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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Mammalian endocrine system »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 2 juin 2025

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

Kalsbeek, Andries, Chun-Xia Yi, Cathy Cailotto, Susanne E. la Fleur, Eric Fliers, and Ruud M. Buijs. "Mammalian clock output mechanisms." Essays in Biochemistry 49 (June 30, 2011): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0490137.

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In mammals many behaviours (e.g. sleep–wake, feeding) as well as physiological (e.g. body temperature, blood pressure) and endocrine (e.g. plasma corticosterone concentration) events display a 24 h rhythmicity. These 24 h rhythms are induced by a timing system that is composed of central and peripheral clocks. The highly co-ordinated output of the hypothalamic biological clock not only controls the daily rhythm in sleep–wake (or feeding–fasting) behaviour, but also exerts a direct control over many aspects of hormone release and energy metabolism. First, we present the anatomical connections u

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Forner-Piquer, Isabel, Christian Giommi, Fiorenza Sella, et al. "Endocannabinoid System and Metabolism: The Influences of Sex." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 22 (2024): 11909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms252211909.

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The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a lipid signaling system involved in numerous physiological processes, such as endocrine homeostasis, appetite control, energy balance, and metabolism. The ECS comprises endocannabinoids, their cognate receptors, and the enzymatic machinery that tightly regulates their levels within tissues. This system has been identified in various organs, including the brain and liver, in multiple mammalian and non-mammalian species. However, information regarding the sex-specific regulation of the ECS remains limited, even though increasing evidence suggests that interac

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P, Nivedha. "The Impact of Environmental Endocrine Disruptors on Mammalian Endocrine Systems and Hormonal Changes." Technoarete Transactions on Recent Research in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 1, no. 1 (2022): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ttrramb/01.01.a004.

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This study discusses the impact of the EDCS or environmental endocrine disruptors in the mammalian endocrine system and also in the hormonal changes. As the EDCs have a role to mimic the pathway and the activity of hormones then the detection method is the first and foremost important concern in this scenario. This study also reflects some detection assays of environmental endocrine disruptors by which their impact can be effectively understood. As EDCs alter the hormonal function then it can be said that beta lactamase activity is the main theme for detecting endocrine disruptors. Endocrine d

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Thomas, John A. "Drugs and Chemicals that Affect the Endocrine System." International Journal of Toxicology 17, no. 2 (1998): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158198226666.

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The mammalian endocrine system is very dynamic, and undergoes frequent physiological fluctions due to diurnal variations and cyclical hormonal feedback systems. Both hormonal modulations and chemicall drug perturbations can affect the reproductive systems in males and females. An endocrine disrup-tor, a contemporary term that has been used to define an agent that disrupts the endocrine system, is a hormone or antihormone mimic that can modulate endocrine signaling pathways. Unfortunately, this terminology is confusing and ambiguous and fails to account for the ever-changing endogenous hormonal

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Seras-Franzoso, Joaquin, Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi, Elena Garcia-Fruitós, Esther Vázquez, and Antonio Villaverde. "Cellular uptake and intracellular fate of protein releasing bacterial amyloids in mammalian cells." Soft Matter 12, no. 14 (2016): 3451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02930a.

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Ishibashi, Kenichi, and Masashi Imai. "Prospect of a stanniocalcin endocrine/paracrine system in mammals." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 282, no. 3 (2002): F367—F375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00364.2000.

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Stanniocalcin (STC) is a calcium- and phosphate-regulating hormone produced in bony fish by the corpuscles of Stannius, which are located close to the kidney. It is a major antihypercalcemic hormone in fish. As the corpuscles of Stannius are absent, and antihypercalcemic hormones are basically not necessary, in mammals, the discovery of a mammalian homolog, STC1, was surprising and intriguing. STC1 displays a relatively high amino acid sequence identity (∼50%) with fish STC. In contrast to fish STC, STC1 is expressed in many tissues, including kidney. More recently, a human gene encoding the s

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Bartke, Andrzej. "Minireview: Role of the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor System in Mammalian Aging." Endocrinology 146, no. 9 (2005): 3718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-0411.

