Thèses sur le sujet « Marchés du crédit »
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Weill, Laurent. « Efficience des banques et organisation des marchés de crédit ». Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR30015.
Texte intégralOur dissertation analyses the interactions between the degree of competition and the level of efficiency on credit markets. Deregulation policies give a normative but also positive relevance. On a normative point of view, we study the relevance of one of the main justifications for the increase of competition in banking sectors. Indeed, the improveness of cost efficiency of banks is with the reduction of monopoly rents the main justification for deregulation. On a positive point of view, the objective is to explain the noticed evolutions during the nineties, which are not in conformity with those forecasted : the decrease of banking margins was not followed by a reduction in costs for the same level. Our dissertation shows then the complexity of the relation between competition and efficiency on credit markets. The increase of competition doesn't imply an improveness of cost efficiency for banks, because of the specificities of credit markets. This work criticizes then the commonly admitted opinion of a positive influence of the increase of banking competition on banking efficiency
Alary, David. « Antisélection et sanction : application aux marchés du crédit et de l'assurance ». Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10047.
Texte intégralDucourant, Hélène. « Du crédit à la consommation à la consommation de crédits : autonomisation d'une activité économique ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL12018/document.
Texte intégralThe consumer credit allows households to finance their expenses without having the money available to pay for. Of course, there is nothing new in this disconnection of the acts of buying and paying. What is new is the fact that credit practices have turned into a market. I show that : ·The history of this economic activity is an history of attainment of autonomy for the credit activity from the sales activity. I study this process through three case studies : the firms Cetelem and Cofidis, and the revolving credit.·If credit prices are the same for all the clients of a credit offer, it appears that lower class households always pay more their indebtness. I propose an analyse of the indebtness practices and their costs. ·Finally, I study the revolving credit sales. I highlight the fact that if sociologists have always studied embebedded credit transactions, desembedded credit transactions can also be analysed. This research is based on 42 interviews of top executives of credit firms and other actors of the market, two months of in situ observations have been done, credit firms’ archives have been analyzed and INSEE inquiry “Patrimoine” has been used
Elouerkhaoui, Youssef. « Etude des problèmes de corrélation et d'incomplétude dans les marchés de crédit ». Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090007.
Texte intégralSassi, Seifallah. « Développement des marchés du crédit et croissance économique : quelques explications au puzzle ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1075.
Texte intégralThis thesis examines the effect of credit market development on economic growth in order to provide explanations for the ambiguous results of empirical studies on this relationship. To this end, we assess the different effects of consumer credit market and entrepreneurial credit market on economic growth. Using an extension of the framework of Aghion et al (2005), we show that the development of the consumer credit market to the detriment of the development of entrepreneurial credit market affects negatively economic growth. We provide empirically validation of these findings on a sample of 27 European countries during the period 1995-2009.Moreover, using both time series techniques and panel data methods, we investigate empirically the short-term and long-term relationships for a sample of 20 heterogeneous countries over the period 1960-2009. Our results confirm a positive long-term relationship between credit market development and economic growth while the short-run relationship differs from one country to another.Furthermore, we inspect the effects of the development of islamic credit market and the development of conventional credit market on economic growth in MENA countries. Applying the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators developed for dynamic panel, we find that both islamic credit market and conventional credit market harmful for economic growth. Examining the non-linear effect of credit market development on economic growth, we show that that economies in Mena region can benefit from credit market development only once a threshold of ICT development is reached
Durrieu, Jean Marc. « Crédit, marchés de capitaux et financement des entreprises : une interprétation de la crise et des cycles ». Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100180.
Texte intégralCan the conditions for financing the production explain the recession and cycles without presuming that savings limit investment? In recent years, theories have developped, which centre on the problems of coordination and their consequential effects in the field of financing the productive sector. In pursuing such research, the limitations of these theories (particulary in the field of their hypotheses) must be considered and their contributions, while giving careful consideration to their close relationship with the heterodox approach, the abjective being an explanation of the recession and cycles as an inherent phenomen of capitalism. These contributions are synthetised in a model which in particular, allows us to understand the destabilising role f the credit availability and to certify that the data concerning a situation of cumulative instability is valid. Finally i seek to show the role which firstly the relationship between the banks productive firms and secondly the organisation of financial sector play on the economic and financial instabilities, including the phenomens of learning, reputation and confidence
Milhaud, Cyril. « Sacré crédit ! Apogée et déclin du crédit ecclésiastique dans l'Espagne moderne ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0135/document.
Texte intégralThis project analyses the evolutions of long-term credit markets (the censos) in eraly modern Spain. After a description of the actors and the functioning of these markets in the first chapter, the second chapter focuses on the consequences of jurisdictional fragmentation on credit market integration. Then, the third chapter examines the functioning and the economic governance of a single religious order and sheds light on the integration role performed by ecclesiastical institutions. The last chapter studies the financial repression implemented by the Crown in the late eighteenth century and its decisive role in the withdrawal of religious institutions from the credit market and the subsequent credit contraction
Rakotovololona, Andry Lalaina. « Le risque de crédit dans la stratégie bancaire : déterminants quantitatifs et perspectives d'innovation sur les marchés émergents ». Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010035.
