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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « MCFD »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 1 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "MCFD"

Rong, Haina, Kang Yi, Gexiang Zhang, Jianping Dong, Prithwineel Paul et Zhiwei Huang. « Automatic Implementation of Fuzzy Reasoning Spiking Neural P Systems for Diagnosing Faults in Complex Power Systems ». Complexity 2019 (19 juin 2019) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2635714.

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As an important variant of membrane computing models, fuzzy reasoning spiking neural P systems (FRSN P systems) were introduced to build a link between P systems and fault diagnosis applications. An FRSN P system offers an intuitive illustration based on a strictly mathematical expression, a good fault-tolerant capacity, a good description for the relationships between protective devices and faults, and an understandable diagnosis model-building process. However, the implementation of FRSN P systems is still at a manual process, which is a time-consuming and hard labor work, especially impossible to perform on large-scale complex power systems. This manual process seriously limits the use of FRSN P systems to diagnose faults in large-scale complex power systems and has always been a challenging and ongoing task for many years. In this work we develop an automatic implementation method for automatically fulfilling the hard task, named membrane computing fault diagnosis (MCFD) method. This is a very significant attempt in the development of FRSN P systems and even of the membrane computing applications. MCFD is realized by automating input and output, and diagnosis processes consists of network topology analysis, suspicious fault component analysis, construction of FRSN P systems for suspicious fault components, and fuzzy inference. Also, the feasibility of the FRSN P system is verified on the IEEE14, IEEE 39, and IEEE 118 node systems.

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Parker, Scott L., et Matthew J. McGirt. « Determination of the Minimum Improvement in Pain, Disability, and Health State Associated With Cost-Effectiveness ». Neurosurgery 71, n^o 6 (14 septembre 2012) : 1149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e318271ebde.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Minimum clinical important difference (MCID) has been adopted as the smallest improvement in patient-reported outcome needed to achieve a level of improvement thought to be meaningful to patients. OBJECTIVE: To use a common MCID calculation method with a cost-utility threshold anchor to introduce the concept of minimum cost-effective difference (MCED). METHODS: Forty-five patients undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis were included. Outcome questionnaires were administered before and 2 years after surgery. Total cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained was calculated for each patient. MCED was determined from receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis with a cost-effective anchor of < $50 000/QALY and < $75 000/QALY. MCID was determined with the health transition item as the anchor. RESULTS: Significant improvement was observed 2 years after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for all outcome measures. Mean total cost per QALY gained at 2 years was $42 854. MCED was greater than MCID for each outcome measure, meaning that a greater improvement was required to represent cost-effectiveness than a clinically meaningful improvement to patients. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was consistently ≥ 0.70 with both cost-effective anchors, suggesting that outcome change scores were accurate predictors of cost-effectiveness. Mean cost per QALY gained was significantly lower for patients achieving compared with those not achieving an MCED in visual analog scale for leg pain ($43 560 vs $112 087), visual analog scale for back pain ($41 280 vs $129 440), Oswestry Disability Index ($30 954 vs $121 750), and EuroQol 5D ($35 800 vs $189 412). CONCLUSION: MCED serves as the smallest improvement in an outcome instrument that is associated with a cost-effective response to surgery. With the use of cost-effective anchor of < $50 000/QALY, MCED after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion was 4 points for visual analog scale for low back pain, 3 points for visual analog scale for leg pain, 22 points for Oswestry Disability Index, and 0.31 QALYs for EuroQol 5D.

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Patruno, Rosa, Ilaria Marech, Nicola Zizzo, Michele Ammendola, Patrizia Nardulli, Claudia Gadaleta, Marcello Introna et al. « C-Kit Expression, Angiogenesis, and Grading in Canine Mast Cell Tumour : A Unique Model to Study C-Kit Driven Human Malignancies ». BioMed Research International 2014 (2014) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/730246.

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Canine cutaneous mast cell tumour (CMCT) is a c-Kit driven tumour sharing similar c-Kit aberrations found in human gastrointestinal stromal tumour. CMCT is classified into three forms: well- (G1), intermediately (G2) (more benign diseases), and poorly (G3) differentiated (malignant) forms. We assess a correlation between c-Kit status, grading, and angiogenesis in CMCTs to explore their potential significance in humans. C-Kit receptor (c-KitR) expression, microvascular density (MVD), and mast cell granulated and degranulated status density (MCGD and MCDD, resp.) were analyzed in 97 CMCTs, by means of histochemistry, immunohistochemistry double staining, and image analysis system. Data showed that predominantly diffuse cytoplasmic- and predominantly focal paranuclear- (Golgi-like) c-Kit protein (PDC-c-Kit and PFP-c-Kit, resp.) expression correlate with high MVD, G3 histopathological grade, and MCDD. Moreover, predominant cell membrane-c-KitR (PCM-c-KitR) expression status correlates with low MVD, G1-G2 histopathological grade, and MCGD. These findings underline the key role of c-Kit in the biopathology of canine MCTs, indicating a link between aberrant c-Kit expression, increased angiogenesis, and higher histopathological grade. CMCT seems to be a model to study contributions of c-Kit activated MCs in tumour angiogenesis and to evaluate the inhibition of MCs activation by means of c-Kit tyrosine kinase inhibitors, currently translated in humans.

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Duan, Lei, Sarah Calhoun, Daeun Shim, Ricardo E. Perez, Lothar A. Blatter et Carl G. Maki. « Fatty acid oxidation and autophagy promote endoxifen resistance and counter the effect of AKT inhibition in ER-positive breast cancer cells ». Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 13, n^o 6 (23 mars 2021) : 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjab018.