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Abstract The important role of IGF and insulin-related signaling pathways in the control of longevity of worms and insects is very well documented. In the mouse, several spontaneous or experimentally induced mutations that interfere with GH biosynthesis, GH actions, or sensitivity to IGF-I lead to extended longevity. Increases in the average life span in these mutants range from approximately 20–70% depending on the nature of the endocrine defect, gender, diet, and/or genetic background. Extended longevity of hypopituitary and GH-resistant mice appears to be due to multiple mechanisms includin

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Bjenning, C., N. Hazon, A. Balasubramaniam, S. Holmgren, and J. M. Conlon. "Distribution and activity of dogfish NPY and peptide YY in the cardiovascular system of the common dogfish." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, no. 6 (1993): R1119—R1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.6.r1119.

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Neuropeptide Y is present in sympathetic nerves in the mammalian cardiovascular system. This study has investigated the distribution of neuropeptide Y in the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems and the effect of dogfish neuropeptide Y and related peptides on cardiovascular tissue of an elasmobranch fish, the common dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula). Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity is present in varicose nerve fibers innervating dogfish gut and cardiovascular tissue and in endocrine cells of the dogfish spiral intestine. Dogfish neuropeptide Y, dogfish peptide YY, and porcine neurope

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Dejucq, Nathalie, and Bernard Jégou. "Viruses in the Mammalian Male Genital Tract and Their Effects on the Reproductive System." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 65, no. 2 (2001): 208–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.65.2.208-231.2001.

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SUMMARY This review describes the various viruses identified in the semen and reproductive tracts of mammals (including humans), their distribution in tissues and fluids, their possible cell targets, and the functional consequences of their infectivity on the reproductive and endocrine systems. The consequences of these viral infections on the reproductive tract and semen can be extremely serious in terms of organ integrity, development of pathological and cancerous processes, and transmission of diseases. Furthermore, of essential importance is the fact that viral infection of the testicular

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Pan, Qian-Sheng, and Zhi-Ping Fang. "An Immunocytochemical Study of Endocrine Cells in the Gut of a Stomachless Teleost Fish, Grass Carp, Cyprinidae." Cell Transplantation 2, no. 5 (1993): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979300200510.

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Nineteen different antisera raised against mammalian hormones were used to identify the occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells in the gut of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Positive reactions were obtained in gut epithelium with antisera gastrin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide, leucine enkephalin, substance P, and bovine pancreatic polypeptide. No immunoreactive product was formed using antisera against somatostatin, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, insulin, avian pancreatic polypeptide, motilin, cholecystokinin, secretin, neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, bombesin, neu

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Forger, Nancy G., J. Alex Strahan, and Alexandra Castillo-Ruiz. "Cellular and molecular mechanisms of sexual differentiation in the mammalian nervous system." Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 40 (January 2016): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.01.001.

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Gorissen, Marnix, Erik de Vrieze, Gert Flik, and Mark O. Huising. "STAT genes display differential evolutionary rates that correlate with their roles in the endocrine and immune system." Journal of Endocrinology 209, no. 2 (2011): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-11-0033.

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We identified orthologues of all mammalian Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) genes in teleostean fishes, indicating that these protein families were already largely complete before the teleost tetrapod split, 450 million years ago. In mammals, the STAT repertoire consists of seven genes (STAT1, -2, -3, -4, -5a, -5b, and -6). Our phylogenetic analyses show that STAT proteins that are recruited downstream of endocrine hormones (STAT3 and STAT5a and -5b) show a markedly higher primary sequence conservation compared with STATs that convey immune signals

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Gonkowski, Slawomir, and Liliana Rytel. "Somatostatin as an Active Substance in the Mammalian Enteric Nervous System." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18 (2019): 4461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184461.

