Thèses sur le sujet « Lorenzo deʼ Medici »

Tesi di dott.--storia--Firenze--Università degli studi, 1993. Titre de soutenance : Lorenzo dei Medici : la penetrazione della sua influenza e del suo potere nello Stato fiorentino.
Bibliogr. p. 181-201. Index.

This thesis explores changes in experimental reporting during the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century. In particular, I examine and compare some of the works of Count Lorenzo Magalotti, namely the Saggi di Naturali Esperienza or Essays on Natural Experiments and the Relazione d'Inghilterra. In 1667, as secretary of the Accademia del Cimento – the Tuscan experimental academy founded in 1657 – Magalotti (1637-1712) authored the Saggi, a collection of experimental reports. These reports included extensive written descriptions of experiments along with dozens of engravings depicting the instruments custom-made for the experiments. Magalotti also served as ambassador and agent of the Tuscan court and in the same year he traveled to England to offer a copy of the Saggi to King Charles II. While in England, Magalotti corresponded extensively with Prince Leopold and with the future grand duke, Cosimo III, reporting his observations of the English court: descriptions of political, military, and intellectual life at the court of Charles II. Magalotti’s account of his experience was compiled as Relazione d'Inghilterra in 1669. My work shows that the Saggi and the Relazione, although different in their content, emerged from the same historical context. I argue that the way information was conceived and organized, whether it originated from experimental practices (Saggi) or diplomatic actions (Relazione), changed over the course of the seventeenth century. Experimental reporting, like political reporting, became parceled into small, discrete units suited for high rates of information exchange.

Gegenstand der Arbeit sind Darstellungen, die dem Umfeld zweier Heiligenkulte in Florenz angehören und auf Bestellungen der Medici, ihrer Freunde und Verbündeten zurückzuführen sind. Den ursprünglich römischen Kult seiner Namenspatrone, der hll. Cosmas und Damian hat erst Cosimo de’ Medici in Florenz bekannt gemacht. Dabei erwies sich das Fehlen einer nennenswerten Florentinischen Tradition als maßgeblicher Faktor seiner Wirkkraft. Fra’ Angelico, Filippo Lippi und andere Künstler konnten formal neuartige Bildlösungen entwickeln, deren Inhalte sich als Projektionsflächen der politischen und geistigen Florentiner Eliten eigneten. Cosimo etablierte auf diese Weise ein Netzwerk persönlicher Repräsentation, das nicht allein die Barriere zwischen privatem und öffentlichem Raum zu durchdringen vermochte, sondern auch demonstrativ über die in Florenz herkömmliche Beschränkung auf das eigene Stadtviertel hinausgriff. Mit dem Generationswechsel nach Cosimos Tod erforderten die veränderten Machtverhältnisse auch einen Wechsel in der Strategie des Kults. In der zweiten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts tritt ein anderer Kult, jener der hll. Drei Könige in den Vordergrund. Dieser besaß im Gegensatz zur Verehrung von Cosmas und Damian in Florenz eine eigenständige, spezifisch republikanische Tradition. Unter deren Schutz konnte eine kontinuierliche Politisierung althergebrachter Rituale und die Übernahme der Kontrolle durch die Medici stattfinden. Auch in diesem Fall zeigt die Analyse der erhaltenen Darstellungen, dass sie den Auftraggebern als Loyalitätsnachweis dienten und die Zugehörigkeit zum Klientel der Medici und damit der städtischen Eliten markierten. Noch in der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts griff Herzog Cosimo I. auf strategische Elemente und Motive des Kults zurück, nun zunehmend aus dem sakralen Kontext gelöst und Bestandteil höfischer Panegyrik.
The Images observed here are mainly of two religious cults commissioned by members, friends and allies of the Medici family. In the early 15th century Cosimo de’ Medici following the example of his father introduced his patron saints, Cosmas and Damian into his native city of Florence. Prior to this the cult of these saints was of no vital importance outside Rome. Thus there was no eminent pictorial tradition of their images which proved an important factor in the cult’s success. Fra’ Angelico, Filippo Lippi and other artists were able to develop a new imagery that allowed members of Florence’s political and humanistic circles to identify with. Cosimo established a network of personal representation which did not only penetrate the barriers between private and public space but ostentatiously reached beyond the customary boundaries of a family’s home quarter. After Cosimo’s death in 1464 political instability resulted in a change of strategy. In the second half of the 15th century a different cult, that of the Three Magi, moves into the center of medicean interest. Contrary to Saints Cosmas and Damian the cult of the Magi had an ancient and marked republican tradition in Florence. Under cover of this tradition the Medici party managed to take over control of the confraternity of the Magi and wield its influential instruments to their own benefit. As with images of Saints Cosmas and Damian those depicting the Adoration of the Magi were used as a confirmation of loyalty to the Medici and their faction. Even in the 16th century Duke Cosimo I. went back to elements and motifs of his predecessors’ strategy. Rather than reviving the cult of Saints Cosmas and Damian however they are used to give evidence of political and dynastical continuity.

