Thèses sur le sujet « Maquette Numérique »
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Kheddouci, Fawzi. « L'archivage à long terme de la maquette numérique 3D annotée ». Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/648/1/KHEDDOUCI_Fawzi.pdf.
Texte intégralGhaderi, Sahar. « Du chantier à la maquette numérique : architecture, archéologie et informatique : débat et communication ». Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070010.
Texte intégralThe use and practice of infographic restitutions in the field of built-up material vestiges has always been an important foundation in research and scientific experiments. This thesis questions the role of digital models from the excavation to representation of research results. The main body of this thesis cornes from interviews with and discussions of several groups of experts. Research in the field of archaeological and virtual reconstruction of ancient buildings gathers researchers from a variety of professions and possessing different sets of skills. Among them, professional abilities of three groups (the architect, the archaeologist and the IT expert) have been discussed. For the public, the virtual reconstitution of digital models using computers can guarantee and lead to a suitable representation in exhibitions. This thesis is based on four approaches: a bibliographic approach, interviews with experts, a public survey and the analysis of case studies. Suggestions which may improve the nnultidisciplinary work are: to utilise results from source analysis, conduct interviews and surveys to understand the expectations of each nominated groups, finding the possible ways of interacting between these experts and proposing the potential solutions. We are interested in aligning the expectations of those expert groups through these digital models. These approaches will also involve the use of digital models in the form of representation and museum devices in exhibition spaces. In this context, the concept of digital model can lead to the basis for exchange and communication of ideas
Li, Bo. « L'interface multi-utilisateur pour le travail collaboratif avec les multiples représentations de la maquette numérique ». Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0065/document.
Texte intégralThe current industrial management tools generally rely on Concurrent Engineering, which involves conducting Product Lifecycle Management stages in parallel and integrating technical data for sharing across different experts. Various experts use domain-specific software to produce various data into Digital mock-up. These multidisciplinary experts have trends to work collaboratively during product development. During co-located synchronous collaborative design activities, such as project review and decision-making, experts from different domains must discuss, negotiate, and compromise to solve multidisciplinary differences. Many areas, such as early collaborative design and multi-expert product evaluation, have a great demand for new collaborative support tools. With the development of Human Computer Interaction, it is possible to devise more intuitive tools to enhance co-located collaboration across experts.In this thesis, to enhance the collaboration with experts on different domains to communicate with DMU, a multi-user interface across users with different representations during a collaborative work has been taken into consideration and its influence on co-located multidisciplinary collaboration is investigated. A schema of the methodology for evaluating the contribution to a multi-user system and the multiple users’ experiences is proposed. Results of experiments show the significances of the efficiency of task, the usability of interface, and the performance of collaboration during the use of multi-user CHI in multidisciplinary collaborative scenarios. The contributions of what multi-user interface brings to the design criteria of multi-user interface and multi-user co-located collaboration are discussed
Venne, Frédérick. « Capture des annotations au sein de la maquette numérique en développement de produits aéronautiques ». Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/88/1/VENNE_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rick.pdf.
Texte intégralMerlhiot, Xavier. « Une contribution algorithmique aux outils de simulation mécanique interactive pour la maquette numérique industrielle ». Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066746.
Texte intégralDrieux, Guillaume. « De la maquette numérique produit vers ses applications aval : propositions de modèles et procédés associés ». Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0201.
Texte intégralDesigning a product is a complex process involving the use of numerical tools, such as the Digital Mock-Up (DMU), which is a 3D representation of the product being designed. It is used as a basis for its geometric and organizational definitions of the product. The so called Downstream Applications (e. G. Simulation) rely on geometric models extracted from the DMU which require to be adapted to the objectives, needs and constraints of the targeted application. The integration of downstream applications with design can only be achieved if such models, extracted from the DMU, are made available, in an efficient and controlled manner. Based on a deep analysis of the industrial context, the use of the DMU and the role of its downstream applications, this work proposes models and methods for the representation and management of such models. A set of operators and associated processes are also proposed. The industrial context of EADS being prominent in this work, various projects involving the use of these concepts and ta ken as use-cases are described and analyzed afterwards
Cristia, Emilien. « Projet architectural et maquette numérique BIM : enquête ethnographique au sein d'un grand projet de construction ». Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC037.
Texte intégralThe BIM approach has become a necessity for the building sector involving the realization of a new technical object : the digital model. The research is focused on the new manufacturing of this object and its praticals effects on the way to build, the reconfiguration of coordination practices and collective design between construction professionals. We also attempted to draw a new definition of theoretical boundaries of the architectural project. Our work is based on an ethnographic investigation carried out within a Major School Project recognized for its strong involvement in the BIM process. The investigation takes place on the heart of the construction phase of this project, during the execution summary meetings, between actors and objects. The analysis of this material mainly composed by observations and interviews carried out with the project stakeholders allows us to understand the different practical reorganizations linked to the collective production of this new digital model. This work also allows us to outline the perspectives of new digital project practices and to prefigure a theoretical evolution of the limits of the traditional architectural project
Martin, Hugo. « Maquette numérique 3D pour la construction : visualiser les connaissances métier et interagir avec des dispositifs immersifs ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV125/document.