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Abstract Tamoxifen (TAM) is the first-line endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC). However, acquired resistance occurs in ∼50% cases. Meanwhile, although the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a viable target for treatment of endocrine therapy-refractory patients, complex signaling feedback loops exist, which can counter the effectiveness of inhibitors of this pathway. Here, we analyzed signaling pathways and metabolism in ER+ MCF7 BC cell line and their TAM-resistant derivatives that are co-resistant to endoxifen using immunoblotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the Agilent Seahorse XF Analyzer. We found that activation of AKT and the energy-sensing kinase AMPK was increased in TAM and endoxifen-resistant cells. Furthermore, ERRα/PGC-1β and their target genes MCAD and CPT-1 were increased and regulated by AMPK, which coincided with increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and autophagy in TAM-resistant cells. Inhibition of AKT feedback-activates AMPK and ERRα/PGC-1β-MCAD/CPT-1 with a consequent increase in FAO and autophagy that counters the therapeutic effect of endoxifen and AKT inhibitors. Therefore, our results indicate increased activation of AKT and AMPK with metabolic reprogramming and increased autophagy in TAM-resistant cells. Simultaneous inhibition of AKT and FAO/autophagy is necessary to fully sensitize resistant cells to endoxifen.

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Nantavithya, Chonnipa, Kitwadee Saksornchai, Puntiwa Oonsiri et Kanjana Shotelersuk. « Dosimetric study of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, electronic compensator technique, intensity-modulated radiation therapy and volumetric-modulated arc therapy in whole breast irradiation ». Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 16, n^o 4 (9 mai 2017) : 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396917000243.

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AbstractBackgroundWhole breast irradiation is an essential treatment after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). However, there are some adverse effects from inhomogeneity and dose to adjacent normal tissues.ObjectiveAim of this study was to compare dosimetry among standard technique, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), and advanced techniques, electronic compensator (ECOMP), inverse intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT).MethodsWhole breast irradiation treatment plans of patients who had underwent BCS and whole breast irradiation were re-planned with all four techniques. Clinical target volume was contoured according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group atlas for breast only in patients who had negative node or ductal carcinoma in situ and breast with chest wall for patients with positive node. Planning target volume was non-uniformly expanded. Dose prescription was 50 Gy in 25 fractions with 6 MV photon energy.ResultsIn total, 25 patients underwent whole breast irradiation with computed tomography simulation from November 2013 to November 2014 were included. Six patients with positive nodes were re-planned for breast with chest wall irradiation and 19 patients with negative nodes were re-planned for breast only irradiation. Primary outcome, radical dose homogeneity index (HI) of 3D-CRT, ECOMP, IMRT and VMAT were 0·865, 0·889, 0·890 and 0·866, respectively. ECOMP and IMRT showed significant higher HI than 3D-CRT (p-value<0·001). Secondary outcome, conformity index (CI) of advanced technique were significantly better than 3D-CRT. Lung V20, mean ipsilateral lung dose (MILD), mean heart dose (MHD), heart V25, heart V30 of advanced techniques were also lower than 3D-CRT. ECOMP had better mean lung dose (MLD), mean contralateral lung dose (MCLD) and mean contralateral breast dose (MCBD) when compared with 3D-CRT. Monitor units of advanced techniques were significantly higher than 3D-CRT.ConclusionsHI of ECOMP and IMRT were significantly higher than 3D-CRT technique. All advanced techniques showed statistically better in CI. Lung V20, MILD, heart V25 and heart V30 of advanced techniques were lower than 3D-CRT. However, only ECOMP showed decreased MLD, MHD, MCLD and MCBD when compared with 3D-CRT.

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Chong, C. L. G., Faizah Othman et Farida Hussan. « Vascular Protective Effects of Morinda citrifolia Leaf Extract on Postmenopausal Rats Fed with Thermoxidized Palm Oil Diet : Evidence at Microscopic Level ». International Journal of Vascular Medicine 2018 (5 septembre 2018) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6317434.

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Atherosclerosis is now well understood as an inflammatory disease instead of lipid storage disorder; however, the conventional treatment is not targeted on treating the inflammation. Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae) leaf or noni leaf, which is a medicinal food (ulam) used in Traditional Malay Medicine to prevent chronic diseases, may have the potential to be formulated into a functional antiatherosclerotic agent. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Morinda citrifolia leaf extract (MCLE) treatment at histological and ultrastructural level, comparing it with Simvastatin. Thirty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Sham (Sham), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized with Simvastatin 10 mg/kg (OVX+ST), ovariectomized with low dose MC 500 mg/kg (OVX+MCLD), and ovariectomized with high dose MC 1000 mg/kg (OVX+MCHD). Atherosclerosis was induced by producing oestrogen deficiency through ovariectomy and feeding with thermoxidized palm oil (TPO) diet for 12 weeks along with the treatment. The results revealed significantly (P<0.05) lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the group treated with MCHD compared to the untreated OVX, whereas the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly higher in the untreated OVX group compared to the Sham group. Treatment with MCHD also significantly lowered the total cholesterol (TC) level compared to the OVX. The OVX group showed significantly lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level compared to the Sham group. The untreated OVX group showed evident histological and ultrastructural features of vascular inflammation such as blood cells accumulation in the lumen, vacuolation of the endothelial cells, subendothelial space widening, elastic fibres disruption, increased intima media thickness (IMT), smooth muscle cells fragmentation, and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) deposition. All these pathological changes were less seen in the groups treated with MCLE. In conclusion, we reported the mechanism of antiatherosclerotic property of MCLE through lipids elimination and anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, we do not recommend the use of statin in the absence of dyslipidemia as it causes PVAT deposition.

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Musa, A., H. J. Steeman et M. De Paepe. « Performance of Internal and External Reforming Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Systems ». Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 4, n^o 1 (19 avril 2006) : 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2393306.

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Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) are a promising alternative power source for distributed or residential power plants. Therefore, thermodynamic models are built in an Aspen customer modeler for the externally reformed (ER) MCFC and internally reformed (IR) MCFC. These models are integrated in Aspen Plus™. In this article the performance of internal and external reforming molten carbonate fuel cell systems are investigated. To this end the gas temperature at the anode inlet is varied to be able to exam the effect of operating temperature on the operating conditions for different modes of MCFC systems in a range between 600 and 700°C. It is found that the operating temperature has more effect on the cell voltage of IR-MCFC system compared to ER-MCFC system. Simulations show that the IR-MCFC system is more efficient than the ER-MCFC system. The cycle efficiency is rather independent of the operating temperature for as well ER-MCFC as IR-MCFC systems.

