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1
El-Mamouni, R., R. Leduc et S. R. Guiot. « Influence of synthetic and natural polymers on the anaerobic granulation process ». Water Science and Technology 38, no 8-9 (1 octobre 1998) : 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0824.
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The influence of synthetic Percol 763 and natural chitosan polymers on the granulation rate of suspended anaerobic sludge was studied in laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB)-like reactors. The results showed that supplementation of the reactors with polymers, either natural or synthetic, enhanced the granulation in comparison to control reactors (without the addition of polymers). A greater granulation was, however, obtained with chitosan compared to that with Percol 763. Chitosan yielded a granulation rate as high as 56 m/d compared to 35 m/d Percol 763. The superior granulation performance of chitosan was probably related to its polysaccharidic structure, hence acting similarly to the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in aggregating anaerobic sludge. The granules specific activities were enhanced in the reactors supplemented with both polymers compared to those in control reactors. Overall, the results showed that polymers play a more critical role than microbial trophic groups in enhancing anaerobic granulation in UASB-like reactors.
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Ayorinde, John Oluwasogo, Oludele Adelanwa Itiola, Oluwatoyin Adepeju Odeku et Michael Ayodele Odeniyi. « Influence of binder type and process parameters on the compression properties and microbial survival in diclofenac tablet formulations ». Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 47, no 4 (décembre 2011) : 845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502011000400022.
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The influence of binder type and process parameters on the compression properties and microbial survival in diclofenac tablet formulations were studied using a novel gum from Albizia zygia. Tablets were produced from diclofenac formulations containing corn starch, lactose and dicalcium phosphate. Formulations were analyzed using the Heckel and Kawakita plots. Determination of microbial viability in the formulations was done on the compressed tablets of both contaminated and uncontaminated tablets prepared from formulations. Direct compression imparted a higher plasticity on the materials than the wet granulation method. Tablets produced by wet granulation presented with a higher crushing strength than those produced by the direct compression method. Significantly higher microbial survival (p< 0.05) was obtained in formulations prepared by direct compression. The percent survival of Bacillus subtilis spores decreased with increase in binder concentration. The study showed that Albizia gum is capable of imparting higher plasticity on materials and exhibited a higher reduction of microbial contaminant in the formulations. The direct compression method produced tablets of reduced viability of microbial contaminant.
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Zhao, Xia, Ji Min Shen, Zhong Lin Chen et Xiao Chun Wang. « Performance and Microbial Community of Aerobic Granular Sludge Bioreactor ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (février 2014) : 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.405.
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Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated from activated-sludge in sequencing batch reactor. The change of physical properties and the effect of treatment of organic substance and microbial community were studied in the process of the different influent organic loading rate. The results showed that the formation process of aerobic granulation was rapid but the granular sludge was not stable and existed a disintegration-reunion dynamic balance system. The value of MLSS descended from 5.12g/L to 1.03g/L. The removal efficiency of NH4+-N decreased to 74.17% and total phosphorous (TP) removal efficiency maintained beyond 90% all the while. The CODCr removal was over 85% which higher than that of after adding in methanol, then reduced but had trend of rise to 31.89% at last. Microbial species in granulation were speculated by detecting polyhydroxyalkan- oates between granular sludge and activated sludge in the reactor. The results showed that microbial species of activated sludge are more diverse.
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El-Mamouni, R., R. Leduc, J. W. Costerton et S. R. Guiot. « Influence of the microbial content of different precursory nuclei on the anaerobic granulation dynamics ». Water Science and Technology 32, no 8 (1 octobre 1995) : 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0291.