Texte intégralThe construction show a lack of efficiency to compare to other industries. This is explained by the insufficiency to computerize the design of building. In answer, the world of architecture set up a new process called BIM (Building Information Modeling). This process is based on a3D virtual mock up containing every information needed for the construction. During the implementation of this process, difficulties of interaction has been noted by the BIM users.BIM models are hard to observe and manage, explained by the fact that these models contain a large amount of information. Moreover, the collaborative idea of the BIM is not considered in the actual method. BIM process proposes the same scheme for all the construction profile. This thesis proposes an adapted methodology of interaction for the inspection of architectural projects, using artificial intelligence tools or more particularly virtual reality technologies. The purpose is to offer an adapted environment, considering the profile of each BIM user, while keeping the actual design method. Firstly, this document describes the creation of virtual reality rooms dedicated to the construction. Secondly, it deals with the development of algorithms allowing the classification of components from BIM model, an adaptive system of visualization and a process to handle the model. These development are based on the consideration of the profile of the user, the trade of the user
Arthaud, Geoffrey. « Apports de modèles de comparaison structurelle et sémantique à la synchronisation de la maquette numérique de construction ». Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004854.
Texte intégralMacher, Hélène. « Du nuage de points à la maquette numérique de bâtiment : reconstruction 3D semi-automatique de bâtiments existants ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD006/document.
Texte intégralThe creation of an as-built BIM requires the acquisition of the as-is conditions of existing buildings. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is widely used to achieve this goal. Indeed, laser scanners permit to collect information about object geometry in form of point clouds. They provide a large amount of accurate data in a very fast way and with a high level of details. Unfortunately, the scan-to-BIM process remains currently largely a manual process because of the huge amount of data and because of processes, which are difficult to automate. It is time consuming and error-prone. A key challenge today is thus to automate the process leading to 3D reconstruction of existing buildings from point clouds. The aim of this thesis is to develop a processing chain to extract the maximum amount of information from a building point cloud in order to integrate the result in a BIM software
Gaston, Laurence. « Simulation numérique par éléments finis bidimensionnels du remplissage de moules de fonderie et étude experimentale sur maquette hydraulique ». ENSMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMP0741.
Texte intégralThis work deals with the numerical simulation of unsteady free surface flows of incompressible viscous fluids with the finite element method. In order to overcome the limitations due to both purely Eulerian and purely Lagrangian approaches, an intermediate ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) formulation is proposed : at each time increment, the mechanical equilibrium (incompressible Navier-Stokes equations) is solved on the fluid domain, after time and space discretization. At the same time, a mesh velocity is computed using a regularization technique that enables to keep the mesh as near as possible to the optimum and respects the material flux. The thermal equilibrium is solved in an uncoupled way, and turbulent effects, if present, are taken into account via a standard k-Є model. The resulting filling software has been validated on various classical test cases, and succesfully compared to results of metal flows on an instrumented mould. In addition, hydraulic experiments on a transparent model have shown the ability of the present approach to describe free surface evolutions in complex geometries, such as those encoutered in casting
Guiu, Emeline. « Etalonnage de la mission spatiale MICROSCOPE : optimisation des performances ». Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2156.
Texte intégralThe objective ot the MICROSCOPE mission is to verify the Equivalence Principle to a precision never archieved before. The test is based on the precise measurement of a gravitational signal by a differential electrostatic accelerometer on board a microsatellite in free fall. The knowledge of certain inertial or dimensional instrument parameters is crucial for the precision of the calculation, but these parameters cannot be measured on ground with the precision required. Certain procedures are thus planned to determine their exact values in orbit, during a calibration phase preceding the test campaign. As the flight instument cannot function on ground, the procedures must be validated by a computer simulation. The work described in this thesis consists in a proposal of a set of calibration procedures, and the development of a simulation to validate it. The first step of the approach consists in establishing the equations for the satellite dynamics, including the continuous attitude control and drag compensation. The analysis of this model allows the determination of which parameters must be calibrated and then the development of a set of specifications to guarantee their impact on the calibrated measurement is less than the desired precision. The calibration procedures are then designed to identify each paramater, which includes the measurement acquisition scenarios but also the protocols for the data processing. Due to the high precision required, the scenarios are specific and the data processing is inspired by the methods of calculation by intervals. Finally, a detailed simulation of the instrument and its environment is developed to validate the proposed procedures
Poullain, Philippe. « Étude comparative de l'écoulement d'un fluide viscoplastique dans une maquette de malaxeurs pour bétons : PIV, IRM et simulation numérique ». Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2094.
