Pour voir les autres types de publications sur ce sujet consultez le lien suivant : Loan-to-value ratio (LTVR).
Articles de revues sur le sujet « Loan-to-value ratio (LTVR) »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les 38 meilleurs articles de revues pour votre recherche sur le sujet « Loan-to-value ratio (LTVR) ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Parcourez les articles de revues sur diverses disciplines et organisez correctement votre bibliographie.
1
Borgersen, Trond-Arne. « Loan-to-value and the price-rent ratio ». Journal of European Real Estate Research 13, no 2 (23 avril 2020) : 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-12-2019-0053.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the relation between the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio and the price-rent (PR) ratio. The paper intends to relate the PR-ratio to housing return and the potential for a leverage gain in housing investments by considering the funding structure of housing investments. Design/methodology/approach Combining a PR-ratio approach with the housing return in the case of mortgage-financed housing, as presented by Borgersen and Greibrokk (2012), this paper relates LTV to the PR-ratio. Findings When formalising the relationship between leverage and housing return, as given by Muellbauer and Murphy (1997), the paper finds the effect of a higher LTV on the user cost of housing as the net effect of a higher borrowing cost and the associated leverage gain. The latter depends on the relationship between house price growth and the mortgage rate and, because the leverage gain has an ambiguous effect on the user cost of housing, the relation between the LTV-ratio and the PR-ratio is context-specific. Originality/value The paper aims to contribute to the literature on PR ratios in two ways. First, by explicitly including the LTV-ratio in the user cost of mortgage financed housing and, correspondingly, in the PR-ratio derived from the user cost. Second, by including the funding structure of housing investments the expression for the capital gain, which often is discussed in the PR-ratio literature, is related to the funding structure and includes both a price gain and a leverage gain.
2
Lim, Charvin, et Siwi Nugraheni. « Loan-to-Value Ratio and Housing Price Cycle : Empirical Evidence From Indonesia ». Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan : Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 18, no 2 (20 décembre 2017) : 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v18i2.4846.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The subprime mortgage crisis in 2007-2009 which led to a global recession has highlighted the importance of regulating credit for housing market. The urgency arises not only to manage non-performing ratio, but further to manage price in the housing market which is a potent source of financial imbalance. Loan-to-value (LTV) regulation is imposed in order to dampen the housing price cycle, preventing the occurrence of bubble issue. This study tries to capture the influence of LTV implementation on housing price and assesses its effectiveness in the national scope. Error correction model is used to portray the short and long-term dynamics of housing cycle with regard to policy, macroeconomic, and financial variables. We concluded that LTV is an effective policy to dampen the price cycle in the long run, but not in the short run. In the short run, housing price is closely determined by the macroeconomic factors. Furthermore, we found that the implementation of LTV has made housing price to become more persistent, suggesting a change in the market expectation structure and the behavior of housing price cycle.
3
Ranisavljević, Duško, et Miroljub Hadžić. « Realistic Evaluation of the Ratio : Loan-To-value – The Key to Minimising the Credit Risk ». Economic Themes 54, no 3 (1 septembre 2016) : 449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2016-0022.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractAs a rule, long-term bank loans entail solid security - a mortgage, regardless of their purpose. The mortgaged property has its specific market value during the loan approval period but during the repayment period, the value of the real estate varies. This is the reason why the initially specified indicator of the coverage of loans with the value of the mortgage - the LTV ratio changes, which in turn increases the risk of loan repayment. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the necessity of establishing adequate initial LTV ratios (together with other important ratios). This would help nullify the risk of any variations in real estate prices, the loan currency risk, the interest rate risk, as well as the risk of an increase in bank's claims because of a long foreclosure process. The paper analyses effects of changes in LTV ratios caused by varying circumstances using the case study method. The comparative method analyses the changing trends of data on the LTV ratios for the already approved loans over a seven-year period by comparing the flow of the loan capital sum with the real value of the mortgage for three types of loans. The conclusion reached is that commercial banks should establish the initial LTV ratio for various long-term loan products and thus prevent its rise. Banks should do this by taking into account all the factors that cause the ratio’s increase, and thus give preference to the reduction of the credit risk and not the attractiveness and accessibility of loan products.
4
Pirgaip, Burak, et Ali Hepsen. « Loan-to-value policy : evidence from Turkish dual banking system ». International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 11, no 4 (12 novembre 2018) : 631–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-08-2017-0208.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose This paper aims to answer how effective the loan-to-value (LTV) regulation has been since 2011 for conventional and Islamic (participation) banks in Turkey in terms of curbing mortgage loan growth and delinquency[1]. Design/methodology/approach The authors first use unit root tests and tests of difference in loan and property price data in pre-LTV and post-LTV period. Second, the authors follow Chow test and ordinary least squares regression analyses to test for a structural break when sensitivity of mortgage loan and delinquency growth changes to property price changes considered. Findings The authors find that two periods are statistically different, while the significance level is lower for Islamic banks. Moreover, loan growth has become less responsive to property price increases; delinquency sensitivity to property price changes has significantly increased in the post-LTV period for conventional banks, while this is not the case for Islamic (participation) banks. Originality/value This paper not only increases empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of LTV ratio policy but also fills the gap in the literature by providing a comparison between conventional banks and Islamic (participation) banks.