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Bognár, Erzsébet, Gabriella Hellner, Andrea Radnóti, László Somogyi et Zsolt Kemény. « Effect of Different Chlorine Sources on the Formation of 3-Monochloro-1,2-Propanediol and 2-Monochloro-1,3-Propanediol Fatty Acid Esters during Frying ». Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 64, n^o 4 (19 septembre 2019) : 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.14137.

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Several studies indicated that chlorine salts provoke 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol fatty acid esters (3-MCPD-FE) and 2-monochloro-1,3- propanediol fatty acid esters (2-MCPD-FE) formation in oils during frying. The amount of MCPD strongly depends on the type and the amount of chlorine salt. Food raw materials, additives themselves may contain several chlorine compounds, providing precursors for 2- and 3-MCPD-FE formation during frying. Then, the fat uptake can cause measurable concentrations in the fried food as well. This paper aims at screening chlorine compounds occurring in food industry. Influence of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the formation of MCPD-FE was investigated, mimicking frying conditions (175-180 °C, atmospheric pressure), applying high oleic sunflower oil as frying medium. 2-MCPD-FE and 3-MCPD-FE were determined by using an indirect method based on alkaline-catalyzed transesterification and GC-MS analysis. As expected, the reference sample without using any chlorine salt resulted only slight increase in 3-MCPD-FE concentration, and no increase in 2-MCPD-FE concentration. In case of the stable salts minor formation was observed. At as high as 3 % dosage of NaCl and KCl 1.6 and 2.4 mg/kg 3-MCPD-FE generated, respectively. Adding CaCl2, NH4Cl and FeCl3 resulted in very strong MCPD-FE formation by both isomers (2- and 3-MCPD-FE) in this increasing order. 0.1 % FeCl3 generated 70 mg/kg 2-MCPD-FE and 238 mg/kg 3-MCPD-FE by the end of 8-hour heating.

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Cao, Yong Jie, Ming Xian Liu, Li Hua Gan, Yao Kang Lv, Zi Jie Xu, Zhi Xian Hao, Hong Lai Liu et Long Wu Chen. « Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Fluorinated Mesoporous Carbon Foams for Electric Double-Layer Capacitors ». Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (mai 2011) : 3190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.3190.

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We reported the preparation and electrochemical properties of fluorinated mesoporous carbon foams (F-MCFs) for application as electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). By using fluorinated resol which was obtained from the polymerization of formaldehyde, phenol, and 3-fluorophenol as the carbon source and fluorin precursor, and triblock copolymer F127 as a template, F-MCFs were prepared through evaporation induced self-assembly strategy. The F-MCFs were characterized by N2 adsorption and desorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The results indicate that the F-MCFs possess highly ordered mesostructure with a specific surface area of 675 m2/g, a uniform pore size of 2.2 nm and a pore volume of 0.12 cm3/g. The wettability of F-MCFs was investigated by contact angle analysis. The contact angle of F-MCFs for water is 111.5o, much lower than that of mesoporous carbon foams (MCFs) (141o), indicating that the surface wettability of F-MCFs is improved by the introduction of fluorin into the carbon matrix. The enhancement of wettability would increase the surface contact of electrolyte and electrode and accelerate the ion transfer within the pore channel, and thus improve the electrochemical properties of F-MCFs. The electrochemical properties of the F-MCFs have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge in electrolyte of 6 mol/L KOH with a three-electrode system. F-MCFs present linear galvanostatic charge-discharge curve at a loading current of 10 mA, and possess good charge-discharge efficiency over 98%. The specific capacitance of the F-MCFs is 220 F/g, significantly higher than that of the MCFs (140 F/g). F-MCFs show important prospect as electrode materials for the application in EDLCs.

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Rousseau, Aurélie, Patrick Van Dreden, Amir Khaterchi, Elisabeth Mbemba, Annette Larsen, Ismail Elalamy et Grigorios T. Gerotziafas. « Acquision of Resistance to Doxorubicin By Breast Cancer Cells MCF7 Enhances Their Procoagulant Properties and Alters the Efficacy of Antithrombotic Agents to Inhibit Thrombin Generation ». Blood 126, n^o 23 (3 décembre 2015) : 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.1113.1113.