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Somatostatin (SOM) is an active substance which most commonly occurs in endocrine cells, as well as in the central and peripheral nervous system. One of the parts of the nervous system where the presence of SOM has been confirmed is the enteric nervous system (ENS), located in the wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It regulates most of the functions of the stomach and intestine and it is characterized by complex organization and a high degree of independence from the central nervous system. SOM has been described in the ENS of numerous mammal species and its main functions in the GI trac

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Grant, Azure D., Kathryn Wilsterman, Benjamin L. Smarr, and Lance J. Kriegsfeld. "Evidence for a Coupled Oscillator Model of Endocrine Ultradian Rhythms." Journal of Biological Rhythms 33, no. 5 (2018): 475–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730418791423.

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Whereas long-period temporal structures in endocrine dynamics have been well studied, endocrine rhythms on the scale of hours are relatively unexplored. The study of these ultradian rhythms (URs) has remained nascent, in part, because a theoretical framework unifying ultradian patterns across systems has not been established. The present overview proposes a conceptual coupled oscillator network model of URs in which oscillating hormonal outputs, or nodes, are connected by edges representing the strength of node-node coupling. We propose that variable-strength coupling exists both within and ac

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Hoffman, Beth J., Stefan R. Hansson, Éva Mezey, and Miklós Palkovits. "Localization and Dynamic Regulation of Biogenic Amine Transporters in the Mammalian Central Nervous System." Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 19, no. 3 (1998): 187–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/frne.1998.0168.

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Cheek, Dennis J., Jeannette M. McHugh, Jane Blood-Siegfried, Judy F. McFetridge, and Barbara S. Turner. "A Historical Perspective on the Discovery of Adenyl Purines." Biological Research For Nursing 1, no. 4 (2000): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109980040000100403.

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In 1929, Drury and Szent-Gyorgyi described the effects of a simple extract of heart muscle and other tissues on the mammalian heart. This extract was identified as adenylic acid and found to have profound effects on the cardiovascular system. The discovery and identification of adenyl purines and their effects on the cardiovascular system has now extended to other biological functions such as neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and endocrine/exocrine secretory functions and beyond. This review examines the history of the discovery and identification of the many roles played by adenyl purines i

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Pond, M. "Perinodal adipose tissue: An integral part of the mammalian immune system." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 24 (August 2010): S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.160.

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Kirschner, Lawrence S., Zhirong Yin, Georgette N. Jones, and Emilia Mahoney. "Mouse models of altered protein kinase A signaling." Endocrine-Related Cancer 16, no. 3 (2009): 773–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc-09-0068.

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Protein kinase A (PKA) is an evolutionarily conserved protein which has been studied in model organisms from yeast to man. Although the cAMP–PKA signaling system was the first mammalian second messenger system to be characterized, many aspects of this pathway are still not well understood. Owing to findings over the past decade implicating PKA signaling in endocrine (and other) tumorigenesis, there has been renewed interest in understanding the role of this pathway in physiology, particularly as it pertains to the endocrine system. Because of the availability of genetic tools, mouse modeling h

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Cottone, Erika, Valentina Pomatto, and Patrizia Bovolin. "Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Central Regulation of Nonmammalian Vertebrate Reproduction." International Journal of Endocrinology 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/941237.

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The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has a well-documented pivotal role in the control of mammalian reproductive functions, by acting at multiple levels, that is, central (CNS) and local (gonads) levels. Since studies performed in animal models other than mammals might provide further insight into the biology of these signalling molecules, in the present paper we review the comparative data pointing toward the endocannabinoid involvement in the reproductive control of non-mammalian vertebrates, focussing in particular on the central regulation of teleost and amphibian reproduction. The morphofunct

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Baum, Michael J., and James A. Cherry. "Processing by the main olfactory system of chemosignals that facilitate mammalian reproduction." Hormones and Behavior 68 (February 2015): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.06.003.

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Kim, E. J., Y. Lee, J. E. Lee, and M. B. Gu. "Application of recombinant fluorescent mammalian cells as a toxicity biosensor." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 3 (2002): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0052.

