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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Mass-selected »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 1 avril 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Mass-selected"

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Myszka, Anna, Janusz Piontek et Andvaclav Vančata. « Body mass reconstruction on the basis of selected skeletal traits ». Anthropologischer Anzeiger 69, n^o 3 (1 juillet 2012) : 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0003-5548/2012/0179.

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Lu, Haiyan, Bing Zhao et John R. Lombardi. « Raman spectroscopy of mass-selected CrFe ». Chemical Physics Letters 376, n^o 1-2 (juillet 2003) : 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00943-6.

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von Weber, Alexander, et Scott L. Anderson. « Electrocatalysis by Mass-Selected Ptn Clusters ». Accounts of Chemical Research 49, n^o 11 (17 octobre 2016) : 2632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00387.

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Palmer, R. E. « Special section on mass-selected clusters ». Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 8, n^o 3-4 (juin 2004) : 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2004.09.001.

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Abshagen, M., J. Kowalski, M. Meyberg, G. Putlitz, J. Slaby et F. Tr�ger. « Neutral mass-selected lead cluster beams ». Zeitschrift f�r Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters 19, n^o 1-4 (mars 1991) : 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01448291.

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Budzikiewicz, H. « Selected reviews on mass spectrometric topics ». Mass Spectrometry Reviews 20, n^o 3 (2001) : 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mas.10001.

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Budzikiewicz, H. « Selected reviews on mass spectrometric topics ». Mass Spectrometry Reviews 20, n^o 4 (2001) : 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mas.10006.

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Budzikiewicz, H. « Selected reviews on mass spectrometric topics ». Mass Spectrometry Reviews 20, n^o 2 (2001) : 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mas.1005.

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Budzikiewicz, H. « Selected reviews on mass spectrometric topics ». Mass Spectrometry Reviews 4, n^o 2 (1985) : 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mas.1280040204.

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Budzikiewicz, H. « Selected reviews on mass spectrometric topics ». Mass Spectrometry Reviews 4, n^o 3 (1985) : 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mas.1280040305.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Mass-selected"

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Chan, Chun-yu. « Mass spectrometric analysis of selected glycoproteins ». Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3147942X.

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Lorenz, Martin. « Matrix-isolation spectroscopy of mass-selected ions ». [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962027340.

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Bosnick, Kenneth Andrew. « Raman studies of mass-selected metal clusters ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0017/NQ53675.pdf.

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Millar, Alan L. « The mass spectrometry of selected proteins and peptides ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/65228/.

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The multi-subunit alkene monooxygenase was studied by means of electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The measured relative molecular mass (RMM) values for the epoxygenase and reductase were in good agreement the predicted RMM values calculated by means of gene sequencing. Cleavage sites were identified by means ofESI-MS at the N- and C- terminus of the coupling protein. Cleavage at the Cterminus inactivated the protein but was shown to be prevented by the addition of a protease inhibitor, benzamidine. The ceroid lipofuscinosis protein (CLP) was found to contain a +42.2 Da modification. Low energy tandem mass spectrometry confirmed 80% of the primary sequence of the CLP, indicating that the discrepancy in RMM is located on amino acid residues 30-46. Bovine heart mitochondrial subunit c was extracted as a control and was also found to contain the +42.2 Da modification. A study of the interaction ofCLP with its diagnostic inhibitor DCCD was performed. This indicated that the primary product of the reaction was an acetyl-CLP complex and not the expected CLP-DCCD complex. The p-subunit of the soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) was investigated by means of ESI-MS to locate and identify a +126.3 Da discrepancy in RMM. A tryptic digestion of the protein indicated the discrepancy to be located in a small digest peptide consisting of amino acid residues 141-146. Low energy MSIMS was used to correct the primary sequence of this peptide. The revised sequence was supported by the close similarity between the DNA nucleotide sequence for the originally suggested amino acid residue sequence and the revised sequence. The binding between a 17 amino acid micro-antibody (Micro-Ab) and two peptides which represent the V3 region of the gp 120 external glycoprotein of the HIV-l envelope protein were studied by means ofESI-MS. It was found that the interaction between the Micro-Ab and the two V3 peptides could be maintained and thus observed directly by ESI-MS. A rapid method of epitope identification was devised whereby the antigen was pre-digested before incubation with the Micro-Ab. The data identified a similar series of amino acid residues in both V3 peptides as the epitope with which the Micro-Ab interacts.

