Articles de revues : « Lauraceae »

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Custódio, Dayana Lacerda, and Valdir Florêncio da Veiga Junior. "Lauraceae alkaloids." RSC Adv. 4, no. 42 (2014): 21864–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra01904k.

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Fadhila, Nurul Amalia, Sulistijorini Sulistijorini, and Nina Ratna Djuita. "Diversity and Epidermal Characteristic of Lauraceae Leaf in Two Forest Locations, Bogor Regency, West Java." Jurnal Biodjati 8, no. 1 (May 30, 2023): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v8i1.24406.

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Lauraceae is a group of tropical plants with a wide distribution. The abundance and species richness of the Lauraceae family includes the under to the upper canopy of the forest. The Lauraceae family can be utilized in various sectors, especially economically. Limiting characters as a significance in the Lauraceae classification was needed to provide additional information regarding taxon grouping. This research aimed to study epidermal characteristics, leaf venation variations, and the diversity of Lauraceae species under different forest environmental conditions. The research procedure involved: collecting ecological field data and morphological identification using a purposive sampling method based on the presence of species. Soil sampling and environmental microclimate were measured on each plot. The anatomical process was carried out by recording characters. Correlation between environmental factors and plant targets used canonical correspondence analysis. The kinship between members of Lauraceae was expressed in a dendrogram. The result of this study showed that Lauraceae could live at various elevations. The analysis data indicated differences in environmental factors that affect the existence of Lauraceae species. Leaf venation studies support clustering in the family using characters such as primary, secondary, tertiary veins, and areola. Observation of leaf venation can be used as a taxonomic significance in the family Lauraceae. Epidermal cell walls in leaf samples are straight, curved shallow, deep, and sharp. Other characters that can be found are anomocytic, laterocytic, and brachyparasitic types of stomata, with stellate and glandless trichomes The anatomical dendrogram separated Lauraceae into clusters on a similarity coefficient scale.

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Tian, Yongjing, Jingbo Zhou, Yunyan Zhang, Shuang Wang, Ying Wang, Hong Liu, and Zhongsheng Wang. "Research Progress in Plant Molecular Systematics of Lauraceae." Biology 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10050391.

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Lauraceae is a large family of woody plants with high ecological and economic value. The tribal and generic division and phylogenetic relationship of Lauraceae have long been controversial. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, phylogenetic relationships within the Cinnamomeae, Laureae and Perseeae tribes, also called ‘the Core Lauraceae’, have arisen particular attention. In this review, we comprehensively collated the literatures on the phylogeny of Lauraceae published in recent years and summarized progress made in molecular systematic researches employing gene fragments, chloroplast genomes and DNA barcodings analyses. We clarified the phylogenetic relationships and main controversies of ‘the Core Lauraceae’, the systemic position of fuzzy genera (Neocinnamomum, Caryodaphnopsis and Cassytha) and the development of chloroplast genome and DNA barcodes. We further suggested and proposed the whole genome analysis and different inflorescence types would be possible to provide more information for further research on phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of Lauraceae.

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Werka, Jennifer Schmidt, Amelia K. Boehme, and William N. Setzer. "Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Monteverde, Costa Rica." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 12 (December 2007): 1934578X0700201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700201204.

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Essential oils from Calyptranthes pittieri (Lauraceae), Cinnamomum tonduzii (Lauraceae), Croton niveus and C. monteverdensis (Euphorbiaceae), Dendropanax arboreus (Araliaceae), Eugenia austin-smithii and E. haberi (Myrtaceae), Myrcianthes fragrans and M. rhopaloides (Myrtaceae), Nectandra membranacea (Lauraceae), Ocotea floribunda (Lauraceae), Oreopanax xalapensis (Araliaceae), Piper umbellatum (Piperaceae), Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), Stauranthus perforatus (Rutaceae), Zanthoxylum acuminatum, Z. melanostictum, Z. monophyllum, and Zanthoxylum sp. nov. “brillante” (Rutaceae), have been screened for cytotoxic activity against a panel of human tumor cell lines, antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality.

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Tamin, Rike Puspitasari, Maria Ulfa, and Zuhratus Saleh. "Keanekaragaman Anggota Famili Lauraceae di Taman Hutan Kota M. Sabki Kota Jambi." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi|JIITUJ| 2, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v2i2.5987.

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Keluarga Medang-medangan (Famili Lauraceae) merupakan salah satu kelompok tumbuhan yang banyak ditemukan di daerah tropis. Lauraceae juga termasuk kelompok yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Pemanfaatan intensif dan nilai ekonomi yang tinggi tidak diimbangi dengan usaha konservasi yang memadai membuat Famili Lauraceae menjadi rentan dalam kepunahan. Permasalahan yang muncul dari keinginan untuk melakukan konservasi bagi Famili Lauraceae adalah sangat minimnya pengetahuan tentang jenis serta nama ilmiah yang benar. Taman Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki merupakan hutan kota yang diperlukan karena fungsinya antara lain memperbaiki dan menjaga iklim mikro dan nilai estetika, meresapkan air, menciptakan kesimbangan dan keserasian lingkungan fisik kota, dan mendukung pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati di Indonesia. Peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan eksplorasi botani dan identifikasi terhadap keanekaragaman jenis famili Lauraceae yang berada di taman hutan kota Muhammad Sabki. Penelitian dilakukan ada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2017 di taman Hutan Kota M. Sabki. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian ini adalah anggota family Lauraceae di Hutan Kota M. Sabki ditemukan berjumlah 12 spesies dengan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener 2,36.

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van der Werff, H. "Alseodaphnopsis (Lauraceae) revisited." Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 64, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.02.10.