La capacité de la force de Lorentz à relier un déplacement mécanique à un courant électrique présente un intérêt certain pour l'acoustique médicale, et trois applications ont été étudiées dans cette thèse. Dans la première partie de ce travail, un hydrophone a été développé pour effectuer des champs de vitesse acoustique. Cet hydrophone était constitué d'un fil de cuivre vibrant dans un champ magnétique. Un modèle a été élaboré pour déterminer une relation entre la pression acoustique et le courant électrique mesure, qui est induit par force de Lorentz lorsque le fil vibre dans un champ acoustique. Un prototype a ensuite été conçu et sa résolution spatiale, sa réponse fréquentielle, sa sensibilité, sa résistance et sa réponse directionnelle ont été examinées. Une méthode d'imagerie appelée Tomographie d'Impedance Electrique par Force de Lorentz a aussi été étudiée. Dans cette méthode, un tissu biologique est déplacé par ultrasons dans un champ magnétique, ce qui induit un courant électrique par force de Lorentz. L'impédance électrique du tissu peut ensuite être déduite de la mesure du courant. Cette technique a été appliquée pour réaliser des images d'un fantôme de gélatine, d'un muscle de bœuf, et d'une lésion thermique dans un échantillon de poulet. Cela a montré que la méthode est potentiellement utile pour fournir un contraste supplémentaire à des images ultrasonores classiques. Enfin, cette thèse a démontré que des ondes de cisaillement peuvent être générées dans des tissus mous par force de Lorentz. Cela a été réalisé en appliquant un courant électrique par deux électrodes dans un solide mou place dans un champ magnétique. Des ondes de cisaillement ont été observées dans des échantillons de gélatine et de foie. La vitesse des ondes de cisaillement a été utilisée pour calculer l'élasticité et leur source pour cartographier la conductivité électrique des échantillons
The ability of the Lorentz force to link a mechanical displacement to an electrical current presents a strong interest for medical acoustics, and three applications were studied in this thesis. In the first part of this work, a hydrophone was developed for mapping the particle velocity of an acoustic field. This hydrophone was constructed using a thin copper wire and an external magnetic field. A model was elaborated to determine the relationship between the acoustic pressure and the measured electrical current, which is induced by Lorentz force when the wire vibrates in the acoustic field of an ultrasound transducer. The built prototype was characterized and its spatial resolution, frequency response, sensitivity, robustness and directivity response were investigated. An imaging method called Lorentz Force Electrical Impedance Tomography was also studied. In this method, a biological tissue is vibrated by ultrasound in a magnetic field, which induces an electrical current by Lorentz force. The electrical impedance of the tissue can be deduced from the measurement of the current. This technique was applied for imaging a gelatin phantom, a beef muscle sample, and a thermal lesion in a chicken breast sample. This showed the method may be useful for providing additional contrast to conventional ultrasound imaging. Finally, this thesis demonstrated that shear waves can be generated in soft tissues using Lorentz force. This work was performed by applying an electrical current with two electrodes in a soft solid placed in a magnetic field. Shear waves were observed in gelatin phantom and liver sample. The speed of the shear waves were used to compute elasticity and their source to map the electrical conductivity of the samples

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Determina la eficacia del esquema de tratamiento antimalárico combinado de artesunato más mefloquina contra la malaria por Plasmodium falciparum no complicado en la región de Loreto, Perú. Determina la respuesta parasitológica y clínica de pacientes con malaria por P. falciparum no complicada al nuevo esquema de tratamiento artesunato más mefloquina. Determina el nivel de resistencia inicial del P. falciparum a las drogas artesunato y mefloquina. Busca conocer la tasa del efecto gametocida del artesunato en el esquema de tratamiento artesunato más mefloquina en la región Loreto.
Trabajo académico

