Thèses sur le sujet « Mathématiques – Étude et enseignement – Sénégal »
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Sokhna, Moustapha. « Formation continue à distance des professeurs de mathématiques du Sénégal : conception de ressources pédagogiques et processus de genèse instrumentale ». Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20223.
Texte intégralSagna, Oumar. « L'histoire des mathématiques au service d'une nouvelle didactique de la discipline dans les cursus scolaires au Sénégal : approches théoriques et applications ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2035.
Texte intégralOur experience as a mathematics teacher has led us to explore a way that is still underused in Senegal, introducing a historical perspective into mathematics education, to check if it could interest students and motivate them to scientific studies.This thesis, which consists of seven chapters; the first five of which deal with the state of the art and the theoretical approaches. The last two describe and analyze the experimentation carried out in class of “Quatrième” at a College in the suburbs of Dakar.Chapter I is devoted on the one hand to the nature and specificity of mathematics to better understand the difficulties related to its teaching, and on the other hand to a review of the literature on the introduction of a historical perspective into teaching of mathematics, which clarified the use of history in the mathematics classroom. In this chapter are also defined the didactic framework of the thesis and the methodology used to carry out an experimentation in class of “Quatrième”.The context of our research was then detailed in Chapter II through a thorough description of the Senegalese educational system characterized by good results in the construction of classrooms and new scientific and technical blocks (BST), the parity index favorable to girls in primary school and high schools, but also by insufficiencies with the plethoric numbers of students, the weakness of the pedagogic supervision, the desertion of the scientific disciplines, the poor results in examinations certifications and external evaluations in mathematics.The presence of the History of Mathematics in curricula, textbooks and teacher training schemes is examined in Chapter III and compared to France, which has enormous potential in the field.These historical informations served as the subject for the didactic analysis proposed in Chapter IV, which also contains another input to the analysis: the illustrated description of the different types of use of the History of Mathematics. The didactic analysis inspired us in the development of a repertoire integrating the History of Mathematics, proposed to evolve the Senegalese programs.Chapter V, quizzes mathematics students and teachers, prior to the experiment, to collect and analyze their opinions and practices regarding the introduction of a historical perspective. The President of the National Commission of Mathematics (CNM) of Senegal is also put to contribution, through an interview, to give his opinion on the question and to bring us clarifications on some options of the program.The experimentation that we have done is discussed in Chapter VI and concerns six sessions in class of "Quatrième" which relate to the intersection of a circle and a line, the condition of existence of a triangle, the history of numbers, the equation modelling, the resolution of equations of the type ax + b = 0, and the theorem of Pythagoras. We have conceived their didactic engineering. They were then tested by a teacher in our presence. The sequences in the classroom were filmed and transcribed.The last chapter focuses on the analysis of experimentation, which was based on Chevallard’s Anthropological Theory of Didactics (TAD) through praxeology and didactical moments to study students’tasks and filmed sequences. Barbin’s three hypothetical arguments, namely replacement, disorientation, and cultural understanding, were also used in this chapter, along with the analysis of questionnaire responses and interviews submitted to students one year after the experiment, to measure positive effects of experimentation on students.The general conclusion provides information on the results of the experiment which are on the whole very promising in the framework of the improvement of the teaching lessons of the mathematics in Senegal despite the difficulties noted in the management of the time and related to the large number of students in the class where the experiment took place
Ndiaye, Abdourakhmane. « Changements climatiques : de la modélisation du phénomène à son éducation. Application au cas des enseignants sénégalais du primaire. Le climat, du savoir scientifique aux modèles d’intégration assignée (Integrated Assessements Models) 1 Environmental education to education for sustainability development : challenges and issues Education for sustainable development : a conceptual and methodological approach De l’éducation au développement durable (EDD) aux Objectifs du Développement Durable (ODD), de nouvelles prescriptions pour les pays du Sud ? Integrated assessment models and other climate policy tools Eduquer aux changements climatiques au Sénégal, une initiation au modèle REDOC via les représentations sociales ». Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD007.
Texte intégralOur research has been focused on clarifying the scope, characteristics and principles of Climate ChangeEducation for Sustainable Development (CCESD) in order to implement curricula. This issue is part ofa dual framework : an interdisciplinary approach (linking Climate Science, Economics and EducationSciences) and the integration of CCESD into the primary cycle of the Senegalese education system. Ourresearch methodology was based on two inputs : the dynamics of complex systems (Forrester, 1969,Morin, 1977, 1980) to provide knowledge and the REDOC model (Representations, EducationalApproach, Didactic Tools and Skills) to understand teachers’ representations. The results of our researchled us to identify two postulates, facilitating a CCESD. On the one hand, the register of knowledge thatmust be activated to implement CCESD (four types : scientific knowledge, institutional knowledge,measured knowledge and pedagogical knowledge). On the other hand, the analysis of learners'representations is a necessary and essential step to set up a diversified and complementary set ofpedagogies, develop appropriate didactic tools and propose a contextualised skills referenceframework. In our research, the representations of Senegalese primary school teachers were discussedon the basis of a survey. We highlighted their representations of sustainable development, climatechange or global warming. In the case of Senegal, we observed that the issue of climate change had tobe linked to other controversial issues in the school system : the status of teachers, the quality ofinfrastructure, the issue of public health, the problem of the lack of school canteens, etc. Another wayof reminding us that the goals of sustainable development (SGD) are systemic and that qualityeducation (SDG 4) can be a key driver for change
Ndao, Abdou Wahab Boly. « L'enseignement de l'allemand en afrique noire francophone. L'exemple du senegal. Etude comparee ». Paris 8, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA080260.