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Generic delimitations among the Asian members of the Persea group, including the recently described genus Alseodaphnopsis, are discussed. These genera, with the exception of Alseodaphnopsis, are characterized by reproductive characters. A study of flowers of Alseodaphnopsis species found that Alseodaphnopsis species have unisexual flowers and that Alseodaphnopsis is better defined by its unisexual flowers than by vegetative characters. This is the first report of the presence of unisexual flowers in any member of the Persea group.

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Ariska A, Cici, Essy Harnelly, and Muhammad Rusdi. "Distribusi Spasial Lauraceae Di Hutan Arul Relem Kabupaten Gayo Lues Provinsi Aceh." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 918–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v6i4.18210.

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Abstrak. Hutan Arul Relem merupakan hutan lindung yang terdapat di Kecamatan Pining yang masih menyimpan keanekaragaman hayati baik flora maupun fauna, salah satu keanekaragaman yang terdapat di hutan Arul Relem adalah suku Lauraceae. Suku Lauraceae merupakan kelompok tumbuhan yang memiliki kualitas kayu yang bagus dan nilai ekonomi yang cukup penting. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis suku Lauraceae dan memetakan keberadaan suku Lauraceae di hutan Arul Relem. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode garis berpetak yang dibuat sebanyak 4 transek dan 20 plot. Di mana panjang setiap transek 180 m, dan setiap transek dibuat 5 petak ukur yang berukuran 20x20 m dengan jarak antar petak 20 m, dan pada setiap petak ukur dibuat sub-sub petak berdasarkan strata pertumbuhan. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di hutan Arul Relem terdapat 10 jenis suku Lauraceae yang berasal dari 5 genus yaitu genus Actinodapne, Litsea, Beilcsmiedia, Cinnamomum, dan Phoebe, dengan jumlah individu sebanyak 93 individu yang terdiri dari 30 individu pada strata pohon, 17 individu tiang, 12 individu pada strata pancang, dan 34 individu strata semai. Jenis yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah jenis Actinodaphne nitida yaitu sebanyak 19 individu dan strata pertumbuhan yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah strata semai. Suku Lauraceae tersebar pada beberapa ketinggian yaitu pada ketinggian 500 mdpl terdapat 31 individu suku Lauraceae, pada ketinggian 520 mdpl terdapat 38 individu, pada ketinggian 550 mdpl terdapat 17 individu, dan pada ketinggian 575 terdapat 4 individu. Tingkatan yang paling dominan ditemukan pada setiap ketinggian adalah strata semai dan jenis yang paling dominan ditemukan adalah jenis Actinodaphne nitida, Actinodaphne glabra, dan Litsea sp.Abstract. Arul Relem Forest is a protected forest located in Pining District which still stores biodiversity both flora and fauna, one of the diversity found in Arul Relem forest is the Lauraceae tribe. The Lauraceae are a group of plants that have good wood quality and significant economic value. The purpose of this study was to identify the species of the Lauraceae tribe and to map the presence of the Lauraceae tribe in the Arul Relem forest. The method used in this research is the checkered line method which consists of 4 transects and 20 plots. Where the length of each transect is 180 m, and each transect is made 5 plots measuring 20x20 m with a distance between plots of 20 m, and in each measuring plot, sub-plots are made based on growth strata. Based on observations in the Arul Relem forest, there are 10 species of the Lauraceae family originating from 5 genera, namely the genus Actinodapne, Litsea, Beilcsmiedia, Cinnamomum, and Phoebe, with a total of 93 individuals consisting of 30 individuals in tree strata, 17 pole individuals, 12 individuals in the sapling strata, and 34 individuals in the seedling strata. The most common type found was Actinodaphne nitida, which was 19 individuals and the most common growth strata was the seedling strata. The Lauraceae tribe is spread over several altitudes, namely at an altitude of 500 meters above sea level there are 31 individuals of the Lauraceae tribe, at an altitude of 520 meters above sea level there are 38 individuals, at an altitude of 550 meters above sea level there are 17 individuals, and at an altitude of 575 there are 4 individuals. The most dominant level found at each altitude was the seedling strata and the most dominant species found were Actinodaphne nitida, Actinodaphne glabra, and Litsea sp.

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MATSUO, KAZUNORI, MAN–MIAO YANG, GENE–SHENG TUNG, MAKOTO TOKUDA, and JUNICHI YUKAWA. "Description of a new and redescriptions of two known species of Torymus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in Taiwan with a key to Taiwanese species." Zootaxa 3409, no. 1 (August 6, 2012): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3409.1.3.

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Torymus flavigastris Matsuo sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) is described as a parasitoid of unidentified gall midges(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induce galls on Litsea acuminata (Blume) Kurata (=Actinodaphne acuminata (Blume)Meisner) (Lauraceae), Machilus pseudolongifolia Hayata (Lauraceae), and Eurya chinensis Robert Brown (Theaceae) inTaiwan. This is the first record of Torymidae associated with gall midges on Lauraceae and Theaceae. Redescriptions of T. aiolomorphi and T. orientalis and a key to species of Torymus known in Taiwan are provided.

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Delucchi, Gustavo, Héctor A. Keller, and Julio A. Hurrell. "Cinnamomum glanduliferum y C. verum (Lauraceae) naturalizadas en la Argentina." Bonplandia 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/bon.2511269.

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Esta contribución menciona por primera vez 2 especies de Cinnamomum Schaeff. (Lauraceae) naturalizadas en la Argentina: C. glanduliferum (Wall.) Meisn. y C. verum J. Presl. Se incluyen sus descripciones, distribución, fenología, nombres vernáculos, usos, materiales de referencia y comentarios sobre su naturalización. Asimismo, se incluyen claves para diferenciar las especies de Cinnamomumen la Argentina, y los géneros de Lauraceae naturalizadas en el país. Como resultado de esta contribución, el total de Lauraceae para la Argentina asciende a 19 especies, 4 de estas naturalizadas.

