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1
Neal, Deborah. « Life after stroke : 'a life I like' and 'a life to live' ». Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2017. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/29903/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This doctoral thesis describes, critically evaluates and reflects on the development and evaluation of an innovative approach to supporting individuals after a stroke. This approach consists of; a once-weekly, twelve week, stroke self-management programme consisting of interactive information provision, rehabilitation and exercise in an environment of peer and caregiver support called ‘ASPIRE’ – an acronym for Acute stroke, Self-management support, secondary Prevention, Information, Rehabilitation and Exercise. The development of the ASPIRE programme was influenced by interviews with those involved in the ASPIRE programme and the process and results of a primary research evaluation using mixed methods. The aim of this two phase evaluation was to 1) identify participants’ views as to the outcomes of attending the ASPIRE programme, using a grounded theory approach and 2) identify whether those outcomes could be assessed using currently existing standardised validated tools. Three key themes were identified; A life I like – the confidence to do the everyday activities important to a person after a stroke; Changing hearts and minds – the confidence, knowledge and health behaviour change to reduce vascular risk after stroke and In the same boat – the benefits of peer support for stroke survivors and caregivers. These themes were used to select relevant standardised validated tools; the Stroke Knowledge Test (SKT), Stroke Self Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ), Cerebrovascular Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (CABS-R), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Caregiver Strain Index (CSI). Statistically significant gains were identified in the SKT and HADS – depression score. The tools were useful and sensitive to change; however, the SSEQ had a ceiling effect with this cohort and the CABS-R was found difficult to use. Although existing outcome tools may not adequately measure new multi-factorial post-stroke interventions such as the ASPIRE programme, the unique contributions of this doctoral thesis to the body of knowledge are that; • An enabling culture, that includes peer support for stroke survivors and caregivers, helps individuals to move forward after stroke. • Support for self-generated goal planning, based on a ‘life-thread’ approach, may improve outcomes from stroke survivors’ perspectives. • Supporting individuals to develop the confidence, knowledge and health behaviours to reduce vascular risk can be an integral and complementary part of rehabilitation after stroke. A multi-factorial programme to enable life after stroke should therefore include both rehabilitation “A life I like” and secondary prevention “A life to live”. • Individually tailored exercise programmes to support rehabilitation and secondary prevention can be used with groups of stroke survivors with a wide range of deficits.
2
Fewster, Christopher John. « Point-like and line-like idealisations in quantum mechanics ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337950.
Texte intégral
3
Squires, Lile P. « Friction Bit Joining of Dissimilar Combinations of Advanced High-Strength Steel and Aluminum Alloys ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4104.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Friction bit joining (FBJ) is a new method that enables lightweight metal to be joined to advanced high-strength steels. Weight reduction through the use of advanced high-strength materials is necessary in the automotive industry, as well as other markets, where weight savings are increasingly emphasized in pursuit of fuel efficiency. The purpose of this research is twofold: (1) to understand the influence that process parameters such as bit design, material type and machine commands have on the consistency and strength of friction bit joints in dissimilar metal alloys; and (2) to pioneer machine and bit configurations that would aid commercial, automated application of the system. Rotary broaching was established as an effective bit production method, pointing towards cold heading and other forming methods in commercial production. Bit hardness equal to the base material was found to be highly critical for strong welds. Bit geometry was found to contribute significantly as well, with weld strength increasing with larger bit shaft diameter. Solid bit heads are also desirable from both a metallurgical and industry standpoint. Cutting features are necessary for flat welds and allow multiple material types to be joined to advanced high-strength steel. Parameters for driving the bit were established and relationships identified. Greater surface area of contact between the bit and the driver was shown to aid in weld consistency. Microstructure changes resulting from the weld process were characterized and showed a transition zone between the bit head and the bit shaft where bit hardness was significantly increased. This zone is frequently the location of fracture modes. Fatigue testing showed the ability of FBJ to resist constant stress cycles, with the joined aluminum failing prior to the FBJ fusion bond in all cases. Corrosion testing established the use of adhesive to be an effective method for reducing galvanic corrosion and also for protecting the weld from oxidation reactions.
4
Martini, Pietro. « Live-line working and evaluation of risk on 400kV transmission line ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/liveline-working-and-evaluation-of-risk-on-400kv-transmission-line(b19247d6-22cc-4815-b865-d80a957dfd7b).html.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Power industries in transmission and distribution level are obligated to maintain and replace their electrical equipment. Maintaining the quality and continuity of supply is their priority to avoid customers' complaints and financial penalisation. Live-line working as one of the most important methods of maintenance has been used since the 1900s where the new methods in 1960s made the live-line workers enabled to work on the higher voltage levels up to 800kV. Various industries adopt different techniques to calculate the minimum approach distance (MAD) during the live-line work. A suitable method reduces the risk to live-line workers and provides adequate safety distances between the live parts and linesmen. Therefore, setting an appropriate safety distance between the linesmen and live parts ensures the safety of the workers and minimise the risk of flashover. In this thesis, different methods of calculation of the minimum approach distance are described, and results from overvoltage simulations are used as an input to the methodology outlined in IEC 61472. Also, this thesis highlights and investigates the impact of a range of factors within 400kV transmission line on the minimum approach distance (MAD). Factors examined include the time to crest of the overvoltage (wave shape), the fault type, the probability of occurrence of each type of fault, fault level and the type of overhead line and towers. Furthermore, the minimum approach distances and also associated risk due to each factor and scenario have been calculated. The calculated risk in this thesis presents the risk of failure of a gap against the switching overvoltages due to the simulation of sources of overvoltage. A new set of estimated equations is developed to consider the influence of wave shape in the calculation of the minimum approach distance (MAD). This thesis does not propose a method to replace the international standards, but it could be used in many situations including where utility companies wish to develop a complete understanding of the risk associated with live-line working. Calculation of the minimum approach distance (MAD) within the National Grid UK is based on the methodology described in the IEC 61472, whereas EDF Energy uses the IEEE method to calculate the minimum approach distance. The choice of a smaller / larger minimum approach distance (MAD) using different methods will have an impact on the risk associated with live-line working. Previous works intend to investigate the magnitude of switching overvoltages on one part of a network and calculate the appropriate minimum approach distance for the work in that section. This work is based on the examination of the switching overvoltages under the worst case scenarios. As a result, the simulated overvoltages in this work are higher than expected overvoltages in National Grid network. Also as in practice, the magnitude of switching overvoltages in National Grid network is controlled by different protections equipment therefore, the simulated results and the calculated minimum approach distances in this work are very conservative.
5
Brown, Tracy-Lyn. « What's life really like ? : single mothers' perceptions ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq23235.pdf.
Texte intégral
6
Jeffries, Sean A. « LIFE ON THE LINE : AN ANALYSIS OF THE LIGHTING DESIGN FOR A CHORUS LINE ». Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1334244672.
Texte intégral
7
Ammar, Gregory, Christian Mehl et Volker Mehrmann. « Schur-Like Forms for Matrix Lie Groups, Lie Algebras and Jordan Algebras ». Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200501032.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We describe canonical forms for elements of a classical Lie group of matrices under similarity transformations in the group. Matrices in the associated Lie algebra and Jordan algebra of matrices inherit related forms under these similarity transformations. In general, one cannot achieve diagonal or Schur form, but the form that can be achieved displays the eigenvalues of the matrix. We also discuss matrices in intersections of these classes and their Schur-like forms. Such multistructered matrices arise in applications from quantum physics and quantum chemistry.
8
Cruikshank, Julie. « Life lived like a story : cultural constructions of life history by Tagish and Tutchone women ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41444.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis is based on collaborative research conducted
over ten years with three elders of Athapaskan/Tlingit ancestry,
in the southern Yukon Territory, Canada Mrs. Angela Sidney, Mrs.
Kitty Smith and Mrs. Annie Ned are also authors of this document
because their oral accounts of their lives are central to the
discussion. One volume examines issues of method and ethnographic
writing involved in such research and analyses the accounts
provided by these women; a second volume presents their accounts,
in their own words, in three appendices.
The thesis advanced here is that life history offers two
distinct contributions to anthropology. As a method, it
provides a model based on collaboration between participants
rather than research 'by' an anthropologist 'on' the community.
As ethnography, it shows how individuals may use the
traditional dimension of culture as a resource to talk about
their lives, and explores the extent to which it is possible f or
anthropologists to write ethnography grounded in the perceptions
and experiences of people whose lives they describe. Narrators
provide complex explanations for their experiences and decisions
in metaphoric language, raising questions about whether
anthropological categories like 'individual', 'society' and
'culture' are uniquely bounded units. The analysis focusses on how these women attach central
importance to traditional stories (particularly those with female
protagonists), to named landscape features, to accounts of
travel, and to inclusion of incidents from the lives of others in
their narrated 'life histories'. Procedures associated with both
life history analysis and the analysis of oral tradition are used
to consider the dynamics of narration. Particular attention is
paid to how these women use oral tradition both to talk about the
past and to continue to teach younger people appropriate behavior
in the present. The persistence of oral tradition as a system of
communication and information in the north when so much else has
changed suggests that expressive forms like story telling
contribute to strategies for adapting to social, economic and
cultural change.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
9
Björnsson, Karl. « Amplified Speech in Live Theatre, What should it Sound Like ? » Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sound on-stage has always been part of the theatre experience. Today the usage of microphones to amplify speech is very common and has become more of a rule rather than an exception. This study investigates amplified speech in live theatre. The goal was to understand the sound engineers’ choice in how, when and why they would apply certain techniques when amplifying speech in live theatre. Six theatre sound engineers were interviewed using a semi-structured form and the analysis was of a grounded theory. The interviews were conducted via skype where both video and audio were recorded. Four main categories were created; microphones, voices, aesthetics and technical, and subcategories were developed from the interviews. The research showed that theatre engineers strive to optimize the illusion for the theatre audience to believe that during the performance, they’re located in the same world as the actors are located in.
10
Debugne, Antoine Louis René. « A study of round, line-like and meandering turbulent fountains ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284881.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The dynamics of different classes of turbulent and miscible fountains are stud- ied: from classic axisymmetric fountains issuing from round sources, to confined fountains propagating in a quasi-two-dimensional environment, to line fountains which form when release conditions are approximately two-dimensional at the source. Each class is characterised by distinct dynamical behaviour, which this the- sis analyses both through theoretical arguments and experimental measurements. A model for the entrainment of ambient fluid into a fluctuating fountain top is developed and implemented into a first complete description for round fountains. The solutions of the resulting 'three-region-model' lie in improved agreement with available data and, uniquely, do not diverge near the top of the fountain. Next, con- fined fountains (unexplored to date) are classified into four flow regimes and their behaviour collapsed according to a single governing parameter that captures the severity of confinement. Finally, new experiments on line foutains shed light on the quasi-steady structure of these flows, revealing (and motivating) a strong con- nection between their motion in the vertical and lateral planes. Round, confined and line fountains are then contrasted in the conclusions, where we reflect on what is required to progress towards a unified theory of turbulent fountains.
