Articles de revues : « Latrines »

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Hailu, Kidist, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu et Metadel Adane. « Barriers to cleaning of shared latrines in slums of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». PLOS ONE 17, n^o 3 (10 mars 2022) : e0263363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263363.

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Shared latrines and other shared sanitation facilities are vital for communities that lack private latrines. However, the cleanliness of shared latrines continues to be a problem in sub-Saharan Africa, including slums of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Investigating the barriers to cleaning of shared latrines may inform the future strengthening of comprehensive sanitation programs in slums of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Thus, a community-based unmatched case–control study was conducted among 100 case and 200 control households that were users of shared latrines from September to November 2017 in a slum district in Addis Ababa. Cases were those who had not cleaned their shared latrines and controls were those who had cleaned their shared latrines at least once during the week prior to data collection. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and an on-the-spot-observational checklist and analyzed using bivariate (crude odds ratio [COD]) and multivariable (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]) unconditional logistic regression model. Variables having a p-value of less than 0.25 from the bivariate logistic regression analysis were retained into multivariable analysis. From the multivariable analysis, variables with p<0.05 were declared as factors significantly associated with barriers to cleaning of shared latrines. We found that about half 99 (49.5%) of shared latrines used by cases and almost one-third 32 (32.0%) of the shared latrines used by controls had visible cracks and spaces in the floor and slabs. The barriers to cleaning of shared latrines were found to be monthly household income of less than $55.60 USD (AOR = 1.80; 95%CI: 1.2–3.10), users feeling a lack of privacy during latrine use (AOR = 2.95; 95% CI: 1.60–5.43), no locking latch on the latrine door (AOR = 4.60; 95% CI: 2.43–8.79), inadequate ventilation of latrine (AOR: 4.88; 95% CI: 2.44–9.63), lack of regular monitoring of latrine by health extension workers (AOR = 2.86; 95%CI: 1.32–6.21) and a lack of enough water at home for cleaning the latrine (AOR = 4.91; 95% CI: 1.07–9.48). This study found several barriers to cleaning of shared latrines in slums of Addis Ababa. We recommend that stakeholders promote cleaning of shared latrines by designing programs to improve latrine privacy by adding or modifying the superstructure and including a door with locking latch, to make adjustments to the structure for better ventilation, to ensure regular monitoring of latrines by health extension workers and to make enough water consistently available for regular latrine cleaning.

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Roper, T. J., L. Conradt, J. Butler, S. E. Christian, J. Ostler et T. K. Schmid. « Territorial Marking With Faeces in Badgers (Meles Meles) : a Comparison of Boundary and Hinterland Latrine Use ». Behaviour 127, n^o 3-4 (1993) : 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853993x00074.

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Abstract Badgers (Meles meles) defecate, urinate and scent mark at latrines which seem to have a territorial function. The main aim of the present study was to compare defecation patterns at boundary and hinterland latrines, in order to test the hypothesis that these two types of latrine have a similar function. We investigated latrine use by means of a year-round survey of all the latrines in 7 badger territories, by bait-marking of 15 territories, and by monitoring latrine use in 6 radio-collared badgers belonging to three social groups. The spatial distribution of latrines within a territory was bimodal, with the greatest densities oflatrines close to the outside, and close to the centre, of the territory respectively. Boundary latrines were larger and more consistently used than hinterland latrines, but these differences could be accounted for by the fact that boundary latrines are visited by the members of more than one social group. Defecation at latrines was subject to seasonal variation, with a major peak in latrine use in spring and a minor peak in autumn. The spring peak was largely attributable to an increase in the use of hinterland latrines, the autumn peak to an increase in the use of boundary latrines. Males visited boundary latrines considerably more often than did females, but both sexes visited hinterland latrines equally often. Overmarking occurred equally often at both types of latrine and involved animals from the same as well as from different groups, but there was a significant tendency for more between-group than within-group overmarking. Overmarking occurred mainly on fresh, as opposed to old, faeces deposits. The sex and seasonal differences in use of boundary latrines suggest that these function at least partly as a form of mate-guarding, to deter neighbouring males from entering a territory for mating purposes. It is less clear why females mark at hinterland latrines. One possibility, consistent with the observed spatial distribution of hinterland latrines, is that they function to defend the main burrow system, which is used for breeding; another is that they carry information about social status. Overmarking probably serves to obliterate the marks of competitors, which are members of neighbouring social groups in the case of boundary latrines, but may be members of the same social group in the case of hinterland latrines. We conclude that previous ideas about the function of territoriality in badgers, and about the information conveyed by latrines, are oversimplified.

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Susianto, Steven Christian, Israna Israna, Izaratul Haque, Melyana Habibie, Sri Mentari Br Ginting et Jeni Novita Anggraini. « Latrines Problem, Defecation Behavior, and Implementation of GERBANG JASA in Murtajih Village, Pamekasan, Indonesia ». Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research 3, n^o 1 (21 juin 2022) : 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jcmphr.v3i1.31045.

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Unhealthy latrines and defecation behaviors are associated with a higher diarrhea and stunting incidence. The authors developed Healthy Latrine Building Program (GERAKAN BANGUN JAMBAN SEHAT), which is was abbreviated as Gerbang Jasa, to improve latrine problems and long-term effort to prevent stunting. This study aimed to describe the latrine problems and implementation of Gerbang Jasa in Murtajih Village, Pamekasan., Indonesia This research was a descriptive study and involved all families with unhealthy or sharing latrines in Telaga Sari and Pao Gading, Murtajih. We assessed the knowledge and family characteristics through a questionnaire and collected children’s height and age under five years. Thirty families were included in this study, 16 from Pao Gading and 14 from the Telaga Sari. Half of them used unhealthy latrine (cemplung) and the others shared latrines, 59% of farmer occupation and most of them had income under Rp.1.000.000,00. Meanwhile, 12 children under five years from their family was not stunted. During our movement, the authors got funds Rp 18.261.000,00 and successfully built 63,3% latrines with sept tank, 16,7% of latrines only and all the unhealthy latrines were closed by subject. Farmer occupation, family income under Rp 1.000.000,00 were the most cause of latrines problems. Meanwhile, Gerbang jasa could improve latrines problem in Murtajih Village, Pamekasan.

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Rahman, Mahbubur, Mahfuza Islam, Solaiman Doza, Abu Mohammed Naser, Abul Kasham Shoab, Julia Rosenbaum, Md Shariful Islam, Leanne Unicomb, Thomas F. Clasen et Ayse Ercumen. « Higher helminth ova counts and incomplete decomposition in sand-enveloped latrine pits in a coastal sub-district of Bangladesh ». PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, n^o 6 (23 juin 2022) : e0010495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010495.

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Pit latrines are the most common latrine technology in rural Bangladesh, and untreated effluent from pits can directly contaminate surrounding aquifers. Sand barriers installed around the latrine pit can help reduce contamination but can also alter the decomposition of the fecal sludge and accelerate pit fill-up, which can counteract their benefits. We aimed to evaluate whether there was a difference in decomposition of fecal sludge and survival of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) ova among latrines where a 50-cm sand barrier was installed surrounding and at the bottom of the pit, compared to latrines without a sand barrier, in coastal Bangladesh. We assessed decomposition in latrine pits by measuring the carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of fecal sludge. We enumerated Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura ova in the pit following 18 and 24 months of latrine use. We compared these outcomes between latrines with and without sand barriers using generalized linear models with robust standard errors to adjust for clustering at the village level. The C/N ratio in latrines with and without a sand barrier was 13.47 vs. 22.64 (mean difference: 9.16, 95% CI: 0.15, 18.18). Pits with sand barriers filled more quickly and were reportedly emptied three times more frequently than pits without; 27/34 latrines with sand barriers vs. 9/34 latrines without barriers were emptied in the previous six months. Most reported disposal methods were unsafe. Compared to latrines without sand barriers, latrines with sand barriers had significantly higher log10 mean counts of non-larvated A. lumbricoides ova (log10 mean difference: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.58) and T. trichiura ova (log10 mean difference: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.73). Larvated ova counts were similar for the two types of latrines for both A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. Our findings suggest that sand barriers help contain helminth ova within the pits but pits with barriers fill up more quickly, leading to more frequent emptying of insufficiently decomposed fecal sludge. Further research is required on latrine technologies that can both isolate pathogens from the environment and achieve rapid decomposition.

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Paramita, Renita Diah, et Lilis Sulistyorini. « The Household’s Attitude Impacts The Low Use of Latrines in RW 02 Gempolklutuk, Tarik, Sidoarjo ». JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 8, n^o 2 (5 juillet 2016) : 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v8i2.2016.184-194.

