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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Kibbutzim »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Kibbutzim"

Gigi, Moti. « Relations between Development Towns and Kibbutzim ». Israel Studies Review 33, n^o 3 (1 décembre 2018) : 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/isr.2018.330308.

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Until the 1970s, the few interactions between Sderot and the neighboring kibbutzim in the Sha’ar HaNegev Regional Council revolved around the kibbutzim’s economic and political dominance. As political resistance to this control increased, kibbutz members became worried about the consequences of segregation and economic exploitation and wished to alter these problematic relations. Thus, the Sderot–Sha’ar HaNegev partnership program, which aimed to create a shift in the relational structure, was established. This article analyzes the power dynamics between Sderot residents and the kibbutzim during the program’s operation. The partnership, although expected to reduce segregation and change the power relations between the communities, did not bring about a transformation from paternalism to partnership, but rather evolved from dominance to hegemony. Although the hierarchical relations are still in place, the interaction between spatial, class, and identity elements has created new ways in which the relationship operates up to the present day.

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Abramitzky, Ran. « Lessons from the Kibbutz on the Equality–Incentives Trade-off ». Journal of Economic Perspectives 25, n^o 1 (1 février 2011) : 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.25.1.185.

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The first kibbutzwas established southwest of the Sea of Galilee in 1910, but the vast majority of kibbutzim were established in the 1930s and 1940s, shortly before the creation of the state of Israel in 1948. Founders aimed to create a “new human being” who cared about the group more than about himself, a homo sociologicus who would challenge the selfish homo economicus. This idealistic view can explain many of the key features of kibbutzim: equal sharing in the distribution of income; no private property; a noncash economy; communal dining halls where members ate their meals together; high provision of local public goods for use by kibbutz members; separate communal residences for children outside their parents homes, which were supposed to free women from their traditional role in society and allow them to be treated equally with men; collective education to instill socialist and Zionist values; communal production, whereby kibbutz members worked inside their kibbutzim in agriculture or in one of the kibbutz plants; and no use of hired labor from outside kibbutzim—because hiring labor was considered “exploitation” under the reigning socialist ideology. To an economist, steeped in thinking about incentives that self-interested individuals face, there are three reasons why an equal-sharing arrangement of this sort seems unlikely to last. First, high-ability members have an incentive to exit equal sharing arrangements to earn a wage premium—so-called “brain drain.” Second, low-ability individuals have an incentive to enter equal-sharing arrangements so that they can be subsidized by more-able individuals—so-called adverse selection. Third, in context of equal sharing, shirking and free-riding are likely to be prevalent. However, kibbutzim have survived successfully for the past century and currently consist of 120,000 members living in 268 kibbutzim. In a number of ways, the kibbutzim offer an exceptional environment to examine the potential trade-off between equality and incentives.

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MILOE, HAMOTAL, et ISRAEL DORON. « Social values and the role of law : the use of legal planning tools for old age by privatised and non-privatised Kibbutz members ». Ageing and Society 34, n^o 5 (20 décembre 2012) : 820–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x12001286.

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ABSTRACTHistorically, the Kibbutzim in Israel were established as collective, socialist communities. However, since the 1980s, the Kibbutz movement has undergone profound social processes. One of the outcomes of these processes was the privatisation of the Kibbutz. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between the socio-legal structure of the Kibbutz (i.e. non-privatised versus privatised) and the awareness, knowledge and usage of legal planning tools for old age. Using a quantitative research method, a closed questionnaire was designed and distributed to a non-probability convenience sample, consisting of 295 respondents, of them 137 (46%) from traditional Kibbutzim and 158 (54%) from privatised Kibbutzim. Five different legal tools were examined: private pension; private long-term care insurance; advanced health-care directive, will, and organ donation. According to findings, on average, members of privatised Kibbutzim reported higher levels of awareness, knowledge and usage regarding legal planning tools for old age. These findings support other studies that point to the relationships between societal values (collectivist versus individualistic) and social policies regarding older persons – in general, and legal policies in the field of law and ageing – in specific. It is expected that a shift toward a more individualistic value-based society will increase the awareness and usage of individually based legal planning tools for old age.