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Damasceno, Carolina Sette Barbosa, Natasha Tiemi Fabri Higaki, Josiane de Fátima Gaspari Dias, Marilis Dallarmi Miguel, and Obdulio Gomes Miguel. "Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils in the Family Lauraceae: A Systematic Review of the Literature." Planta Medica 85, no. 13 (July 1, 2019): 1054–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0943-1908.

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AbstractThe Lauraceae family is predominantly found in Asia and in the rainforests of the Americas, and consists mostly of aromatic trees. Being an essential oil producer, this family is used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. This work presents a systematic review of the chemical composition and bioactivity of the essential oils from the Lauraceae family. Medline, Scielo, Web of Science, Lilacs, and Scopus were employed to identify articles published between 2000 and 2018, using “Lauraceae”, “essential oil”, and “biological activity” as key words. From 177 studies identified, 53 met the inclusion criteria. These studies indicated a predominance of the compounds β-caryophyllene and 1,8-cineole in Lauraceae species, and highlighted the antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Essential oils extracted from this family thus have high potential for pharmacological applications.

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Li, Ya, Shuhan Xie, Jinchuan Ying, Wenjun Wei, and Kun Gao. "Chemical Structures of Lignans and Neolignans Isolated from Lauraceae." Molecules 23, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 3164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123164.

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Lauraceae is a good source of lignans and neolignans, which are the most chemotaxonomic characteristics of many species of the family. This review describes 270 naturally occurring lignans and neolignans isolated from Lauraceae.

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Zhang, Yunyan, Jingbo Zhou, David Y. P. Tng, Shuang Wang, Ying Wang, Ye Peng, Hong Liu, and Zhongsheng Wang. "Phylogeny and Systematics of Sassafras (Lauraceae), an Interesting Genus with Disjunct Distributions in Eastern North America and East Asia." Plants 12, no. 6 (March 22, 2023): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12061419.

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The Lauraceae is a family of the order Laurales, with 2500–3000 species comprising 50 genera, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. Up to two decades ago, the systematic classification of the Lauraceae was based on floral morphology, but molecular phylogenetic approaches have made tremendous advances in elucidating tribe- and genus-level relationships within the family in recent decades. Our review focused on the phylogeny and systematics of Sassafras, a genus of three species with highly disjunct distributions in eastern North America and East Asia, whose tribe affiliation within the Lauraceae has long been controversial. By synthesizing information on the floral biology and molecular phylogeny of Sassafras, this review aimed to explore the position of Sassafras within the Lauraceae, and to provide suggestions and implications for future phylogenetic studies. Our synthesis highlighted Sassafras as a transitional type between Cinnamomeae and Laureae with a closer genetic relationship with Cinnamomeae, as revealed by molecular phylogenetic evidence, while it shares many similar characteristics with Laureae in morphology. We therefore discovered that several molecular and morphological methods should be concurrently considered to illuminate the phylogeny and systematics of Sassafras in Lauraceae.

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Brotto, Marcelo Leandro, João Batista Baitello, Armando Carlos Cervi, and Élide Pereira dos Santos. "Uma nova espécie de Ocotea (Lauraceae) para o Brasil." Rodriguésia 61, no. 1 suppl 1 (March 2010): S57—S60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201061133.

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Resumo Uma nova espécie de Ocotea Aubl. (Lauraceae), Ocotea paranaensis Brotto, Baitello, Cervi & E.P.Santos, é descrita e ilustrada, baseado na revisão das Lauraceae que ocorrem na Floresta Atlântica no estado do Paraná, no sul do Brasil.

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Oliveira, Andresa Soares Rodrigues. "LAURACEAE A. L. Juss." Heringeriana 4, no. 1 (November 17, 2014): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/heringeriana.v4i1.53.

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A.Hadi, A. Hamid. "Phytochemicals from Lauraceae Species." Open Conference Proceedings Journal 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210289201304010017.

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van der Werff, Henk. "Novelties in Neotropical Lauraceae." Novon 4, no. 1 (1994): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3391703.

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Scora, Rainer W., and Peter E. Scora. "Essential Oils ofPerseasubgenusPersea(Lauraceae)." Journal of Essential Oil Research 12, no. 6 (November 2000): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712197.

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Custodio, Dayana Lacerda, and Valdir Jr Florencio da Veiga. "ChemInform Abstract: Lauraceae Alkaloids." ChemInform 45, no. 39 (September 11, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201439255.

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Song, Yu, Xin Yao, Bing Liu, Yunhong Tan, and Richard T. Corlett. "Complete plastid genome sequences of three tropical Alseodaphne trees in the family Lauraceae." Holzforschung 72, no. 4 (March 28, 2018): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0065.

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AbstractAlseodaphneis a genus of timber trees (ca. 40 spp.) belonging to thePerseagroup of the Lauraceae. It is widely distributed in tropical Asia, but is often confused withDehaasiaandNothaphoebe, and the systematics of the genus is unclear. Here, the complete chloroplast genome sequences ofA. semecarpifoliawill be reported, the type species ofAlseodaphne, and two China-endemic species,A. gracilisandA. huanglianshanensis. The three plastomes were 153 051 bp, 153 099 bp and 153 070 bp, respectively. Comparative genomic analyses indicate that the threeAlseodaphneplastomes have similar genome size and those are very different with previously published plastomes of Lauraceae in length. The length difference is directly caused by inverted repeats expansion/contraction. Four highly variable loci includingpsbD-trnM,ndhF-rpl32,rpl32-trnLandycf1among the threeAlseodaphnespecies were identified as useful plastid candidate barcodes forAlseodaphneand Lauraceae species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 12 complete plastomes of Lauraceae species confirm a monophyleticPerseagroup comprising species ofAlseodaphne,Phoebe,PerseaandMachilus.