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Abstract Introduction: A major problem associated with breast cancer chemotherapy is the subsequent development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents (multidrug résistance-MDR). Hypercoagulability, increased risk of venous thromboebolism (VTE) and high rate of failure of the antithrombotic treatment with LMWHs have been observed in patients with disease resistant to the chemotherapy. Aim of the study: In the present study we investigated if acquisition of MDR by breast cancer cells MCF7 is associated with modification of their procoagulant potency and induces alteration of the efficacy of the antithrombotic agents. We evaluated the capacity of wild type MCF7 cells (MCF7/WT) and doxorubicin resistant cells (MCF7/DR) to trigger thrombin generation (TG) and to modify the antithrombotic activity of the LMWH enoxaparin, and the specific direct and indirect FXa inhibitors (apixaban and fondaparinux). Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment of MCF-7 cells for several weeks with increasing concentrations of doxorubicin, induced the acquisition of chemo-resistance phenotype documented by the expression the MDR1-Pgp. Tissue factor (TF) and MDR1-Pgp expression by MCF7/WT and MCF7/DR cells were assessed by flow cytometry and western blot assays. Reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for TF mRNA expression was also performed. Thrombin generation of normal platelet poor plasma (PPP) in the presence of MCF7 cells was assessed with the Calibrated Automate Thrombogram® assay (Diagnostica Stago). TG in the presence of MCF7 cells was also assessed in PPP spiked with clinically relevant concentrations of enoxaparin, apixaban or fondaparinux. The efficiency of the studied agents in the presence of MCF7 cells was compared to that in the control experiment where TG was triggered by PPP-Reagent® 5 pM TF. The antithrombotic agents were compared on the bases of the concentration which inhibited 50% TG (IC50). Results: The MCF7/DR cells showed higher expression of TF as compared to MCF7/WT. The TF expression by MCF7/DR was correlated with the expression of the MDR1/P-gp. The MCF7/DR cells significantly enhanced TG as compared to MCF7/WT cells. The three studied agents significantly inhibited TG at plasma concentrations usually achieved at doses for thromboprophylaxis. The presence resistant MCF7 cells did not significantly modify the antithrombotic potency of fondaparinux. The inhibitory effect of enoxaparin and apixaban on thrombin generation was partially reversed when TG was triggered by MCF7/DR as compared to that triggered by MCF7/WT or in the control experiment. Table 1. Modification of the inhibitory potency of the antithrombotic agents by MCF7 cells on thrombin generation in function of the acquisition of MDR phenotype. IC50 for MRI PPP + TF/PPL PPP + MCF7/WT PPP+ MCF7/DR fondaparinux (anti-Xa IU/mL) 0.21 ± 0.03 0.28 ± 0.06 0.30 ± 0.04 enoxaparin (anti-Xa IU/mL) 0.10 ± 0.02 0.12 ± 0.05 0.23 ± 0.08* apixaban (ng/ml) 14 ± 0.9 19 ± 3.1 26 ± 1.4* *p<0.05 versus MCF7/WT PPL: procoagulant phospholipids MRI: mean rate of the propagation phase of thrombin generation IC50: concentration that inhibits 50% the MRI Conclusions: The acquisition of the chemo-resistance phenotype by the breast cancer cells MCF7 is associated with enhancement of their procoagulant properties. The procoagulant fingerprint of the chemo-resistant MCF7 cells is characterized by increased expression of TF which is correlated with enhanced thrombin generation. The chemo-resistant MCF7 cells reverse the antithrombotic effect of enoxaparin and apixaban but not that of fondaparinux. Disclosures Van Dreden: Diagnostica Stago: Employment.

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Thèses sur le sujet "MCFD"

Villarreal, Larrauri Alejandro. « Analysis and modeling of ex-vessel underwater cooling processes of debris bed and molten corium pool in interaction with concrete ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0022.

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En cas d'accident grave avec fusion du cœur, le magma surchauffé constitué d'acier et de combustible fondu, appelé corium (T> 2 500 K), peut menacer l'intégrité de la cuve du réacteur, puis du bâtiment de confinement, si le refroidissement du corium n’est pas assuré. La capacité de refroidissement en situation hors-cuve, par l’injection d’eau et pénétration de celle-ci dans le corium en surface supérieure, est étudiée pour deux configurations attendues : le lit de particules et bain de corium. La seconde configuration est liée à la situation d’interaction corium-béton (ICB) où une croûte se forme en face supérieure en contact avec l’eau, puis est soumise à une fracturation à cause des effets thermiques dans cette croûte. L’enjeu est de caractériser l’efficacité d’une éventuelle pénétration de l’eau dans la croûte. La première configuration peut intervenir en particulier dans deux situations suite à une fragmentation du corium dans l’eau : lors de l’éjection hors de la cuve, ou suite à des périodes d’éjection à travers la croute en phase d’ICB par entraînement du corium par des gaz issus de l’ablation du béton. Les phénomènes de pénétration de l’eau dans le corium sont examinés par une analyse approfondie des résultats des expériences disponibles, par la mise au point d’un modèle analytique 1D et par la modification et l’utilisation du code de thermohydraulique multiphasique multi-fluides (CMFD) MC3D. L’analyse 1D permet de mieux comprendre les détails de l’écoulement diphasique dans la matrice poreuse et conduit à proposer un modèle simplifié de pénétration de l’eau, avec des relations correspondantes applicables pour les deux configurations d'intérêt. Par ailleurs, le développement et l’impact d’instabilités au front de pénétration sont étudiés avec des simulations 2D avec MC3D, illustrant le rôle important de la température initiale du lit et sa perméabilité sur la vitesse de pénétration du front, et sur l’apparition des instabilités. Le modèle analytique est alors étendu à une configuration à deux zones (une zone soumise à un écoulement diphasique en contre-courant et une zone monophasique dans laquelle la vapeur surchauffée traverse) pour analyser plus en détail l’impact des hétérogénéités de progression du front sur les flux thermiques extraits. Le mécanisme de pénétration de l’eau dans les croûtes est discuté. L’analyse indique de forts effets de bords sur les processus de fracturation dans les essais SSWICS (Argonne Nat. Lab.), dédiés à ce phénomène. Les conclusions des travaux précédents sur l’efficacité du phénomène ne peuvent dès lors être confirmées du fait des fortes incertitudes sur les processus de fracturation, très sensibles aux propriétés mécaniques du corium, très mal caractérisées. Finalement, les modèles sont appliqués aux situations réelles impliquant la présence de la puissance résiduelle. Pour les lits de débris, les flux extraits et les capacités de refroidissement sont moindres qu’avec l’utilisation du critère simplifié de « flux d’assèchement »
In the case of a hypothetical nuclear severe accident with partial or extensive core meltdown, the superheated magma made of molten steel and fuel, called corium (T > 2500K), may threaten the integrity of the reactor pressure vessel and subsequently the reactor containment building, if long-term corium coolability is not assured. The coolability by water injection and successive water penetration into the corium through the upper surface is analyzed for two expected configurations: particle bed, and corium pool overlaying the concrete. The second configuration is linked to the situation of Molten Corium-Concrete Interaction (MCCI), where a crust is formed in the upper corium surface when it comes into contact with water and is later subjected to thermal stresses that lead to its fracturing. The challenge is to characterize the effectiveness of extracting heat by the possible water penetration into the crust. The first configuration can be expected in two different situations: melt fragmentation coming from the rupture of the reactor pressure vessel and expulsion of the corium, or during melt eruption episodes through the corium crust during MCCI via corium entrainment by the concrete decomposition gases. The phenomena linked to the water penetration into the corium for these two configurations are examined through an in-depth analysis of the available experimental results, by the development of an analytical model and finally through the modification and use of the Computational Multi-Fluid Dynamics (CMFD) code MC3D. One dimensional analysis conducts to a better understanding of the minutia of the two-phase countercurrent flow through the porous media and leads the proposal of a simplified heat flux model for the water penetration with corresponding relations applicable for both configurations of interest. Furthermore, the development and the impact of penetrating front instability are studied with the help of 2D MC3D simulations, which show important effects of the initial temperature and the permeability of the corium configuration on the penetration front velocity and appearance of the instabilities. The analytical model is extended to a pseudo-two-dimensional two-zone configuration (with one zone subjected to a two-phase countercurrent flow and another through which monophasic superheated vapor flows) to analyze in greater detail the impact of the penetrating front heterogeneity over the extracted heat flux. The mechanism of water penetration through a fractured crust is revisited. The analysis indicates strong border effects in the SSWICS tests (Argonne National Laboratories) dedicated to the study of this phenomenon. The conclusions of precedent studies on the efficiency of the phenomena could not, therefore, be confirmed due to important uncertainties over the process of fracturing, overly sensitive to the mechanical properties of corium, which in turn are not properly characterized. Finally, the models, and simulations, are applied to real accidental scenarios, including the presence of residual power. For the debris bed, the extracted heat flux, and the cooling capabilities are less than those found using the simplified dry-out heat flux criteria