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With respect to developing a more sensitive biosensor, a recombinant fluorescent Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line was used for the monitoring of various toxicants. Both cell lines, EFC-500 and KFC-A10, were able to detect toxicants sensitively. They were characterized with mitomycin C and γ-ray as genotoxicants and bisphenol A, nonylphenol, ziram and methyl bromide as possible and known EDCs. When compared to each other, the response of KFC-A10 was generally more informative and sensitive. Compared to typical bacterial biosensor systems, these cell lines offered a sensitivity of 2- to 50-fold g

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Zhu, Xiaoyan, Anatoli S. Gleiberman, and Michael G. Rosenfeld. "Molecular Physiology of Pituitary Development: Signaling and Transcriptional Networks." Physiological Reviews 87, no. 3 (2007): 933–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00006.2006.

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The pituitary gland is a central endocrine organ regulating basic physiological functions, including growth, the stress response, reproduction, metabolic homeostasis, and lactation. Distinct hormone-producing cell types in the anterior pituitary arise from a common ectodermal primordium during development by extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms, providing a powerful model system for elucidating general principles in mammalian organogenesis. The central purpose of this review is to inspect the integrated signaling and transcriptional events that affect precursor proliferation, cell lineage commit

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Tataridas-Pallas, Nikolaos, Maximillian A. Thompson, Alexander Howard, et al. "Neuronal SKN-1B modulates nutritional signalling pathways and mitochondrial networks to control satiety." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 3 (2021): e1009358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009358.

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The feeling of hunger or satiety results from integration of the sensory nervous system with other physiological and metabolic cues. This regulates food intake, maintains homeostasis and prevents disease. In C. elegans, chemosensory neurons sense food and relay information to the rest of the animal via hormones to control food-related behaviour and physiology. Here we identify a new component of this system, SKN-1B which acts as a central food-responsive node, ultimately controlling satiety and metabolic homeostasis. SKN-1B, an ortholog of mammalian NF-E2 related transcription factors (Nrfs),

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Steyn, Frederik J., Virginie Tolle, Chen Chen, and Jacques Epelbaum. "Neuroendocrine Regulation of Growth Hormone Secretion." Comprehensive Physiology 6, no. 2 (2016): 687–735. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00692.x.

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ABSTRACTThis article reviews the main findings that emerged in the intervening years since the previous volume on hormonal control of growth in the section on the endocrine system of the Handbook of Physiology concerning the intra‐ and extrahypothalamic neuronal networks connecting growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin hypophysiotropic neurons and the integration between regulators of food intake/metabolism and GH release. Among these findings, the discovery of ghrelin still raises many unanswered questions. One important event was the application of deconvolution analysis t

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Liu, Shu Q., Xin‐Liang Ma, Gangjian Qin, Qingping Liu, Yan‐Chun Li, and Yu H. Wu. "Trans‐System Mechanisms Against Ischemic Myocardial Injury." Comprehensive Physiology 5, no. 1 (2015): 167–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2015.tb00606.x.

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AbstractA mammalian organism possesses a hierarchy of naturally evolved protective mechanisms against ischemic myocardial injury at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels. These mechanisms comprise regional protective processes, including upregulation and secretion of paracrine cell‐survival factors, inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and resident stem cell‐based cardiomyocyte regeneration. There are also interactive protective processes between the injured heart, circulation, and selected remote organs, defined as trans‐system protective mechanisms, including upregulation and secretion

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Sheldon, I. Martin, James G. Cronin, Gareth D. Healey, et al. "Innate immunity and inflammation of the bovine female reproductive tract in health and disease." REPRODUCTION 148, no. 3 (2014): R41—R51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-14-0163.

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Mammalian reproductive physiology and the development of viviparity co-evolved with inflammation and immunity over millennia. Many inflammatory mediators contribute to paracrine and endocrine signalling, and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the female reproductive tract. However, inflammation is also a feature of microbial infections of the reproductive tract. Bacteria and viruses commonly cause endometritis, perturb ovarian follicle development and suppress the endocrine activity of the hypothalamus and pituitary in cattle. Innate immunity is an evolutionary ancient system that orches

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Caplen, G., T. T. Mottram, A. Pickard, and S. Milligan. "Monitoring wild fauna fertility non-invasively." BSAP Occasional Publication 28 (2001): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146398150004111x.