Texte intégralWagalath, Lakshithe. « Modélisation mathématique du risque endogène dans les marchés financiers ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832234.
Texte intégralHoudain, Julien. « Valorisation et gestion de dérivés de crédit : les CDOs synthétiques ou la croissance exponentielle des produits de corrélation ». Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DENS0054.
Texte intégralThe thesis objective is to price credit derivatives such as synthetic CDOs by using advanced quantitative methodologies. We describe the standard market model used for the pricing of synthetic CDO tranches. We then proceed to illustrate the limitations of the standard approach and introduce a new methodology using Normal Inverse Gaussian (NIG) distributions and historical correlations. We compare both approaches in terms of pricing and hedging capabilities and can deduce that our approach is more accurate on both a theoretical and empirical basis. We then extend our research to CDO^2 and introduce two new methodologies for pricing this type of structures. We aiso study the opportunities offered by hedging standardized tranches. We can then conclude that significant model and correlation risks exist in the credit derivatives market. These risks should be taken into account with the credit risk in these types of structured deals
Delanghe, Marieke. « Réactions des marchés financiers aux annonces de fusions et acquisitions : trois essais empiriques ». Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20007.
Texte intégralWe study market reactions to mergers and acquisitions (M&A) announcements in different contexts in two papers. First, we explore the regulation of M&A markets by the European Commission. Our aim is to determine whether the European Commission has still protectionist tendencies towards European firms since the implementation of the new regulation in 2004. Our results confirm that the European Commission presented protectionist behaviors before the new regulation was set in place but this phenomenon does not appear anymore after 2004 and even before, from 2002. In the second paper, we test long-term effect of lender certification. We want to determine if lender certification relates to the financed project only or also sends a good signal about the quality of the management team of the firm. We compare market reaction to M&A announcements for operations carried out by US firms before and after the obtaining of a syndicated loan. If there is a long-term effect of lender certification, market reaction to M&A announcements should be more positive after the loan has been granted. Our results do not support this hypothesis and we conclude that lender certification relates to the financed project only. Since we noticed the great importance of data quality in empirical studies in finance, we compare in the third paper, two M&A databases: SDC and Zephyr. It appears that these databases present noticeable differences in the presentation as well as in the content of data provided which may lead, in some cases, to different results in empirical analysis
Fally, Thibault. « Essais sur les contraintes de crédit, le commerce et les investissements à l'étranger ». Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0025.
Texte intégralTwo concerns motivate this thesis: the impact of financial constraints and the impact of trade liberalization on firm decisions. This thesis primarily belongs to the fields of international trade and economic development. In the first chapter, we study the impact of financial constraints on entrepreneurship. We find that access to finance matters most for the entry of small firms and in sectors that are more dependent upon external finance. On the other hand, financial development has either no effect or a negative effect on entry by large firms. Access to finance also helps new firms expand if successful. In the second chapter, we analyze how financial constraints affect sourcing strategies of multinational firms. In particular, we show that financial development generates a comparative advantage in the supply of complex goods, and that multinationals are more likely to integrate suppliers located in countries with poor financial institutions, especially when trade involves complex goods. In the third chapter, we study the effect of foreign direct investment and the introduction of a new technology in host economies. When the foreign technology requires specific inputs that are not compatible with the domestic technology, it can generate negative effects on domestic firms and consumer welfare, even if the foreign technology is more efficient than the domestic technology. Lastly, we show in the fourth chapter that proximity to consumers and proximity to suppliers have a large impact on wages across regions in Brazil, even after controlling for individual characteristics, market access source (international, national or local), and using instrumental variables
Shen, Jun. « Les législations concernant les marchés financiers en France et aux Etats-Unis - Approche comparée ». Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30010.
Texte intégralThe legislations concerning financial markets govern not only the markets, but also the participants, the products and the activities as well in the markets. By using these indispensable legal tools, the legislators of both sides of Atlantic aim at, among others, protecting the investors whose confidence is of top priority to the markets, on the one hand, and reducing the systemic risk which would occur in a more and more globalised financial context, on the other. Indeed, after the global financial crisis of 2008, systemic risk has drawn more legislative attention. From the abovementioned objectives which the legislators would like to achieve, we try to find and analyze the particularity of the legislation concerned, both in France or in the European Union and in the USA, by way of comparison of legislative dispositions or legislative initiatives across the Atlantic, with the consideration about their respective legislative evolution. We also give our reflections on the insufficiencies or the deficiencies with regard to the legislative measures or efforts taken by the transatlantic legislators to realize those objectives. Facing the actual and unprecedented financial crisis, and thus a requirement of dynamic, appropriate, timely and refined legislative reaction, it seems to us that it is the time for legislators in France, in the EU and in the USA to deepen their knowledge about financial products of non-stop innovation, to better adapt their legislative strategies to the development of financial activities and financial entities, to reinforce their cooperation and coordination in depth and in width in the field of financial regulation and supervision, and finally, to better fulfill their pursuing goals
Saurin, Sébastien. « Advanced credit risk analytics : Fairness, interpretability, homogeneity ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ORLE1092.