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Coffey, Jonathan A. « Mass spectrometric analysis of selected proteins and peptides ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246785.

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Cuciti, Virginia. « Radio halos in a mass-selected sample of galaxy clusters ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6574/.

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A fraction of galaxy clusters host Mpc-scale Radio Halos (RH), generated by ultrarelativistic electrons in the magnetized intra cluster medium (ICM). In the current view they trace turbulent regions in merging clusters, where relativistic particles are trapped and accelerated. This model has clear expectations about the statistical properties of RHs. To test these expectations large mass-selected samples of galaxy clusters with adequate radio and X-ray data are necessary. We used the Planck SZ cluster catalogue as suitable starting point of our investigation, selecting clusters with M500>6x10^14 Msun at 0.08

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Oduwole, Elizabeth O. « Generation of a database of mass spectra patterns of selected Mycobacterium species using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2838.

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Thesis (MScMedSc (Pathology. Medical Microbiology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
The genus Mycobacterium is a group of acid–fast, aerobic, slow- growing organisms which include more than 90 different species. A member of this genus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB), is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). This disease is currently considered a global emergency, with more than 2 million deaths and over 8 million new cases annually. TB is the world’s second most common cause of death after HIV/AIDS. About one-third of the world’s population is estimated to be infected with TB. This catastrophic situation is further compounded by the emergence of Multi Drug Resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and in more recent times, Extensive Drug Resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). Early diagnosis is critical to the successful management of patients as it allows informed use of chemotherapy. Also, early diagnosis is also of great importance if the menace of MDR-TB and XDR-TB is to be curbed and controlled. As MTB is highly infectious for humans, it is of paramount importance that TB be diagnosed as early as possible to stop the spread of the disease. Traditional conventional laboratory procedures involving microscopy, culture and sensitivity tests may require turnaround times of 3-4 weeks or longer. Tremendous technological advancement over the years such as the advent of automated liquid culture systems like the BACTEC® 960 and the MGITTM Tube system, and the development of a myriad of molecular techniques most of which involves nucleic acid amplification (NAA) for the rapid identification of mycobacterial isolates from cultures or even directly from clinical specimens have contributed immensely to the early diagnosis of tuberculosis. Most of these NAA tests are nevertheless fraught with various limitations, thus the search for a rapid, sensitive and specific way of diagnosing tuberculosis is still an active area of research. The search has expanded to areas that would otherwise not have been considered ‘conventional’ in diagnostic mycobacteriology. One of such areas is mass spectrometry. This study joins the relatively few studies of its kind encountered in available literature to establish the ground work for the application of mass spectrometry, specifically Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) in the field of diagnostic mycobacteriology. This is an area which is in need of the speed, sensitivity and specificity that MALDI-ToF technique promises to offer. Since this technology is still in its infancy, the use of utmost care in the preparation of reagents, and the handling and storage of the organisms used to generate reference mass spectra for the database cannot be overemphasized. Similarly, the optimization of certain crucial experimental factors such as inactivating method and choice of matrix is of paramount importance. The main aim of this thesis was to generate a database of reference mass spectra fingerprints of selected (repository) Mycobacterium species. This necessitated the standardization of an experimental protocol which ensured that experimental factors and the various instrument parameters were optimized for maximum spectra generation and reproducibility. A standard operating procedure (SOP) for generating the database of reference mass spectra finger print of selected Mycobacterium species was developed and used to investigate the ability of the database to differentiate between species belonging to the same clinical disease complex as well as the nontuberculosis complex. The findings of this study imply that if the defined protocol is followed, the database generated has the potential to routinely identify and differentiate (under experimental conditions) more species of Mycobacterium than is currently practical using PCR and its related techniques. It is therefore a realistic expectation that when the database is clinically validated and tested in the next phase of the study, it will contribute immensely to the diagnosis of tuberculosis and other mycobacterioses. It will also aid in the identification of emerging pathogens particularly amongst the non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

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Holcombe, Andrea Lee. « Selected health implications of low body mass : determinants and health outcomes ». Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6592.