Texte intégralMixing is a crucial step of concrete production, which has been studied a little until now. Studies have already been carried out to determine the influence of mixing parameters. It seems that the cement destruction and spreading occurs during the last phase of mixing which can be described as the laminar flow of a viscoplastic fluid in a vessel. This study aims at identifying the parameters acting on such a flow in a concrete mixer model, using viscoplastic single phase fluids. Several means of measurement have been used : PIV and NMR velocimetry. The experimental results have then been compared to those calculated using a CFD software. This comparison has shown that CFD is able to calculate the flow of viscoplastic fluids. Then, CFD has been used to simulate the flow of viscoplastic fluids for various mixing conditions. It was then shown that Bingham number has a great influence on the flow and that Reynolds number as a secondary role
Gauffre, Marie-Charlotte. « Simulation numérique des écoulements diphasiques 3D instationnaires au cours du remplissage d'une maquette expérimentale eau / air du dôme LOX d'un moteur-fusée ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0050.
Texte intégralNew generation cryogenic upper-stage rocket engines are planned to be restartable during the orbit mission. The re-ignition of the engine is particularly difficult in space flight conditions. The engine contains a LOX dome fed with liquid oxygen (LOX) supplied by a bushel valve through a pipe. The gas / liquid mixture forming in the dome is injected into the combustion chamber through a number of injectors. Therefore the two-phase flow distribution at injectors outlet carries a real importance in terms of the ignition from the opening to the closing phases of the main valve. These flight conditions are of paramount importance, however, they are truly difficult to reproduce by experimental ground tests. In the framework of these studies, a research program set up by CNES (the French Space Agency) and SAFRAN Snecma, tries to study the LOX dome filling, through experiments and numerical studies. The aim is to identify the phenomena at sake to know the limit conditions at injectors, which will determine the ignition stage in the combustion chamber. Experiments are carried out at LEGI (Geophysical and Industrial Flows Laboratory in Grenoble) with substitution fluids (air and water), without heat and mass transfer on a rocket engine mockup. The work presented here, conducted at IMFT (Fluid Mechanics Institute in Toulouse), intends to reproduce the experimental results using incompressible two-phase flow simulations. The geometry used is representative of the experimental mockup composed of a feeding pipe, a dome, an igniter pipe and injectors. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of a 3D unsteady two-phase flow calculation with the industrial code NEPTUNE_CFD, to simulate the LOX dome filling of the rocket engine, by taking into account the real geometry and the preponderant physical phenomena. The comparison of the predictions with the experimental results is carried out in order to estimate the code capability to predict the flow behavior, according to available closure laws. Finally, several sensitivity studies on the closure laws have been conducted to assess their influence on the numerical results. An important work has been carried out to obtain the proper inlet conditions to be imposed in the code in coherence with the experiments. Studies have equally been conducted on an isolated injector
Busayarat, Chawee. « La maquette numérique comme support pour la recherche visuelle d’informations patrimoniales : définition d’une approche pour la sémantisation de sources iconographiques par référencement spatial ». Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENAM0060.
Texte intégralThe collection, the organization and the search for iconographic sources are certainly a main issue within the communities that are interested in the study, the conservation and the valorization of the architectural heritage. The organization and the structuring of these resources are an important problem if for researcher involved into the design of tomorrow's digital archives. Today, the most used method to classify and search iconographic contents within a database is the key words-based search. Nevertheless, the association between the research topics and the contents of images is not entirely developed. In particular, in the field of architectural documentation, according to the degree of complexity (in terms of wealth of information) and the heterogeneity (in terms of variety of supports and techniques of execution) of iconographic sources (photographs, drawings, paintings, etc), existing solutions for semantic annotation of images are ineffective. This thesis starts from the assumption that the interactive 3D model interactive can be an important support to access at the heritage information. In this direction, this work focuses on the use of the building's morphology representation as primary source to distribute/propagate semantic attributes on the whole of the iconographic sources (the 2D representations), which are under a condition of geometrical/spatial coherence with its three-dimensional model. A semantic description model (structuring the whole of terms which can describe the morphology of a building) is then used as common denominator in order to establish relations between the 3D representation of the architectural shapes that compose the building and the corresponding iconographic sources (collection of segmented 2D images). This work led to the definition and the development of an information system allowing visually search, within a 3D model, iconographic sources according to spatial, morphological and semantic criteria. This system is a Web application is usable by specialists in the field of architectural documentation as by the general public
El, Asmi Emira. « Un environnement méthodologique et logiciel pour l'interopérabilité de la maquette numérique du bâtiment et de la simulation énergétique : application à la réglementation thermique RT2012 ». Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080051.