Texte intégralWhat are the reasons which can urge black african states such as senegal, to learn occidental languages? the choices of our educational system are only political, cultural and economical. . . We do not learn foreign languages just for the pleasure of knowledge; talking is not an aim, but a mean for communication. . . In a world where the balance of power is one of the main aspects, the under-developped states have better to wide-spread and to multiplicate their friendship and to get protected by them. . . On the cultural theme, though it has a great importance, it doesn't appear for african peaple the major aim of learning the german language. If we have to recognize that economy is today the main aspect in our world, considering the economical power of the german nations and specially of the federal rep. Of germany, we can still say that the teaching of the german language is bound to a great devotion
Sambou, Aly. « Traduction pédagogique et didactique des LVE en milieu multilingue : le cas du Sénégal : Implications sociolinguistiques ». Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN1616.
Texte intégralConsidered on university space, this thesis focuses on pedagogic translation and foreign language teaching in a so multilingual context like Senegal. Without addressing in depth the issue of universality of a translation teaching method in language departments, this study proposes, among other things, to reconsider it in a context of important cultural and linguistic profusion. Assuming that this situation of multilingualism inevitably entails certain peculiarities in teaching and learning, we explore some ways and means conducive to the setting-up of an integrated approach to translation teaching, likely to assist Senegalese students to ensure linguistic productions with fewer interferences in vernacular language and culture. Thus, through a corpus consisting mainly of students’ translations from three English texts into French, research and analysis of the influence of local languages on performances in translation reveal the presence of three components with unequal impact: grammatical-syntactic, lexical and tropological. The latter are features of the various forms of interference frequently found out. With this plural observation, we intend to contribute in paving the way for an integrated teaching approach of translation in a undoubtedly complex sociolinguistic context
Sow, Fatimata. « Étude des parcours d'orientation scolaire et professionnelle de la classe de 5e (enseignement moyen) jusqu'à l'enseignement supérieur au Sénégal ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66889.
Texte intégralDiallo, Mor Talla. « Conte et lecture à l'école primaire sénégalaise ». Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR21004.
Texte intégralSince independence, failures of senegalese educational system are obvious and are back grounded by a crisis in the social cultural and pedagogical aspect of school. The consequences of this are a lowering efficiency of school and a fierce cultural identity crisis. According to some this is due to the fact that, the school only aims at reproducing social inequalities, in a context where the impact of social classes is not important. For others, the crisis is caused by the marginalisation of the traditional school and to the extravert aspect of the modern one. With regard to all this, we hypothesize that "story will be a mean for the learning of reading and writing". During our field work we interviewed both pupils and teachers, that is those using story as a means of socialisation and those being socialised with it. It now appears that the practice of oral story is more efficient than the using of the written one, if taken in consideration, its effects on pupil's intelligence and reading ability
Lauton, Michelle. « Enjeux et réalités de l'enseignement des mathématiques en IUT dans les départements de gestion : le cas des mathématiques financières ». Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070096.
Texte intégralThis thesis is devoted to in an exploratory work about mathematical teaching in french technological university institutes (iut) for undergraduates in management. It is divided into two main parts: ** a study of didactical transpositions involved in this level and this particular section ** a study of metacognitive representations of students about mathematics. The study of didactical transpositions begins with an overall look. Then the curriculum of iut is compared with curriculums of neighbouring cursus. Afterwards, we study financial mathematics, starting from a typology of teaching exercices and from an analysis of tools used for their solving. We show that the real complexity of financial mathematics at this level does not lie in the mathematical objects and their processing - which are rather elementary - but in the interweaving of mathematics, economics and management. This "a priori analysis" is completed by an analysis of the main books about this subject. It shows which way these problems are managed and allows to point their main features: presentation mainly guided by financial point of view, learming by repeating many exercices, recognising and using of formulas, lack of modern means of computation. At the end of this study, we raise the question of the compatibility of the quoted teaching objectives with the reality of professional practises, seeing that most of the iut students are supposed to deal with. The study of metacognitive representations of students is driven using a questionnaire which has been filled by 228 students. It shows that their representation is evolving from a traditionnal picture of mathematics to a picture where the professional side takes place. Moreover, we show that this new relationship with mathematics is built by students, who had difficulties with mathematics while they were at school in the majority of
Timera, Mamadou Bouna. « L'invention de la géographie scolaire au Sénégal (de la période coloniale à nos jours) ». Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070056.
Texte intégralLn Senegal, school geography was born with colonization. It was dealing with knowledge and the inventory of the resources, as well as the transmission of supposedly western values inside the indigenous circle. When the Independance came, it took a totally different position. With history, school geography was supposed to bring social renewal into all the African French-speaking and Malagasy countries. These countries assigned to them a specific role: they were supposed to originate "africanity" and be the development and construction factor of their unity, implying the use of a pioneer and common reform that had to initialise the adaptation of teaching, methods to African realities and the rupture with the colonial model. However, the Pan-African model didn't appear to be incompatible with the imperative of the construction of the state-nation. National construction becoming more and more a priority, geography was found, in Senegal, domesticated by the political speech that showed the State as the unilateral producer of national space, to give form to its own territory and decline the identity of the national community. Today, this mission is preserved but also widened to the training of citizens more involved into questions of environment and development than before. The object of this thesis is thus to understand how school speech made the complexity of the world visible, while inventing itself to be able to answer the social stakes and realities that conditioned it, which in addition clarifies the elements of rupture and continuity related to the teaching of this discipline, from the colonial period to nowadays
Ka, Aminata. « Perceptions et performances en éducation environnementale (EE) des élèves des collèges d'enseignement moyen (CEM) du Sénégal à travers les pratiques d'enseignement en économie familiale sociale (EFS) ». Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21585.