11
Barrett, Katy Louise Emily. « The wanton line : Hogarth and the public life of longitude ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648807.
Texte intégral
12
Morgan, Alastair. « 'Life does not live' : experience and life in the philosophies of Theodor W. Adorno and Giorgio Agamben ». Thesis, Middlesex University, 2005. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/11151/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis provides a critical examination of the concepts of experience and life in the work of Theodor W. Adorno and Giorgio Agamben. The shared context of their thought consists in an examination of damaged life which reaches its apotheosis in "Auschwitz", an account of the destruction of experience in modernity, and an emphasis that the path to a form of life beyond damaged life can only be constructed immanently, through damaged life itself. The philosophical problem that this thesis addresses is the question of the possibility of a life beyond damaged life. Given the destruction of experience encapsulated in an idea of a life that does not live, how can a critical subjectivity found the possibility of a path beyond such a reified context ? Both Agamben and Adorno delineate such a path through a dissolution of subjectivity which can open itself to the possibility of a different experience of life. It is argued that Adorno's concept of negative dialectics gives the grounding for the possibility of a critical subjectivity that can found itself within its own dissolution through an experience of possibility produced by a deepening of the contradictions of damaged life. The first two chapters critically examine the accounts of bare life and damaged life through Adorno and Agamben's writings on Auschwitz and life as survival.C hapterst hree and four clarify the philosophical antecedents to the concept of life in Adorno's work and argue that a path beyond damaged life cannot be configured in terms of a re-enchantment of nature. Chapter five provides a bridge in the thesis between the analysis of concepts of life and experience, through a critical examination of the account of the decay of experience given in Agamben and Adorno's work. It is argued that both their accounts are too undifferentiated, as they miss the possibilities that arise in the decay of experience. However, Adorno's emphasis on dialectical experience rather than an authoritative concept of experience, gives his philosophy a resource with which to think the possibility of another form of life, even amidst the destruction of experience. In the final three chapters, I reconstruct three central and related concepts of experience beyond damaged life that Adorno outlines throughout his work; a concept of interpretation, a concept of a negative redemptive breakthrough, and finally the metaphysical experience of reconciliation. These experiences relate to a concept of life in terms of an embodied thought, but not as an experience of a naturalistic, unchangeable ground. The possibility of an experience of life remains in the experience of a dissolution of subjectivity that does not turn into total destruction.
13
Reiners, Ansgar. « Measurements of differential rotation in line profiles of solar-like stars ». [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96651338X.
Texte intégral
14
Spellane, Jenna Marie. « The 'life-like' coffins and coffin-boards of the New Kingdom ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611717.
Texte intégral
15
Carey, Malcolm. « The care managers : life on the front-line after social work ». Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417246.
Texte intégral
16
Menczer, Filippo. « Life-like agents : internalizing local cues for reinforcement learning and evolution / ». Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9906486.
Texte intégral
17
Olsen, Jason Nicoli. « Life History Alterations of the VG-MYRASTEAKT Line of Anopheles Stephensi Mosquitoes ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311800.
Texte intégral
18
Davidge, Robert James. « Computer processors which behave like unicellular organisms : a thesis in artificial life ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260803.
Texte intégral
19
Guidetti, Veronica. « Axion-like particles and the 3.5 keV line in 4D string models ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10346/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This work is focused on axions and axion like particles (ALPs) and their possible relation with the 3.55 keV photon line detected, in recent years, from galaxy clusters and other astrophysical objects. We focus on axions that come from string compactification and we study the vacuum structure of the resulting low energy 4D N=1 supergravity effective field theory.
We then provide a model which might explain the 3.55 keV line through the following processes.
A 7.1 keV dark matter axion decays in two light axions, which, in turn, are transformed into photons thanks to the Primakoff effect and the existence of a kinetic mixing between two U(1)s gauge symmetries belonging respectively to the hidden and the visible sector.
We present two models, the first one gives an outcome inconsistent with experimental data, while the second can yield the desired result.
20
Morgan, Norma Jean. « Life on the line : Indigenous women cannery workers' experiences of precarious work ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55102.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation examines the experiences of Indigenous women engaged in precarious and seasonal salmon cannery work. The dissertation argues that to grasp the nature of the women's work, which is exceedingly precarious, it is necessary to consider how it is shaped by a host of social, political, environmental and economic forces. In particular, the dissertation illustrates how provincial and Canadian neoliberal policies that developed during the past few decades have amplified the vulnerable status of Indigenous women cannery workers. Neoliberal discourses of active (worthy) and passive (unworthy) citizens embedded in social policies powerfully shape qualification requirements to programs such as Employment Insurance and Income Assistance while individualizing social inequalities experienced by Indigenous women. The dissertation employs both decolonizing and feminist methodologies to examine the everyday experiences of Indigenous women and to map out the social relations that shape their experience as precarious workers. Overall the dissertation contributes to making Indigenous women worker's lives more visible, to showing their significance in the salmon canning industry, to highlighting how their precarious labour undermines their well being and that of their families, and to demonstrating their resilience in the face of major obstacles.Arts, Faculty of
Sociology, Department of
Graduate
21
Korpunen, Päivi, et Andrea Nápravníková. « Work to live, don’t live to work ! : A cross-sectional study of the work-life balance of higher managers ». Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1239.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The work-life balance is currently in vogue among governments, organizations as well as researchers. Higher managers in organizations all over the world are exposed to significant pressures in their jobs, which further influence the balance between their work and private lives, job satisfaction and overall well-being. In this thesis, we apply a different perspective on the topic of work-life balance than most of the previous scientific research. We have focused on the governmental, organizational and individual factors that affect the work-life balance of higher managers and the consequent influence on their job satisfaction and overall well-being.
The objective of this study is to contribute to the work-life balance research by exploring the fit between companies’ human resource practices and higher managers’ actual perceptions and needs. In order to gain different perspectives, our empirical research consists of a series of interviews with both HR managers and members of higher management.
The key findings in terms of the factors influencing higher managers are reported. They suggest that the individuals are influenced by several aspects. The responsibility for personal work-life balance does not only lie on individuals themselves, but the organizations and governments play an important role in treating this issue as well.
22
Getka, Kristen. « Amenities Provided as Predictors of Job Satisfaction Among Entry-Level, Live-on/Live-in Housing and Residence Life Professionals ». Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5221.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Job satisfaction of entry-level student affairs professionals has been an issue of interest to researchers and practitioners alike since at least the 1980s. A high turnover of housing and residence life live-on and live-in (LO/LI) professionals has led to a curiosity for the reason. Investigation into job satisfaction of these professionals is an ideal way to determine ways to help retain LO/LI professionals and enhance their overall job satisfaction. In this study, the personal demographics, institutional demographics, and amenities provided to entry-level housing and residence life professionals holding LO/LI positions, and what impact, if any, they had on job satisfaction were examined. Job satisfaction was measured by two separate means, both based on the theoretical framework, the Job Characteristics Model. A web-based survey was distributed to approximately 9,000 members of the Association of College and University Housing Officers-International, asking for all LO/LI professionals to complete the survey. Personal demographics slightly affected job satisfaction, and institutional demographics were not related to job satisfaction. Amenities were the strongest predictors of job satisfaction among the three areas examined. Specific amenities such as meal plans, reserved parking, and flexible work hours had a more significant impact on job satisfaction than others.Ed.D.
Doctorate
Educational and Human Sciences
Education and Human Performance
Educational Leadership
23
de, Beun Arthur. « The design of a leakage current monitor for live line bare hand maintenance ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1253.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis describes the design of an instrument for the protection of personnel carrying out live line bare hand maintenance of power transmission circuits. This instrument monitors the leakage current along equipment to ground and sounds an alarm when preset thresholds are exceeded. The leakage current monitor is microprocessor controlled, resulting in both flexible and user friendly operation. The prototype constructed, has been tested and found to perform very well.
24
Johnson, Lauri. « "Crossing the color line" : life histories of white teachers coming to racial concsiousness / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7697.
Texte intégral
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SALOMAO, OMAR FERNANDES BRAGA. « LIKE TO WALK AMONG RUINS OR FRAGMENTARY : WHERE STAIN AND LINE ARE CONFUSED ». PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36148@1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A dissertação é uma tentativa de explorar caminhos de investigação da palavra poética que permitiram sua liberação de formatos estritos, como o processo iniciado por: Um lance de dados jamais abolirá o acaso de Mallarmé; a noção que Haroldo de Campos resgata do poeta-calígrafo, do pensamento do livro total, o livro como um objeto; e a estética da ruína identificada por Walter Benjamin no Barroco alemão. O campo de investigação é o de experiências poético-visuais que interrompem, criam deslocamentos ou obstruções na linguagem: manchas, infiltrações, junções, vestígios, ruínas, cicatrizes, colagens e apagamentos – procedimentos poéticos para permear o inaudito, o indizível, camadas e aberturas no objeto poema. Análise de três casos que se equilibram no limiar do poético e do plástico – Waly Salomão e seus Babilaques; Edgard Braga e seus poemas visuais; e Mira Schendel e suas Monotipias. A escrita da dissertação foi concebida em forma de ensaios e fragmentos, trazendo fotos e imagens-resquícios de cadernos e trabalhos feitos pelo autor ao longo do mestrado. São imagens que procuram ativar outros sentidos, sem obrigação explicativa, expositiva ou informativa, mas com uma relação direta e rizomática com a pesquisa.
The thesis is an attempt to explore ways of investigating the poetic word that allowed their release of strict formats, such as the process initiated by: Un Coup de Dés Jamais N Abolira Le Hasard from Mallarmé; the notion that Harold of Campos rescues from the poet-calligrapher, from the thought of the total book, the book as an object; and the aesthetic of ruins identified by Walter Benjamin in the german baroque. The field of investigation is that of poetic-visual experiences that interrupt, create displacements or obstructions in the language: stains, infiltrations, joints, traces, ruins, scars, collages and erasures –– poetic procedures to permeate the unprecedented, the tacit, layers and gaps in the poem object. Analysis of three cases that balance on the threshold of poetic and plastic –– Waly Salomão and his Babilaques; Edgard Braga and his visual poems; and Mira Schendel and her monotipes. The writing of the dissertation was worked in the form of essays and fragments, bringing photos and imagesremnants of notebooks and works done by me throughout the master s process. They are images that seek to activate other senses, without explanatory, expository or informative obligation, but with a direct and risomatic relation with this research.