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Scientists have long known that certain pesticides, industrial chemicals and heavy metals have a detrimental impact on the reproductive health of a wide range of species (including humans) by disrupting the endocrine system. As exposure to, and the effects of, ‘endocrine disrupters’ are likely to be more pronounced in wild species with a short gestation period and life-cycle we have chosen to develop non-invasive tools based upon faecal steroid analysis to monitor the reproductive status of the short-tailed field vole (Microtus agrestis). This approach is hoped to eventually provide a sensitiv

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Healy, Mae W., Shelley N. Dolitsky, Maria Villancio-Wolter, et al. "Creating an Artificial 3-Dimensional Ovarian Follicle Culture System Using a Microfluidic System." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030261.

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We hypothesized that the creation of a 3-dimensional ovarian follicle, with embedded granulosa and theca cells, would better mimic the environment necessary to support early oocytes, both structurally and hormonally. Using a microfluidic system with controlled flow rates, 3-dimensional two-layer (core and shell) capsules were created. The core consists of murine granulosa cells in 0.8 mg/mL collagen + 0.05% alginate, while the shell is composed of murine theca cells suspended in 2% alginate. Somatic cell viability tests and hormonal assessments (estradiol, progesterone, and androstenedione) we

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Kaneko-Ishino, Tomoko, and Fumitoshi Ishino. "Retrovirus-Derived RTL/SIRE Genes: Their Diverse Roles in the Current Eutherian Developmental System and Contribution to Eutherian Evolution." Biomolecules 13, no. 10 (2023): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13101436.

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Eutherians have 11 retrotransposon Gag-like (RTL)/sushi-ichi retrotransposon homolog (SIRH) genes presumably derived from a certain retrovirus. Accumulating evidence indicates that the RTL/SIRH genes play a variety of roles in the current mammalian developmental system, such as in the placenta, brain, and innate immune system, in a eutherian-specific manner. It has been shown that the functional role of Paternally Expressed 10 (PEG10) in placental formation is unique to the therian mammals, as are the eutherian-specific roles of PEG10 and PEG11/RTL1 in maintaining the fetal capillary network a

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Dobolyi, Arpád, and András H. Lékó. "The insulin-like growth factor-1 system in the adult mammalian brain and its implications in central maternal adaptation." Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 52 (January 2019): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.12.002.

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W. Porges, Stephen. "LOVE: AN EMERGENT PROPERTY OF THE MAMMALIAN AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM." Psychoneuroendocrinology 23, no. 8 (1998): 837–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00057-2.

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Ullah, S., S. Ahmad, X. Guo, et al. "A review of the endocrine disrupting effects of micro and nano plastic and their associated chemicals in mammals." Frontiers in Endocrinology 13 (June 7, 2022): 1084236. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1084236.

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Over the years, the vaste expansion of plastic manufacturing has dramatically increased the environmental impact of microplastics [MPs] and nanoplastics [NPs], making them a threat to marine and terrestrial biota because they contain endocrine disrupting chemicals [EDCs] and other harmful compounds. MPs and NPs have deleteriouse impacts on mammalian endocrine components such as hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, testes, and ovaries. MPs and NPs absorb and act as a transport medium for harmful chemicals such as bisphenols, phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ether, polychlorinated biphe

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Pfaff, Donald. "Hormone-driven mechanisms in the central nervous system facilitate the analysis of mammalian behaviours." Journal of Endocrinology 184, no. 3 (2005): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.05897.

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Hormonal effects on behaviours in animals and humans are now well enough understood for general statements about causal steps to be proposed. Facilitation or repression of a given behaviour by a given hormone can depend on the person’s genetic and developmental history, on the temporal and spatial parameters of the hormone’s administration, on the hormone’s metabolism and on the specific receptor isoform available in a given neuron. The gene for oestrogen receptor-alpha is required for an entire chain of behaviours essential for reproduction, from courtship through maternal behaviours. In orde

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Ndayisaba, Alain, and Gregor K. Wenning. "Inhibition of the mammalian target or rapamycin (mTOR): a potential therapeutic strategy for multiple system atrophy." Clinical Autonomic Research 30, no. 1 (2020): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10286-019-00662-4.

