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Murray, Margaret S. « A discrete choice model of housing selection by low-income urban renters ». Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042006-164515/.
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Taft, William G. « Affordable heritage : the benefits of preserving the historic character of affordable housing ». Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902462.
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The purpose of this project was to create a document which would inform readers involved with urban community development of the benefits of integrating historic preservation into their affordable housing programs. Preservation's roots in community activism are explored and compared to the community development movement. The goals of the historic preservation movement are explained as they apply to an urban context. The document also describes the achievements of preservation in ending the damage caused by urban renewal and creating a broad public appreciation of historic buildings. Development tools related to preservation are shown to be useful for urban revitalization. Readers are informed of the elements of architectural and community character which preservationists seek to save. The definition and appropriateness of several levels of preservation are discussed in terms of when they are pragmatically useful. Neighborhoods in Savannah, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, and Baltimore which have used preservation to revitalize for the poor are profiled. Several single family projects performed by an Indianapolis CDC are analyzed to determine the added cost of integrating preservation into their rehab, with the result showing that added costs are low or non existent. Three multi-unit housing rehabs in Indianapolis are analyzed to determine the cost of preservation work, and these also revealed that although preservation added less than 10% to the cost of the project, it brought valuable tax credits which raised equity exceeding these costs. The effect of preservation on low-income urban neighborhoods was broken down into benefits and costs, with benefits such as increasing property values and attracting investment to the neighborhood seeming to outweigh potential costs such as increases in taxes and rents. This advantage was particularly true if a non-profit community organization targeted their development at meeting the needs of those most likely to suffer from the costs of preservation. The document closes with guidelines on how a CDC can analyze the utility and compatibility of preservation with its existing purpose and programs. The general thrust of the conclusion is that preservation is a valuable tool for upgrading low-income communities for their existing residents, as long as it is teamed with other mechanisms to meet the needs of the disadvantaged.Department of Architecture
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Scott, Junior Anthony Tyrone. « The role of microfinance for housing repair for low-income households in the United States ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17785.
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Ever since microfinance gained popularity in the United States in the early 1990s, American microfinance institutions (MFI) have been trying to figure out how microfinance fits in the American financial system. Initially, the U.S. bought into microcredit’s theory of change as a financially self-supporting vehicle to help the poor exit poverty (Where Credit is Due, 2015), however structural challenges in the U.S. economic system make microfinance difficult for scale, like that seen in developing countries. In 2012, for example, the U.S. microfinance industry served over 361,000 people with a total loan volume of $366 million, while in Brazil - a country of comparable population, for example - served over 3 million people with a volume of $2.5 billion (FIELD, 2012; Microfinance Information Exchange, 2016). When it comes to microfinance specifically for housing in the U.S., the sector is virtually non-existent. This is largely a result of the U.S. debt-heavy model, which discourages progressive housing construction in favor of requiring the client to buy the entire house upfront. Consequently, most research has discarded microfinance as a viable option for housing purchase in the U.S., resulting in a lack of analysis on using it for a more targeted market in home improvements and repairs. The key assumption this paper makes is that the housing microfinance (HMF) repair market might be more financially sustainable in the U.S. due to both the smaller dollar value, relative to home purchase, and the high and reoccurring need for repair that is unlike microloans to businesses. This paper maps the barriers to scaling the microfinance industry in the U.S., as it pertains to home maintenance and improvement for low-income households. It uses the American city of Baltimore as the context for analysis, due to the city’s high need for housing repair and large percentage of residents with limited access to finance. Analysis relies on qualitative interviewing of both lenders and borrowers, concluding that microlending for housing repairs can only be financially sustained with private and public partnership. What Baltimore demonstrates is that HMF, unlike microloans for businesses, is impacted by subsidized interest rates due to government and philanthropic priorities in housing, which prioritize affordability over financial sustainability. Further research is needed on extending microcredit to small landlords for rental properties, since the need and impact on the poor is greater.