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Moskovich, Yaffa. « Loss of organizational solidarity in three kibbutz factories ». International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 36, n^o 5/6 (13 juin 2016) : 358–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-05-2015-0053.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the loss of solidarity in three kibbutz factories as an outcome of the process of privatization in their kibbutz communities. Design/methodology/approach – The research was a qualitative investigation, including interviews in three factories. Findings – The research found high a sense of vertical and horizontal solidarity before the privatization. The solidarity stemmed from socialistic principles of the kibbutzim (plural of kibbutz) and their factories functioned as an extension of the kibbutz clan: close inter-personal relationships, a devotion to collective needs and democratic decision making in the kibbutz general assembly directly influencing the factories. After the privatization, the organizational solidarity decreased because of formal and procedural issues: the factory became hierarchical, work conditions deteriorated and the familiar spirit of the clan vanished. Research limitations/implications – There are more than 130 kibbutz factories, most of them in privatized kibbutzim. This paper presents only three of those factories, so it can only represent preliminary and partial findings. It is important to extend this research to examine other kibbutz factories. Practical implications – The research suggests how factories, in kibbutzim and throughout the world, could respond to weak organizational solidarity: to increase trust and cooperation between management, to create flexible working conditions and to achieve higher productivity. Originality/value – This is the first study to focus on kibbutz enterprises through the sociological lens of the solidarity theory. Previously, most post-privatization research has focussed on economic questions of profitability.

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Justman, Moshe, et Yaakov Gilboa. « The Scope for Promoting Equal Opportunity in Education : Evidence from the Kibbutz ». Education Finance and Policy 7, n^o 4 (octobre 2012) : 489–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00077.

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We compare the link between parents’ schooling and their children’s college-entrance test scores in Israeli kibbutzim (communal villages) and in the general population. Though kibbutzim are committed to an egalitarian ethos and provide all kibbutz children with similar need-based access to educational resources, we still find a substantial link between kibbutz parents’ schooling and their children’s test scores—roughly three-fifths its size in the general population. This confirms the importance of non-pecuniary channels of parental influence on education and provides an informative reference point on the practical scope for reducing origin dependence in education through public policy.

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Herishanu, Y. O., E. Kordysh et J. R. Goldsmith. « A Case-Referent Study of Extrapyramidal Signs (Preparkinsonism) in Rural Communities of Israel ». Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 25, n^o 2 (mai 1998) : 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100033734.

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ABSTRACT:Background:In previous studies we reported an increased prevalence of Parkinson's disease in several kibbutzim of Southern Israel (cluster kibbutzim). Subsequent studies revealed a significant prevalence of subjects presenting extrapyramidal signs (preparkinsonism) in the same kibbutzim. On follow-up worsening of these signs was observed in some of the older subjects, some of them actually being diagnosed as suffering from I-Dopa responsive Parkinson's disease. The current study was designed to evaluate possible etiologic factors for the development of preparkinsonism.Methods:317 subjects over the age of 40, living in five kibbutzim were examined and interviewed. 95 subjects presenting extrapyramidal signs were compared with 95 control subjects. They were matched for age, sex and length of residence in the kibbutz. Odds ratios were computed to identify exposure variables for logistic regression analyses. Detectors for carbamates and organic phosphates were applied at different sites of these kibbutzim.Results:The severity and frequency of the extrapyramidal signs were higher in the older age groups, more in the “cluster”, than in other kibbutzim. A very strong association was found between field crop work exposure, particularly cotton, and preparkinsonism (p = 0.0007) and a slightly weaker association for landscape work. The detectors picked up abundant pesticide traces (carbamates and organic phosphates) in the residential areas fairly distant from sites of aerial spray.Conclusion:We assume a chronic passive exposure of the residents in these kibbutzim to pesticides, in addition to any occupational exposures.

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Sade, Yael, et Eyal Lewin. « The Use of Internal Governance in the Renewed Kibbutz as a Tool for Social Maintenance and Development ». Comparative Sociology 19, n^o 1 (20 mars 2020) : 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10002.