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Abstract: Gempolklutuk is village with the lowest of access latrines achievement in Tarik, Sidoarjo. The low of access latrines achievements show that there are people who still defecate in the river.This research was to analyze the influence factors toward the low use of latrines in RW 02 Gempolklutuk, Tarik, Sidoarjo. This research was analytic with cross sectional design. The samples was taken from population by simple random sampling. Interviews was held to 57 household’s in RW 02, Desa Gempolklutuk. The instrument used questionnaire. The collected data was sorted and analyzed. The analysis showed that household’s attitude have infl uence toward the low use of latrines (p-value = 0.000). Good household’s attitude will be followed by good use of latrines. The moderate household’s attitude become barrier of using latrine. Education and income level, knowledge, house distance to river, family and community support factors had no effect in using latrine. It is concluded that household’s attitude was the most infl uence factor toward the low use of latrines. It is suggested to health worker or Sidoarjo’s Health Department to giving guidance for household’s who didn’t have latrines to increase using latrine.Keywords: attitude, household, latrine

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McGinnis, Shannon, Dianna Marini, Prakash Amatya et Heather Murphy. « Bacterial Contamination on Latrine Surfaces in Community and Household Latrines in Kathmandu, Nepal ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n^o 2 (17 janvier 2019) : 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020257.

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A lack of sanitation infrastructure is a major contributor to the global burden of diarrheal disease, particularly in low-income countries. Access to basic sanitation was identified as part of the 2015 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, current definitions of “basic” sanitation infrastructure exclude community or shared sanitation, due to concerns around safety, equity, and cleanliness. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare bacterial contamination on community and household latrine surfaces in Kathmandu, Nepal. One hundred and nineteen swab samples were collected from two community and five household latrines sites. Community latrine samples were taken before and after daily cleaning, while household samples were collected at midday, to reflect normal conditions. Concentrations of total coliforms and Escherichia coli were measured using membrane filtration methods. Results found almost no differences between bacterial contamination on latrine surfaces in community and household latrines, with the exception of latrine slabs/seats that were more contaminated in the community latrines under dirty conditions. The study also identified surfaces with higher levels of contamination. Findings demonstrated that well-maintained community latrines may be as clean, or cleaner, than household latrines and support the use of community latrines for improving access to sanitation infrastructure in a low-income country setting.

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ifeuzu, Ugwu Francis, et Prof Agunwamba Jonah Chukwuemeka. « Development of Models for the Rational Design of Different Shapes of Pit Latrine ». Indian Journal of Environment Engineering 1, n^o 1 (10 mai 2021) : 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijee.a1802.051121.

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Specific models for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes and sizes are presently non-existent. What exist are general design models irrespective of the shape and size of latrine which may not give the actual design parameters needed. This research was limited to the derivation of models that will aid the design of the capacity of pit latrines of different shapes and dimensions for different population of users and under different soil formations and ground conditions. The objective of this research was to derive models for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes using data collected from 500 different household pit latrines already filled up. Thus, models were derived for different latrine pit shapes and sizes using data collected through the administration of designed questionnaire on 500 households having pit latrines already filled up. Models were developed specifically for different latrine shapes whereas those of other researchers were generalized. These models were calibrated and verified for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes and sizes. The regression coefficients for calibration were 0.75, 0.65, and 0.50 and for verification are 0.97, 0.98 and 0.99 for square, circular and rectangular pits respectively. The implication of this research is availability of design models for the construction of different pit latrine shapes.

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ifeuzu, Ugwu Francis, et Prof Agunwamba Jonah Chukwuemeka. « Development of Models for the Rational Design of Different Shapes of Pit Latrine ». Indian Journal of Environment Engineering 1, n^o 1 (10 mai 2021) : 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijee.a1802.051121.

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Specific models for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes and sizes are presently non-existent. What exist are general design models irrespective of the shape and size of latrine which may not give the actual design parameters needed. This research was limited to the derivation of models that will aid the design of the capacity of pit latrines of different shapes and dimensions for different population of users and under different soil formations and ground conditions. The objective of this research was to derive models for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes using data collected from 500 different household pit latrines already filled up. Thus, models were derived for different latrine pit shapes and sizes using data collected through the administration of designed questionnaire on 500 households having pit latrines already filled up. Models were developed specifically for different latrine shapes whereas those of other researchers were generalized. These models were calibrated and verified for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes and sizes. The regression coefficients for calibration were 0.75, 0.65, and 0.50 and for verification are 0.97, 0.98 and 0.99 for square, circular and rectangular pits respectively. The implication of this research is availability of design models for the construction of different pit latrine shapes.

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Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli, Tri Joko et Anggi Bela Saputri. « Determinants of latrine utilization in Munggur Village, Mojogedang District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java ». E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020) : 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020202007.

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The use of latrines by the community will affect the incidence of ducts, such as diarrhea. The Karanganyar Regency Government has built communal latrines to reduce open defecation, however is not yet optimal and there are still many open defecation communities (BABS). This study aims to examine the determinants of latrine utilization by the community. Observational research has been carried out with Cross-Sectional design. A total of 83 family heads from 578 populations were taken by proportional random sampling as research subjects. The variables examined in this study include knowledge, attitudes, latrine ownership, availability of clean water, support from community leaders and health workers, and latrine utilization. Data collection is done by interview and direct observation of research objects, with questionnaire instruments and observation sheets. Research data were analyzed by Chi-Square Test. As many as 18.1% of the people do not use latrines to defecate. Statistical analysis showed that there was a relationship between attitudes, latrine ownership, availability of clean water, and support from community leaders with the practice of using latrines in daily bowel movements with p-values of < 0.05, respectively. This research concludes that the attitude of the community, latrine ownership, availability of clean water, and community support greatly influenced the practice of using latrines for defecation.

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Agustina, Dewi, Anastasya Khairiah, Annisa Ramadhani et Putri Aulia Azmi. « SIKAP MASYARAKAT TENTANG PEMANFAATAN JAMBAN KELUARGA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PEMBANTU NELAYAN, KELURAHAN NELAYAN INDAH, KECAMATAN MEDAN LABUHAN ». Jurnal Abdi Mas Adzkia 2, n^o 2 (31 janvier 2022) : 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/adzkia.v2i2.10284.

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Abstract A latrine is a building that is used to be called a place to dispose of and collect human waste or najis, usually a latrine/WC. So that the results will be stored in a certain place and not be the cause or spread of disease and pollute the residential environment (Depkes RI, 2003). This research was conducted to determine the description of community behavior regarding the use of family latrines in the Nelayan Indah Village, Medan Labuhan District. Data collection was done by interview and observation. The research instrument used an observation sheet in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the research on family latrine ownership of 120 respondents showed that 92.5% had a latrine and 7.5% did not. the results of the research on the use of family latrines from 120 respondents showed that 90.8% used latrines and 9.2% did not use latrines. The results of this study indicate that the knowledge, attitudes and actions of the community in the fishing village of Indah in the ownership and use of latrines are quite good. The community already knows the importance of using good healthy family latrines and completely avoiding diseases caused by dirt or feces

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Orgill-Meyer, Jennifer. « Interaction of village and school latrines on educational outcomes in India ». Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, n^o 4 (1 juin 2020) : 618–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.049.

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Abstract Research has shown that improved sanitation environments can lead to better educational outcomes. Similarly, there is some evidence that school latrines may also improve school enrollment and attendance, particularly for girls. This paper explores the interaction effect of village-level latrine coverage and school latrines on child educational outcomes. The overall improved sanitation conditions from higher latrine coverage and the presence of school latrines might produce an additive effect and improve educational outcomes even further. Using multiple years of data from the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) in India, this paper shows that there is no evidence of an additive effect. However, across multiple models, village-level latrine coverage is associated with lower school dropout rates and higher test scores, particularly among girls. School latrines do not appear to have a strong positive association with educational outcomes.

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Chiposa, Rashid, Rochelle H. Holm, Chimuleke Munthali, Russel C. G. Chidya et Francis L. de los Reyes. « Characterization of pit latrines to support the design and selection of emptying tools in peri-urban Mzuzu, Malawi ». Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, n^o 1 (24 janvier 2017) : 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.096.

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The urban areas of many low-income countries must balance a rising demand for pit latrines for household sanitation provision against limitations in space, resulting in a need for pit latrine emptying services. This study was undertaken in the peri-urban neighborhood of Area 1B in the city of Mzuzu, Malawi, to examine the characteristics of household pit latrines for designing and selecting pit latrine emptying tools. We used 150 structured household surveys and field observations. From this, a subset was selected and 30 manual cone penetrometer tests were conducted at full latrines. Chemical oxygen demand analysis was also performed for 14 pit latrines. The results indicated that in addition to serving as a disposal for fecal matter, 90% of households also used pit latrines for domestic waste. Only 10% of the studied pit latrines were lined. The filling rate in the study area is calculated to be about three years, and no respondents reported previous emptying. It is suggested pit latrine emptying technology development focuses on a maximum tool diameter of 10 cm to fit through the keyhole (squat hole) and height of 146 cm to fit inside the superstructure, as well as supporting unlined pits and the ability to pump trash.

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Whitworth, Andrew, Lawrence Whittaker, Ruthmery Pillco Huarcaya, Eleanor Flatt, Marvin Lopez Morales, Danielle Connor, Marina Garrido Priego, Adrian Forsyth et Chris Beirne. « Spider Monkeys Rule the Roost : Ateline Sleeping Sites Influence Rainforest Heterogeneity ». Animals 9, n^o 12 (1 décembre 2019) : 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121052.