5
Schindler, Yannick, et Judy Laux. « Mortgage Meltdown : Default Sensitivity To Declining Home Values And Loan-To-Value Ratios ». Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 28, no 6 (25 octobre 2012) : 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i6.7331.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; text-align: justify; mso-pagination: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The current study investigates the recent mortgage crisis to determine whether deteriorating aggregate loan-to-value (LTV) ratios resulted in more acute default responses to depreciating home prices.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We find evidence that default rates did not behave erratically or disproportionately to falling housing values during the subprime crisis, but we found some proof that the aggregate LTV ratio was associated with increased foreclosure rate volatility.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>
6
Riduwan, Riduwan, et Rofiul Wahyudi. « Contribution of macroprudensial policy of central bank on microprudensial Islamic banking ». INFERENSI : Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 11, no 2 (26 mars 2018) : 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v11i2.291-308.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this research will be to answer the contribution of the macroprudential policy of Central Bank to the microprudential of islamic banking during the period of January 2008 - February 2016. The method used by quantitative analysis with panel data regression to be able to describe macroprudential policy contribution to FDR of islamic banking in Indonesia. Macroprudential policy instruments use Loan-to-Value Ratio (LTR), Statutory Reserves (GWM) based on Loan-to-Funding Ratio (LFR) and Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCB). The islamic bankingmicroprudential instrument used is Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR). The result shows that macroprudential policy contribution through LTV instrument to FDR has negative and significant influence. Statutory Reserves based on LFR on FDR have a positive and significant influence and CCB on FDR of Indonesia’s islamic banking shows negative and significant influence.
7
Zhang, Hui, Wenyu Meng, Xiaojie Wang et Jianwei Zhang. « Application of BSDE in Standard Inventory Financing Loan ». Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2017 (2017) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1031247.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper examines the issue of loans obtained by the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from banks through the mortgage inventory of goods. And the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio which affects the loan business is a very critical factor. In this paper, we provide a general framework to determine a bank’s optimal loan-to-value (LTV) ratio when we consider the collateral value in the financial market with Knightian uncertainty. We assume that the short-term prices of the collateral follow a geometric Brownian motion. We use a set of equivalent martingale measures to build the models about a bank’s maximum and minimum levels of risk tolerance in an environment with Knightian uncertainty. The models about the LTV ratios are established with the bank’s maximum and minimum risk preferences. Applying backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs), we get the explicit solutions of the models. Applying the explicit solutions, we can obtain an interval solution for the optimal LTV ratio. Our numerical analysis shows that the LTV ratio in the Knightian uncertainty-neutral environment belongs to the interval solutions derived from the models.
8
Prima, Ghaniy Ridha, Hermanto Siregar et Ferry Syarifuddin. « ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH KEBIJAKAN LOAN TO VALUE ». Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB) Fakultas Ekonomi UNIAT 4, no 1 (27 février 2019) : 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36226/jrmb.v4i1.243.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence of the effects of the Loan to Value (LTV) policy on the financial performance of property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sample selection uses a purposive sampling method of 42 property and real estate companies that meet the criteria. The research period is divided into 2 namely before the Loan to Value policy (2013-2014) and after the Loan to Value policy (2016-2017) with the Paired Sample t Test analysis technique. The test results show if the current ratio, Return on Asset, Return on Equity and Debt to Asset have significant differences between before and after the LTV policy is applied. While the fast ratio, cash ratio, net profit margin and Debt to Equity did not show a significant difference.
Keywords: Financial Performance, Loan to Value, Property and Real Estate, Profitability Ratio, Liquidity Ratio, Solvability Ratio.
9
Pisarska, Aleksandra, et Natalia Wasilewska. « The loan-to-value ratio as a macroprudential tool and assessment of real estate in the post-crisis period ». Economic Annals-ХХI 185, no 9-10 (21 novembre 2020) : 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v185-12.
Texte intégralRésumé :
For more than a decade, banking systems of many countries around the world have been trying to recover from the effects of the global financial crisis. The dynamics of one of the most important indicators of the effective operation of the banking sector - the level of fulfilment of loan obligations by the debtor - is analysed in the present paper. A nonperforming loan ratio (NPL) more than doubled in the EU in the period from 2008 until 2012, and the value of this indicator increased more than 20 times in the period from 2008 until 2017 in Ukraine. Many countries worldwide have focused on activities that aim at minimizing the risks associated with lending. The experience of more than 4,000 banks in 46 countries shows that one of the most effective macroprudential tools used by European central banks for mortgage loans is the loan-to-value ratio (LTV). According to research, central banks have recommended lowering the level of LTV. Thus, in Poland, the loan-to-value ratio used to be 100% and even higher, but from 2017 the maximum level should not exceed 80%. In China, the LTV level has dropped to 40% for the secondary real estate market. In Germany, the maximum loan-to-value ratio is 80%, and mortgages with LTV of less than 60% are financed at more favourable conditions by banks. Using macroprudential policy has made it possible to stabilize the situation in the banking system, therefore in 2020 the average level of non-performing loans in the EU decreased to 2.8%. In Poland, the level of NPL is slightly higher and is 6.2%, however in Ukraine the figure remains high and reaches 41%. This study aims to identify the dependence between the adequacy of fulfilment of the collateral and the debtor’s loan obligations, which is extremely important in order to stabilize and increase the liquidity and profitability of banking institutions. The obtained results are based on the assessment of 200 loan cases for which the execution time has come.
10
Singh, Amrik. « Predicting the Likelihood of Lodging CMBS Loan Default ». Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 60, no 1 (29 mai 2018) : 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938965518777222.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study investigates whether the traditional underwriting loan metrics, loan-to-value (LTV), debt coverage ratio (DSCR), and debt yield (DY) ratio, can predict lodging commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) loan defaults. Using a data set of 5,266 fixed-rate lodging whole loans that were securitized into CMBS between 1996 and 2015, the results of the study provide evidence of significant relationships between all three metrics and the likelihood of default. The LTV varies positively with default, while the DSCR and DY are negatively related to default. These results hold for a subsample analysis of loans originated prior to the global financial crisis (GFC). Finally, the results show the DY spreads to be adequate proxies for the DY ratio.