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Morinaga, Hidetaka, Toshihiko Yanase, Masatoshi Nomura, et al. "A Benzimidazole Fungicide, Benomyl, and Its Metabolite, Carbendazim, Induce Aromatase Activity in a Human Ovarian Granulose-Like Tumor Cell Line (KGN)." Endocrinology 145, no. 4 (2004): 1860–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-1182.

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Abstract Endocrine disruptor chemicals are known to cause a range of abnormalities in sexual differentiation and reproduction. One mechanism underlying such effects may be via alteration of aromatase activity, which is responsible for estrogen production. A good screening system for identifying endocrine disruptors has long been desired. We have recently established a human ovarian granulosa-like tumor cell line, KGN, which possesses a relatively high level of aromatase expression and is considered a useful mammalian model for investigating the in vitro effects of various chemicals on aromatas

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Dsouki, Nuha Ahmad, Bruno Fiorelini Pereira, Roberta Goes da Silva, et al. "The Interplay of the Mammalian Brain and Thyroid Hormones, and the Threat of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals." Endocrines 5, no. 4 (2024): 501–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/endocrines5040036.

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Introduction: During the formation of neural circuits, the developing brain demonstrates extraordinary plasticity, heavily influenced by hormones. These chemical messengers interact with specific receptors to regulate vital physiological functions. The thyroid gland plays a pivotal role in maintaining hormonal balance and guiding brain development. However, emerging threats like endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with this intricate system. EDCs are exogenous substances that can mimic, enhance, or block the actions of endogenous hormones, disrupting hormonal signaling in the b

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Arregui, Lucía, and Ina Dobrinski. "Xenografting of testicular tissue pieces: 12 years of an in vivo spermatogenesis system." REPRODUCTION 148, no. 5 (2014): R71—R84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-14-0249.

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Spermatogenesis is a dynamic and complex process that involves endocrine and testicular factors. During xenotransplantation of testicular tissue fragments into immunodecifient mice, a functional communication between host brain and donor testis is established. This interaction allows for the progression of spermatogenesis and recovery of fertilisation-competent spermatozoa from a broad range of mammalian species. In the last few years, significant progress has been achieved in testis tissue xenografting that improves our knowledge about the factors determining the success of grafting. The goal

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Fusani, Leonida, Daniele Della Seta, Francesco Dessì-Fulgheri, and Francesca Farabollini. "Altered reproductive success in rat pairs after environmental-like exposure to xenoestrogen." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1618 (2007): 1631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0064.

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Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) have the capacity of altering the normal function of the endocrine system. EDCs have shown dramatic effects on the reproductive biology of aquatic wildlife and may affect human reproduction as well. Studies on EDCs in mammalian species have often investigated the effects of short-term, high doses on male and female reproductive physiology. However, it is difficult to predict from such studies the effects of EDC on populations that are exposed to very low doses throughout their life via contaminated food and water. We studied the effects of EDC on mammalian

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Usiello, Alessandro, Maria Maddalena Di Fiore, Arianna De Rosa, et al. "New Evidence on the Role of D-Aspartate Metabolism in Regulating Brain and Endocrine System Physiology: From Preclinical Observations to Clinical Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (2020): 8718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228718.

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The endogenous amino acids serine and aspartate occur at high concentrations in free D-form in mammalian organs, including the central nervous system and endocrine glands. D-serine (D-Ser) is largely localized in the forebrain structures throughout pre and postnatal life. Pharmacologically, D-Ser plays a functional role by acting as an endogenous coagonist at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Less is known about the role of free D-aspartate (D-Asp) in mammals. Notably, D-Asp has a specific temporal pattern of occurrence. In fact, free D-Asp is abundant during prenatal life and decreases

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Rider, Sebastien A., Linda J. Mullins, Rachel F. Verdon, Calum A. MacRae, and John J. Mullins. "Renin expression in developing zebrafish is associated with angiogenesis and requires the Notch pathway and endothelium." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 309, no. 6 (2015): F531—F539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00247.2015.