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The sleeping site behavior of Ateline primates has been of interest since the 1980s, yet limited focus has been given to their influence upon other rainforest species. Here, we use a combination of arboreal and terrestrial camera traps, and dung beetle pitfall traps, to characterize spider monkey sleeping site use and quantify the impact of their associated latrines on terrestrial vertebrate and dung beetle activity. We also characterize the physical characteristics of the sleeping sites and the floristic and soil composition of latrines beneath them. Spider monkey activity at sleeping sites peaked at dawn and dusk and group composition varied by sex of the adults detected. The habitat-use of terrestrial fauna (vertebrates and dung beetles) differed between latrine sites and non-latrine controls, underpinned by species-specific changes in the relative abundance of several seed-dispersing species (such as paca and great curassow). Seedling density was higher in latrines than in non-latrine controls. Although most soil properties were similar between latrines and controls, potassium and manganese concentrations were different. These results suggest that spider monkey sleeping site fidelity leads to a hotspot of ecological activity in latrines and downstream impacts on rainforest floristic composition and diversity.

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Deshmukh, Sunil, Shreeshail Ghooli et Ravi S. Kurle. « A study to assess the awareness and practice regarding utilization of sanitary toilet in the rural villages of Kalaburagi district ». International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, n^o 3 (27 février 2020) : 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200988.

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Background: As there is some improvement in sanitary latrine use and safe disposal of child faeces which is the one of the important goal of millennium development goals, awareness, practice and lack of community and household sanitary latrines is still a major problem. The objective was to study awareness and practice about use of sanitary latrine in villages.Methods: The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice in rural villages of Kalaburagi District, Karnataka, India. The study sample consist a total of 500 participants.Results: The prevalence of usage of sanitary latrines was 40%. The prevalence of open air defecation in the study was 97.4%. There was significant association between belief, low standard of living and open air defecation.Conclusions: To overcome the underutilization problem of sanitary latrines in rural areas is to provide quality household and community sanitary latrines along with the provision for creating awareness among the population regarding the benefit of using sanitary latrine.

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Nurussabil, Andi Ahmadiyah, T. Samsul Hilal et Ahmad Husaini. « Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Penggunaan Jamban Di Desa Sugai Terap Kecamatan Kumpeh Ulu Kabupaten Muaro Jambi ». KESMAS UWIGAMA : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 7, n^o 1 (28 juin 2021) : 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/kujkm.v7i1.1182.

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Background: The use of latrines in the village is still unhealthy because of the habits of the people who use pit latrines in the river. The impact of not using latrines is causing diseases, causing odor , and cause pollution. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to to determine the relationship between education, clean water facilities, the role of health workers, the role of community leaders, knowledge of using latrines Research Metodes: This type of research is descriptive analytic with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used simple random sampling, the sample was all household in the Sungai Terap 90 people. The analysis used the chi-square test. Results: There is no relationship between education and latrine use, the p-value is 0.957. There is a relationship between clean water facilities and the use of latrines, the p-value is 0.000. There is no relationship between the role of health workers and the use of latrines, the p-value is 0.189. There is a relationship between the role of community leaders and the use of latrines, the p-value is 0.000. There is a relationship between knowledge and latrine use. Conclusion: There is no relationship between education and the role of health workers

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Woyessa, Eshetu Teshome, Tesfaye Ashenafi, Zemachu Ashuro et Amanuel Ejeso. « Latrine Utilization and Associated Factors Among Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene (CLTSH) Implemented Kebeles in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia : A Cross-Sectional Study ». Environmental Health Insights 16 (janvier 2022) : 117863022211148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302221114819.

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Background: In developing countries, open defecation is still a major health issue. While there has been a great deal of empirical research on latrine coverage. But little is known about household latrine utilization behavior. The objective of this study was to assess latrine utilization and associated factors among Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene (CLTSH) implemented kebeles in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 585 randomly selected households in Gurage Zone’s rural Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene (CLTSH) implemented kebeles. The data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed in SPSS version 20. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with latrine utilization, and a P-value < .05 was used to declare significance. Results: In this study, 65.8% of households used latrines [95% CI: 61.8%-69.8%]. The odds of using a latrine were higher in households with less than 5 family members [AOR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.33-4.84], in households with no vegetation around their latrines [AOR = 4.56, 95% CI: 2.27-9.18], households with clean latrines [AOR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.17-4.12], households with latrines located <6 m from the dwellers [AOR = 5.94, 95% CI: 3.13-1.27], households with latrines located 6 to 10 m from the dwellers [AOR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.93-8.03], households head not attending formal education [AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.13-0.44], households without school children [AOR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08-0.28], households owned latrine for less than 1 year’s [AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.12-0.49], Households owned latrine for 1 to 3 year’s [AOR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.25-0.64], and latrine that does not require maintenance 1.94 [AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.04-3.61], were significantly associated with latrine utilization. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that open field defecation is still practiced by households in CLTSH implemented kebeles. Therefore, to improve latrine utilization, community awareness must be raised through regular training on proper latrine construction, latrine usage, and sanitation and hygiene practices.

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Andi Ahmadiyah Nurussabil, T. Samsul Hilal et Ahmad Husaini. « Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Penggunaan Jamban Di Desa Sungai Terap Kecamatan Kumpeh Ulu Kabupaten Muaro Jambi ». KESMAS UWIGAMA : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 7, n^o 1 (30 juin 2021) : 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/kujkm.v7i1.1138.

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Background: The use of latrines in the village is still unhealthy because of the habits of the people who use pit latrines in the river. The impact of not using latrines is causing diseases, causing odor , and cause pollution. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to to determine the relationship between education, clean water facilities, the role of health workers, the role of community leaders, knowledge of using latrines Research Metodes: This type of research is descriptive analytic with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used simple random sampling, the sample was all household in the Sungai Terap 90 people. The analysis used the chi-square test. Results: There is no relationship between education and latrine use, the p-value is 0.957. There is a relationship between clean water facilities and the use of latrines, the p-value is 0.000. There is no relationship between the role of health workers and the use of latrines, the p-value is 0.189. There is a relationship between the role of community leaders and the use of latrines, the p-value is 0.000. There is a relationship between knowledge and latrine use. Conclusion: There is no relationship between education and the role of health workers Keywords: latrines, education, clean water facilities, the role of health workers, the role of community leaders, knowledge

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Kusparlina, Eny Pemilu. « Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kepemilikan Jamban Sehat di Desa Nambangan Kidul Manguharjo Kota Madiun ». Jurnal Delima Harapan 8, n^o 2 (30 août 2021) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31935/delima.v8i2.114.

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ABSTRACT The World Bank states that the 2018 data 22% of Indonesian people has not had a sanitation facility (latrine). The existence of latrines in Indonesia, according to World Bank data in 2015 about 22% of Indonesia's population does not have latrines. The coverage of national guard to urban areas with 79% and 49% for rural areas. Most of the sludge removal used the river or dug wells which do not have the requirements of health latrine and contiminate the ground water. Based on the data obtained from the Health Center Community Manguharjo in 2019 of 855 homes were inspected as many as 530 households, households have basic sanitation facilities such as latrines in the Health Center Community Manguharjo downstream for 420 households or 79%. This study aims to determine the relationship between the factors of income, knowledge, and attitude, with the ownership of latrines in Madiun City, Manguharjo. The research method used observational design with cross sectional approach. The sample are mothers who have children under five do not have latrines that 64 respondents. The sampling technique used random sampling. Statistical analysis used chi square test. Decision of research hypothesis testing based on the significance level of 5% (p = 0.05) and confidence interval (CI) 95%. The result showed that there are relationship between income and the latrine ownership (p = 0.037), knowledge (p = 0.037) and attitude (p = 0.037). The result showed no relationship between education (p = 0196), and the role of health care workers (p = 1.000) with the ownership of latrines in the Madiun City, Manguharjo. Keywords: Latrine, income, knowledge, attitude.

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Yusfita, Ermi. « FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM KEPEMILIKAN JAMBAN KELUARGA DI GANTING PARAK GADANG KECAMATAN PADANG TIMUR KOTA PADANG TAHUN 2019 ». Ensiklopedia Sosial Review 4, n^o 1 (6 février 2022) : 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33559/esr.v4i1.845.

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Disposal of feces is one of the waste materials that brings many problems in the health sector such as the increased risk of infectious diseases. Provision of feces disposal facilities is closely related to the level of economy, education and knowledge. Based on the initial survey of 20 houses in Ganting Parak Gadang, 15 houses (75%) did not have latrines. The purpose of this study is to find out the Factors Associated with Community Participation with Family Latrine Ownership in Ganting Parak Gadang Padang Timur District, Padang City in 2019. From the results of the univariate analysis showed that most (78.4%) families did not have latrines and from the results of observations found 21 families had latrines that met the requirements. Most (57.5%) respondents stated that the role of health workers was not good as a result of bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the economic level and latrine ownership (P Value = 0.026): OR = 4.579). Multivariate results show that the most related are the economic level and the role of officers (P value= 0.000). It is recommended to health workers in Ganting Parak Gadang health center in Padang Timur City, Padang City Extension to family heads who do not have family latrines to immediately build family latrines and will have an impact on health if they do not have latrines and provide counseling to the community so as to increase community awareness family toilet.Keywords: Latrine Procurement, Knowledge Level, Education, Economy.