Texte intégralThe study is part of the assessment of enviromental education in the Senegalese formal educational system. It is based particularly on the current family socio-economic program, which, like life and land sciences and geography, prentends to do to environmental education through the themes conducted in class. The current research, aims, on the one hand, from the class attended by the pupils (6th, 5th, 3rd forms), and their environment (urban, suburban, rural), to describe, from investigation questionnaires, their social determinant and their perceptions of the context of class, the method used by the teacher and motivation generated, during the conduct of the course in environmental education. On the other hand, the study assesses the performances of pupils, following the level of class attended, from tests derived from the achievements of pupils. The measure of changes to the perceptions and performance in environmental education, compared to class groups, has enable us to compare the averages for pupils of different groups of classes according to the middle of inclusion, has the support of the analysis by the test of Bonferroni of Schiffer. The tests of PEARSON enabled us to control the correlation between perceptions en performance in environmental education, for different involved groups and draw the educational, instructional and methodological conclusions. Thus, 1986 pupils attending grammar school toof part in the investigations. The data processing has allowed us to highlight the growing gap between the perceptions and performance in environmental education and this for all the forms considered. Beyong the reponses to the assumptions of research, the urgency of a coherent decision making in the field of environmental education for sustainable development has been demonstrated by coming up with a teacher training program closely connected to the objectives of environmental education and especially contred on the learner's social integration
Stölting, Pascal. « Die Entwicklung funktionalen denkens in der sekundarstufe I : vergleichende analysen und empirische studien zum mathematikunterricht in Deutschland und Frankreich ». Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070001.
Texte intégralFunctional dependencies are experienced almost daily by everybody, but the results of many studies show that students have difficulties in dealing with problems from that domain. This thesis compares the approach of functional dependencies in France and Germany (with the example of Bavaria). In the first part functional thinking is defined in a precise way and connected to some important theoretical frameworks used in France and Germany, such as the Grundvorstellungen (vom Hofe), the registres sémiotiques (Duval) and the concept image (Vinner). The instruments necessary for the analyses of this work are also developed. The following chapters compare the programs and the school books of both countries. The goal is to clarify how the students are assisted in the development of functional thinking. After that some strong points and weak points identified in the prior analysis are detected in practice. Two different approaches are chosen to study how students use the functional thinking and which problems occur during this work: Quantitative analyses of the data from PISA and PALMA are made in order to show the relationship with the results of prior chapters. Qualitative analyses of an interview study conducted in France an Germany are made in order to document some strong points and some weak points which have been identified in preceding chapters. Finally some propositions are made on the basis of the results of this work in order to try to avoid weak points of both countries on the one hand and to benefit from the strong points on the other hand
Dugrand, Marcel. « Approches théorique, expérimentale et clinique de l'enseignement du football : exemple au Sénégal ». Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN1009.
Texte intégralJohsua, Marie-Alberte. « Les contraintes didactiques comme problème : deux études de cas sur le système d'enseignement des mathématiques ». Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11334.
Texte intégralGueye, Babacar. « Analyse didactique de l'épreuve de biologie aux baccalauréats C et D de 1970 à 1985 au Sénégal ». Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077068.
Texte intégralCabassut, Richard. « Démonstration, raisonnement et validation dans l'enseignement secondaire des mathématiques en France et en Allemagne ». Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070014.
Texte intégralFor the study of the proof we adapt Toulmin's theoretical frame on arguments of plausibility and arguments of necessity to Chevallard's anthropological theory of didactics. The validations of mathematic teaching are the double transposition of proofs from the mathematical institution (producing the knowledge) and validations (argumentations and proofs) from other institutions (like the "daily life"). The diachronic study of curricula of French “collège-lycée” and of German Gymnasium (in Baden-Württemberg), confirmed by the study of textbooks shows that proof is explicitly taught as opposed to the cases of Realschule and Hauptschule. These curricula advise the use of different types of validation (argumentation, proof. ) and arguments (pragmatic, semantic, syntactic) depending on the functions and when they are introduced: The influence of the functions of validation on the different types of tasks (discovering, controlling, changing registers. . . ) is also observed in lessons on proof. In spite of linguistic, institutional, and cultural difficulties in comparing France and Germany, the study of validations, of class theorems in textbooks, and of proofs produced by students, shows similarities about combining different types of arguments as well as different types of functions. Differences are observed on the types of technology and technique involved in the validation and on the weight given to different types of arguments and registers used, with an explanation related to the institutional conditions (moment of introduction, didactical contract, function, educational system. . . )
Diouf, François Malik. « Les ressources numériques dans l'enseignement supérieur sénégalais : état des lieux et étude prospective ». Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL042/document.
Texte intégralIt is in the context of poverty or information exclusion that the massive dissemination of information and technology tools in Senegalese academic libraries responds to an urgent need for transformation and improvement of operational modes as well as modernization of services for different audiences, in particular students. Currently, in almost all academic and research libraries of Senegal digitization activities that crossed the rise of the Internet are being developed. This has created a real increasing effect of digital resources, by the establishment of means of creation and by expansion of access and of sharing of scientific and technical information in higher education institutions. The development of information technology and communication - the true vectors of documentary practices among Senegalese academic libraries users – together with the growth of digital resources, will inevitably turn the traditional relationship between students and libraries upside down. The objective of this thesis is, therefore, to study the transformation of the librarians’ profession, information culture of students, and their use of digital resources, with regard to sociocultural, political, economic, and sociotechnical contexts of Senegal; and in the context of the information society under construction. Thus, through this study, a prospective analysis devoted to the development and the emergence of libraries can be constructed
Lounis, Ali. « L'introduction aux modèles vectoriels en physique et en mathématiques : conceptions et difficultés des élèves : essai de remédiation ». Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10031.