11
Qudraty, Meutia, et Suriani Suriani. « EFEKTIFITAS KEBIJAKAN MAKROPRUDENSIAL PERBANKAN DAN PENYALURAN KREDIT DI ACEH ». JURNAL PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI DARUSSALAM 2, no 1 (17 mars 2017) : 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jped.v2i1.6651.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of the research is to analyze macroprudensial policy set by Bank Indonesia through an instrument Loan to Value (LTV), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) against credit commercial banks in Aceh Province as GDP as controller variable. This research use statistic descriptive model as means of the analysis where data used the total LTV, total LDR, the total credits and the total Non Performing Loans and GDP of Aceh in quarterly since 2011 until 2014. The result showed that policy instruments macroprudensia set by the central bank influence total credit commercial banks in Aceh Province, so it can reduce the risk of Non Performing Loan (NPL). Hence, expected Bank Indonesia must consider and evaluate this situasion has given makroprudensial which give impact greater against credit in Aceh Province. To Further Research, suggested to add CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio) and Reserve Requirement (GWM) as variable that might affect performance commercial banks in Aceh ProvincePenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektifitas kebijakan makroprudensial yang ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia (BI) yaitu melalui instrumen Loan to Value (LTV), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) terhadap penyaluran kredit bank umum di Aceh dengan PDRB Aceh sebagai variabel pengontrol. Penelitian ini menggunakan model statistik deskriptif sebagai alat analisisnya dimana data yang digunakan yaitu total LTV, total LDR, total kredit, total NPL dan PDRB Aceh dalam kuartalan sejak tahun 2011 hingga 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, instrumen kebijakan makroprudensial yang ditetapkan oleh BI memengaruhi total penyaluran kredit bank umum di Aceh sehingga bank umum di Aceh sehingga dapat mengurangi risiko kredit bermasalah (Non Performing Loan). Namun, Bank Indonesia harus memperhatikan dan mengevaluasi keadaan tersebut dengan melihat instrumen makroprudensial yang mana memberikan pengaruh paling besar terhadap penyaluran kredit di Provinsi Aceh. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, disarankan untuk menambahkan CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio) dan GWM (Giro Wajib Minimum) sebagai variabel-variabel yang dapat memengaruhi kinerja bank-bank umum di Aceh.
12
Campos, Maria Febriyati. « Efektifitas kebijakan makroprudensial dan suku bunga SBI terhadap risiko kredit perbankan di Indonesia ». Management and Business Review 3, no 1 (28 juin 2019) : 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/mbr.v3i1.4733.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Penelitian bertujuan untuk menilai keefektifan dari kebijakan makroprudensial yaitu Capital Buffer dan GWM Loan to Funding Ratio serta faktor makroekonomi yang diukur dengan suku bunga SBI terhadap risiko kredit perbankan di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian perusahaan perbankan yang go public, dengan periode penelitian tahun 2012-2016. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksplanatory research yaitu menganalisis efektifitas variabel Capital Buffer, GWM Loan to Funding Ratio dan suku bunga SBI terhadap risiko kredit perbankan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, teknik analisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Capital Buffer, GWM Loan to Funding Ratio dan suku bunga SBI secara efektif berpengaruh terhadap risiko kredit. Penelitian ini hanya menggunakan periode lima tahun, untuk penelitian selanjutnya hendaknya menambah periode penelitian, dan dapat menambahkan variabel loan to value (LTV)
13
Singh, Amrik. « Determinants of credit spreads in hotel CMBS loans ». International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no 1 (14 janvier 2019) : 370–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-06-2017-0327.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose This study aims to investigate the determinants of credit spreads in hotel loans securitized into commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) between 2010 and 2015. Design/methodology/approach The sample represents 1,579 US hotel fixed interest rate whole loans with an aggregate mortgage value of $26.6bn at loan origination. The relationship between credit spreads and property, loan and market characteristic is examined via multiple regression analysis. Additionally, the method of 2-stage least squares is used to control for endogeneity bias and identify the effect of the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio on credit spreads. Findings The multiple regression models explain 80 per cent of the variation in credit spreads and show a significant association of credit spreads with hotel and loan characteristics and market conditions. The findings indicate the debt coverage ratio to be the most important predictor of credit spreads followed by the loan maturity term, implied capitalization rate, LTV and yield curve. The results show the debt yield premium to be a stronger predictor of credit spreads than the debt yield ratio. The spread between the debt yield ratio and mortgage interest rate could be used in future research as an instrumental variable to identify the effect of the LTV on credit spreads. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to the CMBS market and the period after the financial crisis. Additional limitations include sample selection bias, exclusion of multi-property loans and variable interest rate loans. Practical implications Interest rate increases in an expanding economy would likely increase the cost of borrowing for hotel owners leading to higher debt service payments and lower profitability. If an increase in interest rates is offset by a decline in credit spreads, hotel owners will still benefit from the ensuing stability in borrowing interest rates. The evidence also suggests that CMBS lenders favor select service and extended stay hotels. Owners and operators of these efficient and profitable hotels will likely obtain loans with lower credit spreads given their lower risk of default. Originality/value The current study provides evidence on the effects of loan and property characteristics in the pricing of loan risk and serves to inform CMBS market participants about the factors that drive credit spreads in hotel mortgage loans.
14
Borgersen, Trond Arne. « The optimal LTV-ratio, mortgage market variability and monetary policy regimes ». Journal of Financial Economic Policy 9, no 02 (2 mai 2017) : 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-06-2016-0044.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, it derives the optimal loan-to-value (LTV)-ratio for a mortgagor that maximizes the return to home equity when considering the capital structure of housing investment. Second, it analyses the demand-side contribution to mortgage market variability across monetary policy regimes. Design/methodology/approach The paper endogenizes both the relation between the LTV ratio and the mortgage rate and the relation between LTV and the rate of appreciation. When we consider LTV-variance and the demand-side contribution to mortgage market variability, three stylized regimes is considered. Findings The paper finds an intuitive ranking of the optimal LTV-ratios across regimes, and the optimal LTV-ratio peaks during a housing boom. When, however, monetary policy ignores asset inflation the demand-side contribution to market variability is highest during normal market conditions. Hence, there is a potentially hump-shaped relation between the risk exposure of individual mortgagors and the demand-side contribution to mortgage market variability. Originality/value The paper finds a potentially hump-shaped relation between the risk exposure of individual mortgagors and the demand-side contribution to mortgage market variability, which, to the best of our knowledge, is novel. The paper shows how macro-prudential and monetary policy are complementary tolls for preserving financial stability.