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Godinho, Thalyta Fernandes. « An?lise genetica de matrizes de caryocar brasiliense utilizando marcadores moleculares microssat?lite ». UFVJM, 2013. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/489.
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Considerado como um ?hotspot? mundial de biodiversidade, o Cerrado apresenta alta abund?ncia de esp?cies end?micas e possui mais de 11.627 esp?cies de plantas nativas j? catalogadas. Dentre elas, o pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense), esp?cie que possui grande import?ncia ambiental e social neste bioma. A expans?o da fronteira agr?cola e a intensiva explora??o do Cerrado, por?m, t?m colocado em risco a preserva??o e a variabilidade gen?tica da esp?cie. Al?m disso, o extrativismo intensivo do pequizeiro pode gerar perdas de material gen?tico, j? que quase todos os frutos de qualidade, oriundos de gen?tipos superiores, s?o coletados. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar o banco de matrizes de pequi, utilizando marcadores moleculares microssat?lites, com fins de melhoramento e conserva??o da esp?cie. Para a extra??o do DNA gen?mico, foram utilizadas amostras foliares de 20 matrizes de Caryocar brasiliense, das quais 16 oriundas do Parque Estadual do Rio Preto (S?o Gon?alo do Rio Preto ? MG) e as demais oriundas da Fazenda Experimental da UFVJM ? Campus Moura (Curvelo ? MG). Para a amplifica??o do DNA, foram testados dez oligonucleot?deos espec?ficos para o pequi. Ap?s a amplifica??o, os fragmentos de DNA foram separados em gel desnaturante de poliacrilamida 10% e ureia 6 M em TBE 1x.A partir da leitura dos g?is gerou-se uma matriz bin?ria em que os indiv?duos foram genotipados quanto ? presen?a (1) e aus?ncia (0) de bandas. Com essa matriz, atrav?s do programa estat?stico R, calcularam-se as dist?ncias gen?ticas de Jaccard e obteve-se o dendrograma. As dist?ncias gen?ticas variaram de 0,15 a 0,70. A an?lise de agrupamento, representada pelo dendrograma, permitiu inferir que as matrizes foram divididas em quatro grupos distintos. Dessa forma, o programa de melhoramento do pequizeiro poder? utilizar esses dados para o estabelecimento e avalia??o de testes de prog?nies, com fins de produ??o ou conserva??o.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013
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Prodromou, Niki. « "The machine gives me life and I live it" (Berman J. ,1973,1113-1114) ». Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10082.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ce travail s'elabore a partir d'une pratique de psychologue clinicienne engagee dans l'accompagnement des malades insuffisants renaux chronique soumis a des seances regulieres d'hemodialyse. Sous le titre emprunte a berman (1973) ce t ravail tente d'explorer les representations que les malades se font de leur maladie, de leur propre corps, des contraint es du traitement, du lien a la machine. Cette machine avec laquelle ils entretiennent des relations ambivalentes d'amour et de haine, car, bien qu'elle "preserve" la vie, elle est aussi tyrannique, par la permanence de son application. La d ifficulte est ou la capacite des patients a s'adapter a l'hemodialyse peuvent s'exprimer dans un travail psychologique de soutien et d'etayage contenant.
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Rodriguez, Janet. « Puerto Rican Adolescents Striving to Live a Normal Life with HIV : A Grounded Theory ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194481.
Texte intégralRésumé :
According to the Puerto Rico Health Department as of January 2008, 258 cases of HIV, ages 10 -19 had been reported and 224 cases of AIDS, ages 13-19 (Puerto Rico Health Department, 2008). The purpose of this research was to describe the basic social processes of medication adherence in Puerto Rican youth who are HIV positive. Three research questions were proposed: 1) What are the basic social processes of medication adherence in Puerto Rican youth who are HIV- positive?; 2) What factors influence medication adherence (or nonadherence) among HIV- positive adolescents?; 3) What behaviors indicate that the HIV- positive adolescents adhere or do not adhere to their prescribed medications? The Autonomy Development of Adolescence by Steinberg provided the theoretical framework for this study. Grounded theory was used to study 13 Puerto Rican HIV-positive adolescents. Data collection included semi-structured, in-depth interviews, field notes, participant observation, and a demographic questionnaire. A substantive theory Striving to Live a Normal Life, with the core category of normal emerged from data analysis. Striving to Live a Normal Life explains how these Puerto Rican HIV-positive adolescents try to integrate their HIV status and treatment with their lives. These adolescents concentrate their lives on striving to live a normal life. A variety of ways is used to deal with HIV and has helped them visualize themselves as a normal adolescent with a normal life. Because they see themselves having a normal life, taking or not taking their medications for HIV is also seen as a normal part of their lives. This study suggests the beginning of understanding the concept and process of normalization in this population. These findings support the findings in a study done with HIV-positive adolescents from France in which the concept of normality was related to their lives. It also informs interventions to promote improved medication adherence among Puerto Rican youth who are HIV -positive.
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Lio, Yi-Ching. « Characterization of a Ca²⁺-independent phospholipase A₂ from the macrophage-like cell line P388D₁ / ». Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9732710.
Texte intégral
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Edwards, Cheri Paris. « Your Blues Ain't Like Mine : Voices from the Other Side of the Color Line ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609132/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation examines intra-racial colorism in works by writers who began their careers during the Harlem Renaissance, but whose writings span almost a century. In these writings, colorism; which can be defined as a bias directed toward an individual that is based on skin tone, is portrayed an intra-racial practice that results from the internalization of racist ideals. The practice relies on a hierarchy that most often privileges those closest to the color line. However, these depictions also show that the preponderance of skin tones can sometimes determine who is targeted. For the purposes of this study it is called reverse colorism when the bias is directed by individuals darker in skin tone toward those who are lighter. Consequently, the careful descriptions of the shades and hues of black characters becomes more than aesthetics and can be seen as a coded reference to experiential differences. While Alain Locke hailed the start of the Harlem Renaissance to signal the rise of The New Negro, the writings featured by female writers in this dissertation advance a less optimistic reality for women, who had to contend with both inter- and intra-racial bias because of their skin tone. Colorism is identified as a particularly prevalent presence in the lives of black women, who also saw skin tone subjectively and viewed themselves as darker than their male counterparts.
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Piva, Everson Dal. « Estudo de caso sobre o papel dos fluxos de calor latente e sensível em superfície em processos de ciclogênege de costa leste ocorrido na costa da América do Sul ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2001. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2002/03.28.19.50.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Foram realizadas simulações com o objetivo de estudar o impacto dos Fluxos de Calor Total (FCT)de Calor Latente (FCL)e de Calor Sensível (FCS)em superfície sobre o desenvolvimento de uma ciclogênese explosiva observada na costa leste da América do Sul ocorrida no período de 28 a 30 de maio de 1999. Também verificou-se o papel da Corrente do Brasil neste evento. Utilizou-se o modelo de área limitada da Japan Meteorological Agency (MAL-JAPA), o qual foi adaptado para a região da América Sul. Os dados utilizados foram as reanálises do National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP - ex - National Meteorological Center - NMC), com resolução horizontal de 2,5§ x 2,5§ e 17 níveis na vertical, e dados de TSM obtidos do NMC. Os resultados das simulações mostram que a ausência dos fluxos de calor em superfície e diminuiu a intensificação do ciclone e tiveram o maior impacto na fase de rápido desenvolvimento do ciclone. Os FCL contribuíram mais para os FCT do que os FCS. As principais diferenças obtidas nas simulações com e sem fluxos de calor em superfície foram que, nestas últimas, seus impactos foram aumentar a estabilidade estática e diminuir a disponibilidade de umidade, gerando assim, menor Liberação de Calor Latente (LCL). Inicialmente estas diferenças foram pequenas e localizadas em pequenas regiões mas, no decorrer das simulações, estas aumentaram em magnitude e em área. Com base nestes resultados, pode-se concluir que os fluxos de calor em superfície são mais importantes no período anterior à fase de rápido aprofundamento do ciclone, agindo no sentido de instabilizar e umedecer a atmosfera sobre o oceano próximo ao continente, facilitando o desenvolvimento de um sistema que se desloca do continente para o oceano. Os resultados da simulação realizada com a TSM climatológica sugere que os meandros associado às Correntes do Brasil e das Malvinas causaram pouco impacto no desenvolvimento dos ciclones estudados.A cyclogenesis case observed over South America coast is simulated with the aim of verifying the impact of the surface latent (FCL), sensible (FCS)and total (FCT)heat fluxes. The Brazil current role is also explored. The limited-area model of Japan Meteorological Agency (MAL-JAPA)adapted to South America region is used in this work. The data used to initial and boundary conditions are the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. This case is an explosive cyclogenesis event developed during May 28-30, 1999. The results of the simulations show that the surface heat fluxes had large contribution to the development of the extratropical cyclone. The FCL had more contribution to the FCT than the FCS. Simulations without surface heat flux show that the static stability is larger and the availability of humidity is less than in the simulation with FCT. In the beginning the differences were small and localized over small regions, but during the evolution of the simulations the differences grew in their magnitude and extension. Based in these results, it is possible conclude that the surface heat fluxes are more important in the early development phase of the cyclone and they also contribute for the atmosphere to become unstable and humid over the ocean adjoining the continent. These conditions are favorable to the development of a system moving over this region. The results of the simulation with the climatological sea surface temperature suggest that the meanders associated with the Brazil and Malvinas currents do not have much impact in the studied cyclone development.