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Abstract The kibbutzim were established over a century ago, obtaining their power from communist and socialist ideologies. In spite of enormous changes, all over the world as well as in Israel, particularly the collapse of Communism and the rise of a capitalistic liberal Western lifestyle, the kibbutzim have maintained their basic social structure. Consequently, the question this research examines is what exactly are the social mechanisms that have enabled this continuity over the years. The answer that this article presents focuses on internal governance as a democratic apparatus. Given that the study of internal governance is an accepted method, the authors surveyed internal governance documents that relate to education and that are openly presented to the general public on the renewal kibbutzim sites. The authors fostered a holistic model developed by Rosenthal (1980), in order to indicate the exact roles of internal governance. Their findings establish the concept that internal governance proves to be a good option for community development and preservation. However, there seems to be a lack of awareness of the possibility of using internal governance more widely as a factor that contributes to the development and preservation of the kibbutz.

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Bowes, Alison M. « The Experiment That did not Fail : Image and Reality in the Israeli Kibbutz ». International Journal of Middle East Studies 22, n^o 1 (février 1990) : 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800033195.

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The kibbutzim of Israel show the world that communal living can be successful, and many observers have asked the questions: Can this success be repeated elsewhere? What are its lessons for other societies? In sociology, the validity and importance of comparative study and the intrinsic interest of the kibbutz way of life cannot be denied.

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Kaye, Alexander. « Religion, Law, and the Dynamics of Intellectual Transmission : Weimar Jurisprudence among Religious Socialists in Israel ». Law and History Review 40, n^o 2 (mai 2022) : 305–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248022000049.

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Weimar legal philosophy enjoyed a surprising prominence in religious kibbutzim. These were communities, established in Palestine/Israel, whose members attempted to create revolutionary utopian societies organized around the principles of socialism, Jewish nationalism, and Orthodox Jewish law. The kibbutzim existed under the shadow of a double crisis: the economic and social upheaval of the era, and the intellectual and spiritual challenge of synthesizing the diverse world views to which they were committed. Remarkably, the legal philosophy developed by the jurists of Weimar Germany – Hans Kelsen and Gustav Radbruch in particular – provided an intellectual framework by which the thinkers of the religious kibbutz navigated these crises.This article identifies references to Weimar jurisprudence in the discourse of the religious kibbutz, and addresses how and why kibbutz thinkers used it to think through issues that were so far removed from interwar Germany. It also expands our understanding of legal and historical phenomena in general, beyond the confines of the study of Israel or Judaism. It explores the ways that jurisprudence may be employed in religious and social thought. It also demonstrates how legal ideas flow along paths of immigration and intellectual exchange, how they can be applied by diverse actors in very different social circumstances, and how law and legal transplants operate, even outside the context of the state.

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Cohen-Mansfield, Jiska, et Uriel Leviatan. « The Importance of the Work Role for Aged Kibbutz Members ». Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 11, n^o 2 (1 septembre 1992) : 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-1992-0011.

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This paper investigates the importance of the work role for elderly people and how it contributes to life satisfaction. Data from the kibbutz population, where gradual retirement is practiced, show that elderly people in the kibbutz clearly wish to continue work as long as possible. Results also indicate that the wish to continue working is coupled with the work domain having a primary importance in their lives. The societal arrangements of the kibbutzim with regard to the work of the elderly seem to facilitate utilization of the work role for the elderly population.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Kibbutzim"

Barromi, Perlman Edna. « Researching photographic representation of biological families in kibbutzim in Israel between 1948 and 1967 : family snaps on kibbutz : do they exist ? » Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442443.

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Lindenau, Mathias Münkler Herfried. « Requiem für einen Traum ? : Transformation und Zukunft der Kibbutzim in der israelischen Gesellschaft / ». Münster, Westf. : LIT, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2968711&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Kedem, Eldad Meshulam. « The kibbutz and Israeli cinema deterritorializing representation and ideology / ». [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2007. http://dare.uva.nl/document/53284.

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Saona, Margarita. « El kibbutz del deseo : familia y nación en Rayuela ». Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/103522.

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Bar-Yoseph, Benjamin A. « Ideology, culture change, and management patterns in the Israeli Kibbutz ». Thesis, City, University of London, 1997. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/19947/.