15
Florêncio, Lutemberg, et Claudio Tavares de Alencar. « Protected Collateral Value : An Approach to Valuation of Commercial Properties for Loan Guarantees ». Real Estate Management and Valuation 28, no 3 (1 septembre 2020) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/remav-2020-0019.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThe valuation of commercial properties for the guarantee of loans is extremely relevant for financial institutions, since it directly impacts the calculation of the loan to value ratio (LTV). However, despite the vast literature on the subject, the choice of methodological basis and the definition of the type of value to be employed are not pacified issues among researchers and practitioners. In this sense, the main objective of this paper is to present a methodological approach, as well as a suggestion of the type of value for the valuation of commercial properties bound collateral.The main methods and types of values related to the valuation of bound collateral commercial properties are presented below. Next, we propose a refinement of the income method, based on the concept of the value of the investment opportunity and under the principle of value at risk. Finally, we promote a case study with data from the Brazilian market to illustrate the application of the proposed approach.Based on the case study, it was evidenced that the valuation approach proposed in this paper, anchored in the potential of the income generation of the property, reduces the risk of exposure to banks’ credit.
16
Kim, Donát. « Debt cap regulations in mortgage lending ». Economy & ; finance 8, no 2 (2021) : 110–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33908/ef.2021.2.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper I study debt cap regulations in retail mortgage lending in Hungary introduced by the National Bank of Hungary. I believe the introduction of debt cap regulations was justified, but the toolkit applied should be reviewed. After studying international examples and reviewing the literature, I have concluded that LTV (loan-to-value) regulation correspond to European practice and researchers’ findings. While the introduction of LTI (loan-to-income) ratio should be considered to replace PTI (payment-to-income) ratio, as it is more stable in time and there is no incentive to switch between the increase of risk factors and the increase of the maximum amount regulated by law by PTI regulation.
17
Dana, Badara Shofi. « Evaluation Of Macroprudential Policy On Credit Growth In Indonesia : Credit Registry Data Approach ». ETIKONOMI 17, no 2 (10 août 2018) : 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/etk.v17i2.7324.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Macro-prudential policies have an essential role in mitigating the imbalances in the financial sector that stem from procyclical credit growth. This study aims to evaluate macro-prudential policy in mitigating risk on procyclical credit growth with a registry data approach. Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) analysis method is used to evaluate macro-prudential policy in influencing credit growth. The results show LTV instruments can reduce credit growth but not to procyclical mitigation. Dissimilar results in the implementation of CCB and GWM + LDR instruments are capable of procyclical credit mitigation. Policies that can be done by the central bank are the establishment of an early warning system in macro-prudential policy as well as strengthening of Countercyclical Buffer (CCB), Loan to Value (LTV) instruments and Minimum Reserve Requirement + Loan Funding Ratio (GWM + LFR) in capturing systemic risks from various sources which further strengthens the assessment and surveillance.DOI:10.15408/etk.v17i2.7324
18
Gareis, Johannes, et Eric Mayer. « Heterogeneous Mortgage Markets : Implications for Business Cycles and Welfare in the EMU ». German Economic Review 18, no 2 (1 mai 2017) : 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geer.12087.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This paper evaluates business cycle effects of asymmetric cross-country mortgage market developments in a monetary union. By employing a two-country New Keynesian DSGE model with collateral constraints tied to housing values, we show that a change in institutional characteristics of mortgage markets, such as the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio, is an important driver of asymmetric developments in housing markets and economic activity. Our analysis suggests that the home country where credit standards are lax booms, while the rest of European Monetary Union faces a negative output gap. Overall welfare is lower if LTV ratios are higher.
19
Ma, Seung Ryul. « Evaluating Borrower's Net Yield in Long-Term Fixed Rate Mortgage Loans in Korea ». International Review of Financial Consumers 4, No. 1 Apr 2019 (1 avril 2019) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36544/irfc.2019.1-1.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Korean government has tried to change the structure of residential mortgages in Korea from the short-term variable-rate non-amorting loans to the long-term fixed-rate amorting loans since the early 2000’s. This study examines he borrower’s net yield from that new type of loans, which is defined as the difference between the lender’s yield out of the borrower’s repayment and the borrower’s yield from the expected gain on the portion of housing equity funded by cosnumer. The main hypothesis tested is that the borrower’s net yield will be affected by the time of loan origination and the level of mortgage interest rate charged because the future fluctuations of housing values and that of market interest rates are expected to be key determinants. The results confirm the hypothesis in that borrower’s net yields show positive or negative values according to the time of loan start, the level of fixed loan rates, or home regions. The results documented can offer a useful information as to the financial consumers’decision on loan amount and the timing of loan application considering the housing and mortgage market condition, which in turn can provide policy implication to regulating the maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio regulations.
20
Harmanta, Harmanta, Nur M. Adhi Purwanto et Fajar Oktiyanto Oktiyanto. « INTERNALISASI SEKTOR PERBANKAN DALAM MODEL DSGE ». Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 17, no 1 (22 décembre 2014) : 23–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v17i1.43.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We build DSGE model for small open economy with financial friction in the form of collateral constrain on banking sector, designed for Indonesian economy. The constructed model is capable to simulate the monetary policy (Bank Indonesia rate) and macroprudential policy (reserve requirement, capital adequacy ratio – CAR, and loan to value – LTV). By internalizing banking sector into the model, this model also enable us to simulate the impact of any shock originated from banking sector. Keywords: monetary policy, DSGE with banking sector, macroprudential policy JEL Classification: E32, E44, E52, E58
21
KARMINSKII, Aleksandr M., et Ol'ga D. KHON. « Collateral sufficiency as an adapt financial covenant in bank crediting ». Digest Finance 26, no 1 (30 mars 2021) : 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/df.26.1.83.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Subject. The article examines the Loan-to-Value ratio in three dimensions. First, as a measure of leverage, helpful to understand the spread of systemic risk in the economy. Second, we identify LTV throughout financial covenants. Finally, we implement LTV to indicate the probability of default. Objectives. The goal of the paper is to study the impact of collateral sufficiency on credit risk throughout adjusted financial covenants for bank corporate loans. Methods. To conduct the research, the authors implement econometric methods, linear regressions and binary models. Results. We have revealed the prevalence of the posterior theory of the impact of the collateral sufficiency on the credit risk evaluation by corporate loans. We have also revealed that the higher credit risks, the higher collateral requirements to pledge the loans. Conclusions and Relevance. We have considered a new approach to identify collateral requirements, throughout LTV measures, as adjusted financial covenants on the Russian market. Lender’s preferences are being stronger at the time of downturns in economic activity. At the same time, economic growth neutralizes any visible behavioral favors/patterns. Hereby psychological risk components are quite essential, and need studying in modern banking.
22
Wahyuni, Nurul Dwi, et Puji Sucia Sukmaningrum. « ANALISIS ABNORMAL RETURN DAN TRADING VOLUME ACTIVITY SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENGUMUMAN PBI NOMOR 18/16/PBI/2016 TENTANG PELONGGARAN RASIO LOAN TO VALUE (LTV) KPR ». Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 5, no 9 (19 juin 2019) : 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol5iss20189pp713-727.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this study is to analyze the reaction of investors before and after the announcement of PBI number 18/16/PBI/2016 using indicator of abnormal return and trading volume activity. Period of this study is 60 days of estimation period, 10 days before and 10 days after the event. The sample used in this study was 35 company sectors property and real estate listed in Indonesia Sharia Stock Index (ISSI). Analysis technique used is paired sample t-test forabnormal return and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for trading volume activity. The results showed that there are insignificant differences for average abnormal return before and after event. This means in efficient market will difficult to get abnormal return. The results showed that there are significant differences for average trading volume activity before and after event. This means that investors assume the event has good information so that there is a positive market reaction.
23
Rubio, Margarita. « MONETARY AND MACROPRUDENTIAL POLICIES UNDER FIXED AND VARIABLE INTEREST RATES ». Macroeconomic Dynamics 23, no 3 (22 juin 2017) : 1024–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136510051700013x.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper, I analyze the ability of monetary policy to stabilize both the macroeconomy and financial markets under two different scenarios: fixed- and variable-rate mortgages. I develop and solve a new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model (DSGE) that features a housing market and a group of constrained individuals who need housing collateral to obtain loans. A given share of constrained households borrows at a variable rate, whereas the rest borrow at a fixed rate. I consider two alternative ways of introducing a macroprudential approach to enhancing financial stability: one in which monetary policy, using the interest rate as an instrument, responds to credit growth; and a second one in which the macroprudential instrument is instead the loan-to-value ratio (LTV). The results show that when rates are variable, a countercyclical LTV rule performs better in stabilizing financial markets than monetary policy. However, when rates are fixed, even though monetary policy is less effective in stabilizing the macroeconomy, it does a good job in promoting financial stability.
24
Valentina Mey Cristie et Sri Ayem. « Penentu Tingkat Penyaluran Kredit Pemilikkan Rumah Bank Umum Konvensional ». Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains 2, no 3 (21 mars 2021) : 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jiss.v2i3.221.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan rasio loan to value, Non Performing Loan, dana pihak ketiga, inflansi, dan suku bunga terhadap tingat penyaluran kredit pemilikan rumah Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini. Populasi dalam penelitian merupakan Populasi dalam penelitian merupakan Bank Umum Konvesional di Indonesia. Sampel 36 pengamatan (12 Perusahaan x 3 tahun pengamatan). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dari laporan keuangan tahunan perbankan di www.idx.co.id pada tahun 2017 sampai dengan 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LTV, inflansi, dan suku bunga memiliki dampak dengan arah negatif pada penyaluran kredit pemilikkan rumah pada Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia. Dana pihak ketiga memiliki dampak dengan arah positif pada penyaluran kredit pemilikkan rumah pada Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia, sedangkan NPL tidak berdampak pada terhadap penyaluran kredit pemilikkan rumah pada Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan yaitu data yang diperoleh adanya bank yang tidak mempublikasikan laporan keuangan selama periode penelitian serta banyaknya bank yang tidak memaparkan nominal penyaluran kredit pemilikkan rumah serta tidak menjelaskan suku bunga KPR yang diberikan.
25
Yıldırım, Mustafa Ozan, et Mehmet İvrendi. « Turkish Housing Market Dynamics : An Estimated DSGE Model ». Margin : The Journal of Applied Economic Research 15, no 2 (mai 2021) : 238–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801021990396.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this article, we investigate the underlying driving dynamics behind house price variations in Turkey by estimating a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model in which the housing market and collateral constraints are included. The model also analyses the interaction between macroeconomic variables and the housing market by making policy simulations under different loan-to-value (LTV) ratios, which are used as a housing market-specific economic policy tool. The model is extended by including the traditional Taylor rule with house prices for representing monetary policy. Our findings show that house prices in Turkey are largely explained by housing preference shocks. Besides, we find that monetary policy shock plays a small role in determining the variables of the housing market in the short-term period. However, the magnitude of the impact of housing market shocks on the rest of the economy depends on the LTV ratios. The higher the LTV ratio, the higher are the effects of the government’s housing policy instrument for stabilising the housing market on real macroeconomic variables such as consumption and output in Turkey. Finally, our findings show that the fluctuations in house prices have not played a substantial role in the monetary policy reaction function of Turkey. JEL Codes: E32, E52, E44, E51, R31
26
Karmelavičius, Jaunius. « Risky Mortgages and Macroprudential Policy : A Calibrated DSGE Model for Lithuania ». Ekonomika 100, no 2 (6 septembre 2021) : 6–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2021.100.2.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Following the financial crisis of 2009 there was an emergence of macroprudential policy tools, as well as a need to model the macroeconomy and the financial sector in a coherent framework. This paper develops and calibrates a small open economy DSGE model for Lithuania to shed some light on the interactions between the macroeconomy and the banking sector, regulated by macroprudential policy. The model features housing market, and endogenous credit risk a la de Walque et al. (2010), whereby the household can default on mortgage repayments, what leads to housing collateral seizure. Foreign-owned banks, that are subject to risk-sensitive macroprudential capital requirements, take into account not only the mortgage default rate but also the cap on loan to value (LTV) ratio when making lending decisions. Using this mechanism, we show that while a more stringent LTV constraint reduced credit demand, it can also lead to an expansion in credit supply via lower credit risk. Therefore, a tightening of LTV requirement should result in only a slight reduction in mortgage lending, coupled with lower interest rate margins. The article compares the impact of the tightening of three macroprudential tools, namely, bank capital requirements, mortgage risk weights and LTV limit. We find that broad-based capital requirements, such as the counter-cyclical capital buffer, are less efficient in leaning against the housing credit cycle, because of a relatively large cost incurred on the firm sector.