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Kumwenda, Save, Chisomo Msefula, Wilfred Kadewa, Bagrey Ngwira, Tracy Morse et Jeroen H. J. Ensink. « Knowledge, attitudes and practices on use of Fossa Alternas and double vault urine diverting dry (DVUDD) latrines in Malawi ». Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, n^o 4 (20 octobre 2016) : 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.177.

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Fossa Alternas and double vault urine diverting dry (DVUDD) latrines have been extensively promoted as ecological sanitation (EcoSan) latrine options in Malawi, but little is known about whether they are used properly. A qualitative study of EcoSan users was conducted in Blantyre and Chikwawa districts, Malawi. Data were collected using in-depth interviews (IDIs). Twenty-eight (28) and seventeen (17) IDIs were conducted with household heads that had Fossa Alternas and DVUDD latrines, respectively. Recorded data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Of the total 45 EcoSan users, 40 had moderate to high knowledge on EcoSan latrine use, four had low knowledge and only one had no knowledge of how EcoSan latrines operate. Blockages of urine diversion systems, intensive management and maintenance needed for the latrines were reported as some problems related to the negative attitudes about EcoSan use. Use of soil and ash, urine diverting, use of hot water and chemicals to kill maggots, urinating in the drop-hole of the DVUDDs and poor maintenance of the roof were some of the practices reported on use of these latrines. It is therefore recommended that government, through community workers, should be monitoring practices on EcoSan latrine use and provide necessary support to users.

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Obeng, Peter Appiah, Panin Asirifua Obeng et Eric Awere. « Design and construction of household ventilated improved pit latrines : gaps between conventional technical guidelines and construction practices in Cape Coast, Ghana ». Water Practice and Technology 14, n^o 4 (24 septembre 2019) : 825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.067.

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Abstract This study was conducted to identify the gaps that exist between ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine construction practices in Cape Coast, Ghana, and conventional technical guidelines, and to assess how any non-compliance with technical guidelines influences the users' perception of odour and fly nuisances. An inspection guide was used to assess 127 VIP latrines, while a questionnaire survey was used to obtain feedback from 211 users of the latrines on their perception of odour and fly nuisance. Not a single latrine was found to be fitted with a vent pipe that satisfied the recommended diameter of 150 mm. Aside from the vent pipe diameter, only 5.5% of latrines complied with all four other design guidelines that were assessed. However, with the exception of failure to install insect screens on vent pipes, which was associated with the users seeing flies in the latrine cubicles, failure to comply with other guidelines did not necessarily lead to significantly higher user perception of the targeted nuisance. The findings of the study suggest that user perception of odour in their latrines may be more influenced by non-structural factors such as the management or cleanliness of the latrines rather than their structural designs.

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Mubatsi, Johnson B., Solomon Tsebeni Wafula, Samuel Etajak, Tonny Ssekamatte, John Bosco Isunju, Ceaser Kimbugwe, Moses Olweny et al. « Latrine characteristics and maintenance practices associated with pit latrine lifetime in an informal settlement in Kampala, Uganda ». Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 11, n^o 4 (14 juin 2021) : 657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.032.

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Abstract This study assessed latrine characteristics and maintenance practices associated with an extended pit latrine lifetime in an informal settlement in Kampala, Uganda. Data were obtained from 306 respondents on sociodemographic characteristics, their private pit latrine characteristics and latrine lifetime. A modified Poisson regression was used to model the latrine characteristics and maintenance practices associated with the pit latrine lifetime. All analyses were performed using Stata 14 software. Approximately 23.5% of the pit latrines had a lifetime of less than 2 years, and most latrines were reportedly desludged (64.7%) or regularly cleaned for maintenance (27.1%) as a way of extending lifetime. Pit latrine lifetime extension was higher in male-headed households (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.25), households with a smaller number of users (unshared vs shared latrines) (PR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.29) and where desludging of pits was regularly done (PR 1.53, 95% CI 1.17–1.99), while post-primary education level was negatively associated with extended latrine lifetime (PR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77–0.99). Deliberate efforts, including sensitizing communities on desludging and provision of non-shared household sanitary facilities, are needed to improve latrine maintenance and consequently extend latrine lifetime.

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Apriyanti, Laeli, Bagoes Widjanarko et Budi Laksono. « Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemanfaatan Jamban Keluarga di Kecamatan Jatibarang Kabupaten Brebes ». Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia 14, n^o 1 (21 novembre 2018) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpki.14.1.1-14.

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Background: Based on Basic of Health Research in 2013, as many as 39-40 million people still defecated carelessly, including those who dumped their waste into the river. In Brebes Regency in 2017, the District Budget Fund has built 1298 latrines for poor families. But from the evaluation and preliminary studies reported that there are still many families that have not utilized the latrine to the fullest. This study aims to analyze the factors influence the utilization of family latrines in Jatibarang Subdistrict, Brebes Regency.Method: This study is an analytic observational design using a cross sectional approach to analyze the factors influence the use of family latrines. The sample of this study was selected purposively as many as 103 heads of households involved who met the inclusion criteria, namely families who received latrine program through the district budget funds from 3 villages in Jatibarang Subdistrict.Results: There is a significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes, defecation habits, and family support with the use of family latrines. There is no significant relationship between education level, family income, health worker support, community leaders support, availability of clean water, distance a place to defecate in addition to latrines on the use of family latrines. It is recommended that increasing knowledge and attitudes to respondents as well as supports from family were also needed in improving utilizing latrines.

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Syafaria Meilianti, Yulia et Susilawati. « Description Of Community Knowledge And Behavior Level On Healthy Latrine Ownership In Kubu Village ». JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KESEHATAN BORNEO 2, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2021) : 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30602/jtkb.v2i2.48.

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One of the important efforts to improve health status was the procurement of a healthy environment for the community, one of which was having a healthy latrine. Owning a latrine was included in the basic sanitation needed to create a clean and healthy environment. With the availability of latrines that met health requirements it could avoid environmental-based diseases, such as typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery and diarrhea. This study aimed to describe the level of knowledge and behavior of the community towards the ownership of healthy latrines in Kubu Village, Kubu District, Kubu Raya Regency. This type of research used descriptive research. The research population was 1583 families and the sample taken was 94 families using the Slovin formula. The results of this study indicated the level of knowledge was not good (70.2%), good knowledge (29.8%), good behavior (63.8%), bad behavior (36.2%). Ownership of healthy latrines (82.7%), ownership of healthy latrines (17.3%). The conclusion from the results of this study was ownership of healthy latrines has a relationship with respondents' knowledge and affects community behavior in accessing basic sanitation

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J., Nyabayo C., Chemoiwa E. J., Mwamburi L., Jepkogei R. M. et Albert Kimutai. « The effects of vertical and horizontal separations between pit latrine and hand dug well on contamination water by human fecal matter in Bomachoge Borabu, Kenya. » International Journal of Bioassays 5, n^o 09 (31 août 2016) : 4782. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.09.001.

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In developed world, water diseases are rare due to presence of efficient water supply and human wastes disposal systems (Jorge et al., 2010). However, in developing countries like Kenya, are characterized by inadequate basic resources such as safe drinking water and sewerage disposal facilities. This is due to rapid population growth. Consequently, use of pit latrines and hand dug wells are commonly used. There is concern that pit latrines may cause ecological and human health effects associated with pathogenic and chemical contaminations of ground water sources by hand dug wells. In Kenya, pit latrine disposal method could be a main source of ground water contamination. Contaminants from pit latrines excreta can potentially leach into groundwater, causing human health risks through contamination of hand dug well water. In this study we assessed vertical separation between the depths of pit latrines and hand dug wells and the horizontal separation between wells and pit latrines. These assessments were to establish the separation distance that can allow the pathogens to die off naturally or leach to underground water. A cross-sectional study design was used. The study areas of Bomachoge Borabu sub county were; Magenche, Bokimonge, Bombaba and Boochi, targeting hand dug wells and pit latrines usage within homesteads. Methods of data collection used in the study were questionnaires, measurements and laboratory water analysis. The results revealed that hand dug well water was significantly (p<0.05) contaminated with faecal coliforms in all study sites. In addition, usage of pit latrines and wells was significant (p<0.05) too. Over 60% of the population used both pit latrine system and hand dug wells for faecal disposal and as water source respectively. These results also showed that the minimum horizontal separation distance between pit latrine and hand dug well was 60 meters and vertical separation distance between depths of pit latrine and hand dug well was 1.1metre (45inches) at these distances no faecal coliforms were recorded. It was recommended that public health sensitization exercise be made in the study area.