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Xie, Chenyi, Junhao Gu, and Shanshan Zhu. "Progress in Research on Terpenoid Biosynthesis and Terpene Synthases of Lauraceae Species." Forests 15, no. 10 (September 29, 2024): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15101731.

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Lauraceae, an important family of Angiospermae, comprises over 2500 species widely distributed in tropical and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. This family is renowned for its rich resource of terpenoids, particularly monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes. These compounds not only impart specific scents to Lauraceae species but also play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and environmental adaptation. These compounds also possess extensive bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, making them valuable in the fields of perfumery, cosmetics, food, and medicine, and thus holding significant economic value. Recent advancements in high-throughput technologies, especially genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, have significantly advanced our knowledge of the chemical constituents and biosynthetic pathways of terpenoids in Lauraceae species. Such progress has also shed light on the diversity and functionality of the terpene synthases (TPSs) gene family, a key enzyme involved in terpenoid biosynthesis. This paper reviews the latest research findings on the biosynthetic pathways of terpenoids and their key enzyme-encoding gene families in Lauraceae plants. We also analyze the evolutionary patterns of TPS gene family members of four Lauraceae species at the whole-genome level and summarize their mechanisms of action in secondary metabolite synthesis. Furthermore, this paper highlights the current research challenges and proposes prospects, such as the complexity of gene families, the uncertainties in functional predictions, and unclear regulatory mechanisms. Our objective is to provide scientific foundations for the in-depth analysis of terpenoid biosynthesis mechanisms and the development and utilization of natural products in Lauraceae plants.

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Agusta, Andria. "Komponen kimia daun Cinnamomum macrophyllum Miq Lauraceae." Journal of Biological Researches 3, no. 1 (June 1, 1997): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.3.1.19975.

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Zulkarnaen, Rizmoon Nurul, Fitri Fatma Wardani, Prima Wahyu Kusuma Hutabarat, Irfan Martiansyah, and Muhammad Rifqi Hariri. "Tree Health Assessment of Lauraceae Collections in Bogor Botanic Gardens using Forest Health Monitoring Method." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 9, no. 3 (October 31, 2021): 411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v9i3.527.

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Bogor Botanic Gardens (BBG) is an ex-situ plant conservation area with thousands of plant collections. The trees of the Lauraceae in BBG experienced the highest number of deaths among other families. However most of them were categorized as young planting years (0-15 years). A tree health monitoring in the Lauraceae needs to be conducted to provide an overview, trend, and value of the level of damage. Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method was carried out on two plots consisting of 149 trees. FHM can identify the types and levels of damage through monitoring and recording a series of tree damage. The results showed that among 149 trees, with 103 healthy, 9 lightly damaged, 10 moderately damaged, 15 heavily damaged, and 12 dead. The damage was primarily found in the stem (63 trees), the crown branch (51 trees), and the roots (13 trees). The severity of the damage was mainly at a mild level (0-19%). The cause of the damage is discussed. Further observations and frequent monitoring of the health of the Lauraceae need to be conducted by management to reduce the number of dead collections of the family. Keywords: botanic gardens, Forest Health Monitoring, lauraceae, tree health

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Rodríguez-Sánchez, Edna, Laura J. Giraldo-Kalil, and Juan Núñez-Farfán. "Diversity of insects associated with the fruits of four tree species of Lauraceae from Los Tuxtlas region, Mexico: an annotated and illustrated taxonomic list." Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 93 (November 4, 2022): e934178. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2022.93.4178.

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Besides recruitment and dispersal, fruits are key resources for the maintenance of insect communities. This study is focused on the insects inhabiting the fruits of 4 wild Lauraceae species. Although the trees of this family are important elements of tropical forests, their interaction with insects, especially in association with fruits, remains poorly studied in wild tree species. Our study aims to characterize the diversity of insects associated with fruits of Damburneya ambigens, Damburneya gentlei, Damburneya salicifolia, and Nectandra turbacensis, in the rainforest of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz. We present an illustrated taxonomic list of species, annotated with a comprehensive review of the insects’ natural history and their interactions with Lauraceae species. We reared 54 insect species from approximately 6,500 fruits, some of which represent potential new species and records for Mexico. Insect species diversity was high and differed between Lauraceae species. The reared insects comprise a wide variety of distributional ranges, feeding types, and habitats. This research provides novel information about the interactions among insects and fruits of Lauraceae and the complexity of their trophic networks in tropical rainforests. Furthermore, it evidences the importance of wild fruits as resources for insect communities.

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Ebling, Angelo Augusto, Sylvio Péllico Netto, Luciano Farinha Watzlawick, Rodrigo Otávio Veiga de Miranda, and Simone Filipini Abrão. "ECOLOGIA E PROJEÇÃO DIAMÉTRICA DE TRÊS GRUPOS ARBÓREOS EM REMANESCENTE DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA EM SÃO FRANCISCO DE PAULA, RS." FLORESTA 43, no. 2 (July 2, 2013): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v43i2.28604.