Texte intégralThis thesis proposes innovative solutions to address the challenges posed by the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in credit scoring. AI is revolutionizing the world at an unprecedented pace, redefining entire industries and exerting a profound influence on employees, managers, customers, suppliers, and regulators. In finance, and particularly in the credit market, ML models directly influence crucial decisions such as credit granting and the determination of regulatory capital. Although ML algorithms exhibit better predictive performance than traditional models, their use raises significant concerns regarding fairness, transparency, and regulatory compliance. To address the challenges posed by these rapidly expanding technologies, this thesis is structured around three main dimensions that tackle issues of fairness, interpretability, and homogeneity in credit scoring models. The first chapter introduces a theoretical framework to test for the fairness of credit scoring models, identify the variables that generate the lack of fairness, if any, and mitigate it, all while maintaining the model’s predictive performance. The second chapter proposes an innovative methodology called XPER, which decomposes model performance into specific contributions from each variable, thereby enhancing the interpretability of credit scoring models. Finally, the third chapter introduces the Risk Homogeneity Coefficient (RHC), a tool that quantifies the degree of homogeneity within risk grades, or risk classes, in the Internal Ratings-Based approach for credit risk, as required by the Basel accords. These approaches, while technical, are also very practical and provide innovative tools enabling financial institutions and their regulators to validate credit scoring models while considering issues of fairness, interpretability, and homogeneity
Boukrami, Othmane. « Les effets de la diversification sur le risque de change non couvert par les marchés financiers : estimation de la rentabilité du portefeuille dans un système d'informatio optimal ». Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30024.
Texte intégralIn current market conditions, companies in emerging markets have the choice between a short-term debt in local currency and a long-term hard currency financing from international sources to finance their long-term investments. This practice would create either an interest rate gap or a currency gap. As an extent of previous researches and studies covering the question of currency risks diversification in mature financial markets, this thesis is quite distinctive from the existing literature as it focuses on emerging market currencies for which there are little or no hedging options of currency and interest rate risks. The proposed model is based on a fundamentally different approach from existing risk models, seeking to mitigate risks internally through portfolio diversification, rather than by matching supply and demand. This, by analyzing both correlations between emerging market currencies in a portfolio composed of African, Asian, South American and Eastern Europe currencies and the effect of diversification on market risk reduction. The main objective of this thesis is to contribute to the specification and the identification of a risk diversification model while demonstrating that the establishment of a diversified portfolio of emerging market currencies not covered by the commercial banks is a lucrative business over the long-term. With an efficient information system, the proposed model attempts to demonstrate the effect that such hedging products would have on reducing the credit risk of borrowers and hence the lenders. To achieve this aim, the different risks associated with these activities have been identified while choosing the methods for their effective management as well as the modeling of hypothetical exposures created by this activity. The impact of reducing market risk exposure through the usage of interest rate and currency hedging products on the credit risk rating of companies in emerging countries has also been modeled. The current research claims that the choice of currencies does not significantly impact the results as long as the proposed regional limits are respected. The simulation’ results show that managing a diversified currency portfolio under an optimal risk management guidelines can be a lucrative business for banks as the risk mitigation can be effectively done through portfolio diversification
Jarreau, Joachim. « Economic policy in globalization : four essays in economics of trade and migration ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010002/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis consists of four chapters that examine various aspects of economic policy in its relation to globalization and economic integration. The first chapter considers the question of the link between trade specialization and growth. The results identify a robust empirical ink between initial level of sophistication at province level and real GOP per capita growth in the case of China. The second chapter examines the relationship between the structure of the Chinese banking system and the structure of exports. The empirical study reveals the presence of credit constraints weighing on domestic private firms, which export relatively less in sectors more dependent on external financing. The third chapter examines the impact of immigration on labor markets in a setting with fragmented regional markets. It shows that in this framework, the spatial mobility of migrant workers contributes to increase the efficiency of labor markets, but immigration policy becomes more restrictive under certain conditions. The fourth chapter examines the determinants of preferential free trade agreements. It shows that the gains in market access are a stronger determinant of a country's probability of signing an agreement than the gains accruing to consumers in the form of lower prices
Guille, Marianne. « Asymétrie d'information, marché du crédit et équilibres avec rationnement ». Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100033.
Texte intégralIntroducing informational asymmetries between borrowers and lenders dealing with projects ‘quality allows to found credit rationing equilibrium on solid microeconomics bases. Rationing equilibrium is based on dependence relationships between the terms of loan contracts and characteristics of the projects of loan applicants unobservable for the banks. These relationships take the form of moral hazard or adverse selection effects which lead to a fall of bank's expected gross return of the loan contract when these terms reach some optimal threshold. Beyond these thresholds, these terms become rigids and the credit market cannot clear, even in face of an excess of demand. These situations of excess of credit demand, which appear fairly robust, lead to report effects on demand and supplies of goods of rationed agents because they hardly find credit substitutes. Credit instability could induce a macroeconomic instability, especially when collaterals and equity the borrowers are able to provide, are weak with regard to their project size
Lion-Oms, Laurence. « La relation prêteur-emprunteur : une application au marché français du crédit à la consommation ». Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20114/document.