Desde que as microfinanças ganharam popularidade nos Estados Unidos no início da década de 1990, as instituições de microfinanças americanas (MFI) têm tentado descobrir como as microfinanças se encaixam no sistema financeiro americano. Inicialmente, os EUA aderiram à teoria da mudança do microcrédito como um veículo financeiramente autossustentado para ajudar os pobres a sair da pobreza (Where Credit is Due, 2015), porém, os desafios estruturais dificultam a expansão, como os países em desenvolvimento. Em 2012, por exemplo, a indústria de microfinanças dos EUA serviu a mais de 361 mil pessoas, com um volume total de empréstimos de US$ 366 milhões, e no Brasil – por exemplo, um país de população comparável – atendeu mais de 3 milhões de pessoas com um volume de US$ 2,5 bilhões (FIELD, 2012; Microfinance Information Exchange, 2016). Quando se trata de microfinanças especificamente para habitação nos EUA, o setor é praticamente inexistente. Isso é em grande parte resultado do modelo de dívida pesada dos EUA, que desencoraja a construção progressiva de moradias em favor de exigir que o cliente compre a casa inteira antecipadamente. Consequentemente, a maioria das pesquisas descartou o microfinanciamento como uma opção viável para compra de moradia nos EUA, resultando em uma falta de análise sobre como usá-lo para um mercado mais direcionado em melhorias e reparos em casa. O pressuposto-chave deste artigo é que o mercado de reparo de microfinanças habitacionais (HMF) pode ser mais financeiramente sustentável nos Estados Unidos devido ao menor valor em dólar, em relação à compra de imóveis, e à alta e recorrente necessidade de reparo que é diferente dos microcréditos para empresas. Este artigo mapeia as barreiras à expansão da indústria de microfinanças nos EUA, uma vez que se refere especificamente à manutenção e melhoria de domicílios para famílias de baixa renda. A cidade americana de Baltimore é usada como o contexto para a análise devido à grande necessidade de reparo de moradia que a cidade possui, além da grande porcentagem dos residentes com acesso limitado ao financiamento. A análise baseia-se em entrevistas qualitativas de credores e mutuários para traçar um contexto de mercado diferenciado, concluindo que o microcrédito para reparos de moradias só pode ser sustentado financeiramente com a parceria privada e pública. São necessárias pesquisas adicionais para estender o microcrédito aos pequenos proprietários de imóveis alugados, uma vez que a necessidade e o impacto sobre os pobres são maiores.
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Carter-Boone, La Shonda R. « United States low-income housing policy from 1930-1995 : assessing the feasibility of the advocacy coalition framework to explain policy change and learning at the U.S. Congressional level / ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3012955.
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Behrman, Nisha. « Changing the Character of the City : The History of the Section 8 Housing Voucher Program and the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit in Los Angeles ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1853.
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This thesis explores the shifting dynamics in low-income housing policy between the federal government and local stakeholders in Los Angeles from the early 1930’s to the end of the 1980’s. In particular, it examines the introduction and implementation of two of the federal government’s largest low-income housing programs: the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program and the Low Income Housing Tax Credit. Many analyses of low-income housing policy in Los Angeles focus mainly on local tensions and power dynamics. This thesis seeks to build on this literature by arguing that shifts at the federal level, such as the introduction of ideologies such as “new federalism,” have played an important role in shaping low-income housing policy in Los Angeles.
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Erickson, Thor. « The Process of Design for Affordable Housing in the Non-Profit Sector ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277003380.
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Quinn, Kelly Anne. « Making modern homes : a history of Langston Terrace Dwellings, a New Deal housing program in Washington, D.C. / ». College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7177.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: American Studies. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Wynn, Colleen E. « Not Quite Out on the Streets : Examining Protective and Risk Factors for Housing Insecurity among Low-Income Urban Fathers ». TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1258.
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It has long been acknowledged that housing is essential for access to employment, social services, healthcare, and other forms of assistance that help move people out of poverty. Through identifying dimensions of housing insecurity, policymakers, as well as researchers, will have a better understanding of the protective factors that make families more secure and the risk factors that raise their level of insecurity. These analyses use resident and non-resident, low-income, urban fathers’ responses to the five publicly available waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing (n = 4378) dataset to examine the relationship between protective and risk factors and housing insecurity. As access to protective factors increases, fathers’ risk of housing semi-insecurity and insecurity decreases, and as fathers are more exposed to risk factors, both their housing semi-insecurity and insecurity risks increase.