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This thesis addresses the problem of the cultural change in the Israeli Kibbutz, its relevance to the Kibbutz ideology and its implication on Management patterns in the Kibbutz. The thesis is based on four hypotheses. Two of the hypotheses address the cultural changes and two address the changes in management patterns. The cultural change is hypothesised by assuming a change in life style and a change in the attitude to work as a value. The change in management patterns is hypothesised by assuming a change, at a policy level, of resource allocation and a change in the decision making process. The research includes several stages: • A literature research which established the historic cultural and ideological roots of the Kibbutz movement. • A collection of general statistics of the Kibbutz movement. • Five case studies - An in depth analysis of five individual Kibbutzim. A model of the Kibbutz values and principles is developed and used in analysing the changes in values and principles in the Kibbutz. The outcome of the research reveals that the Kibbutz is changing from an ideology based commune, which prefers values over matter and is ready to sacrifice individual freedom for the ideals, to a more bureaucratic organisation alming for profits that prefers individual freedom on equality and communality. The Kibbutz movement is turning from an agrarian closed system to a technically advanced community with open economy and culture. The research outcomes enhance Bertalaruy's claim that a culture within a culture has to change in order to survive. It also demonstrates that a cultural change is an incremental change. What seems to be a radical change is an aggregate result of several incremental changes. It is suggested that a radical change can not be implemented successfully in an organisation unless broken to incremental changes.

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Dursthoff, Wiebke [Verfasser]. « Kibbutz und Bauhaus : Arieh Sharon und die Moderne in Palästina / Wiebke Dursthoff ». Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2010. http://d-nb.info/103669352X/34.

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Warhurst, Christopher. « The nature and transformation of communal socialism : a case study of kibbutz industry ». Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1994. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19930/.

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The thesis analyses the specificity of kibbutz work organisation. Although also engaging secondary data, utilising a qualitative methodology, empirical data is drawn from a case study kibbutz and its industrial plant. By reference to labour process and neo-institutionalist analyses, this data suggests that the organisation and development of kibbutz industry as a deliberate social construct cannot be adequately understood from the embeddedness of that industry within the kibbutz process, the (pm-) national polity of Israel and the market economy. Further, that embeddedness creates tensions within the management process of kibbutz industry, involving the inability of managers to formally organise and control the labour process, whilst yet expected to make that labour process commensurate with market exigencies. Moreover, the logic of accumulation exerts a transformatory dynamic upon that labour process. Representing the main economic activity of the kibbutz, the industrial labour process is the most immediate and important point of articulation between kibbutz and market economy, such that those delegated the management of kibbutz industrial enterprise on behalf of the kibbutz community must manage those tensions and thereby negotiate the relationship between kibbutz and market economy. The thesis demonstrates that these managers, attempting to negotiate the tensions arising from that embeddedness and articulation initiate transformatory processes within the network of social relations and economic culture of the kibbutz as it shapes the industrial labour process in order to affect market commensurability.

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Shaham, Tsafrira. « A comparative analysis of first and third generations of women on the kibbutz ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288160.

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The research focuses on two generations of women on Kibbutz Ein-Harod (in Israel): the founding generation of women who came from Russia and Poland and established the kibbutz in 1921, and the third generation - the granddaughters of the founders who were born and still live on the kibbutz. About eighty years separate these two groups. The research compares how the two generations view their status and their place in kibbutz society. The place of the women is examined in various areas of life: work and profession; public activity; guarding and defending the kibbutz; femininity, mothering and family. The research on the first generation relied largely on archival material, while the third generation was researched through discussions in a research group setting and in personal interviews. The research is divided as follows: Chapter 1 is a general introduction to the subject and the perspective adopted by the researcher. Chapter 2 reviews the research literature in this field in the order in which the issues are dealt with in the research. Chapter 3, the methodology, deals with the theoretical frame of the research, especially the feminist-gender aspects. Chapter 4 is devoted to the first generation, including a historical review leading up to the establishment of the kibbutz, and the women's stories over two decades. Chapter 5 reviews the situation of the kibbutz today and presents the granddaughters' stories. Chapter 6 is devoted to analysing, comparing and discussing the findings. Chapter 7 present the conclusions and proposals for further research

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Abramovich, Dvir. « Arab-Israeli tensions and Kibbutz life in an early story by Amos Oz ». HATiKVA e.V. – Die Hoffnung Bildungs- und Begegnungsstätte für Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur Sachsen, 2014. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34978.