Texte intégralEnergy performance analysis of new buildings strongly relies on simulation tools. They optimize the design by facilitating building performance analysis during the design phase. However, there are several limitations, among which one of the main is the lack of reliable connections between Computer Aided Design (CAD) and simulation tools. This is particularly critical at a time when the concept of Building Information Model (BIM) is widely applied and the CAD models are becoming richer.This thesis proposes to take advantage of the potential of BIM in order to contribute to emerging approaches for a reliable and seamless interconnection between building information models and simulation environment input files. This would result into significant benefits, both from the cost-effectiveness (analysis is performed more effectively) and the reliability (simulation models strictly comply with design models) points of view. However, to implement such approaches, several barriers have to be considered. The first is the need for a common, standardized BIM language. The second is the definition of adequate and standardized extension mechanisms, to customize BIM for simulation-specific purposes. The third is the provision of software tools, for effective and reliable BIM to simulation models transformation.The first barrier is likely to be overcome through the advent of the buildingSMART Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), which is widely recognized as a standard BIM exchange format in the construction industry. However, with respect to the second barrier, the IFC remains a wide-purpose modelling language and as such, fails to address many domain-specific issues, like e.g. energy simulation. This limitation has been acknowledged by buildingSMART, who have delivered novel methodological tools to allow for domain-specific customization of IFC. The main one is called the Information Delivery Manual (IDM). The aim of our work is the implementation and evaluation the BuildingSMART framework IDM/MVD to interconnect BIM (IFC) and energy simulation. This study led us to propose a pivotal model (BSM for « Building Simulation Model») based on an analogy with model driven engineering approaches. We also have developed a software prototype, which includes a set of mapping rules that automates the translation process between the IFC model and the simulation tool. In the scope of this study, we targeted the COMETH simulation tool (a simulation engine based on the French thermal regulation RT2012) but our results can easily be extended to additional tools
Lott, Christophe. « Filtrage actif parallèle des harmoniques de courant sur des réseaux industriels : étude théorique et réalisation d'une maquette à GTO ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL116N.
Texte intégralPaillot, Damien. « Gestion de données pour la visualisation de maquettes numériques en environnement virtuel immersif : application au design automobile ». Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001563.
Texte intégralVosgien, Thomas. « Ingénierie systèmes basée sur les modèles appliquée à la gestion et l'intégration des données de conception et de simulation : application aux métiers d'intégration et de simulation de systèmes aéronautiques complexes ». Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0011/document.
Texte intégralThe aim of this doctoral thesis is to contribute to the facilitation of design, integration and simulation activities in the aeronautics industry, but more generally in the context of collaborative complex product development. This objective is expected to be achieved through the use and improvement of digital engineering capabilities. During the last decade, the Digital Mock-Up (DMU) – supported by Product Data Management (PDM) systems – became a key federating environment to exchange/share a common 3D CAD model-based product definition between co-designers. It enables designers and downstream users(analysts) to access the geometry of the product assembly. While enhancing 3D and 2D simulations in a collaborative and distributed design process, the DMU offers new perspectives for analysts to retrieve the appropriate CAD data inputs used for Finite Element Analysis (FEA), permitting hence to speed-up the simulation preparation process. However, current industrial DMUs suffer from several limitations, such as the lack of flexibility in terms of content and structure, the lack of digital interface objects describing the relationships between its components and a lack of integration with simulation activities and data.This PhD underlines the DMU transformations required to provide adapted DMUs that can be used as direct input for large assembly FEA. These transformations must be consistent with the simulation context and objectives and lead to the concept of “Product View” applied to DMUs andto the concept of “Behavioural Mock-Up” (BMU). A product view defines the link between a product representation and the activity or process (performed by at least one stakeholder) that use or generate this representation as input or output respectively. The BMU is the equivalent of the DMU for simulation data and processes. Beyond the geometry, which is represented in the DMU,the so-called BMU should logically link all data and models that are required to simulate the physical behaviour and properties of a single component or an assembly of components. The key enabler for achieving the target of extending the concept of the established CAD-based DMU to the behavioural CAE-based BMU is to find a bi-directional interfacing concept between the BMU and its associated DMU. This the aim of the Design-Analysis System Integration Framework (DASIF) proposed in this PhD. This framework might be implemented within PLM/SLM environments and interoperate with both CAD-DMU and CAE-BMU environments. DASIF combines configuration data management capabilities of PDM systems with MBSE system modelling concepts and Simulation Data Management capabilities.This PhD has been carried out within a European research project: the CRESCENDO project, which aims at delivering the Behavioural Digital Aircraft (BDA). The BDA concept might consist in a collaborative data exchange/sharing platform for design-simulation processes and models throughout the development life cycle of aeronautics products. Within this project, the Product Integration Scenario and related methodology have been defined to handle digital integration chains and to provide a test case scenario for testing DASIF concepts. These latter have been used to specify and develop a prototype of an “Integrator Dedicated Environment” implemented in commercial PLM/SLM applications. Finally the DASIF conceptual data model has also served as input for contributing to the definition of the Behavioural Digital Aircraft Business Object Model: the standardized data model of the BDA platform enabling interoperability between heterogeneous PLM/SLM applications and to which existing local design environments and new services to be developed could plug
Tichadou, Stéphane, et Stéphane Tichadou. « Modélisation et quantification tridimensionnelles des écarts de fabrication pour la simulation d'usinage ». Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00456836.