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Pádua, Marcelo Banik de. « Estudo experimental de distorções geradas por linhas férreas eletrificadas em sondagens magnetotelúricas ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2000. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2002/03.28.19.55.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Foram realizadas sondagens magnetoteluricas (MT)em perfis ortogonais a Estrada de Ferro Campos do Jordao (EFCJ)na faixa de periodos de 20 a 6000 s. Os perfis situam-se nos estados de Sao Paulo e Minas Gerais, em duas regioes de condutividade contrastantes: a Bacia de Taubate, regiao sedimentar, e a Serra da Mantiqueira, regiao cristalina. A EFCJ opera com corrente eletrica DC produzindo um ruido eletromagnetico (EM)intenso, mas apenas no periodo diurno, sendo desativada a noite. Objetiva-se com este trabalho caracterizar o ruido EM produzido pela EFCJ e verificar seu efeito sobre os parametros MT. Com este intuito, os dados diurnos e noturnos foram analisados separadamente, enfatizando assim os efeitos da presenca ou ausência do ruido. Para a estimacao do tensor de impedancia (Z), foram utilizadas diversas tecnicas disponiveis a comunidade cientifica e, dos resultados obtidos, foi calculada a resistividade aparente e fase. Fez-se a comparacao entre os metodos procurando estabelecer a melhor abordagem para a obtencao de parametros MT confiaveis. Verificou-se, como esperado, que a presenca do ruido torna as curvas de resistividade aparente e fase mais irregulares e com barras de erros maiores. No entanto, para os metodos que obtiveram resultados satisfatórios, nota-se que os valores obtidos entre os periodos com e sem ruidos sao praticamente os mesmos. Conclui-se que, para estes metodos e na faixa de frequencia trabalhada, os dados podem ser analisados como um todo, sem que com isto o periodo contaminado com o ruido venha a mascarar o resultado, e com a vantagem de obter-se um resultado estatistico melhor, por aumentar a serie temporal analisada.Magnetotelluric soundings (MT)were carried out on profiles orthogonal to the Campos do Jordao Railway (EFCJ)in the period range of 20 to 6000 s. The profiles were located at Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais States, on two adjacent regions with contrasting conductivity: the conductive sedimentary region of Taubate Basin and the resistive crystalline region of Serra da Mantiqueira. The EFCJ operates with DC current that produces an intense electromagnetic (EM)noise, but only during diurnal periods, being turned off at night. The objective of this study is to characterize the EM noise made by the EFCJ and to verify its effects on MT parameters. Thus, the diurnal and nocturnal data were analyzed separately, and then compared in order to observe the effects of the noise. Some techniques presently available to the scientific community were used to estimate the impedance tensor (Z)and then the apparent resistivity and phase were calculated. The comparison between methods was used to establish the best way to obtain trustworthy MT parameters. As expected, the noise produced more irregular plots of apparent resistivity and phase and greater error bars. Nevertheless, for the methods that produced reliable results, the values obtained on the periods with and without the noise are practically the same. Then, for these methods, and in the studied frequency band, all data could be used in the analyzes, because the contaminated periods did not produce screening effects, with the advantage of providing a better statistical results with the increase in the analyzed time series.
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Schulz, Walkíria. « Estudo de transferências orbitais incluindo manobras aeroassistidas ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2001. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2002/03.28.20.00.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Este trabalho apresenta uma análise de missões espaciais através do desenvolvimento de um programa computacional para o cálculo de manobras aerodinâmicas e das manobras propulsivas necessárias para sua implementação. Além do desenvolvimento numérico, um estudo analítico contempla a realização da fase aeroassistida deste tipo de manobra. Nessa análise, estão incluídos um estudo dos limites térmicos associados com a passagem de um veículo pela atmosfera e outro sobre a análise dos erros associados. Diversas simulações de manobras aerodinâmicas são realizadas e comparadas com mudanças orbitais desenvolvidas fora da atmosfera. Conclui-se que se trata de um problema extremamente dependente das condições iniciais e que cada missão merece uma análise individual cuidadosa. Além disso, os resultados oriundos da formulação analítica mostram-se em comum acordo com os resultados numéricos nas camadas mais altas da atmosfera terrestre.This work presents an analysis of space missions through the development of a software package for the calculation of aerodynamic maneuvers and of the required thrust maneuvers for their implementation. Besides the numerical development, an analytical study contemplates the accomplishment of the aeroassisted phase of this maneuver type. This analysis includes a study of the thermal limits associated with a vehicle passage through the atmosphere as well as an analysis of the associated errors. Several simulations of aerodynamic maneuvers are carried out and compared with orbital changes accomplished outside of the atmosphere. Among the conclusions, it is shown that the problem is extremely sensitive to the initial conditions and each mission deserves a careful individual analysis. Finally, the results obtained from the analytical formulation are shown to be in agreement with the numerical results for the upper layers of the terrestrial atmosphere.
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Sant'Anna, Nilson. « Um ambiente integrado para o apoio ao desenvolvimento e gestão de projetos de software para sistemas de controle de satélite ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2000. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2002/03.28.20.03.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dez anos se passaram desde que o INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais foi bem sucedido na adoção de técnicas de engenharia de software (Cunha e Nakanishil993)quando na construção do primeiro sistema de software para controle de satélites, o SICS - SCD1. Entre outras técnicas, a garantia da qualidade, o controle das modificações /configuração e a estruturação das equipes em ambientes controlados eram sempre mencionados pela comunidade científica, como elementos fundamentais para uma boa gerência. A Engenharia de software se expandiu muito desde então, com novas abordagens como o ""Capability Maturity Model"" (SEI/CMM)e o ""Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination"" (ISO/SPICE). Além destas abordagens, normas foram publicadas e aceitas pela comunidade de desenvolvimento de software como a ISO/IEC 12207 e a ISO 9000-3. Atualmente as organizações modernas responsáveis pela construção de software confiável e de missão crítica estão preocupadas, cada vez mais, em tornar seus processos mais eficientes. Apenas a adoção de normas e das abordagens apresentadas acima, não garante a eficiência ideal para os processos. Este trabalho discute como o trabalho cooperativo e distribuído (Web/lnternet), a gestão integrada do conhecimento e dos eventos ocorridos nos projetos, a participação ativa de agentes autônomos computacionais poderão tornar estes processos mais eficientes. Baseado em uma abordagem evolutiva de processos suportados, é proposto um ambiente a ser construído aos passos, suportando novos processos, de acordo com os objetivos organizacionais. Além dos elementos que compõem a arquitetura conceitual, um protótipo de uma parte do ambiente está em desenvolvimento no Laboratório de Computação e Matemática Aplicada (INPE/LAC)para melhorar o suporte existente ao desenvolvimento de projetos futuros de sistemas de software para controle de satélites.Ten years were passed since National Institute for Space Research (INPE)has well succeeded adopting software engineering techniques in the construction of the first satellite control software systems, the SICS - SCD1. Among other techniques, quality assurance, version control and organized teams in controlled environments were always mentioned in technical literature, as fundamental elements for a good software management. Software Engineering has expanded, since then, with proposal of new models such as Capability Maturity Model (SEI-CMM)and Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination (ISO-SPICE). In addition to these models, the standards ISO/IEC 12207 and ISO 9000-3 were published and widely accepted by the software development community. Nowadays, modern organizations, responsible for the construction of reliable and mission critical software are corcerned about improving the efficiency of their development process. The simple adoption of the standards and models presented above does not guarantee this efficiency. This work presents a cooperative and integrated environment using Web/Internet and other concepts such as the integrated administration of the knowledge and the participation of active autonomous agents, that significantly improve the processes involved. Based on an evolutionary approach, an ""Environment"" is proposed to be built in steps, in agreement with the organizational objectives. Besides the elements that compose the conceptual architecture, a prototype of this environment is shown. This prototype is under development at Laboratory for Computing and Applied Mathematics (INPE/LAC)to improve the development of satellite control software systems.
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Silva, Jaime Augusto da. « Controle preditivo utilizando redes neurais artificiais aplicado a veículos aeroespaciais ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2001. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2002/11.18.18.42.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Um esquema de controle, empregando uma metodologia generalizada, destinado à solução de problemas de controle ótimo, treinamento de redes neurais e controle preditivo é desenvolvido, implementado e testado, em aplicações da área aeroespacial de grande relevância e atualidade. Nesta metodologia, um método de programação não linear, do tipo Projeção Estocástica do Gradiente, é utilizado para resolver aproximações discretizadas de problemas de controle ótimo. Problemas de treinamento de redes neurais e controle preditivo são também assim resolvidos através da otimização de funcionais quadráticos utilizados na obtenção dos ajustes dos pesos das redes neurais ou definição das ações de controle. Para os três casos considerados, uma iteração típica pode ser vista e tratada como um problema de estimação linear ótima de parâmetros. Mostra-se que os três algoritmos são o resultado da aplicação do método de Newton à otimização de funcionais específicos, fornecendo soluções que convergem localmente. Dois sistemas não lineares, um representado por uma equação recursiva e o outro por um sistema de duas equações diferenciais ordinárias, são utilizados para ilustrar a aplicação dos algoritmos de treinamento de redes neurais e controle preditivo. A seguir, o esquema proposto é aplicado ao controle de atitude em três eixos de um satélite com volante de inércia e mancal duplo. Resultados de simulações para a condição de pequenos erros iniciais e controle de atitude são então apresentados. Para avaliar os três algoritmos em conjunto, um esquema de pilotagem de um veículo espacial lançador de satélites, com três graus de liberdade, é considerado. Resultados de simulações e testes do esquema de pilotagem, na presença de perturbações não modeladas pelas redes neurais, são então apresentados e analisados.A generalised methodology used to solve optimal control problems, neural network training and design of a neural network based predictive control algorithm is presented and tested in aerospace control problems. A non-linear programming technique, namely, a stochastic gradient projection method is used to obtain an algorithm to solve optimal control problems. For neural network training and predictive control problems, it is shown that optimisation of a quadratic performance functional, used to determine the neural network weight adjustments or the discrete control actions, can be viewed and treated, in a typical iteration, as a stochastic optimal linear parameter estimation problem. The three algorithms are shown to be the result of application of Newton's method to appropriate optimisation functionals that provide solutions that converge locally. Two non-linear systems, one represented by a recursive equation and the other, by a set of two non-linear differential equations are used to illustrate the application of the neural network training and the predictive control algorithms. Then, the proposed scheme is applied to a three-axes satellite attitude control with a double-gimballed momentum wheel. Results of simulations and tests for the situation of fine pointing torques and errors in the initial satellite attitude are presented. In order to evaluate the three algorithms, a guidance scheme is proposed for a three-degrees of freedom, non-linear, flight trajectory control of a satellite launch vehicle. Results of simulations and tests for the situation of guidance in the presence of perturbations not modelled by the neural networks are then presented and analysed.