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Yuen, Shan-shan Rebecca, et 袁珊珊. « Promotion of home ownership for middle-and lower-income classes in Hong Kong : alternative methods ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259571.
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Moreno, Carlos G. « An evaluation of the Inland Empire Regional Opportunity Counseling housing mobility program ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1832.
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Sedky, Khaled H. « Low income housing in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates ». Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26021.
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The provision of houses for the tribal society in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi constitutes a major problem which greatly aggravates the housing problem in general. The major cause of this problem is that the designers of housing schemes have no sufficient understanding of the tribal traditions and requirements, necessary to provide the local people with convenient dwelling units that correspond with their social behaviour pattern. Ever since oil was discovered in Abu Dhabi, the government has developed an ambitious housing policy to serve the provision of local people with houses. The policy has been carried out for the last 25 years, where the government decided to :- 1. design convenient dwelling units for the local people; 2. plan new neighbourhoods and supply them with a sufficient infrastructure; 3. construct the dwelling units and maintain them once the local people have become their legal owners. The objectives of this policy were to provide the proper environment for the local people. There has been a great change in the design of housing schemes ever since this policy started. A number of foreign architects were involved in the development of a variety of low cost housing types, and inevitably their different cultural backgrounds influenced the design solutions. Many of their schemes use layouts and construction systems which contradict local bahaviour patterns and climatic conditions. During this period of 25 years Abu Dhabi has developed extensive experience in the field of housing but it is not always positive. This experience is worth registering, analysing and evaluating.
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Estrada-Hamby, Lisa S. « A Longitudinal Study Describing the Career Identity Development of Low Income and First Generation College Bound Students ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500070/.
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This mixed methods study investigated the influence of a career development program attended by low income, first generation, college bound students. Phase I took place in 2006 and 2007 when the students participated in the Upward Bound summer Bridge program. During Phase II in 2009, follow up interviews were conducted. Phase III was completed in 2014 and also included follow-up interviews. Career Identity (CI) scores from My Vocational Situation and Holland codes from the Self Directed Search were obtained during each phase. Changes in measured career identity scores and codes were interpreted by taking into account the students’ experiences. Interviews examined common themes demonstrating the career development of the participants.
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Thompson, Pauline A. « Becoming Successful in Education : Beating the Odds, Despite a Background Entrenched in Poverty ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984255/.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of three relationships on academic achievement in mathematics in students of poverty. The three factors that were examined included: teacher-student relationships, parent-student relationships and peer- student relationships. The driving question for the research was as follows: Do external factors such as teacher-student relationships, parent-student relationships and peer-student relationships lead to academic success for students of poverty? The study employed a non-experimental, quantitative approach and utilized longitudinal data from a national database High School Longitudinal Study (HSLS) used a sample of 944 public and private high schools across the USA. A total 0f 28,240 were represented in the survey. Of these 28,240 students, 2641 were used in this study as identified by parental income below the poverty threshold. The outcome of the study indicated that there was little or no correlation between the three relationships and mathematics achievement (academic success). Correlations between the dependent variable (math achievement) and the independent variables even though some were statistically significant their weights had no concrete significance. The study recommends that several initiatives can be instated in schools to support and enhance academic achievement in students of poverty.
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Körte, Peter. « Strategic responses to low-cost-country competition : conceptual and empirical analysis of manufacturing industries in Germany and the United States / ». Frankfurt, M. : Europ. Management Publ, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2871899&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Keenan, Lisa A. « The Application of a Health Service Utilization Model to a Low Income, Ethnically Diverse Sample of Women ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2570/.
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A model for health care utilization was applied to a sample of low income women. Demographic Predisposing, Psychosocial Predisposing, Illness Level, and Enabling indicators were examined separately for African American (n = 266), Anglo American (n = 200), and Mexican American (n = 210) women. Structural Equation Modeling revealed that for African American and Anglo American women, Illness Level, the only significant path to Utilization, had a mediating effect on Psychosocial Predisposing indicators. The model for Mexican Americans was the most complex with Enabling indicators affecting Illness Level and Utilization. Psychosocial Predisposing indicators were mediated by Illness Level and Enabling indicators which both directly affected Utilization. Implications of the results for future research are addressed.