Antecedentes: La frecuencia de infección por VIH en poblaciones amazónicas muestra resultados disimiles. La comunidad Shipibo-Konibo es la segunda etnia amazónica peruana en número y existen reportes previos de frecuencias de infección por VIH elevadas en las regiones colindantes. Sin embargo, no existen estudios que hayan evaluado la frecuencia de infección en esta etnia. Objetivos: Evaluar la frecuencia y factores asociados a la presencia de infección por VIH en la comunidad Shipibo-Konibo de la provincia de Ucayali en el Departamento de Loreto. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico basado en el análisis de los registros obtenidos durante el proceso de búsqueda activa de VIH realizado en el Centro de Salud de Contamana en visitas de atención durante marzo 2017– marzo 2018. El diagnóstico definitivo se basó en dos pruebas rápidas positivas distintas. Resultados: Se obtuvo información de 461 pobladores, con una prevalencia de 11.49% de infección por VIH. El 63.9% de tamizados fueron de sexo femenino y la mediana de edad fue de 27 años. Se tamizaron 45 gestantes, de las cuales 12 (27%) fueron VIH (+). En el análisis multivariado la edad (OR= 0.93), baja de peso (OR= 12.77), y diarrea (OR= 36.41) se asociaron significativamente a la infección por VIH. Conclusiones: La población perteneciente a la etnia Shipibo-Konibo estudiada presentó una alta prevalencia de infección por VIH, muy por encima del promedio nacional. Se deben implementar medidas urgentes tomando el contexto cultural de esta población para evitar el desarrollo de una epidemia de infección por VIH en esta comunidad.
Background: The frequency of infection by HIV in Amazonian communities shows dissimilar results in different, evaluated communities. The Shipibo-Konibo community is the second Amazonian ethnic groups in Peru and has been reported for high proportions of HIV infections in closing regions. However, there are no studies that have evaluated the frequency of this infection in this ethnic group. Objectives: Evaluate the frequency and associated factors with the presence of HIV infection in the Shipibo-Konibo community of the province of Ucayali in the Department of Loreto. Methods: A transversal analytical study is presented based on the screening charts obtained during the active surveillance conducted by the Contamana Health Center in care visits from March 2017 to March 2018. The final diagnosis of HIV infection was based on two positive rapid tests. Results: Data was obtained from 461 inhabitants, with a prevalence of 11.49% of HIV infection. The 63.9% were female and the median age was 27-year-old. Forty-five pregnant women were tested, and 12 of them (27%) were HIV (+). In the multivariate analysis, we found that age (OR = 0.927), low weight ((OR= 12.771) and diarrhea (OR= 36.409) were significantly associated with the presence of HIV infection. Conclusions: The population of the Shipibo-Konibo ethnic group showed a high prevalence of HIV infection (11.49%), above to the national average. We believe that urgent measures should be implemented based on cultural context of this population to avoid the development of an epidemic of HIV infection in this community.
Tesis