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Geffen, Matan. « The influence of the Kibbutz community on shaping the value system of its adolescents ». Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427478.

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Livres sur le sujet "Kibbutzim"

Shapira, Reuven. Taḥalufah, nihul u-manhigut ba-ḳibuts : (kolel taḳtsir ʻIvri ṿe-Angli). [Tel Aviv] : Mekhon Goldah Meʾir le-ḥiḳre ʻavodah ṿe-ḥevrah, Universiṭat Tel-Aviv, 1988.

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Reuven, Shapira. Taḥalufah, nihul u-manhigut ba-ḳibuts : (kolel taḳtsir ʻIvri ṿe-Angli). [Tel Aviv] : Mekhon Goldah Meʼir le-ḥiḳre ʻavodah ṿe-ḥevrah, Universiṭat Tel-Aviv, 1988.

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Abraham, Ben-Zvi, dir. ha- Ḳibuts ṿe-ekhut ha-sevivah be-ḥaḳlaʼut uve-taʻaśiyah : Yom ʻiyun meshutaf le-igud ha-taʻaśiyah ha-ḳibutsit ṿe-Yad Ṭabenḳin, 22.05.2000. Ramat Efʻal : Yad Ṭabenḳin, 2001.

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Magen, Amnon. Ben Guryon ṿeha-ḳibuts : Devarim ba-kenes bi-melot 20 shanah li-feṭirato. Ramat Efʻal : Yad Ṭabenḳin, 1995.

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Kochavi-Nehab, Roni. Atarim bi-meḥozot ha-zikaron : Sifre yovel shel ḳibutsim. Ramat Efʻal : Yad Ṭabenḳin, 2006.

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Bedford, John. Kibbutz volunteer. 4^e éd. Oxford : Vacation Work, 1986.

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Leviatan, Uri. Ha-ʼim sofah shel uṭopyah ? : Ha-ḳibuts ha-Yiśreʼeli bi-teḥilat ha-meʼah ha-21 : hartsaʼah merkazit she-nitnah be-khenes ha-Agudah le-meḥḳar ḳoʼoperaṭivim be-Ḳanadah (CASC), Ṭoronṭo 30.5-1.6, 2003. Ḥefah : Universiṭat Ḥefah, ha-Merkaz ha-ḳibutsi, ha-Makhon le-ḥeḳer ha-ḳibuts ṿeha-raʻyon ha-shitufi, 2003.

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Gudefin, Géraldine. Quel avenir pour les kibboutzim d'Israël. Paris : Harmattan, 2007.

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Zamir, Dani. Ḳibuts ba-tsomet. Ḥefah : Universiṭat Ḥefah, ha-Makhon le-ḥeḳer ha-ḳibuts, 1993.

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Pines, Mordechai. Lamah ḳibuts ? : Ḳovets maʼamarim. Givʻat Brener : [ḥ. mo. l.], 1985.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Kibbutzim"

Amir, Ayala. « Chapter 11. “Days of Sun, Playing, and Dreams” ». Dans Children’s Literature, Culture, and Cognition, 254–73. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/clcc.17.11ami.

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After a brief overview of children’s photography books in Israel, this chapter focuses on photobooks that were shot in the kibbutzim. Created mostly by local photographers with an insider’s gaze, these books embody the vision of childhood in a rural, parentless environment protected from the fate of the Oedipal fall and the perils of a changing society. While promoting the vision of the kibbutz by documenting children’s everyday life, some of these books tap into the loss and deprivation in the realized utopia of the kibbutz. The three case studies discussed in the chapter, published between 1961–1968, present various interactions between photographer and writer, images and words, that yielded intricate messages. An analysis of them shows how this variant of the photobook exploited the qualities of the medium and the genre, which combine realism and nostalgia, in order to reveal the underlying tensions in the kibbutz’s vision and way of life.

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Chatterjee, Margaret. « Ashrams and Kibbutzim ». Dans Gandhi and his Jewish Friends, 72–104. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12740-5_4.

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Leviatan, Uriel. « Leadership Ideology and Socioeconomic Inequality : The Case of Israeli Kibbutzim ». Dans Psychological Perspectives on Diversity and Social Development, 201–16. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3341-5_12.