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Wollard, Kimberly Ann. « Exploring the Relationship of Healthy Lifestyle Characteristics with Food Behaviors of Low-Income, Food Insecure Women in the United States (US) ». Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6439.
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Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) self-reported surveys from 2007-2012, this research explored the relationship between four healthy lifestyle characteristics - healthy weight, adequate daily fruit and vegetable intake, regular moderate to vigorous physical activity and not smoking - with food behaviors of low-income, food insecure women. The study examined three specific food behaviors (the use of SNAP, consumption of fast foods, and the utilization of community emergency food programs) to determine if these behaviors had a significant impact on low-income, food insecure women to follow healthy lifestyle characteristics. A secondary data analysis was conducted using binary logistic regression for the analysis. The study sample included low-income, food insecure women ages 18 and above. Once missing data were removed, the total sample size was 589. Results of this study indicate there are no significant relationships between adherence to two or more of the four healthy lifestyle characteristics with: (1) the use of SNAP, (2) the consumption of fast foods or (3) the utilization of community emergency food programs. This study illustrates the importance of understanding the food behaviors of low-income, food insecure woman in order to aid in the prevention of diseases caused by obesity. Although the research results from this study were not significant, it was clearly demonstrated that most Americans do not adhere to the four healthy lifestyle characteristics. The implications of this research enable social workers and other health professionals to understand how food behaviors may be a key factor in reducing or eliminating food insecurity and obesity of low-income, food insecure women in the US.
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Hughes, Tina M. « Parents' Beliefs and Knowledge Regarding Child Development and Appropriate Early Childhood Classroom Practices ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2468/.
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The intent of this study was to assess low-income parents knowledge and beliefs regarding child development and appropriate classroom practice and to compare their responses with those obtained from a previous survey of upper-income parents (Grebe, 1998).
This study group (N=21) consisted of parents or guardians with children in a federally subsidized child-care center. Results indicated a high level of knowledge regarding developmentally appropriate practice and child development. Overall, there were no significant differences in the knowledge between the two income-levels, however, responses to several questions revealed slight differences in beliefs.
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Houghtaling, Bailey Elizabeth. « Prioritizing Food Retailer Perspectives for Environmental Change in Food Stores to Encourage Healthy Dietary Purchases Among Low-Income Consumers in the United States ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100729.
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Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-authorized store environments could be improved to favor consumer purchase of healthy products. Engaging with the key intermediaries who can use marketing-mix and choice-architecture (MMCA) strategies to encourage low-income consumers to purchase healthy products aligned with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), 2015-2020 is essential. This PhD research describes five investigations that explored the perspectives of food store owners, managers, and corporate or independent businesses (e.g., retailers) to inform healthy food retail approaches: (1) a systematic review of the literature (1980-2017) identified social-ecological influencers of food store retailers' decision-making and ability to use MMCA strategies to encourage healthy dietary purchases in the United States (US); (2) SNAP-authorized retailers' perceived feasibility and costs to implement healthy MMCA strategies in rural stores were assessed (n=29); (3) SNAP-authorized retailers' healthy food and beverage perceptions and DGA-aligned product offerings were documented; (4) prevalent SNAP-authorized food store retailers in the US and between two states were identified to inform settings where healthy food retail approaches could reach numerous SNAP consumers; (5) and the availability of corporate social responsibility commitments to use MMCA strategies to improve consumers' diet quality among prevalent SNAP-authorized food store chains was explored. The collective findings from the review and four studies were that multiple social-ecological factors (e.g., skills/knowledge, consumers, suppliers) influenced US retailers' decision-making and ability to use MMCA strategies that favor healthy products. Rural retailers perceived prompting and proximity (e.g., labeling and location) strategies as feasible and less costly compared to other MMCA strategies. Some misalignments of healthy food perceptions and food store availability were identified and indicated a need for trainings to enhance the success of healthy food retail programs. To reach numerous SNAP consumers, healthy food retail programs should target nontraditional (e.g., non-grocery) food stores with varied approaches by state. However, few prevalent SNAP-authorized retailers have made public, voluntary commitments to reduce obesity and may reflect a low readiness to engage in partnerships to establish healthy food retail environments. Future research should document approach to and the impact of using MMCA strategies to encourage healthier consumer purchases on business outcomes among diverse store contexts.Doctor of Philosophy
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Conklin, Andrea Michele. « What are the service needs of the parents participating in the Child Care Access Means Parents In School (CCAMPIS) project ? » CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3332.