Texte intégralThe empiric study of students difficulties, when learning and usingbasic vectorial models; shows that these are marked by an important hold of numerical, and a neat tendancy to a "monovalent" kind of reasoning. The secondary school students favor the scalar over the spatial aspect of the physical vector quantities (strength and velocity). Their conceptions are tenacious, and they habitualy not evolve, in spite of the high level of acquisition of the concept of "mathematic vector". We also have relieved some remarkable analogies with epistemologic obstacles wich have conditionned the historical development of the first vectorial formalized concepts, during next century. In an experiment essay of remedying, it thus appeared to us appropriated to encourage a synthesis of what has been transposed and learned in physics and mathematics. We have organized in two classes of "seconde" (tenth grade), observed during one year, interdisciplinary sessions, to explain the relations, the similitudes and the differences between "mathematical vector" and physical vector quantity. Three questionnaires to these classes and to six control groups show a noticeable reduction in the performances (improved) gap between these disciplines
Amra, Nadia. « La transposition didactique du concept de fonction : comparaison entre les systèmes d'enseignement français et palestiniens ». Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070047.
Texte intégralThis curricular-type research is concerned with the didactical transposition of the concept of function at secondary teaching level in France (corresponding to 10th and 11th grades) and Palestine (10th, 11th and 12th grades). In the first part, we present our problematic, theoretical frames and methodology. The second part handles out the study of the "institutional relation" to the concept of function in each one of the two teaching systems through the analysis of syllabus and textbooks. The third part is concerned by the study of the "personal relation" of students to the same object, it corresponds to the experimental part of our research and relies on a questionnaire. This comparative study reveals the institutional organisation weight on the knowledge acquired by students. Concerning more specifically the curricular project, it brings some light on mathematical organisations relative to the mathematical theme of functions
Erdogan, Abdulkadir. « Le diagnostic de l'aide à l'étude, en mathématiques : analyse didactique des difficultés relatives à l'algèbre et aux fonctions en seconde ». Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070037.
Texte intégralThis thesis focuses on the autonomous study, i. E. On the autonomous part of work which returns to the pupils' responsabilities in the acquisition of knowledges aimed by the school (learning of the lesson, exercises, homework, revision, preparation of examination, etc. ), and on the conditions under which the didactic System places, de facto, this work. From the hypothesis that the autonomous study poses specifically didactic problems and from our preliminary statement that the help to the study proves to be problematic, we are led to engage a thorough research on the precise nature of this work, on its stakes and on the conditions of its functioning, in the specified case of mathematics. We tackle these questions under the angle of the diagnosis, regarded as a preliminary and necessary step to any proposition of remediation and improvement. The thesis concerns the 10th grade, a class of transition as well according to of the contents of teaching as the stakes of the schooling, and it is centered on the algebraic and functional part of the curriculum. By developing a tool of analysis and interpretation around the concept of "mathematical site" that we introduce, and by analyzing in a crossed way several types of data relative to four classes (official texts, textbooks, observations of teaching, pupils' exam papers, questionnaire, individual interviews with pupils and teachers), the thesis leads to identify elements of diagnosis to reconsider the organization of the curriculum, the didactic situations of study and to imagine what could be a relevant help to study
Çalişkan, Dedeoğlu Nuray. « Usages de la géométrie dynamique par des enseignants de collège. Des potentialités à la mise en oeuvre : quelles motivations, quelles pratiques ? » Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070041.
Texte intégralUsing a methodology, based on the observation of ordinary lessons, we investigate how teachers actually use technology in the classroom. We first focus on the gap between, the potentialities of technology, highlighted in the current research, also in the institutional will to incorporate this technology in teaching, and, the reality of its weak integration into the classroom. We consider this gap to be a result of the utilisation constraints of technology, which are studied in numerous works in the didactic of mathematics. The assumption is that teachers, who decide to use technology, are mainly motivated by its potentiality and that they make the decision even though they are aware of its utilisation constraints. We analyse the relation between these potentialities and those expressed in the research and the official curriculum, and their actualisation in class practices. We specifically investigate the uses of dynamic geometry in junior high school classes (12-15 year old pupils), which have received a lot of attention from the research community. Also we investigate the benefits of the uses of dynamic geometry as stressed in the official curriculum in France. In this thesis, we present the analysis of lessons, in which we highlight two different types of uses b; three teachers. In order to more in depth characterise the implementation by these teachers and its complexity, we use a theoretical model to assess this analysis
Bouchard, Jérôme. « La transition primaire/secondaire : étude des programmes mathématiques ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27466.
Texte intégralSol, Gilbert. « Télématique et formation, cas particulier de l'enseignement des mathématiques ». Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070168.
Texte intégralThe thesis includes three parts. In the first one, a technical survey of the telematic resources available in france, such as mainframes, minitel, telephonic links and transpac network, or standard software is done. An overview of the french norm for videotex is supplied. In the second part and according to the main axis of objects and tools typology, a classification of the possible uses of telematics in education is set up, applied mostly to mathematics, in connection with some eventual on line data services dedicated or linked to a large establishment of a universitary kind. The chief problems, technical or didactical ones, are reviewed and some solutions are drawn. The third part consists of a critical analysis of the principal on line data services actually in france acting in the feld of mathematics teaching. Appended are thoroughest investigations of norms antiope, iso 6429 or minitel 1b some programs and problem specifications
Ndiaye, Daouda. « L'enseignement des langues nationales à l'école primaire : le cas du wolof au Sénégal ». Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/143342959#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texte intégralThe basis of our thesis is the research in Senegal of effective strategies to establish a bilingual system (French, national languages) in primary schools. The lessons of experimentation, classes on television (French, Wolof), and the difficulties in implementing the blueprint on the testing of the national languages in 2002 led to the conclusion that the promotion of a national language is contradictory with social and educational practices in Senegal. The major interest of our work is to broaden the scope of research on the study of these paradoxes. Indeed, doctorial theses and articles devoted to them are essentially the work of linguists. But linguistics, as the scientific study of human language, in the Saussurienne sense, can not exhaust the subject matter. Moreover, it retains all of its importance in the educational aspects for teaching the national languages. However, language, as a social phenomenon, allows one to grasp the difficulties of establishing educational bilingual French- national languages in Senegal. In 2008, as the testing of bilingual classes were coming to an end, many contributors were dealing with the issue of teaching the national languages from a polemic, rather than a scientific perspective. However, they, the contributors, would benefit from using a conceptual apparatus based on the analysis of institutional and educational failures, which caused the failure of the experiment of national languages. The challenges of universal enrolment in primary school and the guaranty of 50% literacy rate by 2015 is heavily correlated on this multidisciplinary approach to language policy that we propose in the dynamics of education throughout life
Gers, Jean-Noël. « Mathématiques de proximité en formation d'adultes ». Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1afeac52-2140-47c3-92a3-fbb7856180d4.