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A Floresta Ombrófila Mista desempenha importante função social e ecológica na região Sul do Brasil. Embora tenha sofrido um profundo processo exploratório, resultando em sua fragmentação, apresenta elevado potencial para o manejo que, devidamente aplicado, favorece a conservação e recuperação de seus remanescentes. Com o objetivo de avaliar o incremento diamétrico e a dinâmica sucessional dessa fitofisionomia, foram empregados dados oriundos do estrato arbóreo (DAP ≥9,5 cm) de 10 parcelas permanentes de 1 ha cada, remedidas anualmente entre o período de 2000 a 2009, na Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, RS. As observações e projeções indicaram gradual redução da densidade da floresta, com destaque para a espécie Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntz., entretanto, observou-se tendência de aumento na densidade da família Lauraceae. O período de meia vida estimado para a floresta foi de 97 anos e, para Araucaria angustifolia, 332 anos. As estimativas ainda sugerem que, em 71 anos, as espécies de Lauraceae devem duplicar sua densidade. O crescimento da floresta foi inferior ao da família Lauraceae (= 0,175 cm/ano e = 0,179 cm/ano, respectivamente) e a Araucaria angustifolia manteve o menor crescimento (= 0,159 cm/ano). As análises indicaram um avanço sucessional, com a gradual substituição da Araucaria angustifolia por espécies com maior adaptação às condições de equilíbrio.Palavras-chave: Família Lauraceae; Floresta com Araucária; sucessão florestal. AbstractEcology and diametric projection of three arboreal groups in a Mixed Ombrophilous Forest fragment in São Francisco de RS, Brazil. The Mixed Ombrophylous Forest performs an important social and ecological function in southern Brazil. Although it has suffered a profound exploratory process, resulting in their fragmentation, it has a high potential for management that, properly applied, promotes conservation and recovery of their remains. In order to assess the increment in diameter and dynamics of phytophisiognomy, this research used data from the tree strata (DBH≥9.5 cm) of 10 permanent plots of 1 ha each remeasured annually between the period 2000 to 2009 in São Francisco de Paula National Forest, RS, Brazil. The observations and projections indicate a gradual reduction in the forest density, showing up Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze species, however, for the Lauraceae species, there was a tendency of increase. The period of half-life estimated for the forest was 97 years and for Araucaria angustifolia, 332 years. The estimates also suggested that in 71 years, the Lauraceae should double its density. The forest growth was lower than that observed in the Lauraceae (=0.175 cm/year and =0.179 cm/year, respectively) and Araucaria angustifolia maintained the lowest growth (=0.159 cm/year). The analysis indicated a positive advance, with the gradual replacement of Araucaria angustifolia by other species with greater adaptation to the successional conditions. Keywords: Araucaria Forest; Lauraceae family; forest succession.

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Camargo, Maria José de, Mayker Lazaro Dantas Miranda, Camila Miyuki Kagamida, Edilene Delphino Rodrigues, Fernanda Rodrigues Garcez, and Walmir Silva Garcez. "Sesquiterpenos de Ocotea lancifolia (Lauraceae)." Química Nova 36, no. 7 (2013): 1008–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-40422013000700015.

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Van der Werff, Henk. "Three New Species of Lauraceae." Novon, A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 29 (October 28, 2021): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2021714.

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Three new species of Lauraceae are described and illustrated and their relationships are discussed. One new species, Beilschmiedia vohemarensis van der Werff, is endemic to Madagascar and differs from the similar B. microphylla (Kosterm.) Kosterm. in its type of pubescence and habitat. Licaria monsalveae van der Werff is restricted to the Choco region of Colombia and differs from the similar L. brasiliensis (Nees) Kosterm. in its tomentulose, not appressed pubescence. Ocotea sacculifera van der Werff is only known from Bolivia and differs from all other species of Ocotea Aubl. in its pouchlike domatia.

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Lorea Hernandez, Francisco G. "On Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) in Mexico." Acta Botanica Mexicana, no. 40 (July 1, 1997): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm40.1997.778.

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Se da una visión general de la presencia de Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) en México y se describen e ilustran cinco especies nuevas del género (Cinnamomum bractefoliaceum, C. glossophyllum, C. leptophyllum, C. velveti y C. zapatae) para este país; se comentan además aspectos de su distribución y posibles relaciones con otras especies del género. Se proponen aquí también dos nuevos nombres (Cinnamomum concinnum y C. grisebachii ). Al final se presenta una clave para las especies mexicanas de este género.

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Chanderbali, Andre. "Novelties in Guianian Endlicheria (Lauraceae)." Novon 6, no. 4 (1996): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3392037.

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D., Baro, Bawri A., and S. K. Borthakur. "Lectotypification of Beilschmiedia gammieana (Lauraceae)." Rheedea 30, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.11.

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Werff, Henk Van Der. "A Revision of Mezilaurus (Lauraceae)." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 74, no. 1 (1987): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2399274.

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van der Merwe, J. J. M., A. E. Van Wyk, and P. D. F. Kok. "Pollen types in the lauraceae." Grana 29, no. 3 (January 1990): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173139009427751.

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Brophy, Joseph J., Robert J. Goldsack, and Paul I. Forster. "Essential Oil ofLindera queenslandica(Lauraceae)." Journal of Essential Oil Research 11, no. 4 (July 1999): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1999.9701182.

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CHAKRABARTY, TAPAS, and SUBIR BANDYOPADHYAY. "Typification of Beilschmiedia lucidula (Lauraceae)." Phytotaxa 587, no. 1 (March 9, 2023): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.10.

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Chakrabarty, Tapas, and Subir Bandyopadhyay. "Typification of Beilschmiedia lucidula (Lauraceae)." Phytotaxa 587, no. 1 (March 9, 2023): 71–72. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.10.