Texte intégralConsumer credit outstanding stands at 7 or 8 per cent of the GDP. The regulation frame of consumption credit was profoundly modified by the Consumer credit directive 2008/48/CE and the « Lagarde Law » n°2010-737. Consequently, the question we address in this research is: what type of relationship exists between lenders and borrowers in consumer credit market? Are these relations specific? Three objectives are proposed. In any case, we present a lender position and a borrower position. The first one, linked to regulation evolutions, shows that information is the cornerstone of such a relation and any information impacting it. The second objective, more strategic, shows those behavioral biases considerations (overconfidence and optimism bias) or the elaboration of a long run relationship banking between lenders and borrowers impacts on the decisions of granting credit. The third objective, more financial, shows that this relationship defines “optimal” ways of household's indebtedness and also reduces the loan portfolio risk of a lender. A methodology both qualitative and quantitative is used. It is shown that the equilibrium is a pooling equilibrium and that the relationship banking indirectly impacts the consumer credit market. A composition involving a behavior bias yields a less risked loan portfolio for the lenders. The lender borrower relationship is analyzed from the information sharing systems in the 27 EU countries
Ben, Hassine Safa. « Identification des facteurs de risque statistiques : Applications au marché boursier et au marché du crédit ». Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020024.
Texte intégralChouvelon, Thierry. « Comportement bancaire, déséquilibre du marché du crédit et approfondissement financier ». Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF10001.
Texte intégralKolakez, Elie. « Crédit, chômage et entrepreneurs ». Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020049.
Texte intégralMonsinjon, Véronique Sophie. « Les impacts du marché du crédit bancaire sur le cycle réel ». Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL284.
Texte intégralThe aim of this research is to analyse the importance and complexity of bank credit market in limited effects on " real economy". In fact, we focus on the effects of credit supply. In particular, information asymetries between lenders and borrowers have been considered as a (financial) intensification channel of real cycle. Those asymetries take especially the form of credit rationing. The interest in our approach is to consider two kinds of credit rationing ; that is to say rationing in the volume of credit but also rationing which consists in discimination between borrowers (small /big firms). Beyond direct effects of such information imperfections, we try to take into account their indirect effects on economic financing that is to say on banking competition. But asymetries are not the only way for credit supply to influence real economy by the behaviour of banks. Analysing real impacts of credit supply fluctuations imply to take into account both sides of banking balance sheet. Risk-taking by banks can generate credit cycles because of the links between credit and assers. If such a cycle appears at the current period then banking reactions is probably a credit crunch at the following one. We finally tackle futur perspectives for financial intermediation within the european context
Betry, Philippe. « Genèse et développement du marché hypothécaire français ». Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE0501.
Texte intégralDordain, Jean-Noël. « Arbres multinomiaux, options hybrides et risque de crédit ». Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090059.
Texte intégralLardeau, Thomas Laurent. « Equilibre du marché du crédit et cycle économique : un nouvel accélérateur financier ». Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131027/document.
Texte intégralWith the renewal of financial cycles and the subprime crisis, literature had focused on the macroeconomic influence of the financial factors. From the credit market, it mainly developed along the theory of financial accelerator (Bernanke and Gertler [1989], Bernanke, Gertler and Gilchrist [1999]) which is based on the hypothesis of asymmetric information. This thesis gives aim to complete this literature by considering that credit supply must be also considered in radical uncertainty and to return on it by proposing, from some of its own limits, another mechanism of financial accelerator which can be viewed as more macroeconomic. So, it leads us to improve our understanding of the credit market in the explanation of macroeconomic fluctuations and to reconsider economic policy related
Leinyuy, Jibirila. « Markets, family firms and human capital investment ». Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0015.
Texte intégralImproving the business sector and developing markets are fundamental policies for economic growth, so is human capital accumulation. But business conditions and market structures in poor economies can create conflict between these objectives such that conditions that improve business prospects will decrease the incentives to invest in human capital. In this thesis, l use microeconomic theory to demonstrate the mechanisms through which market evolution (credit, labour and product markets) affects human capital accumulation incentives (children' s education and child labour). L econometrically test the theory using data from a survey of business households in North West Cameroon
Psillaki, Maria. « Une contribution au renouvellement du concept de marché : les cas du crédit et des titres ». Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0005.
Texte intégralThere is frequently a tendancy to think that the concept of the market is derived by examining the market paradigm presented by the walrasian theory and modelled by arrow-debreu. The present work has been undertaken with the objective to put forward the characteristics of a different concept of the market through the study of recent developments related to the markets of credit ans stocks. The goal of this thesis is therefore twofold : first is to question the walrasian character of these two markets and to put forward the elements contradicting this hypothesis and differentiating with respect to the reference model : and second to develop constructive argumentation to demonstrate the necessary characteristics for the etablishment of an alternative market concept. We then show that the market appears as complex system consisting of agents with interdependentbehaviours introducting different determinants such as : behavioural rules, crossing expectations, strategic uncertainty or cognitive rationality. All theses are elements that deviate these markets from the standard theory. We thus conclude by porposing different however positive definition of the market. The market is then assimilated to a mechanism relating agents buyers or sellers in an institutional and organisational framework defining the conditions of information exchanges. The information exchange is based on such types market organisation like incentive contrats, customers relations, reputations and learning
Kettani, Othmane. « Modélisation du risque de crédit de contrepartie ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E005.