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Laurentino, Izabela, Rafael Sousa, Gilberto Corso et Renata Sousa-Lima. « To eat or not to eat : ingestion and avoidance of fecal content from communal latrines of Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818) ». Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 14, n^o 1 (29 septembre 2019) : 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/00248.

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Communal latrines have important biological and ecological roles for the latrine builder species and for other taxa that visit these sites and use feces to obtain nutrients and microorganisms that aid in digestion of compounds hard to process. Nonetheless, coprophagous animals must deal with the costs associated with parasites and other pathogenspresent in latrines. Parasites and pathogens are found in Neotropical otter latrines. This species is carnivorous and uses latrines for territorial marking. The objective of this study was to identify vertebrate species associated with otter latrines and species that use feces as food resource. Latrines were monitored with camera traps on a monthly basis in 24-hour cycles. We recorded nine species of vertebrates, including birds, reptiles and mammals, visiting the latrines. Feeding dependency from latrines in the Atlantic Forest may not be related to periods of low food availability (dry season). Visitors that ate at the latrines do not have the same feeding habits as otters. The assumption that mammals would avoid ingesting disease-loaded feces from latrines did not hold, since two mammal species did. We speculate these mammals might be more resistant or less susceptible to pathogens found in otter feces.

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Mehl, Jessica, Josephine Kaiser, Daniel Hurtado, Daragh A. Gibson, Ricardo Izurieta et James R. Mihelcic. « Pathogen destruction and solids decomposition in composting latrines : study of fundamental mechanisms and user operation in rural Panama ». Journal of Water and Health 9, n^o 1 (3 février 2011) : 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2010.138.

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The relationship between temperature, high pH, desiccation, decomposition, pathogen destruction, and user operation in active double vault urine diverting (DVUD) composting latrines located in the Bocas del Toro region of Panama was assessed. Latrine samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, % moisture, carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and presence of specific pathogens. Surveys and visual inspections were used to verify use and type of dry material desiccant added. Measurements supported findings that compost latrines do not reach temperatures sufficient to destroy all pathogens. pH measurements showed that many latrines were operating within the range for ideal aerobic decomposition, a pH of 7.5–8.5, but only 17% of latrines measured pH 9 or above. Almost 100% of composting latrine users added sawdust and wood ash, to lower moisture level and provide carbon for decomposition. However, the recommended amount of desiccant added was insufficient to reduce moisture to the suggested 25% for pathogen destruction and C/N ratios remained in the range of raw human faeces. Importantly, pathogens, mainly helminths, were still present in compost stored for the 6-month contact time. The latrines have conflicting goals of pathogen destruction and aerobic decomposition. Recommendations are made regarding operation of composting latrines and disposal of composted material.

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Maryanti, Endang, Silvia Ramona et Linde Hernike. « FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEPEMILIKAN JAMBAN SEHAT KELUARGA DI DESA BUSUNG KECAMATAN TEUPAH TENGAH KABUPATEN SIMEULUE ». Jurnal Kesmas Prima Indonesia 2, n^o 2 (5 février 2022) : 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34012/jkpi.v2i2.1196.

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Abstract The latrine is a place that is used to remove feces or human waste. Making latrines is a human effort to maintain health by making the environment a healthy place. Based on the results of an initial survey of 10 households at Desa Busung, Teupah Tengah Sub District, Simeuleu District, 7 households had latrines that did not meet the requirements of healthy latrines and 3 households had latrines that met the requirements of healthy latrine. of this study was to determine the factors related to the ownership of the family's healthy latrines at Desa Busung, Teupah Tengah Sub District, Simeulue District in 2018. The design of this research is analytical survey research method with cross sectional design. The populations in this study were 177 households at Desa Busung, Teupah Tengah Sub District of Simeuleu District. The research sample was 64 families, taken by proportionate random sampling technique. The data obtained with primary data in the form of a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in univariate and bivariate using chi-square test. showed that there was a relationship between knowledge (p = 0.021) of education (p = 0.043) and the role of health workers (p = 0.038) with the ownership of family healthy latrines at Desa Busung, Teupah Tengah Sub District of Simeuleu Districtk.

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Louis, Meghan M., Larry J. Minter, James R. Flowers, Michael K. Stoskopf et Suzanne Kennedy-Stoskopf. « Raccoon roundworm prevalence (Baylisascaris procyonis) at the North Carolina Zoo, USA ». PeerJ 8 (20 juillet 2020) : e9426. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9426.

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Baylisascaris procyonis is an important zoonotic nematode of raccoons (Procyon lotor). Infection with this parasite has important health implications for humans, zoo animals, and free-ranging wildlife. As a large, natural habitat zoo, the North Carolina Zoo (NC Zoo) coexists with native wildlife. Raccoons are abundant at the NC Zoo and the prevalence of B. procyonis is unknown. Raccoon latrines were located through employee reporting and systematic searching throughout the zoo and sampled for B. procyonis in October and November of 2018 and 2019. Parasite prevalence, latrine location, substrate category and latrine persistence were recorded. Thirty-three latrines were located in 2018 and eight new latrines in 2019 while four latrines from the prior year were no longer available to be sampled. Of the 29 latrines sampled over the two years, 16 (55%) persisted for at least one year. The majority of the latrines were found on natural substrate with rock showing the highest preference. Just over half (n = 21 of 41 total) of the active latrines in the study were in or immediately adjacent to animal enclosures. Two latrines were found in public areas including one contaminating children’s play equipment. Additionally, fresh fecal samples were collected from five adult raccoons presented to the zoo’s veterinary clinic in 2018 and 2019. All fecal samples tested by centrifugal flotation for both years were negative for B. procyonis. The results of this study show the value of field sampling to properly assess risk and enable informed decision-making regarding public health and wildlife management.

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Laika, Anca, et Retno Adriyani. « THE RELATIONSHIP OF RESPONDENT CHARACTERISTICS, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND OWNERSHIP OF LATRINES TOWARDS ITS LOW USE OF LATRINES IN GUNUNG ANYAR VILLAGE, SURABAYA CITY ». Indonesian Journal of Public Health 16, n^o 2 (30 août 2021) : 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v16i2.2021.188-195.

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ABSTRACTGunung Anyar Tambak village had the lowest access to latrines. Some residents defecate in rivers or other places. The study was conducted to determine a relationship of factors and low use of latrines in Gunung Anyar Tambak village. It was observational research with a cross sectional design. Samples were selected from the population through simple random sampling. Guided interviews were conducted to 75 respondents in RW 01 Gunung Anyar Tambak village. The research variables were respondent characteristics (education level and income level), knowledge, attitudes, and latrine ownership. Data analysis was done using the Chi-square test with a degree of confidence at 95%. The results showed a significant relationship between respondent characteristics including education level (p = 0.000), income level (p = 0.000), knowledge (p = 0.006), attitude (p = 0.003), and latrine ownership (p = 0.000) on low use of latrines. The variable with the strongest relationship was latrine ownership. Keywords: education, income, knowledge, attitude, latrine ownership

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Ruibal, Monica, Rod Peakall et Andrew Claridge. « Socio-seasonal changes in scent-marking habits in the carnivorous marsupial Dasyurus maculatus at communal latrines ». Australian Journal of Zoology 58, n^o 5 (2010) : 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo10040.

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Scat DNA analyses and monthly monitoring were used to elucidate patterns of latrine use in a free-ranging population of a rare Australian marsupial carnivore, the spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) Kerr. In all, 132 latrines were identified at large complex outcrops and on bedrock in drainage lines, creeks and rivers at a single woodland site in south-eastern mainland Australia. Annual cyclic variation in scat deposition was found over the two years that latrines were monitored. Peaks in scat deposition on latrines coincided with seasonal social behaviours and differed between sites on outcrops and sites along drainage lines. A marked increase in scat deposition on latrines in drainage lines was recorded during the mating season and at outcrop latrines when females were nursing young. Genetic analyses of scats collected over one breeding season revealed that multiple individuals of both sexes defaecated at latrines. The communal use of latrines during the mating season along with the seasonal patterns of scat deposition demonstrates that latrines are important scent-marking sites that facilitate social communication among individuals of this solitary-living species. The collective evidence indicates that latrines play a major role in aiding reproduction and interindividual spacing.

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Selan, Willem Lukas, Petrus Romeo et Marselinus Laga Nur. « Analysis of Family Behavior Factors in Latrine Utilization in Mundek Village, Northwest Rote District, Rote Ndao Regency ». Lontar : Journal of Community Health 3, n^o 2 (15 juin 2021) : 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/ljch.v3i2.4135.

