral resource sustainability agenda. Thus, there is a high need to authorize women through access to finance and economic decisions to restore natural resource capital nationwide.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

45

Ferdowsian, Hope, Scott Kelly, Mary Burner, Mike Anastario, Grace Gohlke, Ranit Mishori, Thomas McHale et Karen Naimer. « Attitudes Toward Sexual Violence Survivors : Differences Across Professional Sectors in Kenya and the Democratic Republic of the Congo ». Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, n^o 24 (27 mars 2016) : 3732–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516639257.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Sexual violence survivors who decide to report their assault interact with health care, law enforcement, and legal and judicial professionals. Professionals’ attitudes about sexual violence and survivors play an important role in caring for survivors and in the pursuit of justice. Despite evidence showing the relationship between service provider beliefs and survivor outcomes, relatively little is known about professionals’ beliefs about sexual violence or their attitudes toward sexual violence survivors. Between June 2012 and December 2014, our study examined the beliefs and attitudes of 181 professionals from the health care, legal, and law enforcement sectors in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the Rift Valley region of Kenya, areas with a high prevalence of sexual violence. To determine correlates of beliefs and attitudes about sexual violence and sexual violence survivors, multiple logistic regression models were adjusted for demographic and occupational characteristics. Respondents who agreed that survivors got what they deserved (7%) or that survivors should feel ashamed (9%) were the minority, while those who would be willing to care for a family member with a history of sexual violence (94%) were the majority. Profession was significantly associated with beliefs and attitudes about sexual violence and survivors. Law enforcement professionals were more likely than health professionals and lawyers to indicate that survivors should feel ashamed. Our findings suggest a need for interventions that adequately address potentially harmful beliefs and attitudes of some professionals serving sexual violence survivors.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

46

Habimana, Aloys. « Lending a Voice to the Voiceless : The Quest for Justice in Umutesi's Narrative ». African Studies Review 48, n^o 3 (décembre 2005) : 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2006.0018.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Surviving the Slaughter is a powerful narrative that takes us into one of the many tragedies of the African Great Lakes region that affected tens of thousands of helpless Rwandan civilians in the aftermath of the 1994 genocide inside Rwanda. Through the eyes of an ordinary, but also remarkable, woman, we learn the horrifying details of the ordeals that Rwandan refugees in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) went through after their camps were destroyed manu militari. The value of this book goes beyond that of a simple narrative. As we read it, we are absorbed by an account of a breathtaking and excruciating journey of tens of thousands of people as they are hunted down in the dense rainforests of the Congo. At the core of this account is one woman's protest against the absurdity of mass violence and the inhuman brutality of military regimes.At first glance, the book stands out as a strong stand against the corrosive tradition of silence that often accompanies gross violations of human rights, especially those unfolding beyond the scrutiny of the major world media. In a simple but engaging style, Umutesi strips off the usual veneer of reserve that characterizes Rwandans in general and Rwandan women in particular. Rwandans don't usually talk about their experiences, let alone write about them. And writing about the plight of people whom the world has often considered pariahs since the 1994 genocide requires a strong personality.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

47

Raj kumar Verma et Ramesh Kumar. « Role of Para-Legal Services in Administration of Justice : An Empirical Study of Ashok Nagar District ». Legal Research Development : An International Refereed e-Journal 2, n^o I (30 septembre 2017) : 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v2n1.02.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In present era, rule of law exists, subjecting to principle of natural justice, equity, justice, good conscious & morality in democratic, secular, sovereign and republic India. The Legal & Para- Legal Services have got the most special and primary role in administration of justice in delivery of justice. Law is the medium & it is has the highest goal of justice. This Research paper has been emphasized on The Role of Para-Legal Services in Administration of Justice: An Empirical Study of Ashok Nagar District which is situated in heart of India namely The State of Madhya Pradesh. This Research has been conducted in respect to Institutions/colleges/universities where LL.B./B.A.LL.B./ B.Com.LL.B./ B.B.A.LL.B.(5Ydc) &/ LL.B(3Ydc) namely Legal/Law education are being conducted in accordance with UGC rules & regulations& approval of Bar Council of India‟s rules & regulations. In this regard, this research shows the genuine/ real/ actual conditions or other related facts of Legal & Para-Legal Services, its conduction, legal aid clinics Para-Legal Aid clinics, Para- Legal Training, Education, Literacy, Awareness, Accessibility, Paralegals, Volunteers & other connected things with it. This research paper is helpful for professors, Lecturers, teachers, researchers, students, NGO‟s, Trusts, Governments, Organizations, Commissions, Institutions, Colleges, Universities, Establishments and others connected with the same.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

48

Vlassenroot, Koen, et Timothy Raeymaekers. « New political order in the DR Congo ? the transformation of regulation ». Afrika Focus 21, n^o 2 (15 février 2008) : 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02102005.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

It has been said repeatedly: the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire) remains only a shadow of its former self, a typical case of state failure and collapse. Closer observation suggests a different image, however: not only has this country demonstrated “a remarkable propensity for resilience” (Englebert, 2003), its administration and regulatory frameworks – which in some domains have not changed since colonial times – have remained largely intact even during the latest period of war and political turmoil. In this article, we would like to explain these different “cross currents and contradictions” (Young, 2004) that emerged during the past Congolese war, addressing the question of whether processes of state erosion and political reconfiguration during this period should be described as a further “privatisation of the state”, as proposed by Hibou and others, or rather as a transformation or commodification of state sovereignty. The article is organized diachronically: it first discusses the Mobutu period (1965-1997), and then the war (1996-2003), to finally draw some conclusions from Congo’s long period of political “transition”.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

49

Raj kumar verma et Ramesh Kumar. « Role of Para-Legal Services in Administration of Justice : An Empirical Study of Gwalior District ». Legal Research Development : An International Refereed e-Journal 1, n^o IV (30 juin 2017) : 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v1n4.06.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In today‟s context, rule of law is in existence, subjecting to principle of natural justice, equity, justice, good conscious & morality in Democratic and republic India. Para-Legal Services have got the most specific in primary role in administration of justice as a back bone in delivery of justice. Law is the means & it is having the highest goal of justice. This Research paper has been focused and emphasized on The Role of Para-Legal Services in Administration of Justice: An Empirical Study of Gwalior District. Gwalior is situated in heart of India namely The State of Madhya Pradesh. Gwalior is a division including Gwalior itself. This Research has been conducted with respect to Institutions/colleges/universities where LL.B./ B.A.LL.B./ B.Com.LL.B./ B.B.A.LL.B.(5Ydc) & LL.B (3Ydc) namely Legal/Law education are being conducted in accordance with UGC rules & regulations& approval of Bar Council of India‟s rules & regulations. With this respect this research reveals the genuine conditions or other related facts of Para-Legal Services, Its conduction, legal aid clinics Para-Legal Aid clinics, Para-Legal Training, Education, Literacy, Awareness, Accessibility, Paralegals, Volunteers & other connected things with it. This research paper is beneficial, useful and helpful for professors, Lecturers, teachers, researchers, students, NGO‟s, Trusts, Governments, Organizations, Commissions, Institutions, Colleges, Universities, Establishments and others connected there with.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

50

Tunamsifu, Shirambere Philippe. « The right to justice : A challenge for survivors of conflict-related sexual violence in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo ». African Human Rights Law Journal 15, n^o 2 (2015) : 473–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2015/v15n2a12.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Articles de revues sur le sujet « Justice, Administration of – Congo (Democratic Republic) »

Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres