Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Local Artificial Substrate »

The aim of this chapter is to report the perception of artisanal fishers regarding long-term implementation impacts of artificial reefs in the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data was collected through 60 interviews with local and regional artisanal fishers. The fishers stated an increase in fish abundance and species richness around the reef complex and consider it very important for local fisheries due to its ability to attract commercial species. These findings were clearly supported by their positive perception regarding the installation of reef balls and how these structures have benefited the local and regional fishing community over time (>25 years). In addition, the data confirms that the presence of different species in the reef complex is due to an increase of consolidated and stable substrate, which provides several types of prey and habitat for recruitment and shelter.

<em>Abstract</em>.—Artificial reefs quickly became important in Malaysian fisheries management after their introduction in the 1970s. Their popularity lies in their potential for rehabilitating and enhancing coastal resources, particularly after the establishment of legal protection for coastal resources via regulations regarding fishing zonation in 1985. These human-made substrates were created from various materials, from tires to concrete structures. These structures were meant to create permanent sites conceptually similar to traditional artificial reefs deployed by local fishers that were more temporary in nature. Studies conducted up to the 1990s indicated that artificial reefs had the potential to bring resource users and managers together to establish a community-based management of small-scale coastal fisheries. However, the degree of progress made toward using artificial reefs to bring together users and managers remained obscure. Subsequently, a case study conducted between 2008 and 2010 used the sustainable livelihood approach to gain the perspectives of small-scale fishers on artificial reefs in Terengganu. This paper revisits the potential and challenges of using artificial reefs to implement a community-based fishery management approach. Focus is given to the institutional arrangements, both indigenous and official, that mediate the use of artificial reefs by small-scale fishers in Setiu. While many enabling factors exist, institutional weaknesses that impede a more inclusive management structure also persist. The importance of leveraging traditional fishing codes of conduct to manage access to artificial reefs is highlighted as the key to realizing the potential of deploying artificial reefs to enhance livelihoods based on sustainable fisheries resources.

One of the challenges in engineering complex artificial tissue constructs, with defined matrix and cellular architecture, is the formation of a viable microcirculation within them, that inosculates with the host vasculature and matures into a functional microvascular bed. Current methods based on complex cell patterning in 2-D or 3-D matrix systems rely on ‘printing’ cells or patterns of cells on/ in a substrate, direct culture on patterned substrates, or endothelialization of decellularized vessels. We are now beginning to understand the effects of the microenvironment on microvascular constr

This work examines the microscale physics of heat transfer processes in flow boiling of FC-72 in a single microchannel. Experimental results discussed in this paper provide new physical insight on the nature of heat transfer events. The study is enabled through development of a device with a composite substrate that consists of a high thermal conductivity material coated by a thin layer of a low thermal conductivity material with embedded temperature sensors. This novel arrangement enables measurement of local heat flux with a spatial resolution of 40–65 μm and a temporal resolution of 50 μs.