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Chakrabarty, Tapas, Bandyopadhyay, Subir (2023): Typification of Beilschmiedia lucidula (Lauraceae). Phytotaxa 587 (1): 71-72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.10

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Peña, Jorge E., Scott W. Weihman, Stephen McLean, Ronald D. Cave, Daniel Carrillo, Rita E. Duncan, Gregory Evans, et al. "Predators and parasitoids associated with Scolytinae in Persea species (Laurales: Lauraceae) and other Lauraceae in Florida and Taiwan." Florida Entomologist 98, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 903–10. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.098.0314.

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Peña, Jorge E., Weihman, Scott W., McLean, Stephen, Cave, Ronald D., Carrillo, Daniel, Duncan, Rita E., Evans, Gregory, Krauth, Stephen, Thomas, M. C., Lu, S. S., Kendra, Paul E., Roda, Amy L. (2015): Predators and parasitoids associated with Scolytinae in Persea species (Laurales: Lauraceae) and other Lauraceae in Florida and Taiwan. Florida Entomologist 98 (3): 903-910, DOI: 10.1653/024.098.0314, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1653/024.098.0314

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Alves, Flávio Macedo, Leandro Cézanne de Souza Assis, Alexandre Quinet, and João Batista Baitello†. "A Key to the Neotropical Genera of Lauraceae." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 110 (January 30, 2025): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3417/2025938.

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Lauraceae are a diverse family of the Neotropical flora that have recently undergone extensive taxonomic changes in the delimitation of genera. Here we review 30 currently accepted Neotropical genera of Lauraceae based on the combination of vegetative and reproductive characters, with a focus on floral characters. We present an identification key, as well as diagnostic descriptions, number of species, distribution, and phylogenetic information for the accepted Neotropical genera.

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De Moraes, Pedro, Domingos Cardoso, Bernarda Gregório, and João Baitello. "A REMARKABLE NEW GYNODIOECIOUS SPECIES OF OCOTEA (LAURACEAE) FROM THE BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST, AND ITS PHYLOGENETIC PLACEMENT IN THE OCOTEA COMPLEX." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 79 (November 14, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/ejb.2022.1875.

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Ocotea bilocellata Baitello, D.B.O.S.Cardoso & P.L.R.Moraes, a species of Lauraceae that is new to science and from the Atlantic rain forest of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The newly described species does not fit in any of the traditionally circumscribed disporangiate Lauraceae genera; rather, we show that it is phylogenetically placed within the Ocotea minarum group, as revealed by nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid psbA–trnH sequence data.

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Zhang, Yunyan, Yongjing Tian, David Y. P. Tng, Jingbo Zhou, Yuntian Zhang, Zhengwei Wang, Pengfu Li, and Zhongsheng Wang. "Comparative Chloroplast Genomics of Litsea Lam. (Lauraceae) and Its Phylogenetic Implications." Forests 12, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060744.

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Litsea Lam. is an ecological and economic important genus of the “core Lauraceae” group in the Lauraceae. The few studies to date on the comparative chloroplast genomics and phylogenomics of Litsea have been conducted as part of other studies on the Lauraceae. Here, we sequenced the whole chloroplast genome sequence of Litsea auriculata, an endangered tree endemic to eastern China, and compared this with previously published chloroplast genome sequences of 11 other Litsea species. The chloroplast genomes of the 12 Litsea species ranged from 152,132 (L. szemaois) to 154,011 bp (L. garrettii) and exhibited a typical quadripartite structure with conserved genome arrangement and content, with length variations in the inverted repeat regions (IRs). No codon usage preferences were detected within the 30 codons used in the chloroplast genomes, indicating a conserved evolution model for the genus. Ten intergenic spacers (psbE–petL, trnH–psbA, petA–psbJ, ndhF–rpl32, ycf4–cemA, rpl32–trnL, ndhG–ndhI, psbC–trnS, trnE–trnT, and psbM–trnD) and five protein coding genes (ndhD, matK, ccsA, ycf1, and ndhF) were identified as divergence hotspot regions and DNA barcodes of Litsea species. In total, 876 chloroplast microsatellites were located within the 12 chloroplast genomes. Phylogenetic analyses conducted using the 51 additional complete chloroplast genomes of “core Lauraceae” species demonstrated that the 12 Litsea species grouped into four sub-clades within the Laurus-Neolitsea clade, and that Litsea is polyphyletic and closely related to the genera Lindera and Laurus. Our phylogeny strongly supported the monophyly of the following three clades (Laurus–Neolitsea, Cinnamomum–Ocotea, and Machilus–Persea) among the above investigated “core Lauraceae” species. Overall, our study highlighted the taxonomic utility of chloroplast genomes in Litsea, and the genetic markers identified here will facilitate future studies on the evolution, conservation, population genetics, and phylogeography of L. auriculata and other Litsea species.

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Oh, Mira, Hyun-Seung Park, Soohyun Um, Tae-Jin Yang, and Seung Hyun Kim. "A comparative phytochemical study of nine Lauraceae species by using chemometric data analysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): e0273616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273616.

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The diversity of secondary metabolites of individual plants results from multiple enzymatic processes in planta and various environmental factors, such as temperature, moisture, and soil conditions. Chemical composition analysis of plants can lead to a new method to understand relationship among comparable plants along with biological classification such as genetic and anatomical method. In this study, the chemical diversity of nine different Lauraceae species was investigated, and the plant samples were chemically analyzed and classified. Multivariate analysis methods, such as PLS-DA, were used to select important metabolites distinguishing the nine Lauraceae species. The selected metabolites were identified through preparative LC-MS or MS/MS fragment pattern analysis. In addition, the chemical dendrogram for the nine Lauraceae species was interpreted through molecular network analysis and compared with the genetic dendrogram. This approach enabled us to compare the complete chemical compositions of multiple plant samples to identify relationships among plants.