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Fölling-Albers, Maria, et Werner Fölling. « Die phasenspezifische Entwicklung der Kibbutzim und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Erziehungskonzepte und -einrichtungen ». Dans Kibbutz und Kollektiverziehung, 57–106. Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-10469-8_3.

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Meier, Svenja. « Personal Interlocution in Telecollaboration ». Dans Digital Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 117–36. Bielefeld, Germany : transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839462768-007.

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In the past years telecollaboration has gained importance in higher education contexts. For students telecollaborative projects are a chance to take part in cultural exchange and expand the language competences on a minimum cost. Especially since the begin of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 education cannot be viewed without digital sources and the use of technological tools. Therefore, teachers need to be prepared for a globalized world and experience their own and other cultures through technology, whilst extending their intercultural communicative competence. This chapter (paper) examines the forms of personal interlocution of teachers in training based on a case study taken from the Digital and International Virtual Academic Cooperation (DIVA) program from 2021. The participating students from the Kibbutzim College of Education, Technology and the Arts in Tel Aviv (Israel) and the University of Education Ludwigsburg (Germany) joined the project over the course of four weeks. During their online group work via Zoom the students were video recorded. Further data was collected through students' final statements and reflections. However, only the video data is taken into consideration and transcribed for the purpose of this chapter. Taking a phenomenological approach of the collected data, one phenomenon will be discussed in detail. The personal stories of the observed group will be displayed in multimodal descriptions and presented on the base of a cultural discourse analysis (Carbaugh, 2007). The conclusion will then discuss how the individuals express their own narratives and worldview.

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Caplan, Rachel. « Kibbutz ». Dans Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, 1033–35. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_566.

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Halamish, Aviva. « The Kibbutz ». Dans Routledge Handbook on Zionism, 120–30. London : Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003312352-14.

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Fölling-Albers, Maria, et Werner Fölling. « Die Schule im Kibbutz ». Dans Kibbutz und Kollektiverziehung, 213–69. Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-10469-8_6.

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Fölling-Albers, Maria, et Werner Fölling. « Einleitung ». Dans Kibbutz und Kollektiverziehung, 10–14. Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-10469-8_1.

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Fölling-Albers, Maria, et Werner Fölling. « Literatur ». Dans Kibbutz und Kollektiverziehung, 307–19. Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-10469-8_10.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Kibbutzim"

Monga, M. « From Bazaar to Kibbutz : how freedom deals with coherence in the Debian project ». Dans "Collaboration, Conflict and Control : The 4th Workshop on Open Source Software Engineering" W8S Workshop - 26th International Conference on Software Engineering. IEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20040268.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Kibbutzim"

Oron, Gideon, Raphi Mandelbaum, Carlos E. Enriquez, Robert Armon, Yoseph Manor, L. Gillerman, A. Alum et Charles P. Gerba. Optimization of Secondary Wastewater Reuse to Minimize Environmental Risks. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573077.bard.

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The main purpose of the research was to examine approaches and to evaluate methods for minimizing the risks during applying treated domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation. This general purpose consisted of examining under field conditions the possibilities when implementing different application technologies for minimizing health and environmental risks. It was assumed that Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) will provide adequate conditions for safe effluent reuse. Controlled field experiments where conducted in commercial fields to evaluate the alternatives. Main efforts where conducted in Israel in the grape vineyard in Arad heights, in the field crops in Kibbutz Chafets Chaim and in Arizona in fields adjacent to the University campus. The complementary part was to examine the behavior of the various pathogens in the effluent-soil-plant system. The analysis is based on controlled experiments, primarily in greenhouse along with field experiments. Molecular biology methods were used to identify the behavior of the pathogens in the components of the system. The project included as well examining the effluent quality in various sites, primarily those in which treated wastewater is reused for agricultural irrigation. The monitoring included conventional parameters however, also parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium. The results obtained indicate the prominent advantages of using Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) method for minimizing health and environmental risks during application of secondary effluent. A theoretical model for assessing the risks while applying treated wastewater was completed as well. The management model shows the risks during various scenarios of wastewater quality, application technology and related human exposure.

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