Texte intégralRuminot, Vergara Carolina. « Effets d'un système national d'évaluation sur l'enseignement des mathématiques : le cas de SIMCE au Chili ». Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070061.
Texte intégralIn our research we studied the effects of a standardized evaluation system on mathematics teaching, considering the specific case of the SIMCE evaluation in Chile. This evaluation increasingly influences the educational system, including its organization, the teaching program, the content, the proposed mathematical tasks, and by consequence the teaching practices. Various studies show that such effects are not necessarily positive. They also show how the pressure exerted on schools and teachers to improve their evaluation scores tend to produce a damaging focus on preparing students to take the evaluation. From a theoretical framework standpoint, we considered the Anthropological Theory of Didactics, which seemed appropriate given the role of institutions within this theory. Since our study was focused on geometry, we also used the concept of Geometric Paradigm. The analyses performed allowed us to position the SIMCE evaluation compared to other international evaluations: PISA, TIMSS and SERCE. We also investigated to what extent SIMCE is representative of the values, the content and the spirit of the Chilean curriculum. During our field study, conducted in 12 institutions, we examined the relation of the teachers to SIMCE, and showed its dependence on the socio-economic level of the institutions. We also identified some of the various measures put in place to prepare students for the SIMCE evaluation, highlighting certain effects on the teaching practices, such as the curricular contraction observed at the level of the mathematical content and tasks
Fall, Ousmane Sow. « Les programmes de français dans l'enseignement moyen-secondaire au Sénégal de 1960 à la loi d'orientation 91-22 de 1991 ». Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030062.
Texte intégral1 - WHEN WE ASK THE ACTORS IN THE AFRICAN FRENCH SPEAKING EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM, THEY ALL SAY THAT THEY ARE VICTIMS OF THE WAY SCHOOL CURRICULA ARE ADMINISTRATED. 2 - IN FACT, THE ANALYSIS OF THE FRENCH SYLLABUS IN THE LONG RUN ALLOWS THE FOLLOWING REMARKS: - THE FRENCH SYLLABUSES ARE EXTROVERT ; - THE OPTION FOR LITERATURE TEACHING EXCLUDES IPSO FACTO NUMEROUS LEARNING MEDIUM USEFUL TO THE TRAINING OF CITIZEN ; - THERE IS PARADOXALLY NO COHERENT POLICY OF PROMOTING READING ; - PRE - SERVICE OR IN SERVICE TRAINING FOR TEACHERS DOES NOT EQUIP ITS AUDITORS with NECESSARY COMPETENCE TO MAKE STUDENTS BECOME EFFECTIVE READERS ; - THE STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING FRENCH REMAIN ON THE WHOLE A BIT OF ROUTINE ; - IN ADDITION, FRENCH, WHICH IS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE AND THE TEACHING IDIOMA, IS NOT, IN SENEGAL, THE LINGUA FRANCA FOR SOCIAL EXCHANGES. 3 - SAFEGUARD MEASURES MUST THUS BE ENVISAGED, IN THIS MULTILINGUAL CONTEXT FOR LEARNING FRENCH : - COORDONATE THE AUTHORITIES IN CHARGE OF MANAGING SYLLABUSES SO THAT THEIR CONSENSUAL DEFINITION COULD TAKE ACCOUNT REALLY AVAILABLE RESOURCES ; - MOVE FROM THE FORMULATION OF THE SYLLABUSES IN TERMS OF CONTENTS TO THE INDICATION OF THE LEVEB OF COMPETENCE WHICH CONFER USEFULL HABILITIES ; - ORGANIZE LEARNING AND EVALUATING DEVICES THAT PUT TEACHERS AND STUDENTS IN NETWORKS FOR EXCHANGE AND MUTUEL HELP TO LEARN HOW TO READ, WRITE, SPEAK AND LISTEN AT THE SAME TIME. . BECAUSE TEACHING FRENCH IN LARGE CLASSES IN AFRICA REQUIRES NEW LEGITIMACIES AND NEW WAYS OF DOING, IN THE BUILDING OF A FRENCH SPEAKING COMMONWEALTH
Alson, Haran Pedro. « Éléments pour une théorie de la signification en didactique des mathématiques ». Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12337.
Texte intégralSeghir, Latifa. « Projet d'apprendre et réussite en mathématiques au collège : le cas d'élèves marocains de collège à Casablanca ». Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE29035.
Texte intégralBen, Salah Breigeat Chedlia. « Les connaissances mathématiques des nouveaux enseignants de mathématiques au collège à l'épreuve du feu : une étude de cas ». Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070056.