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Although renin is a critical regulatory enzyme of the cardiovascular system, its roles in organogenesis and the establishment of cardiovascular homeostasis remain unclear. Mammalian renin-expressing cells are widespread in embryonic kidneys but are highly restricted, specialized endocrine cells in adults. With a functional pronephros, embryonic zebrafish are ideal for delineating the developmental functions of renin-expressing cells and the mechanisms governing renin transcription. Larval zebrafish renin expression originates in the mural cells of the juxtaglomerular anterior mesenteric artery

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Kopylov, Arthur T., Kristina A. Malsagova, Alexander A. Stepanov, and Anna L. Kaysheva. "Diversity of Plant Sterols Metabolism: The Impact on Human Health, Sport, and Accumulation of Contaminating Sterols." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (2021): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051623.

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The way of plant sterols transformation and their benefits for humans is still a question under the massive continuing revision. In fact, there are no receptors for binding with sterols in mammalians. However, possible biotransformation to steroids that can be catalyzed by gastro-intestinal microflora, microbial cells in prebiotics or cytochromes system were repeatedly reported. Some products of sterols metabolization are capable to imitate resident human steroids and compete with them for the binding with corresponding receptors, thus affecting endocrine balance and entire physiology conditio

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Wiedemann, K., C. Lauer, T. Pollmacher, and F. Holsboer. "Sleep endocrine effects of antigluco- and antimineralocorticoids in healthy males." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 267, no. 1 (1994): E109—E114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1994.267.1.e109.

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In several mammalian species the responsiveness of brain neurons to corticosteroids is mediated by mineralo- (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors. These receptors play a key role not only in the endocrine adaptation to stress but also in corticosteroid-induced changes of behavior, including sleep. We further explored the specific physiological role of this binary receptor system in the human brain by studying electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep and changes in plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and growth hormone from 1800 to 0700 h in a series of investigatio

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Andrés, Celia María Curieses, José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra, Celia Andrés Juan, Francisco J. Plou, and Eduardo Pérez-Lebeña. "Chemistry of Hydrogen Sulfide—Pathological and Physiological Functions in Mammalian Cells." Cells 12, no. 23 (2023): 2684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12232684.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was recognized as a gaseous signaling molecule, similar to nitric oxide (-NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the formation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the human body. H2S is synthesized by enzymatic processes involving cysteine and several enzymes, including cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), cysteine aminotransferase (CAT), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) and D-amino acid oxidase (DAO). The physiological and pathological effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on various systems in the human

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Jarmołowicz, Sylwia, Krystyna Demska-Zakęś, and Zdzisław Zakęś. "Impact of di-n-butyl phthalate on reproductive system development in European pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)." Acta Veterinaria Brno 82, no. 2 (2013): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201382020197.

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Phthalic acid, di-n-butyl ester known as di-n-butyl phthalate, is an organic chemical compound that belongs to the group of endocrine disruptor compounds that have a documented negative impact on mammalian endocrine systems. Di-n-butyl phthalate is used widely as a plasticizer in the manufacture of artificial materials, which is why it is found in all types of environmental samples including those from water basins. The aim of the study was to describe the impact of di-n-butyl phthalate on the development of the reproductive system of European pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) during the sex diffe

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Freamat, Mihael, and Stacia A. Sower. "A sea lamprey glycoprotein hormone receptor similar with gnathostome thyrotropin hormone receptor." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 41, no. 4 (2008): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme-08-0030.