27
Pan, Haifeng, et Dingsheng Zhang. « Coordination Effects and Optimal Policy Choices of Macroprudential Policy and Monetary Policy ». Complexity 2020 (14 décembre 2020) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9798063.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Considering three monetary policy rules, together with two endogenous macroprudential policies that are credit constraints (loan to value, LTV) for households and counter-cyclical capital (capital requirement ratio, CRR) for bankers, this paper establishes a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. Based on the welfare analysis of different combinations of macroprudential rules and monetary policy rules, this paper identifies the optimal policy combinations and analyzes the coordination effects between macroprudential policies and monetary policies. The results show that no matter what kind of monetary policy rules is implemented, the introduction of macroprudential rules has improved the level of total social welfare. In the optimal “two pillars” framework of monetary policies and macroprudential rules, the main objective of monetary policy is to stabilize price inflation, and the macroprudential policy to be implemented is the CRR macroprudential policy. This combination can effectively promote the stability of the real estate market, financial market, and macroeconomy, while maximizing the improvement of total social welfare.
28
Park, Soojin, et Man Cho. « Welfare Implications of Credit Rationing for Financial Consumers : An Empirical Investigation on the Case of the Korean Residential Mortgage Sector ». International Review of Financial Consumers 5, No. 1 Apr 2020 (1 juillet 2020) : 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36544/irfc.2020.5-1.2.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Credit rationing through borrowing constraints has long been an important research topic in the literature, in the context of managing financial risks (i.e., financial stability) as well as of expanding financial service to more marginal borrower segments (i.e., financial inclusion). This study empirically investigates the role of borrowing constraints in the residential mortgage lending sector in Korea, by utilizing a discrete tenure choice model to test the constraining effects of two particular lending restrictions on households’ home owning decisions - the wealth and income constraints as measured by the maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio and that of debt-to-income (DTI) ratio. Using the household-level micro data from Korea, we report that: the lending restrictions exhibit negative effects on the propensity to own; those constraining effects are also shown to increase for younger borrower cohorts; and, the magnitude of the effect of wealth constraint is larger than that of the income constraint, which is consistent with the findings from the prior studies. Using the empirical findings, we discuss policy implications of relevancy, in particular, as to how to balance between two often competing policy objectives - ensuring financial stability and extending financial inclusion - in the context of the residential mortgage lending sector in Korea.
29
Hwang, Sungjoo, Moonseo Park, Hyun-Soo Lee, Yousang Yoon et Bo-Sik Son. « KOREA N REAL ESTATE MARKET AND BOOSTING POLICIES : FOCUSING ON MORTGAGE LOANS ». International Journal of Strategic Property Management 14, no 2 (30 juin 2010) : 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2010.12.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Korean real estate market is currently slowing down due to the global economic crisis, which resulted from subprime mortgage crisis in the United States. In response, the Korean government has adopted various policies in an attempt to deregulate real estate speculation. For example, the Loan to value ratio (LTV) has been increased in order to stimulate housing supply, demand, and housing transactions. However, these policies could potentially result in a mortgage crisis due to an increase in over‐amplified and high‐risk derivatives in Korea's secondary mortgage market. Consequently, the housing market could fall into such deep confusion that it will be even more difficult to perform empirically based housing market forecasting. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic method is required to analyze the real estate financial market and the causal relationships between market influence factors. With an integrated perspective and an application of a system dynamics methodology, this paper proposes Korean Real Estate and Mortgage Market dynamics models based on the fundamental principles and causal loops of housing markets, which are determined by the economic activities of consumers, financial agencies, and real estate financing investors. The potential effects of the Korean government's deregulation policies are also considered by focusing on the main factor of these policies: the mortgage loan. Santruka Korejos nekilnojamojo turto rinka šiuo metu išgyvena nuosmuki del pasaulines ekonomines krizes, kuri kilo del JAV būsto paskolu rinkos krizes. Reaguodama i tai, Korejos Vyriausybe emesi ivairiu politikos priemoniu, siekdama užkirsti kelia nekilnojamojo turto spekuliacijai. Pavyzdžiui, buvo padidintas paskolos ir vertes santykis (angl. LTV), siekiant skatinti būsto pasiūla, paklausa ir būsto sandorius. Tačiau šios politicos priemones galetu lemti būsto krize del per daug išplestos ir dideles rizikos išvestinemis priemonemis, didinant Korejos antrinio būsto rinka. Tačiau būsto rinka gali atsidurti tokioje painioje situacijoje, kad bus dar sunkiau atlikti empiriškai pagrista būsto rinkos prognoze. Todel reikalingas išsamus ir sisteminis metodas, padedantis analizuoti finansine nekilnojamojo turto rinka ir priežastini ryši tarp rinka veikiančiu veiksniu. Be integruotos perspektyvos ir dinamiško sistemingu metodu taikymo, šiame straipsnyje siūlomi Korejos nekilnojamojo turto ir paskolu rinkos dinamikos modeliai, pagristi pagrindiniais principais ir pagrindinemis nesekmemis būsto rinkose, kurios nustatomos pagal ekonomine vartotoju veikla, finansuojančias institucijas, ir nekilnojamaji turta finansuojančiais investuotojais. Galimas Korejos Vyriausybes pertvarkymo politicos rezultatas - sutelkti demesi i svarbiausia šiu politikos krypčiu rodikli - būsto paskolas.