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Fillman, Benny. « System studies of MCFC power plants ». Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-419.

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Chen, Kenway. « MCAD - ECAD integration : constraint modeling and propagation / ». Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26484.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Schaefer, Dirk; Committee Member: Panchal, Jitesh; Committee Member: Paredis, Chris; Committee Member: Rosen, David; Committee Member: Yoder, Douglas. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Bodén, Andreas. « The anode and the electrolyte in the MCFC ». Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kemiteknik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4382.

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A goal of the Swedish government is to increase the usage of renewable fuels and biomass-based fuels. Fuel cells, and especially the MCFC, are useful for these types of fuels. The Swedish market may benefit from the MCFC in two ways: increased efficiency of the biofuels and also utilisation of produced heat in district heating. Most of the commercial MCFC systems today are optimised for use with methane. The possibility to utilise biomass in Sweden makes it important to study how the MCFC may be adapted or optimised for good performance and low degradation with gas produced from biomass or other renewable fuels. This thesis is focused on methods that may be used to investigate and evaluate MCFC electrodes and electrolytes with renewable fuels i.e. CO2-containing gases. The methods and results are both experimental and mathematically modelled. The objectives of this thesis are to better understand how the performance of the anode is dependent on different fuels. Anode kinetics and the water-gas shift reaction have been investigated as well as the possibility to increase cell lifetime by increasing the initial electrolyte amount by having the anode as a reservoir. The effect of segregation of cations in the electrolyte during operation has also been studied. It was found that if the gas composition at the current collector inlet is in equilibrium according to the water gas-shift reaction the gas composition inside the electrode is almost uniform. However, if the gas is not in equilibrium then the concentration gradients inside the current collector have a large effect on the gas composition inside the electrode. The conversion of the gas in the gas flow channels according to the water-gas shift reaction depends on the gas flow rate. For an anode used in a gas mixture of humidified hydrogen and carbon dioxide that are not in equilibrium some solubility of Ni in a (Li/Na)2CO3 mixture was found. To have the anode act as an electrolyte reservoir to prolong cell lifetime the anode pore size should be carefully matched with that of the cathode and a bimodal pore-size distribution for the anode is preferable to have as good performance as possible for as large electrolyte filling degree interval as possible. Modelling results of segregation of cations in the electrolyte during operation indicate that the electrolyte composition changes during operation and that the lithium ions are enriched at the anode for both types of electrolyte used for the MCFC. The electrolyte composition changes are small but might have to be considered in long-time operation. The results from this thesis may be used to better understand how the MCFC may be used for operation with renewable fuels and how electrodes may be designed to prolong cell lifetime.
Ett av den svenska regeringens mål är att öka användandet av förnyelsebara bränslen och bränslen från biomassa. Bränsleceller och framförallt MCFC är användbara för dessa typer av bränslen. Den svenska marknaden kan dra fördelar av MCFC på två sätt; ökad bränsleutnyttjandegrad och utnyttjande av producerad värme för fjärrvärme. De flesta kommersiella MCFC-systemen idag är optimerade för användning av metan. Möjligheten att använda biomassa på den svenska marknaden gör det viktigt att studera hur MCFC kan anpassas eller optimeras för bra prestanda och låg degradering för användning med gas från biomassa eller andra förnyelsebara bränslen. Fokus i denna avhandling är på metoder som kan användas för att undersöka och utvärdera MCFC-elektroder och -elektrolyter med förnyelsebara bränslen, dvs. gaser innehållande CO2. Metoderna och resultaten är både experimentella och matematiskt modellerade. Målet med denna avhandling är att bättre förstå hur anodens prestanda beror på användningen av olika bränslen. Anodens kinetik och vattengasskiftreaktionen har studerats liksom möjligheten att förlänga cellens livstid genom att öka den initiala mängden elektrolyt medelst användning av anoden som reservoar. Effekten av segregation av katjoner i elektrolyten under last har också undersökts. Om gassammansättningen är i jämvikt enligt vattengasskiftreaktionen vid inloppet till strömtilledaren kommer gassammansättningen att vara nära uniform inuti elektroden. Om ingående gas inte är i jämvikt kommer stora koncentrationsgradienter uppkomma i strömtilledaren och påverka gassammansättningen i elektroden. Omsättningen med avseende på vattenskiftreaktionen av gasen i flödeskanalen verkar vara beroende av gasens flödeshastighet. För en anod som används i en uppfuktad blandning av vätgas och koldioxid som inte är i jämvikt befanns det att Ni har en viss löslighet i (Li/Na)2CO3. För att kunna använda anoden som reservoar för elektrolyt för att förlänga livstiden för MCFC skall anodens porstorleksfördelning överensstämma med katodens och ha en bimodal porstorleksfördelning för att ge en tillräckligt god prestanda i ett så stort elektrolytfyllnadsgradsintervall som möjligt. Modelleringsresultat för segregering av katjoner i elektrolyten under drift visar att litiumjoner anrikas i anoden för båda typerna av elektrolyt som används i MCFC. Elektrolytkoncentrationsförändringarna är små men kan behövas tas i beaktande vid långa driftstider. Denna avhandlings resultat kan användas för att bättre förstå hur MCFC skall anpassas för drift med förnyelsebara bränslen och hur elektroder kan utformas för att förlänga livstiden.
QC 20100630

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Bodén, Andreas. « The anode and the electrolyte in the MCFC / ». Stockholm : Kemiteknik Chemical and Engineering and Technology, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4382.