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Filho, Geraldo Ribeiro. « Melhoramentos no algoritmo genético construtivo e novas aplicações em problemas de agrupamento ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2000. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2002/02.15.17.52.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Os Algoritmos Evolutivos são tema de estudo há décadas e se baseiam na evolução através de gerações de populações cujos indivíduos são estruturas que representam possíveis soluções de um problema. Os chamados Algoritmos Genéticos estão nesse grupo de algoritmos e sua eficácia na aplicação a problemas de otimização combinatória está registrada em muitos trabalhos científicos. Recentemente tem sido objeto de estudo o Algoritmo Genético Construtivo (AGC), que trabalha com uma população de tamanho variável ao longo das gerações, não somente formada por estruturas, mas também por partes de estruturas. Este trabalho contribui com esse estudo apresentando uma adaptação do AGC para trabalhar com uma população formada apenas por partes de estruturas, criando estruturas não somente através da combinação dessas partes, mas também com complementação das partes selecionadas, e ainda utilizando um processo de busca local como mutação aplicada às estruturas. O processo mantém salva apenas a melhor estrutura eventualmente formada com a combinação ou complementação das partes na população. O estudo foi feito com a aplicação do AGC a três problemas de otimização muito estudados: Coloração de Grafos, Projeto de Células de Manufatura e Formação de Horários Escolares. O problema de Coloração de Grafos tem muitas aplicações práticas, essencialmente na formação de grupos de objetos sem incompatibilidades entre si. O problema de Projeto de Células de Manufatura está presente em ambientes de produção de peças utilizando máquinas, tratando de agrupar essas máquinas de modo a criar células de produção em que peças são completamente produzidas dentro da célula, evitando o transporte de produtos semi-acabados. O problema de Formação de Horários Escolares (Timetabling)tem importância evidente em instituições de ensino e sua automação se justifica por uma constante e cíclica demanda. Todos os problemas estudados foram considerados como problemas de formação de agrupamentos. O código do AGC foi escrito especificamente para cada problema a partir de uma estrutura básica e foi executado em microcomputadores e estações de trabalho, produzindo bons resultados para instâncias tomadas da literatura, criadas para testes ou mesmo instâncias reais.Evolutionary Algorithms has been a research subject for decades and are based on evolving populations of possible solutions for a problem along generations. Genetic Algorithms belong to this group and many scientific works have registered their efficiency applied to combinatorial optimization problems. Recently, the Constructive Genetic Algorithm (CGA)has been studied. This algorithm works with a variable size population over the generations, the population is formed not only by complete problem solutions but also problem solutions parts. This work contributes to the study of such algorithm by introducing a CGA adaptation that works with populations composed only by solution parts, creating complete solution not only by parts combination by also by parts complementation, and finally using a local search method as a mutation process over the complete solutions. This process keeps the best solution eventually found. The study was made using three very known optimization problems: Graph Coloring, Manufacturing Cell Design and School Timetabling. The Graph Coloring problem has many practical applications. It can be applied every time a set formed by objects with some incompatibility among its elements has to be partitioned into subsets with no incompatibilities inside. The Manufacturing Cell Design problem importance resides in planning environments to produce parts using machines, forming machine cells to completely produce parts, reducing the movement of non-completely produced parts. The School Timetabling problem has obvious importance for education institutions and its cyclic demand justify automation by using algorithms. All problems considered were seen as clustering problems. The AGC code was specifically written for each problem using a common base and was executed in microcomputers and workstations, producing good results for test instances taken from the literature, instances specially created for tests, and instances taken from the real word.
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Soler, Luciana de Souza. « Detecção de manchas de óleo na superfície do mar por meio de técnicas de classificação textural de imagens de radar de de abertura sintética (Radarsat-1) ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2000. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2002/03.15.12.58.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A procura por reservas de petróleo ao longo de plataformas continentais tem sido realizada, ao longo dos anos, em águas cada vez mais profundas, sendo que o petróleo cru e seus derivados são transportados por um número crescente de navios e oleodutos submarinos através dos oceanos. Como resultado destas atividades, o derramamento de óleo se mostra como uma séria ameaça à preservação e manutenção da saúde dos oceanos. Em virtude das limitações de técnicas convencionais de fiscalização e monitoramento da poluição do mar, tem-se buscado as técnicas de sensoriamento remoto orbital, como as apresentadas neste trabalho. Foram utilizadas imagens do sistema RADARSAT-1/SAR nos modos Fine e ScanSAR Wide obtidas na região da Bacia de Campos-RJ. A estas imagens foram aplicados dois tipos de classificadores texturais: Texture e CTS. Para a determinação da verdade terrestre, foram utilizados dados de direção e intensidade do vento e ondas, devido ao intervalo de 3 a 8 m/s de velocidade do vento a que se limita o monitoramento de óleo; e temperatura da superfície oceânica e cor do oceano no auxílio de localização de áreas de ressurgência, células de chuva e atividade biológica intensa. Os resultados das classificações foram analisados através de um teste estatístico, utilizando o coeficiente de concordância kappa. Observou-se que o Texture apresentou classificações superiores nas imagens Fine em relação ao CTS. Por outro lado, o CTS apresentou resultados superiores quando aplicado às imagens ScanSAR Wide. Conclui-se que a utilização dos classificadores Texture e CTS deve ser feita de modo complementar, conforme o modo de imageamento utilizado. Por fim, concluiu-se que o SAR se mostrou uma ferramenta útil na detecção de manchas na superfície oceânica.Oil spills are a serious threat to the ocean preservation and health. Throughout the years, the search for offshore oil reserves has been moved to deeper waters, resulting in an increasing number of ships and pipelines transporting both the crude oil and its derivatives. Because of the limitations of the conventional techniques to monitor oil pollution, remote sensing becomes a powerful tool, and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)images have been used for this purpose. However, there is a need to evaluate the different image processing techniques to detect the presence of oil at the sea surface in SAR images. In this work two textural classifiers were applied: Texture and the Semivariogram Textural Classifier (STC), on RADARSAT-1/SAR Fine and ScanSAR Wide beam modes. Used images were acquired for the continental shelf of Campos Basin-RJ. Wind and wave data derived from numerical forecast models were used to help the interpretation of processed images. In addition, images of sea surface temperature and ocean color were used to indicate probable oil spill look-alikes associated with upwelling areas, rain cells or regions with intense biological activities.The results of both classifiers were analyzed by a statistical test using the kappa coefficient of agreement. Texture classifier showed better results for Fine mode images, while STC performed better on ScanSAR Wide images. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of Texture and STC classifiers should be complementary and used according to the beam mode. The results reinforce the potential of SAR data as an useful tool to detect and monitor oil spills at the sea surface, as long as concurrent auxiliary data is available to minimize misclassification.
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Lehodey, Brigitte Tomé. « Estudo de subestruturas em aglomerados de Galáxias ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2000. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2002/03.28.18.55.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Esta dissertação apresenta dois métodos de detecção de subestruturas em aglomerados de galáxias e os resultados da sua aplicação a um conjunto de 4 destes sistemas. Nos capítulos 2 e 3, relembramos as principais propriedades dos aglomerados de galáxias e qual o interesse em estudá-los. Também damos a definição de subestruturas e ressaltamos a sua importância do ponto de vista da Cosmologia. Os capítulos 4 e 5 são consagrados à descrição detalhada destes métodos, sendo o primeiro, o Kernel adaptativo aplicado à distribuição espacial e cinemática das galáxias e o segundo, o Modelo de Visão Multi-escalas, aplicado à análise da emissão em raios-X difusa dos aglomerados e, por conseqüência, à distribuição do gás intraglomerado. No final destes dois capítulos, também são apresentados os resultados da aplicação destes métodos a nossa amostra de aglomerados. No capítulo 6, é feita uma análise comparativa dos resultados obtidos com cada método. No último capítulo, apresentamos as conclusões mais importantes deste trabalho, apontando, tentativamente, alguns desenvolvimentos possíveis. Dois apêndices finalizam o nosso trabalho, os quais detalham questões levantadas na nossa análise que não estão diretamente ligadas ao problema da detecção de subestruturas.This dissertation presents two methods for the detection of substructures in clusters of galaxies and the results of their application to a group of 4 clusters. In chapters 2 and 3, we remember the main properties of clusters of galaxies and give the definition of substructures. We also try to show why the study of substructures in clusters of galaxies is so important for Cosmology. Chapters 4 and 5 describe these two methods, the first one, the adaptative Kernel, is applied to the study of the spatial and kinematical distribution of the cluster galaxies. The second one, the MVM (Multiscale Vision Model), is applied to analyse the cluster diffuse X-ray emission, that is to say, the intracluster gas distribution. At the end of these two chapters, we also present the results of the application of these methods to our sample of clusters. In chapter 6, we draw the conclusions from the comparison of the results we obtain with each method. In the last chapter, we present the main conclusions of this work trying to point out possible developments. We close with two appendices in which we detail some questions raised in this work not directly linked to the problem of substructures detection.
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Naccarato, Kleber Pinheiro. « Estudo de relâmpagos no Brasil com base na análise de desempenho do sistema de localizacao de tempestades ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2000. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2002/03.28.19.09.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Os efeitos deletérios diretos e indiretos dos relâmpagos sobre os seres humanos têm motivado inúmeros e constantes estudos no Brasil e no mundo sobre suas características e sua relação com fatores geográficos, sazonais, topográficos e demográficos, visando assim minimizar seu impacto sobre um mundo em pleno avanço tecnológico. Os sistemas de localização de tempestades (SLT)sugiram então como um poderoso aliado a essas pesquisas. Compostos por uma rede de sensores que captam as radiações EM emitidas pelos relâmpagos e enviam essas informações a uma central de processamento, esses sistemas podem determinar com precisão a localização do evento e seus principais parâmetros físicos, abrangendo grandes extensões territoriais. Desta forma, o SLT possibilita desenvolver estados das características dos relâmpagos para regiões e períodos de interesse. 0 objetivo deste trabalho foi, primeiramente, avaliar o desempenho do SLT instalado na região sudeste do Brasil para estabelecer suas limitações como instrumento de medida e a influência de sua, configuração e de sua rede de detecção nos dados gerados. A partir daí com base nesses resultados, obteve-se os principais aspectos dos relâmpagos em função das condições geográficas e sazonais usando dados do verão e inverno de 1999 e 2000. Como principais resultados, obteve-se que o percentual de relâmpagos positivos registrados na região sudeste do Brasil foi significativamente maior no inverno (média de 23) que no verão (média de 5,7). Além disso, os relâmpagos negativos mostraram-se menos intensos que os relâmpagos positivos. Por outro lado, os relâmpagos negativos apresentaram uma intensidade de corrente de pico maior no verão (média de 36,9 kA)que no inverno (média de 29,9 kA), enquanto que um comportamento contrário pôde ser observado para os positivos (com médias de 50,5 kA no inverno e 46,9 kA no verão). Por fim, os relâmpagos negativos apresentaram uma maior multiplicidade (média de 1,7)em relação aos positivos (média de 1,05), não havendo variações sazonais significativas. Desenvolveu-se também um estudo preliminar sobre a ocorrência de relâmpagos em regiões densamente povoadas no verão dos anos de 2000 e 2001. Os resultados revelaram indícios de uma maior concentração de relâmpagos sobre grandes centros urbanos, como a Grande São Paulo, Grande Campinas e Vale do Paraíba. Acredita-se que estas alterações estejam associadas a eventuais alterações climáticas locais provocadas pelo crescimento populacional e industrial, responsáveis pela emissão de poluentes na atmosfera, urbanização e devastação da vegetação.The harmful lightning effects on the mankind have motivated several investigations on lightning characteristics in the world and, particularly, in Brazil. Many studies on the geographic, seasonal, topographic and demographic features of lightning have been done using lightning location systems (LLS). The LLS, which is located in the southeastern region of Brazil, is a complex measurement system composed by a network of sensors that detects the electromagnetic radiation of the discharges over a wide continental area and sends these informations to a central processing unit the location of the lightning strike point and the main physical parameters are then precisely calculated. These data play a significant role on the development of the lightning research in specific areas and periods. On the other hand, the LLS presents limitations that should be studied in order to assure more realistic results. The objective of this work is to develop a preliminary analysis of the LLS Performance and the influence of its configuration on the lightning data. A study of the lightning seasonal and geographic characteristics during summer and winter seasons of 1999 and 2000 are then performed based on this analysis. The main conclusions reveal that the percentage of positive flashes is significantly greater in winter (about 23) than in summer (about 5.7). The peak currents of negative lightning are less intense than the peak currents of positive flashes. Negative flashes tend to be more intense in summer with a mean peak current of 36.9 kA. The correspondent winter value is 29.9 kA. Positive lightning present an inverse behavior with a mean value of 46.9 kA in summer and 50.5 kA in winter. It was observed that single lightning (both positive and negative)were less intense than the first return stroke of multiple lightning. the negative lightning have a greater number of return strokes with a mean value of 1.74 while in positive lightning the mean multiplicity is 1.05. The multiplicity does not present a significant seasonal variation for both polarities. Also, a preliminary study of lightning occurrence over highly populated areas was developed during the summer seasons of 2000 and 2001. The results reveal that lightning tend to concentrate over large urban areas, as the metropolitan regions of São Paulo, Campinas and Vale do Paraíba. It is supposed that population growth and urbanization are responsible for this specific behavior due to the atmospheric pollution and deforestation which cause local meteorological changes.