Texte intégralCounterparty risk is defined as the risk of credit worthiness deterioration, making the counterparty unable to meet its contractual obligations. Nowadays, this risk is no longer confined to corporate clients but has spread out to other banks and financial institutions. As a consequence, any firm participating in the over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives market is exposed to this risk. Credit Value Adjustment (CVA) is the market value of counterparty credit risk. Implementation of CVA still remains one of the biggest challenges banks face since the last financial crisis, due to its complexity and cost of implementation. For most banks, pricing the whole CVA book requires major changes on the infrastructure they currently have. Furthermore, regulatory responses to the last financial turmoil aimed at strengthening the financial system by introducing new capital requirements. The Basel III regulatory standard was developed in this respect, prescribing an additional capital charge to cover CVA losses.Our contributions to the relevant literature are chapters 2, 3 and 4. In chapters 2 and 3, we propose two innovative approaches to compute CVA that allow a huge reduction in computational costs. Chapter 4 is devoted to the study of the CVA capital charge under the new FRTB-CVA regulation
Dorn, Jochen. « Évaluation, modélisation et couverture des produits structurés de crédit ». Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010059.
Texte intégralDan, Baky Agada. « Essai d'analyse théorique des problèmes d'asymétrie d'information sur le marché d'assurance emprunteurs ». Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE0504.
Texte intégralSmirnov, Andrei. « Risque de contrepartie, de marché et de système dans les relations interbancaires ». Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010001.
Texte intégralThe interbank relations are the central element of modern financial system, the mechanism of reinsurance and coinsurance of financial risks taken by different economic agents and the highly specific field of banking activity. The interbank relations bring about certain individuals risks (especially countreparty and market risks) that could regenerate under some circumstances into systemic risk. The capacity of resistance of financial system and banking sector to systemic crisis is not constant and depends upon the facility of diffusion of shocks provoked by the realisation of individuals risks in financial infrastructure and upon the solidity of market agents who take these risks. Today, regardless some imperfections, the security mechanism, including market discipline and public authorities' actions, plays crucial role in maintaining the stability of banking sector in developed countries and strongly reduces the probability of systemic shocks
Mbengue, Mohamed Lamine. « Le spread de crédit sur le marché obligataire de l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine ». Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090089.
Texte intégralPompermaier, Matteo. « "Le vin et l'argent" : osterie, bastioni et marché du crédit à Venise au XVIIIe siècle ». Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR021.
Texte intégralThis thesis analyses the credit market in Venice during the 18th century. An important part of this research focuses on a quite unique credit system, specific to the Venetian context, that was offer through the inns, or osterie, and the bastioni (warehouses where wine was sold) of the city. In 18th century Venice, wine and money were intrinsically linked through the activity of the innkeepers and the bastioneri (the managers of the bastioni), who originally offered their customers a pawnbroking service. They assumed the double roles of suppliers of basic goods and creditors, thereby becoming central economic figures in Venice’s urban context – especially for the members of the poorest classes. One of the most innovative elements of this research lies in the findings regarding the way that interest on loans was collected: creditors benefited from the fact that one-third of the total value of the transaction was paid in wine. The low average value of the loans confirms that this service was mainly aimed at the lower classes of society, the main actors in what has been defined as ‘the handkerchief economy’. Those who benefited the most from this kind of credit arrangement were essentially poor – but not too poor – people, who had only modest reserves of money, and were thus more vulnerable due to the paucity and irregularity of their income. The main objective of this research is twofold: (a) to analyze the credit activity of bastioni and osterie, and (b) to place it in the Venetian urban context. This study analyzed the Venetian credit market as a whole, and then assessed the characteristics and variables that could influence the demand for credit. Moreover, to develop a more complete view of this specific market, all the main components of the credit offer were taken into consideration. In addition to the already mentioned bastioni and osterie, the activities of Jewish bankers in the Ghetto, the monti di pietà situated on the Venetian mainland, as well as those of the notaries and the private lenders, were also analyzed and compared. In this way, it was possible to investigate the existing relationships between the different credit channels, and to determine that they were actually not in competition with one another; rather, it was discovered that they were, in fact, discretely positioned in a distinctly segmented market. This research is relevant to both specialists in Venetian history, and researchers concerned with economic history in other contexts; this study also proposes a new methodology, and a case study, useful for relative comparison by either constituency
Pappadà, Francesco. « Effets au niveau agrégé de l'hétérogénéité des firmes et des frictions sur le marché du crédit ». Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010020.
Texte intégralSodjahin, Amos Aristide. « Risque de crédit et volatilité des spreads sur le marché de la dette privée en euro ». Paris 9, 2011. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090006.