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The specificity of the vertebrate hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axes is explained by the evolutionary refinement of the specificity of expression and selectivity of interaction between the glycoprotein hormones GpH (FSH, LH, and TSH) and their cognate receptors GpH-R (FSH-R, LH-R, and TSH-R). These two finely tuned signaling pathways evolved by gene duplication and functional divergence from an ancestral GpH/GpH-R pair. Comparative analysis of the protochordate and gnathostome endocrine systems suggests that this process took place prior or concomitantly wit

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Sharma, Diksha, Bhumi Ruhi, and Deepika Bhatia. "ANIMAL MODELS AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME: A REVIEW." INDIAN DRUGS 61, no. 09 (2024): 7–20. https://doi.org/10.53879/id.61.09.14433.

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Ensuring the well-being of reproductive system is crucial for overall bodily health. Currently, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has emerged as a significant health concern among women in their reproductive age. It is an endocrine disorder characterized by irregular menstrual cycle, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism and anovulation in women. In - depth exploration of the literature was conducted through comprehensive searches across various online databases, texts, websites and theses. This review aims to provide information about the dose/route, structure and mechanism of various agents. We elabo

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Huising, Mark O., Lieke M. van der Aa, Juriaan R. Metz, Aurélia de Fátima Mazon, B. M. Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade, and Gert Flik. "Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF-binding protein expression in and release from the head kidney of common carp: evolutionary conservation of the adrenal CRF system." Journal of Endocrinology 193, no. 3 (2007): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-07-0070.

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Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a central role in the regulation of the stress axis. In mammals, CRF as well as its receptors and its CRF-binding protein (CRF-BP) are expressed in a variety of organs and tissues outside the central nervous system. One of these extrahypothalamic sites is the adrenal gland, where the paracrine actions of adrenal CRF influence cortical steroidogenesis and adrenal blood flow. Although the central role of CRF signaling in the initiation and regulation of the stress response has now been established throughout vertebrates, information about the possible p

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Tai, Yu-Ling, Chun-Jung Lin, Tsai-Kun Li, Tang-Long Shen, Jer-Tsong Hsieh, and Benjamin P. C. Chen. "The role of extracellular vesicles in prostate cancer with clinical applications." Endocrine-Related Cancer 27, no. 5 (2020): R133—R144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-20-0021.

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In mammalian cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the endosomal system carry many different kinds of bioactive molecule to deliver to recipient cells in a paracrine or endocrine manner. EVs can mediate local and systemic intercellular communications, including reeducating stromal cells, remodeling the architecture of the tumor microenvironment, modulating cancer metabolism and metastases, or even conferring drug resistance. Because the molecular and functional characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) evolve over time, the bioactive molecule profiles/signatures of tumor-derived EVs

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Reynolds, Bruno, Pietro Roversi, Robert Laynes, Shubana Kazi, C. A. Richard Boyd, and Deborah C. I. Goberdhan. "Drosophila expresses a CD98 transporter with an evolutionarily conserved structure and amino acid-transport properties." Biochemical Journal 420, no. 3 (2009): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20082198.

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Mammalian CD98 heterodimeric amino acid transporters consist of a promiscuous single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, CD98hc (CD98 heavy chain), and one of six multipass transmembrane proteins or ‘light chains’. The heterodimeric complexes of CD98hc and the light chains LAT1 (L-type amino acid transporter 1) or LAT2 specifically promote sodium-independent System L exchange of neutral amino acids, including leucine. CD98hc is also implicated in other processes, including cell fusion, cell adhesion and activation of TOR (target of rapamycin) signalling. Surprisingly, recent reports suggested tha

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Klaus, Susanne, Carla Igual Gil, and Mario Ost. "Regulation of diurnal energy balance by mitokines." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 78, no. 7 (2021): 3369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-020-03748-9.

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AbstractThe mammalian system of energy balance regulation is intrinsically rhythmic with diurnal oscillations of behavioral and metabolic traits according to the 24 h day/night cycle, driven by cellular circadian clocks and synchronized by environmental or internal cues such as metabolites and hormones associated with feeding rhythms. Mitochondria are crucial organelles for cellular energy generation and their biology is largely under the control of the circadian system. Whether mitochondrial status might also feed-back on the circadian system, possibly via mitokines that are induced by mitoch

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