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Dantas, Christine Córdula. « Investigações sobre as relações de escala dos sistemas estelares auto-gravitantes ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2001. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2002/03.28.19.14.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objetivamos neste trabalho reunir algumas investigações de ordem numérica e analítica sobre a origem das relações de escala dos sistemas estelares auto-gravitantes. Estas relações dependem de um número bastante pequeno de parâmetros físicos independentes, que reduzem e confinam os vínculos observacionais a um plano neste espaço de parâmetros, chamado de ""Meta-Plano Fundamental"" (MPF)(Burstein et al. 1997)dos sistemas estelares auto-gravitantes, e em particular, de ""Plano Fundamental"" (PF)(Djorgovski e Davis 1987), no caso exclusivo das galáxias elípticas. Do ponto de vista numérico, analisamos os parâmetros característicos dos objetos resultantes da relaxação gravitacional não-dissipativa de modelos representando protogaláxias, baseando-nos na hipótese de que as estruturas do Universo se formaram a partir de aglomerações hierárquicas. Para tal, analisamos colapsos de nuvens primordiais de estrelas e fusões de modelos de protogaláxias com uma e duas componentes. Esta investigação visa dar continuidade à pesquisa iniciada por Capelato, de Carvalho e Carlberg (1995)(daqui em diante, CdCC95), onde demonstrou-se que um esquema hierárquico de encontros não-dissipativos de modelos galácticos de uma componente seria capaz de reproduzir as correlações do PF. Nesta tese, procuramos ampliar e compreender em maior profundidade os resultados de CdCC95. Do ponto de vista analítico, procuramos isolar o efeito do halo escuro sobre as condições de equilíbrio da componente luminosa (ou bariônica). Investigamos se as propriedades físicas, observadas em projeção, de sistemas auto-gravitantes envoltos por um halo escuro poderiam ser unicamente descritas por uma formulação do teorema do virial que explicitamente toma em consideração o termo do potencial gravitacional que representa a interação do halo escuro com a componente bariônica. Comparamos as previsões resultantes desta ""hipótese do virial a duas componentes"" (2VT)com as relações de escala dos sistemas estelares auto-gravitantes em geral, encontrando um bom acordo, ao menos em primeira aproximação, com o MPF.We aim in this work to collect several numerical and analitical investigations concerning the origin of the scaling relations of the self-gravitating stellar systems. These relations depend on a very small number of independent physical parameters that reduce and confine the observational constraints to a plane in this parameter space, called the ""Fundamental Meta-Plane"" (MPF)(Burstein et al. 1997)of the self-gravitating stellar systems, and the ""Fundamental Plane"" (PF)(Djorgovski e Davis 1987), in the case of elliptical galaxies. We analysed the characteristic parameters of objects resulting from the non-dissipative gravitational relaxation of models representing protogalaxies, based on the hypothesis that the structures in the Universe were formed from hierarchical clusterings. We analysed collapses of primordial stellar clouds and mergers of protogalactic models with one and two components. This investigation aimed to give continuity to the research carried out by Capelato, de Carvalho e Carlberg (1995), where it was demonstrated that a dissipationless one-component merger scheme of galactic models was able to reproduce the PF. In this thesis, we tried to understand more deeply the results of CdCC95. We isolated the effect of the dark halo on the conditions of the luminous component. We investigated whether the physical properties of self-gravitating systems envolved by a dark halo could be solely described by a formulation of the virial theorem that explicitally takes into consideration the gravitational potential term that represents the inter-action of the dark halo with the luminous component. We compared the predictions resulting from this ""two-component virial hypothesis"" with the scaling relations of the self-gravitating stellar systems in general, and found a good agreement with the MPF.
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Pessôa, Marcus Vinicius Pereira. « Coevolução de agentes de estado finito ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 1999. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2002/03.28.19.30.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O escopo deste trabalho concentra-se no estudo de variações de implementações de algoritmos evolutivos, na solução de problemas que envolvam a coevolução de agentes, cujo comportamento corresponda a máquinas de estado finito. Os algoritmos genéticos são a base para o processo coevolutivo, abordando comportamentos cooperativos e competitivos, onde a cooperação ocorre dentro de um grupo específico de agentes e a competição acontece entre estes grupos. Para este estudo foram variadas tanto características dos algoritmos genéticos quanto do ambiente onde ocorrem as interações entre os agentes. Fatores como a representação e controle dos elementos da população operada pelo algorítmo genético, sua seleção e operação foram explorados, de forma a avaliar quais esquemas seriam mais convenientes para aplicação nesses tipos de problemas. Para a consecução deste trabalho, foi utilizado o sistema de simulação Swarm, desenvolvido pelo Santa Fe Institute - EUA, e que tem por finalidade permitir a implementação de sistemas que envolvam grupos de agentes.This work is concerned on the study of evolutionary algorithms, in the solution of problems involving coevolution of agents, whose behavior correspond to finite state machines. The genetic algorithms are the base for the coevolutive process, approaching cooperative and competitive behaviors. The cooperation happens inside of a specific group of agents and the competition happens among these groups. For this study were varied several genetic algorithms' characteristics and the ambient where the interactions among the agents happen. Factors as the representation and control of the population's elements operated by the genetic algorithm, its selection and operation were explored, in way to evaluate which outlines would be more convenient for application in those types of problems. For the attainment of this work, the Swarm simulation system, developed by Santa Fe Institute - USA, was used.
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Sugawara, Luciana Miura. « Avaliação de modelo agrometeorológico e imagens NOAA/AVHRR no acompanhamento e estimativa de produtividade de soja no Estado do Paraná ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2001. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2002/11.18.18.05.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um modelo para acompanhamento e estimativa da produtividade da cultura da soja (Glycine max L. Merril)em um sistema de informações geográficas (SIG), a partir de um modelo agrometeorológico pontual e imagens NOAA-AVHRR. A integração do modelo e da base de dados foi realizada através do aplicativo SPRING e os cálculos foram executados por meio do módulo de programação do SPRING, denominado LEGAL. A área de estudo foi o Estado do Paraná e as estimativas foram geradas, ao nível municipal, para os anos safra de 1996/97, 1997/98 e 1998/99. Mosaicos quinzenais de imagens NOAA-AVHRR, com resolução espacial de 8 x 8 km, transformados em imagens NDVI, foram utilizados como componente espectral no modelo agrometeorológico, visando estimar o índice de área foliar (IAF). O modelo desenvolvido utiliza parâmetros agronômicos e meteorológicos para cálculo da produtividade máxima ou potencial. Esta produtividade é então penalizada quando a demanda hídrica da cultura não é suprida adequadamente, gerando a produtividade real estimada. A análise da comparação desta estimativa com os valores de produtividade divulgados pela Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Paraná (SEAB), ao nível municipal, foi feita através do teste "t" para pares de observação, e o resultado para cada ano safra foi: a)em 1996/97 o modelo subestimou a produtividade em relação à estimativa da SEAB em 59kg/ha (t=-2,91; alfa<0,05); b)em 1997/98 a estimativa do modelo e da SEAB não apresentaram diferença significativa (t=1,46; alfa>0,05); e em 1998/99 o modelo superestimou a produtividade em 192kg/ha (t=7,59; alfa<0,05). Isso demonstra que o modelo foi bastante satisfatório na estimativa da produtividade de soja e requer apenas pequenos ajustes. Através do índice de penalização, gerado quinzenalmente pelo modelo, foi possível fazer o acompanhamento das condições de crescimento e desenvolvimento da cultura da soja, detectando-se deficiências hídricas relevantes ao longo da estação de crescimento em cada ano safra. O aplicativo SPRING e seu módulo LEGAL foram satisfatórios na integração do modelo e na realização dos cálculos de produtividade da soja. As imagens NOAA-AVHRR não se mostraram satisfatórias para estimar o IAF, de tal forma que se utilizou dados da literatura para estimar este parâmetro dentro do cálculo da produtividade.The objective of the present work was to develop a model to monitor and estimate soybean (Glycine max L. Merril)crop yield in a geographic information system (GIS)based on a punctual agrometeorological model and NOAA/AVHRR images. The integration of the model and the database was performed using the SPRING software and calculations were executed through the SPRING module denominated LEGAL. The study area is the Paraná State and estimates were generated at the municipality level, for the crop years of 1996/97, 1997/98 and 1998/99. Mosaics of 15 days NOAA/AVHRR images, with spatial resolution of 8 x 8km, transformed into NDVI images, were used as the spectral component of the agrometeorological model in order to estimate the leaf area index (LAI). The developed model uses agronomic and meteorological parameters to calculate maximum or potential yield. Whenever the crop water demand is not adequately supplied this yield is penalized and actual yield is estimated. Comparative analysis between the yield estimated by the model and the yield provided by the Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Paraná (SEAB), at the municipality level, was performed using the paired comparison t test and the results for each crop year were as follow: a)in 1996/97 the model underestimated the yield in relation to the SEAB estimate by 59 kg.ha$^{-1}$ (t=-2.91; a<0.05); in 1997/98 yield estimate of both model and SEAB were not significantly different from each other (t=1.46; a>0.05); and, in 1998/99 the model overestimated yield by 192 kg.ha$^{-1}$ (t=7.59; a<0.05). This demonstrates that the model estimated quite satisfactory the soybean yield and requires only minor adjustments. Through the penalization index, generated every 15 days, it was possible to monitor soybean crop grow and development conditions detecting relevant water deficits over the crop growing season in each year. The SPRING software and its LEGAL module performed satisfactory in both model integration and soybean yield calculations. The NOAA/AVHRR images did not performed satisfactory in the LAI estimation and, therefore, data from the literature were alternatively used to estimate this parameter in yield calculation.