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The Child Care Access Means Parents in School (CCAMPIS) is intended to help student parents to persist with their course of study and graduate as soon as possible. This study was done to gain further insight into the service needs of the parents who participate in the program.
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Victory, Kerton R., Nolan L. Cabrera, Daniela Larson, Kelly A. Reynolds, Joyce Latura, Cynthia A. Thomson et Paloma I. Beamer. « Comparison of Fluoride Levels in Tap and Bottled Water and Reported Use of Fluoride Supplementation in a United States–Mexico Border Community ». FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625710.
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Background: Compared to the general United States (U.S.) population, Arizona counties along the U.S.-Mexico border have a higher prevalence of dental caries, which can be reduced with adequate fluoride exposure. Because of concern regarding local tap water quality, fluoride-free bottled water consumption is common in this region, raising concern that families are not receiving adequate fluoride to promote dental health. Objective: To evaluate the levels of fluoride in tap and bottled water as well as the use of fluoride supplements in an Arizona border community. Methods: Low-income Latino households (n = 90) who report use of bottled water as their primary source of water intake were recruited. Participants completed a questionnaire about their and their children's dental histories and use of fluoride supplements. Water samples (bottled and tap) were collected from a subset of households (n = 30) for analysis of fluoride. Results: Fluoride detection levels were significantly greater (p = 0.02, Fisher's exact test) in tap water (average = 0.49 mg/dL) than in bottled water, yet, the majority (22/30) were below the range for optimal dental health (0.7-1.2 mg/L). Concentration of fluoride in the majority (29/30) of bottled water samples was below the quantitative detection limit of 0.4 mg/L. Children were significantly less likely to have dental caries if they received fluoride varnishing treatments (p = 0.01, Fisher's exact test), lived in households that reported using fluoridated mouthwash (p < 0.001, Fisher's exact test), their parents received fluoride education (p = 0.01, Fisher's exact test), and their parents reported visiting a dentist yearly (p < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Furthermore, none of the participants reported receiving recommendations from health-care providers about fluoride supplementation or variance in content by the type of water consumed. Conclusion: Although fluoride was significantly more likely to be detected in tap than bottled water, neither water source in this border community is likely to provide enough fluoride for optimal dental health. Low-income children in this region may benefit from regular access to fluoride varnishing treatments and/or use of fluoridated mouthwash, interventions that could be tested in future well-designed trials.
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Sedillo, Diane Marie. « Assessment of the Effects of Interpersonal Openness and Coping Resources on the Psychological Sequelae of Traumatic Victimization ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2698/.
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The present study tested a model addressing whether interpersonal Openness and interpersonal and intrapersonal Coping Resources mediated the relationship between interpersonal Victimization and the Psychological Symptoms women experience as a result of these traumas. Victimization indicators (physical violence, sexual assault, psychological abuse, and revictimization), Coping indicators (optimism, self-esteem, private self-consciousness, social network and therapy), Openness indicators (self-silencing, communal orientation, trust, self-monitoring, and network orientation), and Psychological Symptoms indicators (global distress, dissociation, and suicidal ideation) were examined separately for African American (n = 245), Euro-American (n = 185), and Mexican American (n = 202) women. Structural Equation Modeling revealed that for African American and Euro-American women, Openness partially mediated the victimization-distress relationship. The model for Mexican Americans was the most complex with Openness and intrapersonal Coping fully mediating the psychological effects of victimization. Approximately 50% of the variance in psychological symptoms resulting from victimization was predicted by this model for African American and Euro-American women; over 80% of the variance was predicted for Mexican Americans. Thus, the importance of Openness to relationships in alleviating the psychological sequelae following interpersonal victimization was underscored by the results. Similarities and differences between these models are discussed. Implications of the results for future research and intervention are addressed.