30
Kurniawan, Aris. « ANALISA PENILAIAN KELAYAKAN JAMINAN DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN KREDIT UMKM PADA LEMBAGA KEUANGAN DI INDONESIA ». Economicus : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen 14, no 2 (30 décembre 2020) : 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47860/economicus.v14i2.188.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Peneliti mencoba menjelaskan tentang jaminan kredit yang umumnya diterima perbankan khususnya pada segment kredit UMKM, penulis berusaha menjelaskan secara best practice terkait jaminan kredit, penilaian jaminan kredit dan jenis jaminan yang umumnya dihindari oleh perbankan. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah bank yang melayani pembiayaan atau kredit khususnya segment UMKM baik bank pemerintah maupun bank swasta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang yang digunakan adalah data-data yang penulis peroleh dari web resmi bank yang dijadikan objek penelitian. Disamping itu penulis juga mengumpulkan brosur beberapa bank, data pendukung lainya adalah buku pedoman kebijakan kredit yang penulis miliki dimana penulis pernah bekerja pada beberapa bank tersebut. Untuk melengkapi informasi dan data penulis juga melakukan wawancara dengan beberapa marketing bank. Hasil Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini menjelaskan jenis jaminan yang umumnya diterima perbankan adalah tanah dan bangunan, tanah kosong, kios, kendaraan bermotor roda 2 dan 4 serta deposito. Untuk LTV (Loan To Value) atau rasio besarnya pinjaman dibandingkan dengan jaminan yang diberikan antara lain tanah kosong maksimal 70-80%, tanah dan bangunan maksimal 80%, kendaraan bermotor maksimal 60-70% dan deposito maksimal 90%. Adapun jaminan yang umumnya dihindari oleh perbankan untuk tanah dan bangunan adalah, jaminan yang diperuntukan untuk jalur hijau, lebar jalan kurang dari satu meter, dibawah aliran listrik bertegangan tinggi, dibantaran kali arus deras, tanah dalam sengketa, tanah dan bangunan yang peruntukan dan dipakai untuk fasilitas umum dan kegamaan dan lain-lain.
31
Muthia, Azka. « KAJIAN KEBIJAKAN MAKROPRUDENSIAL LOAN TO VALUE RATIO DALAM PENGENDALIAN KREDIT PEMILIKAN RUMAH ». Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan 4, no 1 (3 juillet 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jiet.v4i1.11915.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Housing credit in Indonesia has high growth from 2011. This growth could become excessive growth and cause housing bubble. Therefore, the government implement Loan To Value (LTV) to control mortgages. However, growth of housing credit is still fluctuating and slowing down when the government loosening LTV policy. This condition become the reasons to evaluate the success of LTV in Indonesia. The results using Hodrick Prescott (HP) filter method identified that housing credit several times experienced excessive growth and with Generalized Linear Autoregressive Moving Average (GLARMA) method shows that housing credit to GDP ratio is influenced by previous month and not influenced by LTV policy. Based on these results, Bank Indonesia can combine LTV policy with Debt To Income policy and determine the target of mortgage growth target to succesful housing credit control.Keywords— KPR, LTV; excessive growth; HP filter, GLARMA
32
Imansyah, Imansyah, et Mirza Yuniar Isnaeni Mara. « PENENTUAN BOBOT RESIKO KREDIT UNTUK RUMAH TINGGAL : STUDI KASUS DI INDONESIA ». Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 10, no 1 (10 septembre 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v10i1.218.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper analyzes the appropriateness of the basic risk weight for the fully secured residential mortgage, recommended in Basel II, to be implemented on Indonesian economy. As the supervisory authorities can customize the 35% of recommended risk weight based on the national arrangements, we analyze the practical ground of the residential mortgage in Indonesia focusing on the probability and the loss given default for this credit type.The result propose a lower risk weight for a fully secured residential mortgage risk weight. For a different types of residential mortgage, this paper suggest the use of Loan to Value (LTV) ratio to determine the risk weight. Rather than using a uniform 50% risk weight as required by the current regulation, our result recommend to give a different weight for a different LTV class; 75% weight for LTV greater than 90%, 50% for LTV between 80% to 90%, 45% for LTV between 70% to 80%, and 40% for a LTV less than 70%.However, the adoption of the proposed residential mortgage risk weight is subject to 2 strict prudential criterias; (i) the loan is used as the residence of the borrower; (ii) the loan is secured by the first lien or first legal charge on the residential property.Keywords: weight risk, bank, mortgage, default, Basel II, Indonesia.JEL Classification: E51, G21
33
Gopalan, Radhakrishnan, Barton Hamilton, Ankit Kalda et David Sovich. « Home Equity and Labor Income : The Role of Constrained Mobility ». Review of Financial Studies, 30 décembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhaa136.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Using detailed data for U.S. homeowners, we document a negative, nonlinear relation between the loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of homeowners' primary residence and their labor income. Consistent with high LTV individuals experiencing constrained mobility, we find stronger effects among subprime, liquidity-constrained individuals and those living in regions with limited alternative local employment opportunities and strict noncompete law enforcement. Though high LTV individuals are less likely to move across MSAs, they are more likely to change jobs without changing their residence. We find no effects among similar neighboring renters employed at the same firm and with a similar job tenure.
34
Singh, Bhupal. « House Prices and Macroprudential Policies ». IMF Working Papers 20, no 291 (18 décembre 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513552514.001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper examines the efficacy of macroprudential policies in addressing housing prices in a developing country while underscoring the importance of fundamental factors. The estimated models using city-level data for India suggest a strong influence of fundamental factors in driving housing prices. There is compelling evidence of the effectiveness of macroprudential tools viz., Loan-to-value (LTV) ratio, risk weights, and provisioning requirements, in influencing housing price movements. A granular analysis suggests an even stronger impact on housing prices of a change in the regulatory LTV ratio for large-sized vis-à-vis small-sized mortgages, which buttresses their potency in fighting house price speculations. A tightening of the risk weights on the housing assets of banks causes significant downward pressure on house prices. Similarly, regulatory changes in standard asset provisioning on housing loans also influence house prices.