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Wilcox, Adam C. « ECAD to MCAD Interoperability for Automated Enclosure Design ». Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2690.pdf.

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Law, Tsz Hong. « The effects of a MCTD in canine epilepsy ». Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.766311.

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Dong, Liang. « Novel optical fibre devices based on MCVD method ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/404723/.

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In this thesis, several new optical fibre devices are described. These devices are based on fibres with special structures or materials, fabricated by the MCVD technique. Light propagation and intermodal coupling in twin-core (TC) fibres are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. A cascaded TC fibre filter is demonstrated and so are TC fibre intermodal couplers using both mechanical gratings and fibre acoustic flexural waves, which can be used as filters, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) taps and frequency shifters. Photosensitivity in both transition-metal-doped fibre and cerium-doped fibre with applications for making fibre in-core gratings are also studied. UV-induced absorption and refractive index change are investigated. A large absorption change occurs when fibre is exposed to pulsed UV. The fibre IR loss eventually recovers to its original level. The UV-induced refractive index change in cerium fibre is found to be the same order of magnitude as that reported in germanosilicate fibres. Some other devices and effects, including a gold-implanted fibre polariser, excitation poling in second harmonic generation and a spatial model converter, are also studied. The gold-implanted polariser is much easier to be massproduced and spliced to an ordinary fibre with a low loss than its liquid-metal-implanted counterpart. Excitation poling gives an improved efficiency in second harmonic generation. The spatial model converter provides an easy low-loss connection for waveguides with different spatial modes.

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Bednarz, Marc. « Mechanistische Untersuchung und Modellierung der Kathodenreaktion in Karbonatbrennstoffzellen (MCFC) ». [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968348890.

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Spitezki, Henri. « Contribution à l'étude du management stratégique : le modèle MCVD ». Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010012.

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L'objet de cette thèse est d'appréhender qualitativement les effets macroéconomiques des allocations chômage. Deux questions sont plus particulièrement au cœur de nos préoccupations : la comparaison positives des régimes d'assurance et d'assistance chômage, qui est au cœur de la deuxième partie, et la détermination de la générosité globale des allocations chômage, qui est au cœur de la troisième partie. La première partie de la thèse dresse un état des lieux des contributions existantes. Dans le premier chapitre, nous nous concentrons sur des modèles ou ce sont les comportements des individus qui déterminent leur probabilité d'être au chômage, alors que dans le chapitre 2, le chômage est due à la formation non concurrentielle des salaires. Dans les deux autres parties de la thèse, nous nous plaçons dans le cadre d'un modèle de négociations salariales dynamiques ou l'effort de recherche d'emploi des individus n'intervient pas. Dans le chapitre 3, nous montrons que la dégressivité des allocations chômage peut aggraver le taux de chômage d'équilibre. Dans le chapitre 4, nous montrons que l'indexation de l'assurance chômage sur les derniers salaires négociés accroit la pression salariale et le chômage. Le chapitre 5 détermine alors le niveau des allocations chômage qui maximise différents critères de bien-être. Le ratio de remplacements optimal pour les travailleurs au chômage est supérieur à celui des travailleurs employés, qui est lui-même supérieur à celui qui maximise la somme des utilités des travailleurs. Enfin, le ratio de remplacement qui maximise les profits est nul. Le dernier chapitre de la thèse introduit un modèle de vote afin de comprendre pourquoi les agents choisissent un niveau d'allocations chômage qui entraine un niveau de chômage positif. On met alors en évidence une relation négative entre le taux de chômage et le ratio de remplacement des allocations chômage
In this dissertation, I try to give a better qualitative understanding of the macroeconomic effects of unemployment benefits. The two most important question i ask is the comparison of the positive properties of unemployment insurance and of unemployment assistance, which constitute the second part of the dissertation, and the determination of the global generosity of unemployment benefits, which constitute the third part of the dissertation. The first part propose a survey of the literature. In the first chapter, i focus on models where the probability of being unemployed depends only on individuals' behaviour while in the second chapter, unemployment arises because of imperfect competition in the wage setting. In the two other parts of the dissertation, i use a dynamical wage bargaining model in which search effort does no matter. In chapter 3, i show that the digressiveness of unemployment benefits might increases the unemployment rate. In chapter 4,1 show that indexing unemployment benefits on past wage earned increases the wage pressure and the equilibrium unemployment. Chapter 5 looks at the level of the replacement ratio that maximises different steady-state welfare criterions. The optimal replacement ratio according to unemployed workers is higher than the one according to employed workers, which is itself higher than the one according to the sum of utility of every workers. At last, the replacement ratio that maximises profits is null. The last chapter introduces a voting process on the level of the replacement ratio so as to understand why rational agents supports levels of replacement ratio that leads to a positive level of the unemployment rate. We prove the existence of a negative relation between the unemployment rate and the replacement ratio

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Livres sur le sujet "MCFD"

Cassidy, Wayne. MCAD/MCSD Visual Basic.NET Web applications study guide : (exam 70-305). New York : McGraw-Hill Osborne, 2002.

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Clark, Christensen, dir. MCSD. San Francisco : Sybex, 1999.