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Clark, Kristen E. « Developing individualized education programs with culturally and linguistically diverse families from low-income homes : a heuristic inquiry of special education teachers ». Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/867.
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Research shows evidence of overrepresentation of culturally and linguistically diverse children enrolled in special education services, a positive correlation between parent involvement and academic success, and a plethora of barriers impeding active 6 parent participation in IEP development. Barriers include language, culture, low income, . and school climate and team dynamics. The aim of this study was to explore: (a) In what ways do special education teachers engage with culturally and linguistically diverse families from low-income homes in the IEP development process? (b) In what ways do special education teachers address culturally and linguistically diverse children's educational needs while also addressing both legal and workplace expectations? (c) In what ways do special education teachers develop IEPs with culturally and linguistically diverse families from low-income homes addressing both legal and workplace
expectations? These questions were addressed qualitatively utilizing Moustakas's heuristic inquiry. Deductively exploring themes using Lipsky's street-level bureaucracy framework exposed challenges special education teachers in this study had addressing both legal and workplace expectations, such as meeting IDEA 2004 mandates. With a systems theory approach, themes and subthemes were identified as being interconnected. Power imbalances between stakeholders and socioeconomic differences across families appeared to be the most prolific barriers impeding parent participation. Inductive analysis explored emergent and uncovered themes elucidating what it meant to be a special education teacher.
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Kwong, Caputo Jolina Jade. « Undergraduate Research and Metropolitan Commuter University Student Involvement : Exploring the Narratives of Five Female Undergraduate Students ». PDXScholar, 2013. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1006.
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This study sought to explore the lived experiences of five female, first-generation, low-income students who attend a metropolitan commuter university, and investigate how a structured undergraduate research experience exerts influence on the women's academic and social involvement. A qualitative case study with a narrative and grounded theory analysis was selected as the most appropriate approach for exploring this topic and addressing the guiding research questions. Interview and journal data were collected and analyzed to identify significant themes. The importance of finding an academic home, the significance of interacting with faculty and peers, and the validation of a metropolitan commuter university education through a scholar development process emerged as significant findings. Implications and recommendations on programmatic and institutional levels are included, as well as suggestions for future research.
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Brown, Peggy Brandt. « Educationally At-risk College Students From Single-parent and Two-parent Households : an Analysis of Differences Employing Cooperative Institutional Research Program Data ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4897/.
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Using factors of low income, parents' levels of education, and family composition as determinants of educationally at-risk status, study investigated differences between first generation, undergraduate college students from families in lowest quintile of income in the U.S, One group consisted of students from single-parent households and the other of students from two-parent households. Data were from CIRP 2003 College Student Survey (CSS) and its matched data from the Freshman Survey (Student Information Form - SIF). Differences examined included student inputs, involvements, outcomes, and collegiate environments. Included is portrait of low income, first generation college students who successfully navigated U.S. higher education. The number of cases dropped from 15,601 matched SIF/CSS cases to 308 cases of low income, first generation college students (175 from single-parent households and 133 from two-parent households). Most of the 308 attended private, 4-year colleges. Data yielded more similarities than differences between groups. Statistically significant differences (p < .05) existed in 9 of 100 variables including race/ ethnicity, whether or not English was first language, and concern for ability to finance education as freshman. Data were not generalizable to all low income, first generation college students because of lack of public, 4-year and 2-year colleges and universities in dataset. Graduating seniors' average expected debt in June 2003 was $23,824 for students from single-parent households and $19,867 for those from two-parent households. 32% from single-parent households and 22% from two-parent households expected more than $25,000 of debt. Variables used on SIF proved effective tools to develop derived variables to identify low income, first generation college students from single-parent and two-parent households within CIRP database. Methodology to develop derived variables is explained.