Texte intégralThe credit risk on the bond market is characterized by the possible default of a counterparty, but also by changes in the spread following a perceived deterioration, by the market, of the credit quality of the issuer. This thesis focuses on credit spreads on corporate bond market in euros. Following the introductory chapter that presents some stylized facts that characterize the dynamic of credit spreads in this market, the rest of the thesis is organized in three empirical studies. The first study proposes a model of the conditional variance of spreads in a non-Gaussian setting. Within the GARCH family models, we discuss the choice of the conditional distribution of innovations that is able to account for the asymmetry and excess kurtosis observed. The model associated with skewed generalized error distribution (Skewed-GED) seems to characterize the dynamic of credit spreads and performs well in terms of out-of-sample volatility forecast. From the structural models of risky debt, the second study examines the influence of market conditions on credit spreads. Regardless of the financial situation of the bond issuer, risk premiums seem to depend on interest rates, the state of the stock market, the foreign exchange market and the liquidity of the securities. The third study is devoted to examining the effect of macroeconomic news on credit spreads. Investors seem to attach greater importance to the releases of American’s indicators. The spreads of riskier issuers are more affected, especially in times of crisis
Lerouxel, François. « Le marché du crédit privé dans le monde romain d'après les documents de la pratique (Egypte et Campanie) ». Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0069.
Texte intégralThe thesis tries to understand how the credit market worked in Egypt and Campania, two regions of the Roman Empire that present the common feature of having yielded numerous documents of everyday life. The credit market is conceived here as a concrete historical object, organized by institutions, and not as an abstract, theoretical one. In Egypt, the main institutions organizing the credit market are the private banks and, most importantly, the system of drafting and recording of private contracts centered on the bibliothèkè enktèseôn. The implementation of this system around 69 AD dramatically improved the operation of the credit market. In Campania, the institutions organizing the market were professionnal money -lenders (feneratores), slaves and private banks
Sabkha, Saker. « On the dynamic behavior of the worldwide sovereign Credit Default Swaps markets ». Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1127/document.
Texte intégralContagion phenomenon, efficiency hypothesis and spillover effects are amongst the most important economic theories as they provide an overall vision of the financial stability, yet the least understood in the aftermath of the recent crises. This thesis proposes to provide policy makers, investors and broadly market participants with an updated outlook of the dynamic behavior of the global sovereign Credit Default Swaps (CDS) markets: informational efficiency, interaction with other international financial markets and systemic-risk exposure. The steadily changing dynamics of these markets combined with the constantly evolving regulatory policies have led to a shared worldwide enthusiasm regarding the behavioral study of CDS markets, in which we contribute through five interconnected essays. We first discuss, in the first essay, the statistical characteristics of the sovereign CDS data, through the estimation of 9 GARCH-class models. This chapter compares the predictability performances of several linear and non-linear volatility models taking into consideration different financial stylized facts. Application on CDS spreads of 38 countries reveals that the forecasting power of these models depends on their ability to capture sovereign CDS features while estimating the variance process. Yet, the fractionally-integrated models outperform the basic GARCH-class models due to the allowed flexibility regarding the persistence degree of the variance shocks. These results are used to jointly model returns and volatility of CDS spreads in the forthcoming essays.The second essay also investigates the financial characteristics of the international sovereign CDS markets, by giving new evidences on their efficiency degrees. Using a new framework based on a 3-step estimation of a VECM-FIGARCH model, we show that information contained in CDS spreads and bond yields are not always instantaneously and properly reflected in the current sovereign risk level. Results reveal the existence of arbitrage opportunities with a partial rejection of the randomness hypothesis in some of the 37 studied countries. While the previous essay used the conditional expectation of CDS spreads to study the market behavior, the next essays rather focus on the properties of the variance and covariance. The predictability of sovereign CDS volatility, based on the information contained in some country-specific and global macroeconomic factors, is investigated in the third chapter [etc...]
Levratto, Nadine. « Une analyse du marché du crédit en termes de rationnement : définitions théoriques et application au cas francais ». Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0004.
Texte intégralThe aim of this research is to present the causes and the effects of credit offer insufficiant to satisfy the global demand of funds. This phenomenon can be captured by the expression "credit rationing" besides institutional constraint, several causes of credit rationing can be list. Among them, the maximising behavior of banks appears as the more important one. The theoretical approach is completed by an econometric study which permits to proof the following results: i) offer constitute the short side of the commercial credit market ii) interest rate is stiky IIIfrench firms have always be rationed between 1975 and 1990 the rate of rationing fluctuate between 5 and 7%
Faguer, Julien. « La terre et l’argent : marché de la terre et marché du crédit à Athènes et dans les îles de l’Égée, ca. 400-100 av. J.-C ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100100.