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The use of latrines for rural communities is a health behaviour problem that needs constant attention due to the inefficient use of healthy latrines. Both internal and external factors influence the use of the latrine. The study purposed to analyze family behaviour factors using latrines in Mundek Village, Northwest Rote District, Rote Ndao Regency. This research was an analytical survey with a cross-sectional design. The sample was 72 people determined based on a simple random technique. The data analysis consisted of univariable analysis and bivariable analysis using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between the level of knowledge (0.021), attitude (0.000), water availability (0.001) and the use of latrines. On the other hand, there was no relationship between gender (0.796), an education level (0.259) and latrines in Mundek Village, Northwest Rote district, Rote Ndao Regency. Therefore, stakeholders should undertake intensive health promotion to increase the local community's knowledge and change negative attitudes towards healthy latrines utilization.

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Adukia, Anjali. « Sanitation and Education ». American Economic Journal : Applied Economics 9, n^o 2 (1 avril 2017) : 23–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20150083.

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I explore whether the absence of school sanitation infrastructure impedes educational attainment, particularly among pubescent-age girls, using a national Indian school latrine construction initiative and administrative school-level data. School latrine construction substantially increases enrollment of pubescent-age girls, though predominately when providing sex-specific latrines. Privacy and safety appear to matter sufficiently for pubescent-age girls that only sex-specific latrines reduce gender disparities. Any latrine substantially benefits younger girls and boys, who may be particularly vulnerable to sickness from uncontained waste. Academic test scores did not increase following latrine construction, however. Estimated increases in enrollment are similar across the substantial variation in Indian district characteristics. (JEL H75, H76, I21, I25, J16, O15, O53)

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Hoo, Yi Rong, George Joseph, Rafael Rivera, Susanna Smets, Hanh Nguyen, Per Ljung, Sreymom Um, Georgia Davis et Jeff Albert. « Strategic complements : Poverty-targeted subsidy programs show additive benefits on household toilet purchases in rural Cambodia when coupled with sanitation marketing ». PLOS ONE 17, n^o 6 (15 juin 2022) : e0269980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269980.

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While poverty-targeted subsidies have shown promise as a means of reducing financial constraints on low-income populations to invest in new latrines, concerns have been raised about whether they may reduce demand for new latrines among non-eligible, non-poor populations, especially in geographically limited or closed markets. Using quasi experimental methods, we investigate the interaction effects of the “CHOBA” subsidy, a partial poverty-targeted monetary incentive to build a toilet, and a sanitation marketing program (SanMark) on new latrine uptake among households from different income segments in 110 rural villages across six Cambodian provinces. These programs were implemented either jointly with or independently. Overall, we find strong complementarity of the CHOBA subsidy with SanMark where the coupled implementation of the programs increased latrine uptake across all households as compared to exclusive deployment of the programs independently. Additionally, the CHOBA subsidy alone resulted in higher gains among the poor compared to SanMark suggesting that financial constraint is indeed a significant demand barrier for new latrines. The presence of the poverty-targeted subsidies did not reduce demand for new latrine purchases among ineligible households. Instead, we find some evidence for a positive spillover effect of subsidies on uptake of latrines among ineligible households in villages where both programs were implemented indicating that the presence of sanitation subsidies and the decision to purchase latrines among non-beneficiaries can be viewed as complements. We employ multivariate logistic regressions as well as further robustness checks to estimate the effects of the different interventions, with qualitatively consistent results.

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De, Indranil. « Determinants of rural sanitation in India and implications for public policy ». Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, n^o 4 (27 juin 2018) : 650–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.038.

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Abstract This article attempts to find the economic and non-economic factors determining sanitation coverage in a low income country like India. Based on National Sample Survey data of India, the analysis finds that income has a low impact, while non-economic factors have an equal or higher impact on access to and use of latrines. The number of household members has a negative impact on both access to and use of latrines. Access to and use of latrines depends on gender, age, and education of the household head. Both access and use also depend on the main occupation, religion, and caste of households. Access to water supply and dwelling materials also impacts access to and use of latrines. Households headed by younger people or those living in hired houses are more likely to access public or common latrines. Access to sanitation also depends on the region and hence the norms and customs of the region. Contrary to expectations, a lesser proportion of households have access to latrines if they own a house versus those who reside in hired dwellings. Quality, cleanliness of latrines and other personal preferences matter in the use of latrines. Public and community toilets for youths, more than one latrine for larger households, and social campaigning are suggested for public policy.

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Tarigan, Lina, et Tukiman. « Community Empowerment Toward Environmental Sanitation And Example Jamban In Aek Sipitudae Village, Sianjur Mula Mula Mula, Samosir District ». ABDIMAS TALENTA : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 6, n^o 2 (13 décembre 2021) : 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v6i2.4967.

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Sanitation is one of the fundamental human rights aspects. Neglected sanitation development can have a broad impact, especially for health. Stopping open defecation is a major pillar that greatly affects public health, because this problem concerns environmental health issues that will have a broad impact on public health and a decrease in environmental quality. Environmental and sanitation quality degradation is a complex problem that occurs in Indonesia, including in Samosir Regency. There are still several villages that do not use latrines. Based on this, the community service team collaborated with the Samosir District Health Office to empower the community, among others, by providing counseling on environmental sanitation and inviting and motivating people to use the latrines provided and build latrines for those who do not. owning latrines through the construction of pilot latrines. It has been facilitated 16 goose neck latrines and 2 bags of cement for the 16 families who do not have latrines. The residents have been building and using pilot latrines. With this pilot latrine, it is hoped that it can increase the awareness of residents to change their habit of defecating so that later it can become a defecation-free village and improve the community's health status.

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Asnake, Deres, et Metadel Adane. « Household latrine utilization and associated factors in semi-urban areas of northeastern Ethiopia ». PLOS ONE 15, n^o 11 (12 novembre 2020) : e0241270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241270.

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Background Latrine utilization is the actual behavior in a practice of regularly using existing latrines for safe disposal of excreta. Latrine utilization is a common problem in semi-urban areas of developing countries, including Ethiopia. Since the status of latrine utilization and associated factors among semi-urban areas of northeastern Ethiopia, including Alansha in South Wollo Zone is unknown, local data is needed in order to assess the need for planning of intervention programs for the improvement of latrine utilization to support consistent and sustained latrine utilization. This study is designed to address this knowledge gap. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March, 2019 among 401 systematically selected households. Data were collected by trained workers using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire via face-to-face interviews and on-the-spot observations of the latrines. A systematic random sampling method was used to select participant households. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 for data cleaning and analysis. The wealth index status of participants was estimated using principal component analysis. Data were analyzed using a binary logistic regression model at 95% confidence interval (CI). From the multivariable logistic regression analysis, variables with p-value < 0.05 were taken as statistically significant and independently associated with latrine utilization. Model fitness was checked using Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Result We found that the prevalence of latrine utilization among households was 71.8% (95% CI [67.5–76.1%]) while 28.2% (95% CI [23.9–32.5%]) did not utilize latrines. About one-fifth (21.7%) of participant households were found to have a pit latrine with slab and 78.3% (311) used pit latrines without slab. The hygienic condition of the majority (82.9%) of the latrines was dirty and only 17.1% clean. Household family size from one to three persons (AOR: 3.99, 95% CI [1.20–6.24]), presence of primary or secondary school student in a house (AOR: 2.33, 95% CI [1.42–3.83]), number of years since latrine was constructed (≥ 2 years) (AOR: 1.82, 95% CI [1.12–2.95]) and a frequency of daily cleaning of the latrine (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI [1.12–4.28]) were factors significantly associated with latrine utilization. Conclusion Seven out of ten households utilized a latrine. Factors significantly associated with latrine utilization were household family size from one to three persons, presence of primary or secondary school student in the house, time since household latrine had been constructed of two or more years and daily frequency of latrine cleaning. Therefore, it is recommended that measures to promote behavioral change towards further improvement in sustainable and consistent latrine utilization should be carried out based on the evidence of the determinant factors found in this study.

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Siahaan, Sondang, et Rina Fauziah. « Hubungan Ketersediaan Jamban, Perilaku, dan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Dengan Buang Air Besar (BAB) di Kelurahan Legok Kecamatan Danau Sipin Kota Jambi Tahun 2018 ». Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 19, n^o 3 (15 octobre 2019) : 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v19i3.735.

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Family toilet facilities in the community, especially in their implementation, are not easy, because they involve community participation which is usually very closely related to behavior, knowledge, and culture. Availability of latrines, behavior, and community knowledge can influence bowel movements. Based on data from the ayu putri community health center, the Legok village has the most cemplung latrines, 644 latrines. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the availability of latrines, behavior, and community knowledge with defecation in Legok Village, Danau Sipin District, Jambi City. This type of research is analytic descriptive with cross sectional approach. This research was conducted with inclusion criteria. The sample in this study was 87 households. The results showed that the availability of latrines was 62 households while there were not 25 households, 37 KKs of good behavior while 50 kk of bad behavior, 59 kk of good knowledge while 28 KKs of unfavorable knowledge and 62 KKs in the latrine were 62 KK. while defecation in the river is 25 families. The conclusion is that there is a significant relationship between the availability of latrines, behavior, and community knowledge with BAB. Suggestions from this research are the community to make toilet arisan for making latrines and septic tanks aimed at people who do not have latrines and septic tanks.