Texte intégralWe studied one aspect of the practices of secondary school teachers, looking for traces of their own mathematical knowledge in a classroom situation. We examined three new teachers with an implicit objective : to understand how they put in place their teaching practices. The research was based on two aspects. The first one is a double analysis (quantitative and qualitative) of how the teachers talk to their students in the classrooms. The second one is a comparison between the teachers'spoken word and the contents of the textbooks used in the classrooms. We studied fourth year teachers and analysed one lesson per teacher. We took into account the effect of the students'oral response to the teachers'spoken word. The obtained results seemed to show that there was a dependence link between the adaptation of teachers' speeches to students and the availability of their own mathematical knowledge in the classroom situation. Our case studies showed three approaches : one teacher seemed to forbid herself to use mathematical knowledge that what different from that of her students; one teacher seemed to want to share her knowledge with that of her students and the third one seemed to put a limit between her knowledge and that of her students (she behaved as if she thought that her mathematical knowledge would be of no benefit to her students). Regarding the adaptation to students, the most successful approach was that of the teacher who shared her knowledge with her students. The three teachers organised the classroom exchanges very differently. The only similarity being the exchanges linked to mathematical contents. Comparing the teachers' spoken word in a classroom and the contents of the textbooks, we noticed a correspondence between the way the teachers did their preparation works outside the classroom and the way they gave their lessons
Koleza-Adam, Eugénie. « Décalages cognitifs dans les problèmes de proportionnalité ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13093.
Texte intégralBruillard, Éric. « Mathématiques et enseignement intelligemment assisté par ordinateur : une vision hypertexte des environnements d'apprentissage ». Le Mans, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LEMA1009.
Texte intégralDe, Souza Leão Maia Lícia. « Les représentations des mathématiques et de leur enseignement : exemple des pourcentages ». Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H010.
Texte intégralThis dissertation aims at defining the impact of continuing education and training the professional life of teachers. Indeed to allow the individual to integrate into, and take part in, the life of society, the educational system, as Brazilian society undergoes radical transformation, is compelled to face up to a widening gap between more and more specialized knowledge - tending to universality - and knowledge as it may convey cultural differences. Two theorical angles lie at the basis of this study : the theory of social representations, grounded in social psychology, and the theory of fields of conceptions, as expressed by g. Vergnaud in the domain of cognitive psychology. These theories, when used jointly in the field of the didactics of mathematics, can throw light on the connection between "common sense knowledge" and scientific knowledge. We therefore posed the problems according to these theories : how fair can continuing education and training contribute to transforming the representations teachers have mathematics and about teaching them, in particular as regards percentages? We chose multidimensional methodological approach : closed and open questions, free association questionnaire and semi-directive interviews. 127 Brazilian teachers have been questioned. They have been classified into 6 groups, according to the length of time during which they took part in continuing education in the laboraty for mathematics teaching at Pernambuco federal university. The data have been processed according to factorial analysis of correspondances. Brazilian teachers emphasize the functional aspects of mathematics, as they seem to be keener on immediate application in daily life than as helping minds to develop. The impact this training can be seen in the way they attempt to introduce abstract mathematics, wich partain to science - into classroom, while at the same time keeping close to the students' real experiences. Games deem to be particularly favoured into this strategy. As for their representation of percentages, they emphasize the importance of the economic context. From a mathematical point of view, the notion of "whole-part" is at the basis of this representation, which also uses the notion of fraction, decimal numbers and rules of three
Guzman, Retamal Ismenia del Carmen. « Le rôle des représentations dans l'appropriation de la notion de fonction ». Strasbourg 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13048.
Texte intégralThe teaching of functions uses natural language and several registers of representation (graphic, algebraic, tables, algorithms). But the analysis of the activities also emphasizes the role of the articulations between the various representations ; the corresponding activities, more semiotical than mathematical, are not actually sollicited in curricula. From a questionnaire on affine functions submitted to french students (15 years old), it appears than the changes from one regiser to another, which are a blind point in the teaching of functions, are far from being understood spontaneously. The few correct answers given by the students in the tasks corresponding to these changes seem to be statistically independant, if not opposed
Baştürk, Savaş. « L'enseignement des mathématiques en Turquie : le cas des fonctions au lycée et au concours d'entrée à l'Université ». Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070069.
Texte intégralThe aim of this study is to diagnose grade 9 (15-16 year-old) students at high school level for the case of functions. On contrary to French university entrance examinations (baccalauréat), the university examination preparations in Turkey require extra course work apart from the courses in high schools. However, this results in the absence of a real mathematical practice and superficial learning in high schools. This also causes students some difficulties at undergraduate level. This study reports the findings various analysis; the analysis of high school and undergraduate programmes, the analysis of high school and university preparation textbooks, the analysis of questions on functions that were asked in university entrance examinations in the previous years, the analysis of questionnaires on the teaching of functions which were administered to the teachers in high schools and university examination preparation courses, the analysis of grade 9 students' written reports on functions, the analysis of the questionnaires on beliefs for mathematics teaching which were administered to undergraduate students
Ligozat, Florence. « Un point de vue de didactique comparée sur la classe de mathématiques : étude de l'action conjointe du professeur et des élèves à propos de l'enseignement , apprentissage de la mesure des grandeurs dans des classes françaises et suisses romandes ». Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX1A115.
Texte intégralCoppé, Sylvie. « Processus de vérification en mathématiques chez les élèves de première scientifique en situation de devoir surveillé ». Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10274.
Texte intégralTangour, Mondher. « Analyse des acquisitions des élèves en mathématiques et en sciences en première année du collège ». Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOL011.
Texte intégralThe thesis analyses pupils achievement in mathematics and sciences at the first grade of the secondary level in Tunisia. It is based on classical schooling production function. Data concerning pupils, teachers and schools have been collected during the 1994-1995 school year. Two standardised tests have been used to assess pupils achievement in mathematics and sciences at the beginning ant at the end of the school year. The first section concerns individual factors affecting pupils achievement. A second section is devoted to the schooling factors. The impact of the schooling factors is analysed both at the individual level and at the class level. A third section analyses teachers attitudes and pedagogical activities and the contribution of these elements to the teachers pedagogical effectiveness
Praslon, Frédéric. « Continuités et ruptures dans la transition terminale S/deug sciences en analyse : le cas de la notion de dérivée et son environnement ». Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070007.
Texte intégralBahra, Mohamed. « Problèmes de didactique de la numération : échecs et succès de la remathématisation ». Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10533.