Texte intégralThis study examines the evolution of land tenure systems at Athens and in the islands characterized by Attic legal culture from the 4th to the 2nd century BC. Usually limited to citizens, the possession of land and houses is an essential part of families' matrimonial and inheritance strategies and one of the foundations of the credit market: “buying” or “selling” frequently means, in the documents that have come down to us, lending or borrowing through mortgage security. Although they make it difficult to establish price series, the sources studied – court speeches, honorary decrees, hypothecation makers, deeds of sale, lists of farmers or debtors – invite us to trace the evolution of this market through that of its legal and institutional framework. The rich Athenian documentation thus makes it possible to reconstruct in a first part the different aspects of a land tenure system through the examination of family, legal and political practices that determine and reflect the modes of land use and appropriation. A second part, based on the epigraphic documentation of the Cyclades, gives the opportunity to compare the particularities of this non-standard city with data collected from a wider geographical area: while belonging to the same legal culture, these sources contribute, by their nature and their chronological distribution, to highlight the growing role of the State in the recording of transactions and the circulation of information, and the conditions under which foreigners can, or not, access the land market
Benzarti, Yousra. « La distribution du crédit dans les pays émergents : Fondements micro économiques et estimations empiriques sur le marché tunisien ». Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090004.
Texte intégralBittmann, Simon. « Des loan sharks aux banques : croisades, construction et segmentation d'un marché du crédit aux États-Unis, 1900-1945 ». Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0007/document.
Texte intégralThe segmentation of the American credit market, between a primary banking market and a secondary “fringe” market, characterized by high-rate services offered by agencies ranging from payday lenders to subprime mortgage dealers, is often mentioned, particularly as it would mirror that of the labor market, and yet very few studies are dedicated to understanding its origins. This thesis offers such a perspective through the history small unsecured loans to wage-earners from 1900 until 1945. First, we study the emergence of credit systems at the beginning of the XXth century which enabled lower-class workers to borrow using future wages or small property as collateral. Through two case studies focusing on the South and the Midwest, we set forth a new, intersectional approach to the credit relationship and analyze the forms of embeddedness of these exchanges; judiciary, racial and in the labor process. Second, we analyze the moral and political construction of a legitimate “business”, through the study of the “crusades” and controversies targeting “loan sharks”, a certain class of creditors associated with usurious practices operating on the margin of industrial capitalism. This work in economic sociology contributes to the study of market moralization processes, bringing in insights from the sociology of public action, social movements and law in order to understand how the resolution of a public problem as well as the frames on which political and legal actions dwell can impact the market structure. Our theoretical framework bridges the gap between the sociological study of economic transactions and practices and the political-cultural approach of markets as politics
Lazzarini, Romain. « L'effet de l'orientation marché sur l'établissement de la stratégie de segmentation-ciblage-positionnement, le cas de la Société Marseillaise de Crédit ». Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0016.
Texte intégralMarket orientation was created during the Nineties. It could be considered as an efficient answer to the complexification of the companies and consumers environments. In this state of mind, it provides a strong interest for numerous researchers. This notion is unknown and badly interpreted by a majority of practitioners, despite its important strategic potential. Moreover, the big majority of researches linked with this topic are dealing with the effect of its integration on the global performance of a company. We wanted to analyze through this academic work if in a specific context, the integration of the market orientation philosophy could have a direct effect on the implementation of a strategic tool: the segmentation-targeting-positioning process. This triptych is indeed often considered as a basis of marketing strategy
Direr, Alexis. « Imperfections financiers et dynamiques du marche du credit ». Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4032.
Texte intégralPetrou, Spyridon. « Obligations internationales et euro-crédits : techniques, structures et principaux protagonistes ». Grenoble 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE21067.
Texte intégralInternational bonds and euro-currency credits are the principal vehicles utilized by private corporations, public entities and sovereign borrowers for financing in the international capital markets. In recent years, the structure of major international financial markets, has been altered by the development of new instruments, significant changes in official regulations governing the banking and securities markets, and more intense competition between various financial intermediaires. The scope of this survey is mainly the analysis of private financing flows through international capital markets, and the description of banking practices, specially loan syndication used by international banks. First of all, we provide the description of the classic types and the recent innovations of euro-bonds, foreign bonds and euro-notes facilities as also euro currency credits, in benefit of potential borrowers. We examine the patterns of managing the above instruments, particularly through an elaborate analysis of loan syndication in theory and practice. Then, we present the nature and the nationality structure of both borrowers (oecd, ldcs, comecons) and lenders (consortiums and international banks), as also the main conditions of borrowing, specially through an economic and statistical study of the period 1974 1985. Finally, the evolution and all recent mutations of international capital markets, illustrate the interactions between financial, economic and regulatory factors in an international context
Lages, dos Santos Pedro. « Impôt négatif, appariement et performances du marché du travail ». Le Havre, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LEHA0023.
Texte intégralThe objective of this thesis is to propose a contribution to the reflexion on the reform of the socio-tax system and, more particularly, to the analysis of the effects of measures such as "Basic Income" and "Negative Income Tax" on unemployment, labour market efficiency and agents well-being. To this purpose, we retain a formalization à la Marimon and Zilibotti (1999) where the differentiation of workers and jobs are made explicit (not like standard matching models). Within this framework, it appears that Earned Income Credit systems can present interesting effects in terms of employment, reduction of inequalities and poverty. However, the efficiency of these systems can depend considerably, on the one hand, on labour market conditions (like, for example, the effectiveness or not of a minimum wage) and, on the other hand, on the variables concerned. Indeed, the fall on participation to the labour market as well as the reduction of job productivity belong to the negative effects that can generate such systems
Ocaktan, Tarik. « Dynamiques non linéaires sur le marché du travail et cycles économiques ». Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010013.