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MCSD. San Francisco : Sybex, 1998.

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Lee, Michael. MCSD. San Francisco, CA : Sybex Network Press, 1998.

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1966-, Lee Michael, dir. MCSD. San Francisco, Calif : Network Press, 1998.

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Peter, Vogel. MCSD. San Francisco : Network Press, 1998.

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Marj, Rempel, dir. MCAD/MCSD Visual C# .Net certification : Exam guide : (Exams 70-315, 70-316 & 70-320). New York : McGraw-Hill/Osborne, 2002.

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Kalani, Amit. MCAD/MCSD Training Guide (70-315) : Developing and Implementing Web Applications with Visual C# and Visual Studio.NET. Upper Saddle River : Pearson Education, 2005.

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Gunderloy, Mike. MCAD/MCSD Training Guide (70-305) : Developing and Implementing Web Applications with Visual Basic.NET and Visual Studio.NET. Upper Saddle River : Pearson Education, 2005.

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Gunderloy, Mike. MCAD/MCSD Training Guide (70-306) : Developing and Implementing Windows-Based Applications with Visual Basic.NET and Visual Studio.NET. Upper Saddle River : Pearson Education, 2005.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "MCFD"

Oette, Mark, Marvin J. Stone, Hendrik P. N. Scholl, Peter Charbel Issa, Monika Fleckenstein, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, Frank G. Holz et al. « MCTD ». Dans Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1270. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_6275.

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Oette, Mark, Marvin J. Stone, Hendrik P. N. Scholl, Peter Charbel Issa, Monika Fleckenstein, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, Frank G. Holz et al. « MCLD ». Dans Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1270. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_9520.

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Abdenur, J. E., N. A. Chamoles, N. Specola, A. B. Schenone, L. Jorge, A. Guinle, C. I. Bernard, V. Levandowskiy et S. Lavorgna. « MCAD Deficiency ». Dans Current Views of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis, 353–63. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46818-2_41.

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Oette, Mark, Marvin J. Stone, Hendrik P. N. Scholl, Peter Charbel Issa, Monika Fleckenstein, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, Frank G. Holz et al. « MCD ». Dans Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1270. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_7907.

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Kurzweil, Peter. « Schmelzelektrolyt-Brennstoffzelle (MCFC) ». Dans Brennstoffzellentechnik, 179–94. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-14935-2_7.

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Kurzweil, Peter. « Schmelzelektrolyt-Brennstoffzelle (MCFC) ». Dans Brennstoffzellentechnik, 159–74. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00085-1_7.

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Greidinger, Eric L. « Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) ». Dans Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology, 733–36. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84828-0_369.

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Sakchaicharoenkul, T. « MCFI-BASED ANIMATION TWEENING ALGORITHM ». Dans Computational Imaging and Vision, 438–47. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4179-9_63.

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de Vet, Henrica C. W., Lidwine B. Mokkink et Caroline B. Terwee. « Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) ». Dans Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 4071–72. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_1812.

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Nahler, Gerhard. « minimal clinically important difference (MCID) ». Dans Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 114. Vienna : Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_859.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "MCFD"

Liu, Yang, Chad Rollins, Nam Dinh et Hong Luo. « Sensitivity Analysis of Interfacial Momentum Closure Terms in Two Phase Flow and Boiling Simulations Using MCFD Solver ». Dans ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2017-4963.

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In this paper, a general workflow for the global Sensitivity Analysis (SA) has been proposed based on the coupling of VUQ toolkit DAKOTA and Multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamics (MCFD) solver boilEulerFoam. A surrogate model is first constructed based on sampling simulations from boilEulerFoam. This surrogate is based on Gaussian Processes Model (GPM) and is validated and proved to have good properties. The Morris Screening method is then applied based on the surrogate to those interfacial momentum closure terms for SA, including drag, lift, turbulent dispersion, wall lubrication, and virtual mass. Two different cases are considered, one is on low-pressure adiabatic flow, and the other is on high pressure boiling flow. Each case has its experimental background with data support. The radial void fraction distribution, gas velocity, relative velocity and liquid temperature (only for high pressure boiling case) are chosen as the Quantities of Interest (QoIs) which are of key interests for two-phase flow simulation and boiling crisis prediction. The interfacial force coefficient of each closure term is chosen as the input parameter. For the boiling case, the bubble diameter effect is also analyzed. Three remarks are drawn from this work on SA. First, it demonstrates the feasibility of surrogate model in the VUQ work for models in MCFD solver. The computational cost can be significantly reduced by employing the surrogate model. Secondly, through the Morris Sensitivity measurements, the importance of interfacial forces on different QoIs and regions can be analyzed and ranked for the two cases. Such analysis is also helpful for further model parameter calibration. Last but not least, the limitation of current work and the desired future work are discussed.

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Sonoda, Shogo, Masaaki Tooi, Toshiya Matsuyama et Nobuhisa Murata. « Development of Molten Carbonater Fuel Cell at IHI ». Dans ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2481.

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Development of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) has entered the next stage of evolving into commercialization. IHI has been taking part in the Phase III MCFC Development Program in Japan started in 2000. This program has the following development plans. (1) 300 kW class pressurized MCFC power generation system combined with micro Gas turbine. (2) High-pressurized operation technologies and modularization technologies of MCFC which become indispensable to realization of medium- to large-scale MCFC - Gas turbine combined power generation system. At the first step of MCFC commercialization, these systems will be introduced into several hundreds kW cogeneration and several MW distributed power resources. In the future, MCFC will be introduced as substitution of the thermal power plants.

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Milewski, Jarosław, Marcin Wołowicz et Andrzej Miller. « Mathematical Model of MCFC (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell) for Power Plant Simulations ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2013 : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95176.

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An MCFC model concept is presented. The MCFC model was built in HYSYS.Plant environment is based on its standard libraries. The main elements of the MCFC model and chemical reactions are presented. Selected performance characteristics at the design point of MCFC are presented. A new equation is given to define MCFC voltage, which was obtained based on new assumptions and which can be used instead of the classical approach.