Texte intégralSocoliuc, Michel. « Introduction et analyse des schémas de cotation en avance de phase ». Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00534810.
Texte intégralBoulch, Alexandre. « Reconstruction automatique de maquettes numériques 3D ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1099/document.
Texte intégralThe interest for digital models in the building industry is growing rapidly. These centralize all the information concerning the building and facilitate communication between the players of construction : cost evaluation, physical simulations, virtual presentations, building lifecycle management, site supervision, etc. Although building models now tend to be used for large projects of new constructions, there is no such models for existing building. In particular, old buildings do not enjoy digital 3D model and information whereas they would benefit the most from them, e.g., to plan cost-effective renovation that achieves good thermal performance. Such 3D models are reconstructed from the real building. Lately a number of automatic reconstruction methods have been developed either from laser or photogrammetric data. Lasers are precise and produce dense point clouds. Their price have greatly reduced in the past few years, making them affordable for industries. Photogrammetry, often less precise and failing in uniform regions (e.g. bare walls), is a lot cheaper than the lasers. However most approaches only reconstruct a surface from point clouds, not a semantically rich building model. A building information model is the alliance of a geometry and a semantics for the scene elements. The main objective of this thesis is to define a framework for digital model production regarding both geometry and semantic, using point clouds as an entry. The reconstruction process is divided in four parts, gradually enriching information, from the points to the final digital mockup. First, we define a normal estimator for unstructured point clouds based on a robust Hough transform. It allows to estimate accurate normals, even near sharp edges and corners, and deals with the anisotropy inherent to laser scans. Then, primitives such as planes are extracted from the point cloud. To avoid over-segmentation issues, we develop a general and robust statistical criterion for shape merging. It only requires a distance function from points to shapes. A piecewise-planar surface is then reconstructed. Planes hypothesis for visible and hidden parts of the scene are inserted in a 3D plane arrangement. Cells of the arrangement are labelled full or empty using a new regularization on corner count and edge length. A linear formulation allow us to efficiently solve this labelling problem with a continuous relaxation. Finally, we propose an approach based on constrained attribute grammars for 3D model semantization. This method is entirely bottom-up. We prevent the possible combinatorial explosion by introducing maximal operators and an order on variable instantiation
Stefani, Chiara. « Maquettes numériques spatio-temporelles d'édifices patrimoniaux : maquettes numériques spatio-temporelles d'édifices patrimoniaux. Modélisation de la dimension temporelle et multi-restitutions d'édifices ». Phd thesis, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00522122.
Texte intégralKurdy, Micheline. « Outils numériques et Archéologie du bâti - Acquisition, gestion et représentation de données 3D : Deux cas d’étude : Le site de Saint-Syméon (Syrie) Et L’abbaye de Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa (France) ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3040.
Texte intégralNowadays, the heritage architectural studies benefit of the contributions of diverse digital methods and open new perspectives for the conservation, the analyses and the knowledge sharing especially on complex sites. Those new tools and techniques have become common and very useful presently, but how much they become common or indispensable for architectural and archeological studies? How do they fit into the different phases of the research work?We will discuss these principal questions by working mainly on two experimented sites, the site of Saint-Simeon the stylite in Syria and the abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa in France. The methodology used for the analysis and the elevation restoration is based on the digital tools and acquisition techniques and of three-dimensional information management and also on their setting relation with archaeological issues to build a dialogue between these two domains. Based on this reflection, we have developed a work protocol in scale of monographic study of a specific building in Saint Simeon site “the Residence”. This research is based on a combination of digital tools applied on this building for its analysis and by using them as a privileged instrument to support archaeological reflection, not an end in itself.The main contribution of this thesis focuses on the methodology and the ethics of the use of 3D digital service in archaeological approach, from the filed acquisition till the restitution representations. This approach highlights several axes, dynamism and interactivity of the work, the multidisciplinary and the collectivity context, the objective of documentation and diffusion
Ben, Abdallah Hamdi. « Inspection d'assemblages aéronautiques par vision 2D/3D en exploitant la maquette numérique et la pose estimée en temps réel Three-dimensional point cloud analysis for automatic inspection of complex aeronautical mechanical assemblies Automatic inspection of aeronautical mechanical assemblies by matching the 3D CAD model and real 2D images ». Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0001.