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Tamene, Aiggan, et Abel Afework. « Exploring barriers to the adoption and utilization of improved latrine facilities in rural Ethiopia : An Integrated Behavioral Model for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (IBM-WASH) approach ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 1 (11 janvier 2021) : e0245289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245289.

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Background Even though evidence shows that access to and use of improved latrines is related to healthful families and the public, obstacles to the adoption and use of improved latrine facilities remain. Globally, not many inquiries appear to have been carried out to satisfactorily inform us regarding the multi-level barriers influencing the adoption and utilization of improved latrines facilities. Related studies in Ethiopia are even fewer. Methods Two qualitative data gathering methods, viz., key informant interviews and focus group discussions, were employed to collect data for this study. A total of fifteen focus group discussions were conducted with members of the community in the rural Wonago district of Ethiopia. Similarly, ten key informant interviews were conducted with water, sanitation, and hygiene officers, and health extension workers responsible for coordinating sanitation and hygiene activities. Open code software 4.03 was used for thematic analysis. Result Barriers to adoption and use of improved latrine facilities were categorized into Contextual factors (e.g. Gender, educational status, personal preference for using the field, limited space, population density, the status of land ownership), Psychosocial factors (Culture, beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions of minimal health threat from children's feces), and Technological factors (inconveniences in acquiring materials and cost of constructing a latrine). Conclusion There are a series of multi-leveled barriers to the sustained adoption and use of latrines. Providing funding opportunities for the underprivileged and offering training on the engineering skills of latrine construction at the community level based on the contextual soil circumstances could expand the latrine coverage and use. Similarly, taking into account the variability in motivations for adopting and using latrines among our study in Ethiopia and other studies, we implore public health experts to recognize behaviors and norms in their target communities in advance of implementing sanitation interventions.

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Cole, Ben, John Pinfold, Goen Ho et Martin Anda. « Investigating the dynamic interactions between supply and demand for rural sanitation, Malawi ». Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2012) : 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2012.014.

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Formative market research is the first step in developing evidence-based sanitation marketing programs. In Malawi, the design, implementation and evaluation of rural sanitation marketing programs has been limited. This study applied a mixed methodological approach to examine the dynamic interactions between the supply and demand of sanitation in three rural districts. The supply assessment identified an extremely limited range of latrine options. Sanitation suppliers reported very low household demand for their existing latrine options. An additional constraint reported by suppliers was householders' perception of a hardware subsidy for latrine construction. The demand assessment found a key constraint of constructing an unlined pit latrine was their short time-in-use (11–13 months). Householders expressed despondency at having to consistently rebuild collapsed, unlined pit latrines. For brick-lined latrines, a key barrier was affordability combined with an over-estimation of construction costs. Key motivations to construct brick-lined latrines included product attributes and social drivers. Wide variations in access to income and use of micro-finance organizations were recorded within and across the study sites. Formative market research is an iterative process from which new lines of investigation arise. This study provides information that will provide a foundation for the ongoing research, design, implementation and monitoring of rural sanitation marketing programs in Malawi.

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Kriswandana, Ferry, Hadi Suryono, Demes Nurmayanti et Marlik Marlik. « Upaya Pembangunan Jamban Sehat Keluarga Melalui Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Mewujudkan Desa Sawahan Kecamatan Watulimo Kabupaten Trenggalek Menuju Open Defecation Free ». Sasambo : Jurnal Abdimas (Journal of Community Service) 4, n^o 4 (1 novembre 2022) : 558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36312/sasambo.v4i4.839.

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Tujuan kegitan PKM ini adalah untuk memperbaiki jamban dan membangun septic tank menjadi fasilitas kamar mandi dan jamban yang sehat. Selain itu juga melakukan upaya peningkatan pengetahuan dan motivasi masyarakat melalui edukasi tentang PHBS khususnya tentang jamban sehat dan pengelolaan sampah di desa tersebut. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan melakukan survey lokasi mengidentifikasi permasalahan jamban dan pengelolaan sampah, menyusun rumusan masalah, melakukan koordinasi dengan pihak Desa Sawahan untuk membuat perencanaan, melakukan intervensi pembangunan jamban dan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat, menyusun laporan kegiatan, dan mengevaluasi hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah dibangunnya dua unit jamban dengan kloset duduk, dua jamban dengan kloset jongkok, satu unit septic tank dan terjadinya peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 53% setelah dilakukan penyuluhan Direkomendasikan kepada masyarakat untuk melakukan perawatan jamban sebagai tindak lanjut menjaga kondisi jamban sehat yang sudah ada, serta melaksanakan pengelolaan sampah sehat pada tingkat keluarga masing-masing. Development of Healthy Latrine Through Community Empowerment in Realizing the Sawahan Tourism Village, Watulimo District, Trenggalek Regency Towards Open Defecation Free The aim of this PKM activity is to repair latrines and build septic tanks into healthy bathroom and latrines facilities. Apart from that, efforts are also made to increase the knowledge and motivation of the community through education about PHBS, especially about healthy latrines and waste management in the village. Community service activities by conducting site surveys identifying latrine problems and waste management, compiling problem formulations, coordinating with the Sawahan Village to make plans, intervening in latrine development and outreach to the community, compiling activity reports, and evaluating the results of activity implementation. The results of this community service activity were the construction of two units of latrines with sitting toilets, two latrines with squat toilets, one unit of septic tank and an increase in knowledge of 53% after counseling. exist, as well as carry out healthy waste management at the level of each family

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Ndoziya, Alfonse Tapera, Zvikomborero Hoko et Webster Gumindoga. « Assessment of the impact of pit latrines on groundwater contamination in Hopley Settlement, Harare, Zimbabwe ». Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, n^o 3 (15 mai 2019) : 464–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.179.

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Abstract A study was conducted to assess the water quality of the groundwater sources and possible impacts of pit latrines on the groundwater for selected boreholes and wells. The City of Harare's peri-urban settlement of Hopley predominantly uses pit latrines for excreta disposal. This puts groundwater at risk to contamination thereby threatening human health. Pit latrine density around groundwater points was assessed using a Geographical Information System (GIS). The pit latrine density ranged from 0 to 5 latrines in a 15 m radius to 3–63 latrines in a 100 m radius. From the analysis of the water samples, it was observed that on average, only 63% and 48% of samples met drinking water quality standards set by the World Health Organization guidelines and Standards Association of Zimbabwe limits. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that only three components had an eigenvalue of over 1 that explained 76.9% of the total cumulative variance of the observed variable. From the PCA, key parameters in groundwater contamination were nitrates, electrical conductivity, chlorides, ammonia, and thermotolerant coliforms. The spatial variation of the selected water quality parameters suggests that water points at the lowest end of the settlement had the poorest water quality. The point-of-use treatment is recommended for wells.

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van Eekert, Miriam H. A., Walter T. Gibson, Belen Torondel, Faraji Abilahi, Bernard Liseki, Els Schuman, Colin Sumpter et Jeroen H. J. Ensink. « Anaerobic digestion is the dominant pathway for pit latrine decomposition and is limited by intrinsic factors ». Water Science and Technology 79, n^o 12 (15 juin 2019) : 2242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.220.

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Abstract In vitro methods were used to assess the full potential for decomposition (measured as biogas formation) from pit latrine samples taken from the top layer of 15 Tanzanian latrines. We found considerable variability in the decomposition rate and extent. This was compared with decomposition in the same latrines, measured by comparing top layer composition with fresh stools and deeper (older) layers, to assess whether this potential was realised in situ. Results showed a close match between the extent of organic material breakdown in situ and in vitro, indicating that anaerobic digestion is the dominant pathway in latrines. The average potential decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) (determined as methane production in vitro within 60 days) and actual measured decrease in situ are 68.9% ± 11.3 and 69.7% ± 19.4, respectively. However in the in vitro tests, where samples were diluted in water, full decomposition was achieved in 2 months, whereas in situ it can take years; this suggests that water addition may offer a simple route to improving latrine performance. The results also allowed us to estimate, for the first time to our knowledge using experimental data, the contribution that latrines make to greenhouse gas emissions globally. This amounts to ∼2% of annual US emissions.

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Del Brutto, Oscar H., Aldo F. Costa, Robertino M. Mera, Derly Andrade-Molina, Bettsy Y. Recalde, Héctor H. García et Juan C. Fernández-Cadena. « SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Swabbed Samples from Latrines and Flushing Toilets : A Case–Control Study in a Rural Latin American Setting ». American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104, n^o 3 (3 mars 2021) : 1045–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1380.

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ABSTRACTInformation about factors potentially favoring the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in rural settings is limited. Following a case–control study design in a rural Ecuadorian village that was severely struck by the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 RNA were detected by real-time PCR in swabs obtained from inner and upper walls in 24/48 randomly selected latrines from case-houses and in 12/48 flushing toilets from paired control-houses (P = 0.014; McNemar’s test). This association persisted in a conditional logistic regression model adjusted for relevant covariates (OR: 4.82; 95% CI: 1.38–16.8; P = 0.014). In addition, SARS-CoV-2–seropositive subjects were more often identified among those living in houses with a latrine (P = 0.002). Latrines have almost five times the odds of containing SARS-CoV-2 RNA than their paired flushing toilets. Latrines are reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and it cannot be ruled out that latrines could contribute to viral transmission in rural settings. Frequent disinfection of latrines should be recommended to reduce the likelihood of fecal contamination.