35
Abdul Adzis, Azira, Hock Eam Lim, Siew Goh Yeok et Asish Saha. « Malaysian residential mortgage loan default : a micro-level analysis ». Review of Behavioral Finance ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (10 juillet 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rbf-03-2020-0047.
Texte intégralRésumé :
PurposeThis study investigates factors contributing to residential mortgage loans default by utilizing a unique dataset of borrowers' default data from one of the pioneer lending institutions in Malaysia that provides home financing to the public. Studies on mortgage loan default have been extensively examined, but limited studies utilize the individual borrower's data, as financial institutions generally hesitant to reveal their customers' data due to confidentiality issue.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses logistic regression model to analyze 47,158 housing loan borrowers' data for the year 2016.FindingsThe findings suggest that male borrowers, Malay and other type of ethnicity, guarantor availability, loan original balance, loan tenure, loan interest rate and loan-to-value (LTV) ratio are the significant factors that influence mortgage loans default in Malaysia.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies may expand the sample by employing data from other types of financial institutions that would give greater insights as findings might vary due to differences in objectives, functions and regulations. In addition, the findings are subjected to the censoring bias where future studies could perform the survival analysis to control for censoring bias and re-validating the findings of the present study.Practical implicationsThe findings provide valuable insights for lending institutions and the government to formulate housing loan policy in Malaysia.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study in the context of emerging economies that uses financial institution's internal data to investigate factors of mortgage loan default.
36
« Data Warehouse Testing : A Step Towards using Business Intelligence in Banking ». International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no 4 (30 novembre 2019) : 12365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d9891.118419.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the modern era, technology plays a vital role by contributing in the development of business by providing various tools and techniques to enhance the business decision-making process. Data warehouse is an important entity that contributes to the decision-making process, which can be seen in the literature available over the years. Data warehouse provides the basis for quality analysis of available data by deriving accurate information from data. Like many other industries, banking sector is also facing challenges due to various reasons like large over-dues, non-performing assets, changing customer demographics, matching customer expectation levels, increased competition from financial technological companies and banking competitors, etc. Thus data warehouse system serves to be the best solution for the banks to overcome challenges as data warehouse system integrates all the data at one place and provides a consolidated view of the past transactions which can be used for report generation and performing analytical analysis in order to help the management to maximize business performance. In addition to making strategic decisions, data warehouse also assist in helping the banks to improve customer retention, optimize discounting, market segmentation, business performance, customer deposits, etc. Thus, a data warehouse system provides a solution to all data management problem and generate patterns and reports for analytical end users for enhancing decision making processes. In this research paper, we shall be representing a bank model that focuses on the loan department of a bank data warehouse and shall be explaining how business intelligence plays a role in improving the loan analysis for the banks. Loan analysis may include summarizing the classified loans, analyzing loans within and exceeding the threshold limits of Loan-To-Value (LTV) ratio, analysis of loan rejections and other analysis pertaining to loans.
37
Kolasa, Marcin. « On the Limits of Macroprudential Policy ». B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, 8 juillet 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejm-2018-0189.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThis paper studies how macroprudential policy tools applied to the housing market can complement the interest rate-based monetary policy in achieving one additional stabilization objective, defined as keeping either economic activity or credit at some exogenous (and possibly time-varying) levels. We show analytically in a canonical New Keynesian model with housing and collateral constraints that using the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio, tax on credit or tax on property as additional policy instruments does not resolve the inflation-output volatility tradeoff. Perfect targeting of inflation and credit with monetary and macroprudential policy is possible only if the role of housing debt in the economy is sufficiently small. The identified limits to the considered policies are related to their predominantly intertemporal impact on decisions made by financially constrained agents, making them poor complements to monetary policy, which also operates at an intertemporal margin. These limits can be overcome if macroprudential policy is instead designed such that it sufficiently redistributes income between savers and borrowers.
38
Mohd Thas Thaker, Hassanudin, Mohamed Ariff et Niviethan Rao Subramaniam. « Residential property market in Malaysia : an analysis of price drivers and co-movements ». Property Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (21 octobre 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-10-2019-0064.
Texte intégralRésumé :
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the drivers of residential price as well as the degree co-movement of housing among different states in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted an advanced econometrics technique: the dynamic autoregressive-distributed lag (DARDL) and – the time-frequency domain approach known as the wavelet coherence test. The DARDL model was applied to identify the cointegrating relationships and the CWT was used to analyze the co-movement and lead–lag relationships among four states’ regional housing prices. The extracted data were mainly on annual basis and comprised macroeconomics and financial factors. Information with regard to residential prices and other variables was extracted from the National Property Information Centre (NAPIC) website, the Central Bank of Malaysia Statistics Report, the Department of Statistics, Malaysia, I-Property.com and the World Bank (WB). The data covered in this study were the pool data from four main states in Malaysia and different categories of residential properties.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that there were long-run cointegration relationships between the housing price and capital gain and loss, rental per square feet, disposable income, inflation, number of marriages, deposit rate, risk premium and loan-to-value (LTV) ratio. While the wavelet analysis shows that (1) in the long run, Kuala Lumpur housing price having strong co-movement with Selangor, Penang and Melaka housing prices except for Johor and (2) the lead–lag relationship also postulates Kuala Lumpur housing price having in-phase category with Selangor, Penang and Melaka housing prices except for Johor.Practical implicationsThis study offers relevant practical implications. First, the study proposes an active collaboration between the private sector and government support which may help to smooth the pricing issue of residential properties. More low-cost residential projects are needed for focus groups including middle- and low-income earners. Furthermore, the results are expected to provide real estate investor in Malaysia, an improved understanding of the regional housing market price dynamics.Originality/valueThe findings of this study were obtained from various reliable sources; therefore, the results reflected the analysis of price drivers and co-movements. Furthermore, findings from this study lend some support to the argument on the rise of residential prices and offer several policy implications from a practical point of view with regard to the residential market.