Texte intégralThis thesis makes part of a research aimed towards innovative digital tools for the service of what is commonly referred to as Factory of the Future. Our work was conducted in the scope of the joint research laboratory "Inspection 4.0" founded by IMT Mines Albi/ICA and the company DIOTA specialized in the development of numerical tools for Industry 4.0. In the thesis, we were interested in the development of systems exploiting 2D images or (and) 3D point clouds for the automatic inspection of complex aeronautical mechanical assemblies (typically an aircraft engine). The CAD (Computer Aided Design) model of the assembly is at our disposal and our task is to verify that the assembly has been correctly assembled, i.e. that all the elements constituting the assembly are present in the right position and at the right place. The CAD model serves as a reference. We have developed two inspection scenarios that exploit the inspection systems designed and implemented by DIOTA: (1) a scenario based on a tablet equipped with a camera, carried by a human operator for real-time interactive control, (2) a scenario based on a robot equipped with sensors (two cameras and a 3D scanner) for fully automatic control. In both scenarios, a so-called localisation camera provides in real-time the pose between the CAD model and the sensors (which allows to directly link the 3D digital model with the 2D images or the 3D point clouds analysed). We first developed 2D inspection methods, based solely on the analysis of 2D images. Then, for certain types of inspection that could not be performed by using 2D images only (typically requiring the measurement of 3D distances), we developed 3D inspection methods based on the analysis of 3D point clouds. For the 3D inspection of electrical cables, we proposed an original method for segmenting a cable within a point cloud. We have also tackled the problem of automatic selection of best view point, which allows the inspection sensor to be placed in an optimal observation position. The developed methods have been validated on many industrial cases. Some of the inspection algorithms developed during this thesis have been integrated into the DIOTA Inspect© software and are used daily by DIOTA's customers to perform inspections on industrial sites
Bruneau, Marina. « Une méthodologie de Reverse Engineering à partir de données hétérogènes pour les pièces et assemblages mécaniques ». Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2267/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis deals with a methodology of Reverse Engineering (RE) of mechanical assemblies from heterogeneous data in a routine context. This activity consists, from the existing data of a part or an assembly, in rebuilding their digital mock-up. The data used in entrance of our process of RE can be drawings, photos, points clouds or another existing version of the digital mock-up. The proposed approach, called Heterogeneous Data Integration for Reverse Engineering (HDI-RE), is divided into three steps : the segmentation, the signature and the comparison of the initial data with a knowledge database. The signatures of the studied object are compared with the signatures of the same type existing in the database in order to extract components ordered by similarity (distance with the object). The parameterized digital mock-up which is the most similar to the object is then extracted and its parameters identified from the initial data. Data set processing, called "heterogeneous" data, requires a solution which is able to manage on one hand, the heterogeneousness of the data and the information which they contain and on the other hand, the incompleteness of some data which are in link with the noise (into points cloud) or with the technology used to digitize the assembly (ex: scanner or photography)
Souffez, Jean-Marie. « Partitionnement et simplification de maillages pour l'analyse temps-réel de maquettes numériques ». Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S047.
Texte intégralWacta, Christine. « Vers la "ville neuro-prothétique" du futur : une maquette numérique de ville renseignée comme plateforme d’échange et de croisement d’applications intégrant des données en temps réel et sur un support topographique de référence permettant une approche urbaine holistique qui intègre pleinement les questions socio- culturelles, économiques, politiques et environnementales nécessaires dans une conception urbaine de ville intelligente : l’approche Géo Spatiale appliquée à l’urbain ». Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=3960&f=25139.
Texte intégralThe question of urban design of the future is one of the important and critical issues of our society. The global warming, the biodiversity at risk, the economic/social/cultural transitions, the predictions of a significant increase in the urban population, the changes in transportation patterns, and changes in urban forms, to quote only a few... All these questions are at the heart of current issues and are part of the constraints we must face in the urban design of tomorrow. Faced with such a situation, it seems risky today to continue to think of the city with approaches or design processes that are based on yesterday’s realities. As Albert Einstein puts it, "we cannot solve our problems using the same way of thinking that we had when we created them". The environmental issues (global warming, biodiversity, etc ...) are factors of vulnerability in the current city in such a way that it is generally accepted (ScienceNet) that built environments must now , more than in the past, be designed in a way that is "respectful of the environment ". We are encouraged to develop a socially responsible and "environmentally friendly" mentality, an approach that looks beyond the immediate and individual interest to achieving stable, long-term common goals. This is only possible if we use and intelligently and fairly all the resources at our disposal, in this case our knowledge, the natural resources, the socio-economic, the geographical as well as the technological advancements. Because, if technology and digital have become of common daily used by the citizens, urban design and architectural disciplines seems however to have a hard time integrating it completely in an intelligent and systemic way as do today other disciplines such as medicine and aeronautics...This work tries to develop a methodology of urban design based on a combination of digital applications, the effort of a collective intelligence as well as ideas, concepts and techniques proposed by a handful of philosophers, historians, psychologists, architects, town planners above mentioned who marked the history of cities. It is therefore from this heterogeneous marriage of techniques and thoughts augmented by recent geospatial technologies that this research intends to base its point of view on the study of urban complexity in order to try to cope with urban problems in constant form. evolution
Bouattour, Mohamed. « Assistance à la conception coopérative fondée sur la sémantique des ouvrages : application au domaine du bois ». Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086596.