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Zhu, Wen, Yunhong Tan, Xinxin Zhou, Yu Song, and Peiyao Xin. "The Complete Plastid Genome Sequences of the Belian (Eusideroxylon zwageri): Comparative Analysis and Phylogenetic Relationships with Other Magnoliids." Forests 14, no. 12 (December 14, 2023): 2443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14122443.

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The Belian (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn.) is a commercially important timber species in Southeast Asia that was listed on the IUCN Red List of threatened species in 1998. Six years ago, we published an article in Genome Biology Ecology entitled “Evolutionary Comparisons of the Chloroplast Genome in Lauraceae and Insights into Loss Events in the Magnoliids” in which one complete plastid genome of Belian was assembled for comparative analyses of the plastomes in Lauraceae. However, a recent study concluded that our sequenced Belian individual can be located in the clade of Myristicaceae instead of that of Lauraceae. Here, we performed reanalyses of an additional two Belian plastomes, along with 42 plastomes from plants spanning 10 families of the Magnoliids. The three Belian plastomes are 39% CG and vary in length from 157,535 to 157,577 bp. A total of 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 85 protein-coding genes were among the 130 annotated genes. There were 95–101 repeat sequences and 56–61 simple repeat sequences (SSRs). Comparative genomic analysis revealed 170 mutation sites in their plastomes, which include 111 substitutions, 53 indels, and 6 microinversions. Phylogeny was reconstructed using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian approaches for 44 magnoliids species, indicating that the 3 Belian individuals were nested among the species in the Lauraceae family rather than Myristicaceae.

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Wang, Siqi, Yangdong Wang, Yicun Chen, Yunxiao Zhao, and Ming Gao. "Advances in the Evolutionary Mechanisms and Genomic Studies of Sexual Differentiation in Lauraceae Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 9 (May 2, 2025): 4335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094335.

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The Lauraceae family, a keystone group in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystems, exhibits exceptional diversity in sexual systems (including hermaphroditic flowers, functionally unisexual flowers, and pseudo-dioecy), serving as a natural model for studying plant sexual differentiation mechanisms. This review synthesizes advances in the evolutionary mechanisms and genomic studies of sexual differentiation in Lauraceae, focusing on three key areas: (1) the evolution of taxonomic classification and floral morphology, (2) molecular trajectories of sexual differentiation, and (3) challenges and future directions in sex determination research (e.g., sex-linked marker development and gene-editing-assisted breeding). Morphological and phylogenetic analyses suggest that ancestral Lauraceae species were late Cretaceous hermaphroditic trees, with recent radiation of unisexual lineages (e.g., Cinnamomum and Laurus) linked to pollinator pressure, genome duplication events (WGD), and incipient sex chromosome evolution. Despite progress, critical challenges remain, including unresolved thresholds for sex chromosome origination, unquantified molecular pathways integrating environmental signals (e.g., photoperiod, temperature) with genetic networks, and the lack of efficient sex-specific markers and genetic transformation systems. Future studies should integrate single-cell omics, epigenetic profiling, and cross-species comparative genomics to elucidate spatiotemporal dynamics and evolutionary drivers of sexual differentiation. These efforts will advance genetic improvement and ecological restoration strategies. This review provides a systematic framework for advancing plant sexual evolution theory and promoting sustainable utilization of Lauraceae resources.

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Spínola, Vítor, and Paula C. Castilho. "Assessing the In Vitro Inhibitory Effects on Key Enzymes Linked to Type-2 Diabetes and Obesity and Protein Glycation by Phenolic Compounds of Lauraceae Plant Species Endemic to the Laurisilva Forest." Molecules 26, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072023.

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Methanolic leaf extracts of four Lauraceae species endemic to Laurisilva forest (Apollonias barbujana, Laurus novocanariensis, Ocotea foetens and Persea indica) were investigated for the first time for their potential to inhibit key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, aldose reductase) and obesity (pancreatic lipase), and protein glycation. Lauraceae extracts revealed significant inhibitory activities in all assays, altough with different ability between species. In general, P. indica showed the most promissing results. In the protein glycation assay, all analysed extracts displayed a stronger effect than a reference compound: aminoguanidine (AMG). The in vitro anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti-glycation activities of analysed extracts showed correlation with their flavonols and flavan-3-ols (in particular, proanthocyanins) contents. These Lauraceae species have the capacity to assist in adjuvant therapy of type-2 diabetes and associated complications, through modulation of the activity of key metabolic enzymes and prevention of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation.

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Kurniadew, Fera, Yana M. Syah, Lia D. Juliawaty, and Euis H. Hakim. "N-METIL LAUROTETANIN DAN BOLDIN, DUA SENYAWA TURUNAN ALKALOID APORFIN DARI Cryptocarya tawaensis Merr (Lauraceae)." JRSKT - Jurnal Riset Sains dan Kimia Terapan 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2011): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jrskt.012.02.