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Curvo, Marcelo. « Modelagem aerodinâmica e controle estocástico adaptativo de aeronaves de alto desempenho por redes neurais artificiais e estimação de parâmetros ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2001. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2002/11.18.18.40.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nesta dissertação desenvolveu-se um procedimento para ser aplicado na solução de problemas de modelagem e controle estocástico adaptativo para aeronaves de alto desempenho. Neste procedimento, uma rede neural artificial (RNA)do tipo ""Functional Link Network"" (FLN)e um algoritmo de estimação de parâmetros do tipo ""Stochastic Filter Error Method"" são combinados e aplicados na solução do problema. O método utiliza a capacidade de representação da RNA para obter um modelo aerodinâmico não linear da aeronave, a partir de dados observados. No processo de modelagem as variáveis de estado e de controle da aeronave são utilizadas como entradas da rede, que é treinada, através de um estimador linear quadrático na forma recursiva de Kalman, para fornecer o modelo aerodinâmico da aeronave. As saídas da rede (coeficientes aerodinâmicos), por sua vez, são usadas em um processo de adaptação dos parâmetros (ganhos)do sistema de controle da aeronave. A estrutura da rede, número de neurônios da camada intermediária e a sua conectividade, é obtida através de uma heurística, que utiliza um algoritmo chamado ""Optimal Brain Surgeon"" (OBS)para eliminar os parâmetros menos significativos da rede, e assim obter uma estrutura que tenha boa capacidade de modelagem e de generalização. O método proposto, para a solução do problema de identificação dos parâmetros do sistema de controle (adaptação dos ganhos do controlador), utiliza uma técnica onde o problema de filtragem das variáveis de estado é desacoplado do problema estimação de parâmetros. Assim, o problema de adaptação do controle se transforma em dois problemas paralelos: um de filtragem de estado e outro identificação de parâmetros, com dimensões reduzidas (cada um)e menos suscetíveis à dificuldades numéricas. Essa técnica permite dispensar a filtragem das variáveis de estado, quando os valores medidos forem precisos o suficiente. A combinação de redes neurais e estimação de parâmetros, na solução do problema de controle, resulta em simplificação e aumento de robustez no processo. A simplificação se dá através do uso de uma RNA, no lugar de um banco de dados em forma de tabelas e de algoritmos de busca e interpolação. A robustez é resultado da utilização de uma RNA em esquema ""online"", como fonte de informação precisa a respeito dos coeficientes aerodinâmicos que são utilizados no processo de identificação dos parâmetros do controlador. O uso da RNA ""online"" confere as características de adaptação a essa técnica. A adaptação dos parâmetros é efetuada de forma contínua, eliminando-se a necessidade de esquemas complicados do tipo escalonamento de ganhos (""gain scheduling""). Resultados obtidos a partir de simulações, segundo condições representativas de manobras de uma aeronave de alto desempenho, confirmam a efetividade e a boa precisão do método desenvolvido.In this dissertation a method, where a Functional Link Network (FLN)and a parameter estimator based on a Stochastic Filter Error Method are combined and applied to the solution of modeling and stochastic adaptive control problem for a high performance aircraft, has been developed. The proposed method uses the network representation capabilities to model the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft, from observed data. In the aerodynamic modeling process the state and control variables of the aircraft are used as inputs to the network, which is trained using a linear quadratic estimator in the recursive Kalman form, to provide a nonlinear aerodynamic model. The network output (aerodynamic coefficients)are then used in a control parameter adaptation process for the aircraft. The network structure, number of neurons in the hidden layer and their connectivity, is determined through an heuristic which uses the Optimal Brain Surgeon (OBS)algorithm to eliminate the least significant parameters in order to arrive at a structure with good modeling capabilities, and good generalization ability. For the control identification problem, the proposed method uses a stochastic approach to obtain the control parameters estimates from the state variables filtering errors. Here, the state variable filtering and parameter estimation are treated as separated problems. This approach results into two problems of smaller dimensions (each one), and less susceptible to numerical difficulties. Also, by using this separation scheme, it is possible to avoid filtering some or all of the state variables, as long as they are provided with sufficient precision. The combination of an artificial neural network (ANN)and parameter estimation results in simplification and increased robustness to the proposed control problem. The simplification is attained through the use of an ANN in the place of a data bank, search routine, and an interpolation routine needed to obtain the aerodynamic coefficients from the data bank. The robustness is achieved through the use of an online ANN as a source of precise information about the aerodynamic data, to be used in the control parameter estimation problem. The online training of the ANN gives the adaptation characteristics to the presented method. The control is carried out in a continuous form, eliminating the need to adopt complicated gain scheduling schemes. The simulation results, obtained for most representative maneuver conditions of a high performance aircraft corroborate the good performance of the method.
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Travassos, Paulo Roberto Nascimento. « Um estudo de simulação do sistema brasileiro de coleta de dados baseado em satélites ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2001. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2002/11.18.18.44.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O Sistema Brasileiro de Coleta de Dados utilizado nas aplicações ambientais baseada em satélites é composto por plataformas de coleta de dados, pelos satélites retransmissores, pelas estações terrenas receptoras, e pelo Centro de Missão. Este trabalho realiza um estudo de simulação sobre este sistema, cobrindo principalmente as fases do ciclo de vida do modelo relacionadas com a definição de objetivos, a especificação de requisitos e a implementação de um protótipo básico de um simulador. O sistema é modelado na forma de uma rede de comunicação de dados que possui enlaces baseados em satélites, com o objetivo de se estudar o tráfego de mensagens entre seus nós, utilizando-se o simulador para a análise de sua configuração, de sua operação e de seu desempenho. O trabalho abrange aspectos teóricos, relativos à modelagem utilizando-se uma metodologia baseada em orientação a objetos, bem como aspectos práticos, relativos ao desenvolvimento do simulador e à utilização da linguagem de simulação MODSIM III na sua implementação.The Brazilian Satellite Based Data Collecting System comprises a network of data collecting platforms distributed over the country, various satellites, the receiving ground stations, and the Mission Control Center. This work carries out a comprehensive simulation study of this system, covering mainly the phases of objectives definition, requirements specification and implementation of a basic prototype of a simulator. The system is modeled as a data communication network with satellites based links, with the main objective of studying the traffic of messages between its nodes, based on the use of the simulator for system's configuration, operation and performance analysis. The work comprises theoretical aspects, related with its modeling based on an object-oriented approach, as well as practical ones, related with the development and the use of the simulator, implemented using the simulation language MODSIM III.
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Matteo, Katia Castro de. « Sistemas de informação para monitoramento da cultura da cana-de-acúcar ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 1998. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2003/01.08.10.36.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O gerenciamento e monitoramento da atividade canavieira utilizando um Sistema de Informação Geográfica através de consulta em banco de dados geográfico constitui a principal análise realizada neste trabalho. A integração entre mapa cadastral e dados de sensoriamento remoto foi estabelecida na tentativa de propor relações entre produtividade da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum)e a resposta espectral de imagens de satélite (índice de vegetação com diferença normalizada). A área de estudo abrange os canaviais da Usina Catanduva situada no estado de São Paulo.The management and monitoring of sugarcane activity using a Geographic Information System consulting a geographical database is the main analysis conducted in this work. The integration between cadastral map and remote sensing data was established in an attempt to propose relationship between sugarcane productivity (Saccharum officinarum)and spectral response of satellite images (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). The study area comprises sugarcane fields from the Catanduva Plant located in São Paulo State.
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Arai, Nanci Naomi. « Simulação numérica bidimensional de crescimento de ligas binárias utilizando processamento paralelo ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2001. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2003/01.15.09.31.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A solidificação direcionada de ligas semicondutoras é uma das técnicas mais utilizadas para a obtenção de substratos cristalinos de alta qualidade, constituindo um protótipo de estudo de fenômenos de transporte macroscópicos envolvendo o acoplamento das equações de conservação de massa, momento e energia. As propriedades cristalinas do material obtido dependem fundamentalmente da morfologia e estabilidade da interface sólido-líquido durante o crescimento. O método numérico proposto resolve essas equações de transporte através da discretização por volumes de controle com acompanhamento da interface, e permite operar com propriedades do material e condições de contorno variáveis, incorporando detalhes do diagrama de fases da liga. Foram realizadas simulações bidimensionais de crescimento de ligas binárias utilizando malha fixa, as quais demandam processamento de alto desempenho, devido às altas resoluções temporal e espacial envolvidas. Isso levou a utilizar uma máquina multiprocessada e um multicomputador composto por 2 microcomputadores ligados em rede executando programas compilados em High Performance Fortran (HPF).The directional solidification of semiconductor alloys is an usual technique for the attainment of a high quality crystalline substratum. This technique is a prototype for the study of macrocospic transport phenomena and involves the coupling of the conservation equations for mass, moment and energy. The crystalline properties of the alloy depend basically on the morphology and stability of the solid-liquid interface during growth. The proposed numerical method solves these transport equations by discretization in control volumes with tracking of the interface. It allows for materials with variable properties and boundary conditions, and to include details of the alloy phase diagram. Two-dimensional, fixed-mesh simulations of binary alloy growth have been carried out. Due to the high spatial and temporal resolutions, these simulations were run on a multiprocessed machine and on a multicomputer composed by a cluster of two microcomputers. The programs were compiled in High Performance Fortran (HPF).