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Bove, Roberto, et Piero Lunghi. « Comparison Between MCFC/Gas Turbine and MCFC/Steam Turbine Combined Power Plants ». Dans ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41708.

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Worldwide, the main power source to produce electric energy is represented by fossil fuels, principally used at the present time in large combustion power plants. The main environmental impacts of fossil fuel-fired power plants are the use of non-renewable resources and pollutants emissions. An improvement in electric efficiency would yield a reduction in emissions and resources depletion. In fact, if efficiency is raised, in order to produce an amount unit of electric energy, less fuel is required and consequently less pollutants are released. Moreover, higher efficiency leads to economic savings in operating costs. A generally accepted way of improving efficiency is to combine power plants’ cycles. If one of the combined plants is represented by a fuel cell, both thermodynamic efficiency and emissions level are improved. Fuel cells, in fact, are ultra-clean high efficiency energy conversion devices because no combustion occurs in energy production, but only electrochemical reactions and consequently no NOx and CO are produced inside the cell. Moreover, the final product of the reaction is water that can be released into the atmosphere without particular problems. Second generation fuel cells (Solid Oxide FC and Molten Carbonate FC) are particularly suitable for combining cycles, due to their high operating temperature. In previous works, the authors had analyzed the possibility of combining Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) plant with a Gas Turbine and then a MCFC with a Steam Turbine Plant. Results obtained show that both these configurations allow to obtain high conversion efficiencies and reduced emissions. In the present work, a comparison between MCFC-Gas Turbine and MCFC-Steam Turbine is conducted in order to evaluate the main advantages and disadvantages in adopting one solution instead of the other one.

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Milewski, Jarosław, Jacek Sałacin´ski et Andrzej Miller. « The Reduction of CO2 Emission of Gas Turbine Power Plant by Using a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2007 : Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27030.

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The possibility of using a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) to reduce the CO2 emission from Gas Turbine Power Plant (GTPP) is shown. The MCFC is placed after a gas turbine. The main advantages of this solution are: higher total electric power generated by hybrid system and reduced CO2 emission with remained system efficiency. A comparison of three systems: standard GTPP, GT-MCFC, and GT-MCFC with additional heat exchangers is shown. The application of MCFC could reduce CO2 emission of 73% (absolutely) and 77% relative to produced power.

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Milewski, Jarosław, Janusz Lewandowski et Andrzej Miller. « Reducing CO2 Emissions From a Coal Fired Power Plant by Using a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2008 : Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50100.

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A Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) is shown to reduce CO2 emissions from a Coal Fired Power Plant (CFPP). The MCFC is placed in the flue gas stream of the coal fired boiler. The main advantages of this solution are: higher total electric power generated by a hybrid system, reduced CO2 emissions and higher system efficiency. The model of the MCFC is given and described. The results obtained show that use of an MCFC could reduce CO2 emissions by 56%, which gives a relative CO2 emission rate of 288 kgCO2 per MWh.

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Le, Qize, et Jitesh H. Panchal. « Modeling the Effect of Product Architecture on Mass Collaborative Processes : An Agent-Based Approach ». Dans ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86798.

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Traditional product development efforts are based on well-structured and hierarchical product development teams. The products are systematically decomposed into subsystems that are designed by dedicated teams with well-defined information flows. Recently, a new product development approach called Mass Collaborative Product Development (MCPD) has emerged. The fundamental difference between a traditional product development process and a MCPD process is that the former is based on top-down decomposition while the latter is based on evolution and self-organization. The paradigm of MCPD has resulted in highly successful products such as Wikipedia, Linux and Apache. Despite the success of various projects using MCPD, it is not well understood how the product architecture affects the evolution of products developed using such processes. To address this gap, an agent-based model to study MCPD processes is presented in this paper. Through this model, the effect of product architectures on the product evolution is studied. The model is executed for different architectures ranging from slot architecture to bus architecture and the rates of product evolution are determined. The simulation-based approach allows us to study how the degree of modularity of products affects the evolution time of products and different modules in the MCPD processes. The methodology is demonstrated using an illustrative example of mobile phones. This approach provides a simple and intuitive way to study the effects of product architecture on the MCPD processes. It is helpful in determining the best strategies for product decomposition and identifying the product architectures that are suitable for the MCPD processes.

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Matsuda, Nathan, Oliver Cossairt et Mohit Gupta. « MC3D : Motion Contrast 3D Scanning ». Dans 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computational Photography (ICCP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccphot.2015.7168370.

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SMITHGALL, D. H., T. J. MILLER et R. E. FRAZEE. « Novel MCVD process control technique ». Dans Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C. : OSA, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.1986.wd2.

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Francesco, Tramontano. « Single top studies with MCFM ». Dans 15th International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects. Amsterdam : Science Wise Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3360/dis.2007.59.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "MCFD"

Ashok Kush. MCFC PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TEST. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), août 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/835051.

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Unknown. MCFC PRODUCT DESIGN IMPROVEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), avril 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/780454.

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Unknown. MCFC product design improvement. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/750846.

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Unknown. MCFC PRODUCT DESIGN IMPROVEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janvier 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/795265.

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Smith, Randall. Multi-Community Cyber Defense (MCCD). Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, novembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408408.

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Villa, Daniel, Charles Morrow, Johan Vanneste, Emily Gustafson, NREL Sertac Akar, Craig Turchi et Tzahi Cath. Multi-configuration Membrane Distillation Model (MCMD). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), octobre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1489619.

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Hosaka, M., T. Morita, T. Matsuyama et M. Otsubo. Status of MCFC stack technology at IHI. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460221.

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Hori, M., T. Hayashi et Y. Shimizu. Progress of MCFC stack technology at Toshiba. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460223.

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Kuroe, S., T. Kamo, H. Fujimura et T. Kahara. Operation characteristics of a multiple type MCFC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460237.

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Lee, Kab Soo, Hwayong Kim, Seong-An Hong et Hee Chun Lim. Prediction of temperature profile in MCFC stack. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460260.

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