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While the role of obesity in health outcomes has been well described, the role of low body mass index (BMI), body weight relative to height, has largely been ignored. Those with low BMI are commonly excluded completely or combined with the normal BMI category in BMI studies. However, there have been some studies indicating poorer health outcomes among those with lower BMI, particularly that of increased risk of mortality. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of low BMI throughout the lifespan. Data from the Health and Retirement Study was used to evaluate 1) the association between childhood health and socioeconomic status (SES) exposures and low BMI in midlife adulthood, 2) the association between low BMI and health related outcomes in midlife adulthood (ages 50 to 65), and 3) the association between low BMI in midlife and health related outcomes, including mortality, over a longer follow-up (maximum of 20 years). To increase sample size, two low BMI definitions were used: the traditional Few significant results were found. Low BMI status was consistently associated with older age and female gender as well as current smoking status. Childhood exposure of respiratory disease and greater SES disadvantages was more common among those with low BMI in adulthood. In midlife adulthood, low BMI status was associated with increased difficulties with activities of daily living with either definition of low BMI. Increased risk of fracture was associated with a low BMI definition of <18.5. Increased risk of lung disease and decreased risk of high blood pressure was associated with a low BMI definition of ≤20. An analysis of those 30 years old or older found low BMI to be associated with increased risk of mortality and decreased risk of diabetes regardless of low BMI definition. When low BMI was defined as <18.5, those with low BMI were also more likely to experience difficulty with one or more activities of daily living. When low BMI was defined as ≤20, low BMI status was associated with greater risk of lung disease and decreased risk of high blood pressure. Further research is needed to fully characterize the role of low BMI on health outcomes as well as the role of SES on low BMI. Additionally, there is a need for greater understanding of the potential biological mechanisms of low BMI for health outcomes. Currently, there are few studies evaluating health outcomes and SES of low BMI. Limiting studies to the extreme upper end of the BMI spectrum limits the overall understanding of the role of BMI in health and may overlook unique characteristics and challenges those with low BMI may face.

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Braun, Christian [Verfasser]. « Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of mass-selected metal-water clusters / Christian Braun ». Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1026847141/34.

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Moberg, My. « Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry : Implementation of Chemometric Optimization and Selected Applications ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7071.

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Livres sur le sujet "Mass-selected"

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Mass media in selected Muslim countries. 2^e éd. Kuala Lumpur : International Islamic University Malaysia, 2008.

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Hussain, Mohd Yusof, dir. Mass media in selected Muslim countries. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia : International Islamic University Malaysia, 2003.

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Millar, Alan L. The mass spectrometry of selected proteins and peptides. [s.l.] : typescript, 1998.

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Adorno, Theodor W. The culture industry : Selected essays on mass culture. London : Routledge, 1991.

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Adorno, Theodor W. The culture industry : Selected essays on mass culture. London : Routledge, 2001.

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M, Caprioli R., Sindona Giovanni, Malorni Antonio et North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., dir. Selected topics in mass spectrometry in the biomolecular sciences. Dordrecht : Kluwer published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division, 1997.

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Caprioli, Richard M., Antonio Malorni et Giovanni Sindona, dir. Selected Topics in Mass Spectrometry in the Biomolecular Sciences. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5165-8.

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Hossain, Mahmud. Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry (SRM-MS) in Proteomics. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53433-2.