Texte intégralDouaire, Jacques. « Analyse didactique des processus de preuve dans le domaine numérique au cycle 3 de l'école primaire ». Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070034.
Texte intégralThe object of this research is the development of proving in the pupils' productions when they resolve arithmetical problems at the end of primary school (9-11 years old). The experimentation was carried out for several years through the elaboration of a didactical engineering in schools situated in defavorised areas. Three axes are chosen : the pupils' argumentations and proofs, the nature of problems, the didactical situations' variables and teachers' management of collective moments. The theorical part of this research is based upon the theory of didactical situations, and on works about proof and argumentation, especially Balacheff and Duval's ones. It allows an analysis of proofs during the primary school : exhaustive proofs, counterexamples and reasoning laid upon knowings. The construction of a new typology of proofs, after the experimentation, allows us to analysis the productions of proofs and their evolutions (concerning proceedings, properties and justifications). A comparative analysis of two sequences, about a same problem, at the beginning and at the end of the elaboration of a situation, shows the importance of the formulation moments. The analysis of the leading by the teacher of collective moments in ordinary teaching sequences precises the relation between favorable linguistic and socials pratics and thé proving process. It asks the gestion of institutionalization in this kind of situations
Kane, Saliou. « Guidage dans les activités expérimentales de physique et chimie : analyse de contexte du Sénégal et propositions argumentées d'innovations ». Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112048.
Texte intégralThe research being about the renewal of laboratory work of physics and chemistry at high school level in Senegal, it comprises a context analysis of teaching in this country, in particular concerning the orientations of official instructions as well as students' relationship to knowledge. The existing situation is analysed thanks to written questionnaires and individual interviews proposed to various categories of teachers, and to students. In addition, direct observations have been carried out. The theoretical part builds a framework for the analyses and a conceptual framework for the research. The present didactical concepts allowing to characterise the experimental activities, the notion of " issue ", conceptual/procedural/epistemological objectives, function and didactical modes, are revisited. The direct observations in classrooms having provided which experiments teachers choose, the " issues " and objectives they attribute to experimental activities, as well as the respective roles of teacher/students , it then is possible to establish bases for innovation. Taking into account the context, and also the context of initial teacher training, we developed a whole set of consistent innovative labwork activities. They have been organised, observed and analysed during sessions of " simulation " with student-teachers, then carried out in a real class-room. This has also be put into operation by experimented teachers. This work allows to test the relevance of various concepts of research in science education , through case studies, constructs a tool of teacher training and opens perspectives towards the renewed wording of curricula
Lafon, Jean-Claude. « La Motivation pour les mathématiques de collège : étude auprès d'une cohorte d'élèves ». Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT3002.
Texte intégralMotivation is considered as a main parameter of mathematical acquisitions in junior high school. It has been studied along a cohort of 150 pupils who have been followed, step by step, on a period of five years, from the last year of primary school to the end of junior high school. This motivation takes its roots, and finds its limits, in a culture which is, at first, related to school, but very quickly relies on peculiar specific characteristics of mathematics disciplinary, psychological, or relied to a more or less objective function in the selection at school. In such a context, it is common to observe fluctuations in motivation, according to sex and family balckground. But these fluctuations observed on a macrosociological level give the way to individual exceptions, the study of which sometimes opens wide viewpoints : their examination seems to lead to didactic improvements. Nevertheless, it seems necessary to study far beyond the mere setting up of tehcnics : a considering of mathematics in themselves and of the relation they link with the mathematizing subject seems to be a far more efficient way for the encreasing of motivation of pupils
Moussard, Guillaume. « Les notions de problèmes et de méthodes dans les ouvrages d’enseignement de la géométrie en France (1794-1891) ». Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT2084.
Texte intégralThis thesis systematically surveys textbooks of elementary geometry and analytic geometry published in France between 1794 and 1891 in order to identify the place of problems and methods, the challenges in introducing them, as well as the authors' arguments on the subject. The choices made are related to the institutional and mathematical contexts. This work led to identify steps towards normalization along the century of the organization of the problems in geometry textbooks, which involves the classification of different types of problems. We show how the presence of problems is related to the preparation of examinations and competitions, to educational intentions of the authors, to the idea of implementing the theory and to the idea of what is geometric activity. We also show that the methods are the focus of the attention not only of geometers, but also, to a large extent, of the teachers. We analyze how the geometrical and analytical methods are renewed in the 19th century at the same time they circulate between the books. Different underlying conceptions to the exposure of these methods are identified and throw light on the connection the authors have with the notion of generality in geometry. Finally, we analyze the nature of the relations between problems and methods in our textbooks, and the changes in their interactions over the century
Adjiage, Robert. « L'expression des nombres rationnels et leur enseignement initial ». Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012146.
Texte intégralPour surmonter ces difficultés, nous avons proposé une introduction aux rationnels qui privilégie un système d'expression au moyen de droites graduées. L'élaboration de ce support, plongé dans un environnement informatique permettant l'interactivité, a été conduite en respectant certaines contraintes : familiarité pour les élèves ; consistance suffisante pour garantir sa pérennité ; adéquation à la mise en place d'un véritable registre sémiotique, de nature à décourager l'usage de routines aveugles ; adaptabilité aux problèmes liés aux rationnels. S'approprier ce premier registre permet ensuite d'annoncer puis de contrôler les traitements applicables au registre fractionnaire et au registre décimal ; coordonner enfin ces trois registres autorise l'objectivation du concept de nombre rationnel.
L'observation d'une classe d'élèves ayant suivi cet enseignement a permis de confirmer ou d'affiner nos hypothèses. Sept compétences nécessaires à la maîtrise des rationnels ont pu être énoncées et reliées à l'appropriation du registre des droites graduées, dont le coût élevé se trouve ainsi compensé. Le rôle clé de la langue naturelle et de son articulation avec les registres symboliques a été confirmé.