Texte intégraldomaine du bâtiment résulte de la complexité même du travail coopératif (difficultés de
traçabilité des actions, non-disposition sur chaque document de l'ensemble des
informations requises pour accomplir une tâche donnée, problèmes de coordination,
‘discontinuité' des données, etc.). En considérant cet état de fait, nous proposons une étude
des activités liées au travail de groupe dans le cadre de projets de conception de bâtiments,
et plus spécifiquement dans le domaine du bois qui nécessite une importante coopération
entre les concepteurs. Cette étude présente ensuite le concept de projet numérique déduit de
l'analyse du modèle des IFC ‘Industry Foundation Classes' et de l'approche de coopération
basée sur l'utilisation de la maquette numérique dans les secteurs de l'industrie automobile
et aéronautique. En effet, l'échange des données basé sur l'utilisation des objets
interopérables constitue une approche nouvelle à approfondir dans le domaine du bâtiment.
Ainsi, afin de concevoir un environnement virtuel coopératif regroupant ces notions
étudiées, nous proposons un modèle tenant compte des informations sémantiques relatives
aux ouvrages échangés par les acteurs. Nous avons mis en œuvre celui-ci dans une
interface d'un système coopératif. Cet outil prototype offre une représentation graphique
d'un contexte coopératif de projet favorisant l'organisation et le regroupement des
informations nécessaires à la conception de bâtiments.
Bakiri, Redouane. « Design des services : concepts, pratiques innovantes et maquettage numérique du service après-vente Renault ». Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1636.
Texte intégralValue creation and quality strengthening in the automotive industry are no longer limited to supply marketable innovative cars with shortened lead-times but have to be extended gradually to efficient design of associated services such as extended warranties and after sale services. `This thesis defined Service Design as a Concept Service Design, Service Process Design and Production Service Design. It tackles more deeply with the Renault After Sale Service Process Design and proposes a new innovative aided design approach based on Business Process Modelling, flow simulation, CAD and 3D Visualisation in order to foster what-if scenarios and collaboration within all the professionals ( marketers, quality experts, logisticians CAD specialists, IT professionals and top managers). The aim of this « Service Digital Mock up » or « Computer Service Aided design » is to decrease design costs, leverage quality and help define objectives, quality norms ( service time, waiting time, resource workload, dedicated areas and layout) and select mutually the best compromises. Besides, this thesis show how Process Design can impact designing new Services Offers and how Service production with the clients can be described by behavorial simulation. Finally, it characterizes the after sale logistics and define some ways of improvement for the Information System Design
Vial, Laurence. « Ecoulements dans des modèles des voies aériennes proximales provenant de l' imagerie médicale ». Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066556.
Texte intégralFribault, Pascale. « Modélisation déclarative d'espaces habitables ». Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/02f934e0-825c-4633-878d-b1d8934b4c9c/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0051.pdf.
Texte intégralDanglade, Florence. « Traitement de maquettes numériques pour la préparation de modèles de simulation en conception de produits à l'aide de techniques d'intelligence artificielle ». Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0045/document.