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J, Ganguly, et Abel F, dir. Diffusion, atomic ordering, and mass transport : Selected problemsin geochemistry. New York : Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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J, Ganguly, et Abel F, dir. Diffusion, atomic ordering, and mass transport : Selected problems in geochemistry. New York : Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Mass-selected"

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Hossain, Mahmud. « Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry ». Dans Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry (SRM-MS) in Proteomics, 53–88. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53433-2_3.

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Abshagen, M., J. Kowalski, M. Meyberg, G. zu Putlitz, J. Slaby et F. Träger. « Neutral mass-selected lead cluster beams ». Dans Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters, 199–201. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76178-2_48.

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Campuzano, Iain, et Kevin Giles. « Nanospray Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry of Selected High Mass Species ». Dans Methods in Molecular Biology, 57–70. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-319-6_5.

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Brechignac, C., P. Cahuzac et J. P. Roux. « Dissociation of Photoionized Mass Selected Alkali Clusters ». Dans Elemental and Molecular Clusters, 254–62. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73501-1_12.

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Stobiecki, Maciej, Piotr Kachlicki et Henryk Jeleñ. « Mass Spectrometry in Agriculture, Food, and Flavors : Selected Applications ». Dans Mass Spectrometry Handbook, 529–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118180730.ch24.

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Geusic, M., M. Jarrold, R. Freeman, W. Brown, T. McIlrath et M. Duncan. « Photofragmentation of Mass-Selected Main Group Element Cations ». Dans Physics and Chemistry of Small Clusters, 293–98. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0357-3_42.

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Hu, Z., Q. Zhou, J. R. Lombardi et D. M. Lindsay. « Spectroscopy of Mass-Selected Zirconium Dimers in Argon ». Dans Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems : From Clusters to Crystals, 969–76. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_130.

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Ebhardt, H. Alexander. « Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry : A Methodology Overview ». Dans Methods in Molecular Biology, 209–22. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-631-3_16.

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Easterling, Michael L., et I. Jonathan Amster. « Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry ». Dans Selected Topics in Mass Spectrometry in the Biomolecular Sciences, 287–314. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5165-8_15.

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Hossain, Mahmud. « The Mass and Its Components ». Dans Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry (SRM-MS) in Proteomics, 17–52. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53433-2_2.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Mass-selected"

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Duncan, Michael A. « Infrared spectroscopy of mass-selected carbocations ». Dans PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2010 (ICCMSE-2010). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4906705.

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Smalley, R. E. « Laser Photophysics of Mass-Selected Hard Clusters ». Dans OE LASE'87 and EO Imaging Symp (January 1987, Los Angeles), sous la direction de Mostafa A. El-Sayed. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.966915.

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Farrar, James M., et Stephen G. Donnelly. « Photodissociation of mass-selected clusters : solvated metal ions ». Dans OE/LASE '92, sous la direction de Cheuk-Yiu Ng. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.58128.

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Johnson, Christopher. « ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY OF MASS-SELECTED LIGAND-PROTECTED METAL NANOCLUSTERS ». Dans 74th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois : University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2019.ma05.

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Bahnmaier, A. H., Alan G. Joly, John M. Price et Douglas Ray. « Ionization-detected rotational coherence spectroscopy of mass selected clusters ». Dans SPIE's 1995 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, sous la direction de John W. Hepburn. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.220846.

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Goebbert, Daniel J., Gerard Meijer, Knut R. Asmis, Tetuso Iguchi et Kenichi Watanabe. « 10 K Ring Electrode Trap—Tandem Mass Spectrometer for Infrared Spectroscopy of Mass Selected Ions ». Dans 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LASER PROBING—LAP 2008. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3115605.

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Cuciti, Virginia. « Radio halos in galaxy clusters : insight from a mass-selected sample ». Dans The many facets of extragalactic radio surveys : towards new scientific challenges. Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.267.0040.

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Chiu, Yu-Hui, Dale Levandier, Brad Austin, Rainer Dressler, P. Terrence Murray et Paulo Lozano. « Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Ion Emission for Selected Colloid Thruster Fuels ». Dans 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4848.