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Katsurayama, Daniel Massaru. « Estudo sobre o efeito da utilização de padrões tabuleiros na produtividade do equipamento de cortes ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2001. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2003/01.16.09.05.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Padrões tabuleiro, também conhecidos como padrões 1-grupo, pertencem a uma classe especial de padrões 2-estágios guilhotinados que não necessitam de recortes. Eles podem ser produzidos girando-se a serra de 90 graus, após os cortes do primeiro estágio. As faixas obtidas no primeiro estágio são cortadas todas juntas no segundo estágio. Tais padrões demandam menos tempo de máquina e são de particular interesse em ambientes de grande demanda. Um aumento eventual de perda de material é compensado pelo ganho em produtividade da máquina. Uma formulação não linear para o problema de geração de padrões tabuleiros foi apresentada anteriormente na literatura. Também heurísticas para obtenção de tais padrões foram sugeridas. Apresenta-se aqui um método exato para se encontrar padrões tabuleiros que é baseado em um algoritmo enumerativo para obtenção das K-melhores soluções para o problema da mochila unidimensional. O uso deste algoritmo permite considerar restrições adicionais ao problema básico da mochila sem grande esforço computacional, uma faceta de particular interesse em ambientes de corte onde geralmente, os padrões de corte precisam obedecer a restrições adicionais como número limitado de itens que a máquina de corte pode manipular, restrição de manipulações de materiais, etc. Neste trabalho serão discutidos aspectos computacionais para a implementação deste algoritmo e a viabilidade de sua aplicação prática. Também foi desenvolvida uma função custo que pode ser utilizada no modelo de Gilmore e Gomory (1963, 1965), e que leva em consideração o custo associado à perda de material e ao tempo de corte da chapa. Morabito e Arenales (2000)sugeriram a utilização de uma função simples com a adição de um custo fixo no caso de padrões não tabuleiros. Testes computacionais foram realizados para comparar os resultados obtidos utilizando-se a função de custo fixo de Morabito e Arenales e a nova função proposta.Checkerboard patterns, also known as 1-group patterns, belong to a special class of 2-stage guillotine patterns that do not need recuts. They can be produced turning the saw in 90 degrees, after the first stage cuts. The strips obtained in the first stage are all cut together in the second stage. Such patterns demand less machine time, and are of particular interest in high demand settings. An eventual increase in loss of material is compensated by the higher productivity of the machine. A nonlinear formulation of the checkerboard pattern generation problem was presented previously in the literature. Also, heuristics for determining such patterns were suggested. We present here an exact method to determine such patterns, based on an enumerative algorithm for determining the K-best solutions of the unidimensional knapsack problem. The use of this algorithm allow us to consider additional constraints, to the basic knapsack problem, without much effort. This feature is of particular interest in cutting environments where, generally, the patterns must obey additional constraints, such as, limited number of different itens that a cutting machine may handle, material handling constraints, etc. In this work, we focus on some computational aspects of the implementation of this algorithm and the feasibility of its practical use. We also developed a cost function which can be used in the model of Gilmore and Gomory (1963, 1965), that takes into account the cost associated with the waste of material and the board cutting time. Morabito and Arenales (2000)suggested the use of a simple function with the addition of a fixed cost in the case of non-checkerboard patterns. Computational tests were performed to compare the results obtained using Morabito and Arenales fixed cost function and the new proposed function.
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Silva, Francisco de Assis Tavares Ferreira. « Rede morfológica não-supervisionada-RMNS ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 1998. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2003/01.16.09.15.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Este trabalho propõe um novo paradigma de Rede Neural Artificial (RNA): A Rede Morfológica Não-Supervisionada (RMNS), caracterizada por aprendizagem não-supervisionada. Este paradigma pertence a uma classe de redes invariantes a translação e está baseada na Morfologia Matemática (MM), e nos modelos de rede ART de Carpenter e Grossberg, e na rede de Kohonen. Em tempo de ativação, o operador de casamento é implementado utilizando os operadores elementares da MM. Este operador propicia detecção de padrões robusta em relação a ruídos aditivos ou subtrativos, e/ou pequenas rotações dos padrões a serem reconhecidos. No que concerne ao treinamento, a RMNS utiliza uma variação da regra de aprendizagem de Kohonen, e um sistema de reset inspirado no modelo ART proposto por Carpenter e Grossberg.This work proposes a new paradigm of Artificial Neural Net (RNA): The Unsupervised Morphologic Net (RMNS), characterized by unsupervised learning. This paradigm belongs to a class of translation invariant nets and it is based on of Mathematical Morphology (MM), Carpenter and Grossberg's ART, and Kohonen net models. At activation time, the template matching operator is implemented using translation invariant MM elementary operators. This operator propitiates a robust pattern detection with respect to addictive or subtractive noise, and/or for small rotations of the patterns to be recognized. In what it concerns to the training, the RMNS uses a Kohonen learning rule variation and a reset system inspired in the ART model proposed by Carpenter and Grossberg.
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Silva, Glauco Antonio Santos da. « Análise do comportamento de modelos dinâmicos com ruído caótico utilizando controle baseado em lógica nebulosa ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2001. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2003/01.16.09.24.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Este trabalho apresenta a lógica nebulosa aplicada ao controle de modelos de sistemas dinâmicos. 0 controle baseado em lógica nebulosa pode ser utilizado como uma alternativa bastante interessante aos controladores clássicos PI, uma vez que se aproximam mais da experiência humana. Foram utilizadas, para o controle nebuloso, três relações de implicação diferentes: Mamdani Min, Larsen e Takagi-Sugeno. Com isto, foi possível analisar diferentes estratégias de controle nebuloso e realizar comparações entre as mesmas com o objetivo de inferir qual oferece o melhor desempenho para cada modelo dinâmico. 0 controlador PI, por estar presente há muitos anos na indústria e apresentar um bom grau de confiabilidade, é utilizado como um padrão para validar os controladores nebulosos. Assim, o mínimo que se espera dos controladores nebulosos, no contexto deste trabalho, é um comportamento semelhante ao controlador PI. Foram introduzidas, ainda, perturbações nos modelos dinâmicos, as quais possibilitaram uma melhor avaliação do desempenho dos controladores nebulosos através da análise do comportamento dos modelos dinâmicos. Foram utilizadas duas perturbações, a primeira, é bem comportada do tipo rampa, que produz uma mudança de comportamento suave nos modelos. A segunda é um ruído caótico que, por apresentar características como não periodicidade e irregularidade, produz um comportamento mais brusco, dificultando ainda mais a ação dos controladores. A utilização do ruído caótico como uma ferramenta para análise do comportamento de modelos dinâmicos é uma contribuição importante deste trabalho. Como conclusão geral, o melhor desempenho, dentre os controladores nebulosos recaiu sobre o modelo de inferência Takagi-sugeno.This work presents an application of fuzzy control on dynamical system models. It has been observed that fuzzy controllers maybe used as a good alternative to the classical PI controller, once it incorporates human line behavior. Three implication relationships were used for the fuzzy controllers, namely, Mamdani Min, Larsen and Takagi-Sugeno. Performance comparisons were made aiming at achieving the best performance for each model used. The PI controller was used as a minimum standard, once it has been present in the industry for many years, giving acceptable performances and some degree of reliability. Two kinds of perturbations were introduced in the models to test the controllers: a ramp and chaotic perturbations. The first one is a monotonic, standard increase of an input parameter. The second one presents non-periodicity and irregularity in such a way to be quite rough to the controllers. The chaotic signal, as an analysis tool to dynamical systems, is an interesting contribution of this work. As a general conclusion it can be said the best performance, in this work, was achieved by the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy controller.
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Ferreira, Maurício Gonçalves Vieira. « Uma arquitetura flexível e dinâmica para objetos distribuídos aplicada ao software de controle de satélites ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2001. http://urlib.net/dpi.inpe.br/lise/2003/01.16.09.56.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), desde sua criação, tem concentrado esforços no desenvolvimento tecnológico-espacial. Na década de 80 foi criado o primeiro projeto que previa o lançamento de quatro satélites brasileiros dentro da Missão Espacial Completa Brasileira (MECB). Parte dessa meta já foi alcançada com o lançamento dos satélites SCD1 (Sistema de Coleta de Dados 1), em 1993, e SCD2 (Sistema de Coleta de Dados 2)em 1998. A complexidade inerente à qualquer missão espacial, aliada à evolução tecnológica empregada em cada novo satélite construído, propicia o desenvolvimento de aplicativos cada vez mais complexos, empregados no controle da missão. O avanço da eletrônica tem aprimorado o desenvolvimento de satélites, e o surgimento de novas tecnologias de desenvolvimento de software tem contribuído para a criação de aplicativos cada vez mais robustos e flexíveis. A tecnologia de distribuição pode ser um exemplo desta evolução tecnológica e pode contribuir de forma significativa na maneira de se projetar, desenvolver e manter sistemas de informações corporativas. Enfim, as mudanças tecnológicas surgidas no desenvolvimento de software podem ser agregadas aos novos aplicativos desenvolvidos para controle de satélites, portanto, sem nenhum demérito, o desenvolvimento de software, tem cada vez mais, assumido o papel de coadjuvante para a alavancagem da tecnologia espacial. Os aplicativos de solo e bordo utilizados no controle e monitoração de um satélite deverão ser flexíveis e robustos para se adaptar à evolução tecnológica desta área. Seguindo os rumos destas inovações tecnológicas, tanto na área espacial quanto na área de desenvolvimento de softwares, o presente trabalho de pesquisa propõe ""Uma arquitetura flexível e dinâmica para objetos distribuídos aplicada ao Software de Controle de Satélites.""The National Institute for Space Research (INPE)since its establishment has concentrated its efforts on the spacial technological development. The first project that would foresee the launching of four brazilian satellites under the Brasilian Total Spacial Mission, was created in the eighties. Part of that goal has already been achieved from the launching of the following satellites: Data Collecting System 1 (DCS 1), in 1993 and Data Collecting System 2 (DCS 2)in 1998. The complexity inherent in any spacial mission together with the technological development used in each new satellite manufacturing, favors the development of more and more complex applications used to control the mission. The electronics progress has improved satellites development as well as the new technologies of software development have contributed to create applications mode and more robust and flexible. The distribution technology may be a sample of this technological development and may contribute significantly towards projecting, developing and maintaining corporate information systems. Thus, the technological changes that have appeared in software development can be joined to the new applications developed to control satellites, so, the software development has more and more cooperated to the spacial technology improvement, the board and ground applications used to control and monitor a satellite must be flexible and robust to adapt themselves to this area technological development. According to the direction of these technological innovations, both in the spacial area and the software development one, this research job proposes ""A flexible and dynamic architecture to distributed objects applied to satellites control software.