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Frost, Suzanne L. « The Lived Experience of Low-Income Single Mothers in the U.S. and the Effects of Nature as a Psychotherapeutic Tool in Their Treatment ». Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1561210614849295.
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Robinson, Dwan Vanderpool. « The Engagement Of Low Income And Minority Parents In Schools Since No Child Left Behind : Intersections Of Policy, Parent Involvement And Social Capital ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1228324127.
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Hill, Terrence Dean. « Relationship violence and the health of low-income women with children ». Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2531.
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Hilberg, Beth Alyne. « Moving on : the effects of frequent childhood mobility on a low-income population ». Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30504.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between frequent
childhood mobility and perceived social support, education level, and economic well-being
in a sample of former Even Start parents. Theoretically the mechanisms for the
disruption of frequent mobility are studied through both social capital theory and an
ecological model. As individuals are uprooted and moved from one environment to the
next they are faced with the developmental challenge of continuous adaptation. With
each move losses of social capital at the individual, family, and community level are
experienced.
The most striking factor about the results of the qualitative analysis is the
parallel it finds to previous quantitative studies on the outcomes and risk factors of
frequent mobility. The participants who experienced frequent mobility in childhood
described lives that were chaotic and uncertain. Frequent childhood mobility was
directly mentioned by several of the participants as a factor increasing hardship in
their lives, associated with participants' retrospective accounts of their poverty status in
childhood and their economic status at the time of the interviews. A lack of significant
parental social support in the group experiencing high childhood mobility, and its
presence in the low childhood mobility group suggests the disruption frequent
childhood mobility may cause in the ability of this group to obtain needed parental
social support. In a population where risk factors are already present frequent
childhood mobility seems to be a key factor in further reducing life chances.Graduation date: 2004
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Ozretich, Robin Nathaniel. « "Because we didn't have nowhere to go" : residential instability among rural low-income families ». Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29441.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this study was to identify and examine risk and protective factors
associated with residential instability within a sample of rural low-income mothers.
Residential instability was defined as two or more residential moves within the course of
a year. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to compare residentially stable
and residentially unstable participants in order to isolate the factors that differentiated the
two groups. These factors were analyzed through life course and ecological theoretical
perspectives. Significant factors associated with residential instability included childhood
and adulthood contexts, as well as changes in family structures throughout the life course.
Based on the findings from this sample, it could be conservatively estimated that
10 to 25% of rural low-income families with children were residentially unstable between
2000 and 2001. Previous research has pointed to the severe negative educational, social,
and developmental impacts of residential instability on children. Findings from this study
suggest that the children who are most at risk for future residential instability in any
given year are likely to have experienced residential instability already, compounding the
impact of residential instability on these children. This study also supports the previous
finding that residential instability is transmitted across generations, with childhood
residential instability predictive of residential instability in adulthood.
Participants who had moved frequently during childhood were significantly more
likely to be residentially unstable, as were participants who had been homeless within the
two years previous to being surveyed. Participants who were sharing housing with
relatives were also at risk of residential instability, due to strain on relationships between
participants' families and the relatives with whom they were sharing housing.
Relationship strain associated with residential instability also occurred between
participants and their partners, with partnership separation significantly predictive of
residential instability. Many residentially unstable participants went through cycles of
moving in and out of relatives' and/or partners households, moving in and out with
partners, or both.
The connection between previous residential instability and subsequent residential
instability was theorized to be associated with persistent poverty, and may also have
indicated other destabilizing conditions. Difficulty in maintaining relationships or holding
down a job, mental health problems, poor survival skills, or patterns of bad choices were
all destabilizing conditions that could theoretically lead to residential instability. These
destabilizing conditions may have often been associated with persistent poverty and their
consequences may have been amplified by persistent poverty.Graduation date: 2005
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Clarke, Kristine Kendrick. « The development, implementation, and evaluation of a dietary and physical activity intervention for overweight, low-income mothers ». Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3525.
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Evans, Leigh. « Analyzing geographic accessibility of community health centers for low-income adults in the United States ». Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32691.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Community health centers (CHCs) provide comprehensive primary care regardless of a patient’s ability to pay. Key policies in the last decade facilitated development of new CHC delivery sites, but the extent of change in geographic access to CHCs (CHC accessibility) is understudied. Furthermore, existing research on CHC accessibility relies on antiquated methods for measuring CHC accessibility despite the growing use of contemporary accessibility methods to study access to other types of health services.