The aim of my PhD thesis is to analyse the representation of the veneral desease in the Renaissance medecine and the reaction of the italian literature to the plague. To assess these questions, the analysis of literary texts required the study of the historical context, whit a particular attention to the history of medecine and the history of ideas. In view of its interdisciplinary purpose, the thesis has been divided into four research areas : the autobiographical tales of the poets affected by the syphilis (Antonio Cammelli, Niccolò Campani, Agnolo Firenzuola), the burlesque poetry in praise of the veneral desease (Giovan Francesco Bini, Agnolo Firenzuola, the Grappa, Giovan Francesco Ferrari and various popular printed booklets or pamplets), the relationship between a certain misogynist medicine and the satirical literature (Pietro Aretino, Francisco Delicado, Maestro Andrea Veneziano, Lorenzo Venier and some anonymous poems) and the presence of the syphilis in the epic production (Girolamo Fracastoro, Giovanni Giorgini, Tommaso Stigliani, Giovan Francesco Lalli). The thesis is followed by an Appendix A, composed of eight unpublished literary texts, and by an Appendix B, consisting of twenty-four images that accompany and enrich the reading of the different chapters.
La presente ricerca ha lo scopo di fornire una mappatura della diffusione del motivo del mal francese nella letteratura del pieno e del tardo Rinascimento italiano. A questo proposito si sono presi in considerazione i testi letterari e medico-scientifici redatti a partire dallo scoppio dell’epidemia, il 1494, fino agli anni ’30 del Seicento. Le linee tematiche individuate sono state: il racconto testimonianza dei poeti «infranciosati», che intreccia generi e codici retorici differenti (Antonio Cammelli, Niccolò Campani, Agnolo Firenzuola), la produzione satirico-burlesca di capitoli in lode di «cose ignobili», che crea una sorta di filone interno alla letteratura dedicata al mal francese (Giovan Francesco Bini, Agnolo Firenzuola, il Grappa, Giovan Francesco Ferrari e altre «pelate»), il rapporto tra un sapere medico misogino e una certa letteratura anticlassicista, (Pietro Aretino, Francisco Delicado, Maestro Andrea Veneziano, Lorenzo Venier), e il legame che unisce l’epos alla narrazione del mal francese (Girolamo Fracastoro e Giovan Battista Lalli). Data la generosità del corpus analizzato e il dialogo costante tra le istanze letterarie e quelle del sapere medico, la ricerca è stata condotta utilizzando sia i metodi interpretativi della critica stilistica sia gli apporti della storia della medicina e della storia delle idee. A questo proposito si è dimostrato che il mal francese poteva diventare l’occasione privilegiata per una riflessione sul moderno, ma anche allegoria politica della corruzione degli Stati italiani all’indomani della discesa di Carlo VIII. Inoltre, la natura venerea aveva dato adito da una parte a un riaggiornamento dei topoi misogini sia in campo medico che in quello letterario, e dall’altra alla nascita di scritture autobiografiche che raccontavano le conseguenze personali e sociali della condizione di infranciosato.

The first part of this master thesis is focused on the personality of Lorenzo deʼ Medici and his inclusion in the period and cultural contexts. The literary background of Italy in the 15th century is introduced, as well as the Lorenzo's life, the summary of his literary output and his contribution as a patron of the Florentine culture and arts. The second part analyzes four of the Lorenzoʼs works related to mythological themes going back until the ancient writers. Lorenzoʼs evident influence by these authors is illustrated with the specific quotations but at the same time his own innovations in texts and stories are referred to. The conclusion compares an extend of this influence on him and the contribution of his own invention to the particular works. It points out the uniqueness of the personality of Lorenzo deʼ Medici both in the cultural and literary spheres as well.

This thesis discusses Lorenzo de' Medici's era and literary work. In the first part, Lorenzo's personage is introduced and put into historical and cultural context. Given its importance for social changes, a separate chapter is dedicated to humanism and its eminent personalities. Neoplatonism and Lorenzo's patronage and cultural activities are also mentioned. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to Lorenzo de' Medici's own literary work, paying particular attention to his comical poems inspired by rustic life, especially some of his carnival chants (canti carnascialechi) and the poem Nencia da Barberino, which are then analyzed. In the conclusion, this study briefly deals with the controversy caused by the connection between Lorenzo's poetry and his government. Keywords: Lorenzo de' Medici, humanism, Neoplatonism, volgare, patronage, comical and realistic poetry, carnival chants.

The doctoral thesis The World of Italian Comic-Realistic Poetry maps in a mostly chronological order the type of Italian poetry that is often referred to as 'giocosa' or 'comico- realistica' - in Czech translation, this best corresponds to 'poezie komicko-realistická'. The principal themes and individual topoi within the genre are analysed one by one, and examples are introduced to demonstrate the propositions related to the existence, characteristics and quality of the genre and the comic contained therein. The introduction is followed by an analysis of comic-realistic poetry of the first period which saw its heyday, namely, the first half of the 14th century, roughly comprising the years 1280- 1340. Following an analysis of sonnets by Rustico di Filippi, who is considered the emblematic founder of the genre in Italy, various topics are gradually analysed such as Bakhtinian reversal in values and seeming protest against the world, poverty and money, woman and anti-stilnovismo in sonnets of a great number of poets of the time, the most typical of them being Cecco Angiolieri. Topics with a more realistic background are also included, religious and political sonnets in particular. The issue of autobiography or pseudo- autobiography in comic-realistic texts is also covered in detail. Based on the...