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Jozwik, Jerzy, et Katarzyna Biruk-Urban. « Mass and volume consumption of selected polymer composites under dry friction conditions ». Dans 2022 IEEE 9th International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace (MetroAeroSpace). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroaerospace54187.2022.9856363.

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Hu, Zhendong. « Optical absorption and Raman spectra of mass-selected niobium dimers in argon matrices ». Dans Recent Advances in the Uses of Light in Physics, Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2322308.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Mass-selected"

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Riel-Bagalawis, Rosa L. Identification of Selected Fibers by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, avril 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada422631.

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Harris, Georgia L. Selected Laboratoryand measurement practices and procedures to support basic mass calibrations :. Gaithersburg, MD : National Institute of Standards and Technology, mai 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6969-2019.

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Harris, Georgia L., et Jose A. Torres. Selected laboratory and measurement practices, and procedures to support basic mass calibrations. Gaithersburg, MD : National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6969.

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Harris, Georgia L. Selected laboratory and measurement practices and procedures to support basic mass calibrations. Gaithersburg, MD : National Institute of Standards and Technology, février 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6969-2018.

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Harris, Georgia L., et Jose A. Torres. Selected laboratory and measurement practices, and procedures to support basic mass calibrations. Gaithersburg, MD : National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6969r.

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Obermajer, M., M. G. Fowler, C. L. Riediger et N. Ejezie. Saturate fraction gas chromatography and mass spectrometry data for selected crude oils from Triassic reservoirs in Western Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/288060.

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Bogen, K., T. Hamilton, T. Brown, R. Martinelli, A. Marchetti, S. Kehl et R. Langston. Technical Basis Document : A Statistical Basis for Interpreting Urinary Excretion of Plutonium Based on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) for Selected Atoll Populations in the Marshall Islands. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/908128.

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Tucker, Mark L., Shimon Meir, Amnon Lers, Sonia Philosoph-Hadas et Cai-Zhong Jiang. Elucidation of signaling pathways that regulate ethylene-induced leaf and flower abscission of agriculturally important plants. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597929.bard.

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The Problem: Abscission is a highly regulated process, occurring as a natural terminal stage of development, in which various organs are separated from the parent plant. In most plant species, the process is initiated by a decrease in active auxin in the abscission zone (AZ) and an increase in ethylene, and may be accelerated by postharvest or environmental stresses. Another potential key regulator in abscission is IDA (Inflorescence Deficient in Abscission), which was identified as an essential peptide signal for floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis. However, information is still lacking regarding the molecular mechanisms integrating all these regulators. In our previous BARD funded research we made substantial progress towards understanding these molecular events in tomato, and the study is still in progress. We established a powerful platform for analysis of genes for regulatory proteins expressed in AZ. We identified changes in gene expression for several transcription factors (TFs) directly linked to ethylene and auxin signaling and several additional regulatory proteins not so obviously linked to these hormones. Moreover, we demonstrated using a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assay that several play a functional role in the onset of abscission. Based on these results we have selected 14 genes for further analysis in stably transformed tomato plants. All 14 genes were suppressed by RNA interference (RNAi) using a constitutive promoter, and 5 of them were also suppressed using an abscission-specific promoter. Transformations are currently at different stages of progress including some lines that already display an abscission phenotype. Objectives: We propose here to (1) complete the functional analysis of the stably transformed tomato plants with T2 lines and perform transcriptome analysis using custom abscission-specific microarrays; (2) conduct an indepth analysis of the role of IDA signaling in tomato leaf and flower abscission; (3) perform transcriptome and proteome analyses to extend the earlier gene expression studies to identify transcripts and proteins that are highly specific to the separation layer (i.e., target cells for cell separation) prior to the onset of abscission; (4) extend and compliment the work in tomato using a winnowed set of genes in soybean. Methodology: Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of mRNA will be used to further increase the list of abscission-associated genes, and for preparation of a custom tomato abscission microarray to test altered gene expression in transgenic plants. Tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of protein extracts from leaf petiole, flower pedicel and their AZ tissues will be used to identify the proteome of the AZ before and during abscission. AZ-specific gene promoters will be used in stably transformed tomato plants to reduce non-target phenotypes. The bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) plasmid vectors will be used for VIGS analysis in soybean. Expected Contribution: Our study will provide new insights into the regulation of ethylene-induced abscission by further revealing the role of key regulators in the process. This will permit development of novel techniques for manipulating leaf and flower abscission, thereby improving the postharvest performance of agriculturally important crops.