We conducted three studies that examined CHC accessibility using contemporary accessibility methods and publicly available data from the Health Resources and Services Administration, American Community Survey, Area Health Resources File, and the 500 Cities Project. The first study assessed CHC accessibility at the census tract level in 2008 and 2016, before and after implementation of policies that expanded CHCs, using the two-step floating catchment area method. It then investigated the association between indicators of CHC need and changes in CHC accessibility. The second study examined the association between CHC accessibility and primary care utilization. The third study investigated differential change in CHC accessibility for census tracts in a subset of Medicaid expansion states compared to census tracts in a subset of non-expansion states.
We found that CHC accessibility substantially increased between 2008 and 2016, that spatial distribution of increases in CHC accessibility was not uniform, and that the two-step floating catchment area method could be successfully applied to reveal small area variation in CHC accessibility changes across states. We also found that CHC accessibility was positively related to primary care utilization, but moderated by extent of primary care provider supply and median household income in the surrounding area. Finally, we found that census tracts in Medicaid expansion and non-expansion states saw similar increases in CHC accessibility from 2008 to 2016.
In the current health policy context, where gains in health coverage from the Affordable Care Act are in jeopardy of being scaled back, CHC accessibility is critically important. The findings of this work support the important role of CHC accessibility in primary care utilization and describe how CHC accessibility has changed in the last decade.2020-10-23T00:00:00Z
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Mendoza, Reba Makeda. « Towards a biocultural approach a review of food insecurity, low income, and obesity in the United States / ». 2007. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/mendoza%5Freba%5Fm%5F200705%5Fma.
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George, Goldy Chacko 1973. « Dietary behavior in low income postpartum women : psychosocial and body weight correlates ». 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/9679.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this research was to examine psychosocial and body weight correlates of dietary behavior in low-income tri-ethnic women. In Study 1, a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed and validated against diet records in 95 college women and 50 low-income postpartum women. Pearson's correlations were 0.42 among college women and 0.45 among low-income women. Cross-classification of participants into quartiles resulted in 76% of college women and 79% of low-income women being classified correctly. These results suggested that the FFQ was valid for dietary assessment among young women in the southwestern United States. In Study 2, approximately 160 mothers were recruited in the hospital 0-1 days following childbirth, and prepregnancy weight and demographic information were obtained. Weight was measured at 6 months and 1 year postpartum; psychosocial factors were assessed at 1 year. Diet during pregnancy and postpartum was assessed via food frequency questionnaires administered at 1.5 months, and at 6 and 12 months postpartum, respectively. From pregnancy to postpartum, % calories from fat (delta = +1.1%, p<0.05) and added sugar (delta = +2.0%, p<0.05) increased. A greater percentage of lactating than non-lactating women (64% vs. 38%, p<0.05) met recommendations for fruits during pregnancy. Mean intakes of calcium, vitamin A and dairy foods were higher in women who had retained <10% of their prepregnancy weight at 1 year postpartum than in those who had gained [greater-than or equal to] 10%. During late postpartum, women in the highest tertile of compliance with dietary recommendations had a more positive body image (p<0.041) than those in the lowest tertile, and less neglect of self-care (p<0.001), weight-related distress (p<0.006), stress (p<0.009), depressive symptoms (p<0.020), and perceived barriers to weight loss (p<0.039). These findings suggest that the transition from pregnancy to postpartum is associated with a negative impact on dietary behavior in low-income women. Intakes of calcium, vitamin A and dairy foods may be associated with lower weight retention in postpartum. Furthermore, psychosocial variables may influence adherence to dietary guidelines during this time.text
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Follins, Craig Thomas Roueche John E. « An analysis of the expectations and actual experiences of students in welfare to work programs a community college case study / ». 2004. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/1988/follinsct042.pdf.
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Follins, Craig Thomas. « An analysis of the expectations and actual experiences of students in welfare to work programs : a community college case study ». Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1988.
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