ANTOINE, JACKY. « Dans le cadre de l'enseignement et de l'apprentissage des mathematiques a l'ecole primaire : activite de recherche et contrat didactique ». Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR20010.
Texte intégralAll researchers on teaching methods agree about the fundamental importance of the research activity in the teaching and learning, of mathematics. However, it is some kind of a paradox that in current research there is little description of this activity and its application. This work, attempting to fill this gap, can be considered within the general framework of the didactics of mathematics in so far as it concentrates on the connection between three groups of variables : those concerning the school subject, those concerning the learner and those concerning the teacher. It sets up a relation between the "activity of research" and the "didactic or teaching contract", mdeed, after defining the activity of research as based on the assumed problem, it studies those elements which influence its application in the classes. Thus several fields of the teaching contract are characterised, analysed and observed : teaching time, teaching space, the position of the problem, the roles played by the teacher and the pupil, the metacognitive posture and enjoyment. Experiments take place in primary school classes in the grand duchy of luxembourg. A qualitative method of research, with theorising anchored in practice, allows to set up connections between success indicators of a research activity and the characteristics of the different fields of the teaching contract
Nahas, Georges N. « Langue d'enseignement et conceptualisation en mathématiques au Liban entre 5 et 12 ans ». Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H049.
Texte intégralIn Lebanon, an ambient multilingualism has led a good number of private schools to teach scientific disciplines in foreign language (FL) from the pre-elementary level. Several questions pose with respect to the efficiency of such a teaching compared to a parallel one delivered in mother tongue (MT). Three types of experience have been led with groups of children since the age of 5 years until the age of 12 years. These experiences have had for objective to compare: the stability of the conceptualization, the developmental aspect in childhood, as well as the efficiency of such a teaching. The presentation of experiences and their analysis are presented in chapters 2 to 10. Chapter 11 develops the idea of a situation of didactical communication (SDC) as space of convergence between the linguistic aspect and the developmental one, as long as this convergence can lead to a conceptualization, whose verbal expression insures stability. Chapter 12 uses results to compare the FL and the MT at the level of a SDC and shows advantage or equivalence areas that they have one as compared to the other. Chapter 13 replies to questions posed in the introductory chapters. These conclusions underline advantages that has the MT in debut of apprenticeship at the level of conceptualization; this is not to diminish the importance of the fl. It concerns to better appreciate the positive role that can have the teaching of a FL on the apprenticeship and the conceptualization but also negative consequences that can have with regard to the FL itself its premature utilization as vehicular language
Courtebras, Bernard. « Socialisation et performances mathématiques : l'enseignement des probabilités aux élèves techniciens supérieurs ». Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/courtebras_b.
Texte intégralThe aim of this thesis consists in working out new conceptual tools allowing us to understand the fundamental achievements of higher technical students when having to carry out probability calculus. First, the process of the building of stochastic science will be described, then, the existence of two opposite ways of transmitting this science will be put forward. On one hand, this transmission of knowledge aims at bringing the students into subjection and keeping them with moral standards : this is what is actually done in most classes. On the other hand, the elements of the true probability science can be made understandable to every student ; indeed, its goal is to have the scientific principles understood by each of them, which is likely to develop the frame of mind necessary to their future citizenship. Furthermore, transmitting probability sciences is different whether it is for higher technical students or engineers : this helps to understand how the school system teaches the various students to hold their own positions in the world of work later on. The taking into account of all these elements may lead to the understanding study of the bounds between students and probability science in relation with crossed socialization and history. By considering the forms of connection with the world and the others, either structured or given form by a language, one can understand their eagerness or resistance, their great ease or their difficulties
Barrera, Curin Raquel Isabel. « Etudes des significations de la multiplication pour différents ensembles de nombres dans un contexte de géométrisation ». Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070048.
Texte intégralOur study began with the notion that multiplication is a complex mathematical object, in both its epistemological and cognitive dimensions. The fact that geometric representations can make a mathematical object's meanings more obvious led us to structure our research around the geometrization of multiplication for different sets of numbers. To study the relationship between this complex mathematical object -- multiplication -- and the construction of meaning by students we designed experimental lessons that were put in place in French high school and junior high school classrooms. This experimental study allowed us to closely analyze students' understanding of the topic, or, on the other hand, the obstacles they encountered in a mathematics assignment requiring frame changes and changes in registers of semiotic representation. Our experimental data were analyzed using a combination of several theoretical approaches. The notion of the Mathematical Work Space and its geneses allows us to account for the complexity of students' mathematical work. In order to study collaborative work between students, as well as the teacher's role in this process of cultural mediation, we also applied theories of semiotic mediation and the social construction of knowledge. Our resulting theoretical framework allows us to give a detailed description of the relationships between the epistemological and cognitive levels of the MWS. We conclude with the identification and analysis of individual students' chosen paths, resulting from interactions within a Mathematical Work Space
Broccolichi, Sylvain. « Organisation de l'école : pratiques usuelles et production d'inégalités ». Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0007.
Texte intégralThe disparities of scholarly attainments (school performances) of the pupils coming from different social groups increase, in the course of school years, particularly in mathematics in secondary education. The linked study of school trajectories of the pupils (and of their view points), of the social family characteristics and of the functioning of the school leads to distinghish two sources of increasing inequalities. The socio-educational disparities send back to the unequal family transmissions likely to make easier school acquisitions. As regards mathematics, the previous familiarity with school games is seldom sufficient, morever the regulating accompaniment of the family circle proves also determinating. The intra-educational disparities privileging the top pupils go in the same direction, yet they can also produce "miracoulously gifted cases. The possibilities of fruitful interactions with the teacher, the access to school actvities and the chances of dreiving some satisfaction from them, increase with the rank of
Spagnolo, Filippo. « Obstacles épistémologiques : le postulat de Eudoxe-Archimède ». Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10580.
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