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Naim, Michael, Gary R. Takeoka, Haim D. Rabinowitch et Ron G. Buttery. Identification of Impact Aroma Compounds in Tomato : Implications to New Hybrids with Improved Acceptance through Sensory, Chemical, Breeding and Agrotechnical Techniques. United States Department of Agriculture, octobre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585204.bard.

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The tomato, a profitable vegetable crop in both the USA and Israel, has benefited significantly from intensive breeding efforts in both countries, and elsewhere (esp. Holland). : Modem hybrids are highly prolific and resistant to a variety of major pests. They produce attractive, firm fruit for both processing and fresh-marketing. In all cases, however, reduction in flavor and aroma have occurred concomitantly with the increase in yield. Sugars-acids ratio dominate fruit taste, whereas aroma volatiles (potent at minute ppb and ppt levels) contribute to the total characteristic tomato flavor. An increase in sugars (1-2%) contributes significantly to tomato fruit taste. However, because of energy reasons, an increase in fruit sugars is immediately compensated for by a decrease in yield. Our main objectives were to: (a) pinpoint and identify the major impact aroma components of fresh tomato; (b) study the genetic and environmental effects on fruit aroma; (c) determine precursors of appealing (flavors) and repelling (off-flavors) aroma compounds in tomato. Addition of saturated salts blocked all enzymatic activities prior to isolation of volatiles by dynamic and static headspace, using solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from highly favored (FA-612 and FA-624) and less preferred (R 144 and R 175) tomato genotypes. Impact aroma components were determined by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- MS) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). The potent odorant (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one, was identified for the first time in fresh tomato. From the ca. 400 volatile compounds in the headspace of fresh tomato, the following compounds are proposed to be impact aroma compounds: (Z)-3-hexenal, hexanal, 1-penten-3-one, 2-phenylethanol, (E)-2-hexenal, phenyl acetaldehyde, b-ionone, b-damascenone, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2H)-furanone (FuraneolR), (Z)-l,5-octadien-3-one, methional, 1-octen-3-one, guaiacol, (E,E)- and (E,Z)- 2,4-decadienal and trans- and cis-4,5-EPOXY -(E)-2-decenal. This confirms the initial hypothesis that only a small number of volatiles actually contribute to the sensation of fruit aroma. Tomato matrix significantly affected the volatility of certain impact aroma components and thus led to the conclusion that direct analysis of molecules in the headspace . may best represent access of tomato volatiles to the olfactory receptors. Significant differences in certain odorants were found between preferred and less-preferred cultivars. Higher consumer preference was correlated with higher concentrations of the following odorants: l-penten-3-one, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E,E)- and (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal and especially Furaneol, whereas lower consumer preference was associated with higher concentrations of methional, 3-methylbutyric acid, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, and 2-isobutylthiazole. Among environmental factors (salinity, N source, growth temperature), temperature had significant effects on the content of selected aroma compounds (e.g., 3-methylbutanal, 1- penten-3-one, hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, 2-isobutylthiazole, 6-methyl-5-hepten- 2-one, 1-octen-3-one, methional, 2-phenylethanal, phenyl acetaldehyde, and eugenol) in fresh tomatoes. Salt stress (20 mM NaCl) increased the content of odorants such as (Z)-3-hexenal, 2-phenylethanol and 3-methylbutanal in the R-144 cultivar whereas salinity had minor effects on 1-pentene-3-one, 2-isobutylthiazole and b-ionone. This fundamental knowledge obtained by comprehensive investigation, using modem chemical, sensory and agrotechnical methodology will assist future attempts to genetically modify the concentrations of key odorants in fresh tomatoes, and thus keep the tomato production of Israel and the USA competitive on the world market.