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Giri, Gede Bagus Subha Jana, Marini Ayu Purnama et I. Putu Bhayu Wiratma. « Relationship of Some Internal Factors with Open Defecation (OD) Behavior in Dusun Kandangan Tarik District Sidoarjo ». Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma 6, n^o 2 (4 septembre 2017) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v6i2.56.

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OD or open defecation is one of activity that influenced many aspects, it can pollute the source of drinking water, contaminate the crops , and the one that causes many diseases that are related to GI (Gastrointestinal) tract infectious diseases. Even though in Subdistrict of Tarik many household already had latrines, but not make the society become open defecation free, as in Kandangan hamlet which the percentage of OD is 35% at 2014 . The main purpose of this study is to evidently expose several internal factors that influence OD behavior in Kandangan Hamlet,village of Banjarwungu, subdistrict of Tarik,Sidoarjo regency. This analytic study used cross sectional approach, with chi square to test the hypothesis. The population consisted of 1003 people that come from Kandangan Hamlet, ,with sample size 91 people determined through simple random sampling method, focused between 15-65 years old. Variable of this research consists of age, gender, level of education, and economic status, those variable considered as the Independent variables and OD behavior as the dependent variable. The result of this study shows that age, level of education, and economic statu respectively influenced OD behavior in Kandangan Hamlet, (p<0,05). While gender and habit were not influence the behavior of OD(p>0,05). Suggestion for this problem can be made through improvingt of promotion program regarding OD issues emphasizing the importance of latrines, recruiting health cadres that can giving understanding about the importance of latriney, helding latrine community gathering and giving credit system for building latrines as hope for improving level of ODF in the society.

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Omer, Nuruhusan, Bikes Destaw Bitew, Garedew Tadege Engdaw et Atalay Getachew. « Utilization of Latrine and Associated Factors Among Rural Households in Takussa District, Northwest Ethiopia : A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study ». Environmental Health Insights 16 (janvier 2022) : 117863022210917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302221091742.

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Background: The use of sanitation facilities is known to interrupt the transmission of fecal-oral related diseases. However, the evidence was limited about the utilization of latrines within the rural community of Takussa district. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the utilization of latrines and associated factors among households in Takussa district, northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to survey 801 rural households among initially computed 812 participants from February 15 to March 15, 2019. A structured questionnaire with face-to-face interviews was used to collect the data. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the completed data. A binary logistic regression model was used to process bivariate and multivariable analysis of the data. The adjusted odds ratio was used for the interpretation of the data after controlling for the confounders. Results: The proper latrine utilization rate was 41.9%, with a 95% confidence interval of (38.8, 45.3). Households with school-aged children (AOR: 2.27, 95% CI: (1.44, 3.56), a clean latrine (AOR: 3.34, 95% CI: (1.26, 4.93), the optimal distance from the living room (AOR: 1.56, 95% CI: (1.09, 2.25), and perceived benefit (AOR: 3.64, 95% CI: (1.13, 11.67) were statistically associated factors. Conclusion: The Proper utilization of latrines was low among rural households in the Takussa district. School children, distance, cleanliness, and the benefit of latrines were statistically associated factors. As a result, encouraging health extension workers integrated into district schools to pay special attention to frequent follow-up in order to promote proper latrine utilization at the household level.

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Kasaluhe, Meityn Disye, Ferdinand Gansalangi, Yana Sambeka et Agneta Sartika Lalombo. « Sistem Informasi Geografi Untuk Pemetaan Cakupan Desa SBS (Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan) di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe ». INSOLOGI : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 1, n^o 1 (27 février 2022) : 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55123/insologi.v1i1.132.

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Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM) is the approach to change hygiene and sanitation behavior through empowerment by triggering methods. The first pillar of the Community-Based Total Sanitation program is Stop open defecation free (SBS) which is a condition when human in a community does not defecate anywhere, but in healthy latrine facilities. In Indonesia, the number of the family (KK) who still had open defecation behavior was 37.23%. North Sulawesi was in second place with the highest number of families who still had open defecation behavior (83.78%). This research was quantitative descriptive research that used secondary data from Sangihe Health Department. Data analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 and ArcMap 10.1.4 for mapping. The results showed that there were 3 sub-districts which was the area with the lowest of SBS villages (<10%), namely the sub-districts of Kendahe, Marore Island, and South Manganitu. The average achievement of the SBS Village in the Sangihe was 18.9%. The lowest access to latrines in South Manganitu was 64.3% of access. Most of the sub-districts in the Sangihe had 11-20% of SBS village coverage. For community latrine access an average of 80.5%. It is necessary to increase the number of access to latrines, especially in areas with low access to latrines, and to provide knowledge through counseling to the community on the use of healthy latrines.

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Fajrina Hidayati, Fitria Eka Putri, Hubaybah, Oka Lesmana S et Fiona Syahri Fedhila. « Factors Affecting Ownership of Healthy Latrines in the Semerup Community Health Center, Kerinci Regency ». International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE) 2, n^o 1 (2 décembre 2022) : 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.55299/ijphe.v2i1.227.

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One of the sanitation facilities that must be owned by every household is a healthy latrine. The low coverage of latrine ownership causes health problems, one of which is diarrhea. Semurup Health Center is one of the health service facilities in Kerinci Regency. In the working area of the Puskesmas Semerup, the coverage of latrine ownership is 55% and is still relatively low, although triggers are often carried out by health workers from the puskesmas or health department. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the ownership of latrines in the working area of the Semerup Health Center, Kerinci Regency. This research is a quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study is the head of the family in Balaii Village totaling 242 families. The sample in this study was 79 households, and the sampling technique used a simple random sample. The results of this study are that there is a relationship between education (p.value = 0.003), knowledge (p.value = 0.000) and attitudes (p.value = 0.000) with ownership of healthy latrines, and than there is no relationship between the role of health workers (p.value=0.055) and ownership of healthy latrines in the working area of the Semerup Health Center, Kerinci Regency.

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Obeng, Peter Appiah, Bernard Keraita, Sampson Oduro-Kwarteng, Henrik Bregnhøj, Robert C. Abaidoo et Flemming Konradsen. « The latrine ownership ladder ». Management of Environmental Quality : An International Journal 26, n^o 5 (10 août 2015) : 752–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2014-0079.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the latrine ownership ladder as a conceptual policy framework to enhance sanitation uptake in low-income peri-urban areas. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws from literature and a case study in a Ghanaian peri-urban community to highlight the challenges that undermine sanitation uptake in low-income peri-urban areas and the prospects of various levels of facility sharing as conceived in the latrine ownership ladder approach. Findings – The authors argue that the infrastructural and other socio-economic challenges of low-income peri-urban areas prevent some households from acquiring their own latrines. For such households, a more responsive approach to latrine promotion and prevention of open defecation would be the recognition of shared ownership regimes such as co-tenant shared, neighbourhood shared and community shared, in addition to the promotion of household latrines. The paper identifies provision of special concessions for peri-urban areas in policy formulation, education and technical support to households, regulation and enforcement of sanitation by-laws among complimentary policy interventions to make the latrine ownership ladder approach more effective. Originality/value – The paper provides an insight into the debate on redefining improved sanitation in the post-2015 era of the Millennium Development Goals and offers policy alternatives to policy makers in low-income countries seeking to accelerate the uptake of improved latrines among peri-urban and urban slum dwellers.

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Yuandra, Rio Ferdi, et Bella Anggreni S Pangestika. « DETERMINAN KEPEMILIKAN JAMBAN SEHAT DI BAGAN DESA PERCUT ». Jurnal Penelitian Kesmasy 2, n^o 1 (18 octobre 2019) : 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpksy.v2i1.150.

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Healthy latrine ownership is one indicators of an ecological and healthy environment. According to WHO, it turns out 12.9% of Indonesia's population who do not have latrines,2.4% billion of the world's population who do not have healthy latrines, with a ratio of seven from ten, mostly of them are river. In Indonesia, goose neck toilets are used 84.4%, with a thickness of 4.8%, with a floor of 3.7%. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between Income, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Habits with Healthy Latrine Ownership at Bagan Percut Village in 2019. Research is conducted by using an analytical method with a cross-sectional design plan. The population of this study was the Head of Family at Bagan Percut Village as many as 624 peoples. The sample of this study was part of a population of 86 peoplesthat used simple random sampling. The results obtained by using the chi-Square test showed that there was a relationship between income, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Habits with Healthy Latrine Ownership. It is recommended that community officers to be more creative in providing health education with regarding to healthy latrines, for example by using a trigger method with used a tool in the form of transmission posters of diseases caused by human feces and did direct observations in places where people are used to defecation openly.

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