Texte intégralHamdi, Safia. « Les officiers de la police économique à Paris sous le règne de Louis XIV ». Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0049.
Texte intégralThe officers of the economic police were subordinate agents of the provost ship of the traders who took charge of the surveillance and the control of the commercial transactions over ports and in the Parisian markets. In the hierarchy of proper authorities in supply, the municipality held a role of police mattering as regards the goods forwarded in the capital by waterway. Indeed, the Seine was considered like Space out founder of the municipal power. The control of the commercial transactions over the river was the reserved domain of the municipal administration: it exercised this mission through these officers. These last ones were appointed to the various operations of measurement, check of quality and quantity, porterage, credit and publicity. The fates of these officers were closely connected, on one hand, to the history of the Parisian municipality and to the big changes in its reports with the royal power; and, on the other hand, in the history of the venality of offices and credit of the State in the Century of Louis XIV
Kouzez, Marc. « L'impact de la règlementation, de l'information et du risque de crédit sur la performance bancaire : le cas du marché Jordanien ». Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0050.
Texte intégralThe aim of this thesis is to analyze the performance of Jordanian banks during the recent global crisis that started in 2007-2008. Under this theme, we approach the banking system regulatory issues, the information asymmetry and the credit risk. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the regulations stemming from various Basel agreements, which served as a model for the regulation of the Jordanian banking system. Indeed, not only the philosophy for banking regulation has evolved since the first agreement in 1988, but more interactions have emerged between regulatory systems with information and credit risk management related problems. Following the analysis of these three factors, we will study their role in the evaluation of the banking sector performance. We focus our study on Jordan, a country in which the structure of the banking market has been deeply disturbed in recent years by opening the market to international investors, by changing the prudential standards and the economic consequences of the global financial crisis. Our approach is to conduct a quantitative assessment of credit risk and performance, through the use of statistical and econometric methods. The results show that the degradation in the performance of Jordanian banks starting from 2008 is not mainly the result of the strict regulations implemented by the Central Bank of Jordan, but rather an auto-regulation characterized by the banks excessively cautious attitude to their credit supply, especially after a period of intense competition
Gagnon-April, Jérôme. « Trois essais sur les banques et le pouvoir de marché ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26944.
Texte intégralThis thesis looks at the role of power market in banking. Emphasis is put on risk taking, economies of scale, economic efficiency and shocks transmission. Chapter 1 presents a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with monopolistically competitive banks à la Salop (1979). Following Krugman (1979, 1980) hypothesis about the link between economies of scale and exports, banks have to support a transaction cost on foreign trades that decreases with the size of their local assets (loans). This lead the banks to increase their local loans by reducing their margin. The model is solved and simulated under various degrees of market power in the banking system. Results show that two forces, economies of scale and market power, oppose to each other when the market concentrates. Concentration also leads foreign activities to increase, which makes banks more sensible to foreign shocks. Chapter 2 takes the same basic framework, but where banks face credit risk partially insured by collateral pledged by entrepreneurs and can limit this risk via costly effort. The model is solved and simulated under various degrees of market power in the banking system. We find that higher market power reduces the size of the financial market and steady-state production, but leads to safer banks. In addition, economies with highly concentrated banking systems experience milder fluctuations following most types of shocks, because the higher margins associated with market power serve as a buffer to cushion the economy from adverse shocks, at least initially. This buffer effect is eliminated once we allow for free entry into the banking sector. An other extension with economies of scale shows that a moderately concentrated market can be optimal for the economy. Chapter 3 uses a Mean-Variance portfolio analysis to depict a bank with market power. Return on deposits and assets varies with the quantity traded, which change the bank’s portfolio. Market power on assets lead the bank to choose a more stable portfolio, even if it causes the return to decrease. Similar results occur in the case of deposits, but variance increase for higher degrees of market power. Results are robust for a variety of demand functions.
Colosiez, Béatrice. « Le marche secondaire des creances bancaires souveraines : analyse economique et financiere ». Orléans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ORLE0505.
Texte intégralWe define secondary market of less developing countries (ldc) as a transaction space of bank credit grant to sovereign nations. The object of this thesis is to analyze how this market works and understanding determinants of secondary market debt prices. We study the international economic and financial framework in which euro-credit boom took place. We also study analysis of country-risk. Thus, we can draw the origins of secondary market debt. Then, we answer to the questions : who, how and why operate on this market. Initialy, secondary market debt was a subcontracting market, exclusively interbank and dominated by subparticipations. In the 1980s, debt crisis alter his physiognomy. Debt-debt swaps take over from subparticipations. Market debt open to new party, in particuler to multinational firms, as mods of intervention increase (assignements, debt-equity swaps). Market value of credit sovereign bank, in period of debt crisi and renegociation is also analyze. We question about use of traditional actural techniques to estimate market value of this kind of bonds, and decote is define as a synthetic expression of subjective banks anticipations of defaul payments. We study debtor countries according to the level and the evolution of market debt prices. Theorics and econometrics works about determinants of market prices are presented and discussed. Taking into account strategic (opportunist) behaviour on the market seems to be an interesting future way of research