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Manulis, Shulamit, Christine D. Smart, Isaac Barash, Guido Sessa et Harvey C. Hoch. Molecular Interactions of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis with Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697113.bard.

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Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is the most destructive bacterial disease of tomato causing substantial economic losses in Israel, the U.S.A. and worldwide. The molecular strategies that allow Cmm, a Gram-positive bacterium, to develop a successful infection in tomato plants are largely unknown. The goal of the project was to elucidate the molecular interactions between Cmmand tomato. The first objective was to analyze gene expression profiles of susceptible tomato plants infected with pathogenic and endophytic Cmmstrains. Microarray analysis identified 122 genes that were differentially expressed during early stages of infection. Cmm activated typical basal defense responses in the host including induction of defense-related genes, production of scavenging of free oxygen radicals, enhanced protein turnover and hormone synthesis. Proteomic investigation of the Cmm-tomato interaction was performed with Multi-Dimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) and mass spectroscopy. A wide range of enzymes secreted by Cmm382, including cell-wall degrading enzymes and a large group of serine proteases from different families were identified in the xylem sap of infected tomato. Based on proteomic results, the expression pattern of selected bacterial virulence genes and plant defense genes were examined by qRT-PCR. Expression of the plasmid-borne cellulase (celA), serine protease (pat-1) and serine proteases residing on the chp/tomA pathogenicity island (chpCandppaA), were significantly induced within 96 hr after inoculation. Transcription of chromosomal genes involved in cell wall degradation (i.e., pelA1, celB, xysA and xysB) was also induced in early infection stages. The second objective was to identify by VIGS technology host genes affecting Cmm multiplication and appearance of disease symptoms in plant. VIGS screening showed that out of 160 tomato genes, which could be involved in defense-related signaling, suppression of 14 genes led to increase host susceptibility. Noteworthy are the genes Snakin-2 (inhibitor of Cmm growth) and extensin-like protein (ELP) involved in cell wall fortification. To further test the significance of Snakin -2 and ELP in resistance towards Cmm, transgenic tomato plants over-expressing the two genes were generated. These plants showed partial resistance to Cmm resulting in a significant delay of the wilt symptoms and reduction in size of canker lesion compared to control. Furthermore, colonization of the transgenic plants was significantly lower. The third objective was to assess the involvement of ethylene (ET), jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) in Cmm infection. Microarray and proteomic studies showed the induction of enzymes involved in ET and JA biosynthesis. Cmm promoted ET production 8 days after inoculation and SIACO, a key enzyme of ET biosynthesis, was upregulated. Inoculation of the tomato mutants Never ripe (Nr) impaired in ET perception and transgenic plants with reduced ET synthesis significantly delayed wilt symptoms as compared to the wild-type plants. The retarded wilting in Nr plants was shown to be a specific effect of ET insensitivity and was not due to altered expression of defense related genes, reduced bacterial population or decrease in ethylene biosynthesis . In contrast, infection of various tomato mutants impaired in JA biosynthesis (e.g., def1, acx1) and JA insensitive mutant (jai1) yielded unequivocal results. The fourth objective was to determine the role of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Cmm in xylem colonization and symptoms development. A significance increase (2 to 7 fold) in expression of cellulases (CelA, CelB), pectate lyases (PelA1, PelA2), polygalacturonase and xylanases (XylA, XylB) was detected by qRT-PCR and by proteomic analysis of the xylem sap. However, with the exception of CelA, whose inactivation led to reduced wilt symptoms, inactivation of any of the other cell wall degrading enzymes did not lead to reduced virulence. Results achieved emphasized the complexity involved in Cmm-tomato interactions. Nevertheless they provide the basis for additional research which will unravel the mechanism of Cmm pathogenicity and formulating disease control measures.

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