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Cryptocarya (Lauraceae), yang dikenal dengan nama daerah “medang” merupakan salah satu kelompok tumbuhan endemik hutan tropik Indonesia. Kelompok tumbuhan ini secara fitokimia merupakan penghasil metabolit sekunder golongan alkaloid, α-piron, flavonoid dan triterpen. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut di atas, kajian fitokimia terhadap senyawa alkaloid dari spesies Cryptocarya tawaensis Merr (Lauraceae) belum pernah dilaporkan sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian terhadap spesies ini telah berhasil diisolasi dan diidentifikasi dua senyawa turunan alkaloid aporfin, yaitu N-metillaurotetanin (1) dan boldin (2), dimana struktur molekul kedua senyawa tersebut ditetapkan berdasarkan sifat fisika, data spektroskopi UV, IR, 1H-NMR dan serta perbandingan dengan data senyawa standar yang telah dilaporkan. Senyawa 1 pernah dilaporkan sebelumnya dari spesies C. longifolia, sementara senyawa 2 baru pertama kali ditemukan dalam tumbuhan Cryptocarya. Berdasarkan penemuan kedua senyawa tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa C. tawaensis dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam tumbuhan Cryptocarya penghasil alkaloid. Kata kunci: Alkaloid, Aporfin, N-metil laurotetanin, boldin, Cryptocarya tawaensis Merr, Lauraceae

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Lebœuf, Michel, André Cavé, Anissa Ranaivo, and Henri Moskowitz. "Cryptowolinol et cryptowolidine, nouveaux alcaloïdes de type dibenzopyrrocoline." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-145.

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Four quaternary dibenzopyrrocoline alkaloids were isolated from the Neocaledonian Lauraceae Cryptocaryaphyllostemon and C. oubatchensis. Two of them were identified as cryptowoline and cryptaustoline, the only natural representatives of this structural type known up to now. The other two are new products and have been named cryptowolinol and cryptowolidine; their structures were elucidated, and synthesis of cryptowolidine was perfomed. An original feature of cryptowolinol is the unusual presence of an alcoholic hydroxyl on the benzylic carbon; its putative biogenetic origin is discussed. Keywords: Cryptocarya, Lauraceae, dibenzopyrrocoline alkaloids.

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Azizah, Nor, Gunawan Gunawan, and Agung Sriyono. "Keanekaragaman Tanaman Buah Di Kebun Raya Banua Kalimantan Selatan." Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v8i2.14355.

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Buah merupakan komoditas holtikultura yang memiliki peran penting dalam sistem pertanian di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini pendataan secara menyeluruh terhadap tanaman buah pada zona nusantara yang meliputi nama ilmiah, famili, dan asal tanaman. Hasil pendataan tanaman buah, menunjukkan terdapat 40 jenis tanaman buah yang terdapat di Kebun Raya Banua, dengan famili Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Clusiaceae, Dillaniaceae, Ebenaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Phyllantaceae, Rubiaceae, Salicaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae. Famili Clusiaceae merupakan famili yang paling banyak dijumpai yaitu 15, sedangkan famili yang paling sedikit adalah Lauraceae.

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Kieras, Wesllen Schuhli, Sebastião Do Amaral Machado, Allan Libanio Pelissari, Vinicius Costa Cysneiros, and Samuel Alves Da Silva. "INFLUENCE OF THE LAURACEAE FAMILY ON THE DYNAMICS OF A MIXED OMBROPHILOUS FOREST REMNANT." FLORESTA 51, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i1.67629.

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Lauraceae family has one of the highest values of importance in the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (MOF). The commercial value of some of its species was a reason for intense forest exploitation in the southern region of Brazil. Considering the hypothesis that it provides an essential subsidy for the constitution of this forest type, the aim of this study was to identify and quantify the influence of Lauraceae family in the dynamics of a 15.2 ha MOF remnant. Census data were collected every three years, since 2007, in which all trees with a circumference at 1.3 m height equal to or greater than 30 cm were identified and measured. Dynamics were analyzed by periodic increment in diameter, recruitment, and mortality through the measurement periods, while cluster multivariate analysis and canonical correlation were applied for grouping species and assessing their importance on the forest remnant dynamics. Diameter distribution prognosis of Lauraceae and its species was obtained through a transition matrix. Eleven tree species of Lauraceae family were identified, which showed decreasing diameter distribution and value of importance equals to 9.51%. Using cluster analysis, five groups were obtained, while the canonical correlation of 0.551 was considered moderate and statistically significant by Wilks’ Lambda test. By the projection of diameter distribution, it was verified that the study community is stable and self-regenerative. Although it is considered moderate, the influence of family on the forest remnant tends to increase with the advance of ecological succession.

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Tressens, Sara G. "El género Cryptocarya (Lauraceae) en Argentina." Bonplandia 9, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1997): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/bon.93-41483.

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<em>Cryptocarya</em> R.Br. (Lauraceae) se presenta por primera vez para la flora argentina. Son citadas sus diferencias con otros géneros del país. Se incluye una descripción y una illustration de <em>C. aschersoniana</em> Mez.

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Giannerini, Ana Carolina, Alexandre Quinet, and Regina Helena Potsch Andreata. "Lauraceae in Itatiaia National Park, Brazil." Rodriguésia 66, no. 3 (September 2015): 863–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566314.

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ResumoO trabalho apresenta um estudo taxonômico das espécies de Lauraceae no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Município de Itatiaia, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. São apresentadas 19 espécies subordinadas a 11 gêneros: Aiouea(1 sp.), Aniba (1 sp.), Beilschmiedia (1 sp.),Cinnamomum (1 sp.), Cryptocarya (2 spp.),Endlicheria (1 sp.), Licaria (2 spp.),Nectandra (5 spp.), Persea (3 spp.),Phyllostemonodaphne (1sp.),Rhodostemonodaphne (1 sp.). O estudo consta de chave de identificação, descrições, dados das fenofases, distribuição geográfica, comentários e ilustrações.

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Pennington, T. D., and J. G. Rohwer. "Lauraceae: Nectandra. Flora Neotropica Monograph 60." Kew Bulletin 49, no. 3 (1994): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4114495.

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Kostermans, Andre J. G. H. "Reduction of Gamanthera to Licaria (Lauraceae)." TAXON 42, no. 4 (November 1993): 853–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1223268.

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