Texte intégralControlling the well-known triptych costs, quality and time during the different phases of the Product Development Process (PDP) is an everlasting challenge for the industry. Among the numerous issues that are to be addressed, the development of new methods and tools to adapt to the various needs the models used all along the PDP is certainly one of the most challenging and promising improvement area. This is particularly true for the adaptation of CAD (Computer-Aided Design) models to CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) applications. Today, even if methods and tools exist, such a preparation phase still requires a deep knowledge and a huge amount of time when considering Digital Mock-Up (DMU) composed of several hundreds of thousands of parts. Thus, being able to estimate a priori the impact of DMU preparation process on the simulation results would help identifying the best process right from the beginning, and this will ensure a better control of processes and preparation costs. This thesis addresses such a difficult problem and uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to learn and accurately predict behaviors from carefully selected examples. The main idea is to identify rules from these examples used as inputs of learning algorithms. Once those rules obtained, they can be used as estimators to be applied a priori on new cases for which the impact of a preparation process can be estimated without having to perform it. To reach this objective, a method to build a representative database of examples has been developed, the right input and output variables have been identified, then the learning model and its associated control parameters have been tuned. The performance of a preparation process is assessed by criteria like preparation costs, analysis costs and the errors induced by the simplifications on the analysis results. The first challenge of the proposed approach is to extract and select most relevant input variables from the original and 3D prepared models, which are completed with data characterizing the preparation processes. Another challenge is to configure learning models able to assess with good accuracy the quality of a process, despite a limited number of examples of preparation processes and data available (the only data known to a new case are the data that characterize the original CAD models and simulation case). In the end, the estimator of the process’ performance will help analysts in the selection of CAD model preparation operations. This does not exempt the analysts to make the numerical simulation. However, this will get faster a simplified model of best quality. The rules linking the output variables to the input ones are obtained using AI techniques such as well-known neural networks and decision trees. The proposed approach is illustrated and validated on industrial examples in the context of CFD simulations
Michaux, Ghislain. « Études sur la dynamique d'un panache massique en champ libre et en milieu confiné ventilé. Application à la simulation sur maquette des feux en tunnels ». Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377216.
Texte intégralDans un premier temps, un modèle théorique de type intégral est développé pour décrire le comportement d'un panache massique se développant en champ libre, dans un fluide ambiant au repos et non stratifié. Ce développement théorique met en évidence que les évolutions avec l'altitude des caractéristiques du panache peuvent être déduites de celle d'un paramètre unique, la "fonction panache". Dans un second temps, des simulations numériques sont réalisées à l'aide du code de calcul Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) dans des situations de plus en plus complexes : panache massique d'hélium en champ libre puis en milieu confiné et ventilé (type tunnel). Les résultats de simulations numériques obtenus pour un milieu confiné et ventilé sont encourageants, en bon accord avec des données expérimentales. Les résultats numériques et expérimentaux, obtenus dans le cadre d'un projet de recherche national RGC&U, permettent de mettre en lumière les mécanismes à l'origine du caractère fortement tridimensionnel d'un panache d'incendie dans un tunnel ventilé longitudinalement. Enfin, dans le cadre des essais sur maquette, les règles de similitude pour la simulation d'un panache d'incendie réel par un panache massique sont établies à partir des équations physiques. Le foyer est modélisé par le rejet d'un mélange gazeux léger air-hélium dont les caractéristiques sont ajustées afin de correctement reproduire la masse volumique des fumées d'incendie.
Chitescu, Liliana Cristina. « Simulation en ergonomie : facteur d'innovation dans la conception de produits : application à la conception de systèmes de travail ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_CHITESCU_L_C.pdf.
Texte intégralThis research is positioned in the Industrial Engineering field and it is dealing with the human factor integration in the design process of products and associated work systems. Using the knowledge, methods and specific tools of two disciplines (Engineering Science and Social and Human Science), the research proposes a human-centered design methodology that is allowing a better “Ergonomics Analyse – Products Design” articulation, from the very beginning to last stage of process. At the heart of this methodology there is a numerical simulation method of Gestural and Posturales Activities of Human that is possible with the support of the numerical mannequins which are the 3D human models. So, this method and the MANERCOS associated tool permit us to propose a new way to design and re-design the products/work systems which allows the innovation by a better consideration of the human characteristics: anthropometrical, biomechanical etc… By the application to the work systems design, we show particularly how the proposed methodology allows to detect and to estimate some of the risk factors of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMD) resulting from the working conditions, the tools and workplaces design etc. , and how to contribute in this case to the prevention of the professional diseases in constant increase for several years. More specific, the proposed methodology bring together all the actors of design process to define, to test, to estimate and to validate the numerical mock-ups of future work systems, adapted to the future operators, in terms of health, safety, comfort and efficiency at work. So we reveal capacities and the effectiveness of the MANERCOS tool, but we also show the way to evolve it in order to make better the "ergonomist - designer" cooperation within the design process. Particularly, the new features brought to this numerical mannequin, coupled at a measure tool of movements and efforts (CAPTIV tool) and associated in prospect at a virtual reality platform, will permit a better evaluation and prediction of the risks of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMD), by taking into account the Gestural and Posturales Activities
Chamaret, Damien. « Plate-forme de réalité virtuelle pour l'étude de l'accessibilité et de l'extraction de lampes sur prototype virtuel automobile ». Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00540899.
Texte intégralBusayarat, Chawee. « La maquette numérique comme support pour la recherche visuelle d'informations patrimoniales : définition d'une approche pour la sémantisation de sources iconographiques par référencement spatial ». Phd thesis, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00557514.
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