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Anaerobic granule nuclei enriched in either acidogens (AF), syntrophic consortia (SN), Methanosaeta spp. (MT) and Methanosarcina spp. (MN) were developed in four upflow bed filter reactors fed with sucrose, an ethanol/acetate mixture, acetate and methanol, respectively. The four developed granule nuclei presented different settling velocities: 3.2, 8.7, 10.5 and 11.3 m/h for the AF flocs, the MS-, the SN- and the MT-nuclei, respectively. The ash content represented 60%, 40%, 30% and 16% of dry weight for the MT-, MS-, SN-enriched nuclei, and AF flocs, respectively. Acidogenic flocs contained high amount of extracellular polymeric substances. The influence of these four different nuclei on the time course of complex granule development was investigated by shifting the feed carbon of all of the four reactors to sucrose. Granulation proceeded rapidly both on syntrophic and Methanosaeta nuclei. The largest granules (Sauter diameter of 2.36 mm), however, were obtained within the shortest period in the reactor started with syntrophic nuclei. These nuclei presented also the best colonization by fermentative bacteria as shown by the evolution of their glucotrophic activities. Less satisfying granulation was obtained on Methanosarcina nuclei. In contrast, granulation was significantly retarded when acidogens were used as precursors. From these results it appears that syntrophs and Methanosaeta spp. play the principal role in anaerobic granulation process.
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Affam, Augustine Chioma, Wong Chee Chung et Wong Chee Swee. « Can Induced Magnetic Field Enhance Bioprocesses ? - Review ». MATEC Web of Conferences 203 (2018) : 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820303007.
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This review presents a compilation of works with particular interest in the application of static magnetic field (SMF) to biological systems, wastewater treatment and few available reports on microbial granulation technology. It also highlights the effects of SMF on biological systems and wastewater treatment process. With an increasing need for environmentally conscious solutions to water purification and disinfection, wastewater treatment, bioremediation and other cheap alternative means, the application of SMF in biological water and wastewater treatment without increase in chemicals required may become an attractive option. Application of SMF has been reported to be successful in a number of fields including treatment of wastewater. However, there are sparse reports on SMF application in the formation and development of microbial granule and production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Achieving a short start-up time in a bioreactor towards the development of microbial granule is of paramount importance in granulation technology. Ascertaining how effective varying strength of SMF and other input variables may enhance the microbial granule with respect to its physical, chemical and biological characteristics requires further research.
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Li, Yun, Shu-fang Yang, Jian-jun Zhang et Xiao-yan Li. « Formation of artificial granules for proving gelation as the main mechanism of aerobic granulation in biological wastewater treatment ». Water Science and Technology 70, no 3 (9 juin 2014) : 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.260.
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In this study, gelation-facilitated biofilm formation as a new mechanism is proposed for the phenomenon of aerobic granulation in biological wastewater treatment. To obtain an experimental proof for the gelation-based theory, the granulation process was simulated in a chemical system using latex particles for bacterial cells and organic polymers (alginate and peptone) for extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in a solution with the addition of cations (Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe3+). The results showed that at a low alginate content (70 mg g−1 mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS)) flocculation was observed in the suspension with loose flocs. At a higher alginate content (180 mg g−1 MLSS), together with discharge of small flocs, formation of artificial gel granules was successfully achieved leading to granulation. The artificial granules show a morphological property similar to that of actual microbial granules. However, if the protein content increased, granulation became difficult with little gel formation. The experimental work demonstrates the importance of the bonding interactions between EPS functional groups and cations in gel formation and granulation. The laboratory results on the formation of artificial granules provide a sound proof for the theory of gelation-facilitated biofilm formation as the main mechanism for aerobic granulation in sludge suspensions.
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Ahn, Y. H., et H. C. Kim. « Nutrient removal and microbial granulation in an anaerobic process treating inorganic and organic nitrogenous wastewater ». Water Science and Technology 50, no 6 (1 septembre 2004) : 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0378.
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The sustainable anaerobic nitrogen removal and microbial granulation were investigated by using a laboratory anaerobic granular sludge bed reactor, treating synthetic (inorganic and organic) wastewater and piggery waste. From inorganic synthetic wastewater, lithoautotrophic ammonium oxidation to nitrite/nitrate was observed by an addition of hydroxylamine. Also, the results revealed that the Anammox intermediates (particularly, hydrazine) contents in the substrate would be one of the important parameters for success of the anaerobic nitrogen removal process. The results from organic synthetic wastewater show that if the Anammox organism were not great enough in the startup of the process, denitritation and anaerobic ammonification would be a process prior to the Anammox reaction. The anaerobic ammonium removal from the piggery waste was performed successfully, probably due to the Anammox intermediates contained in the substrate. This reactor shows a complex performance including the Anammox reaction and HAP crystallization, as well as having partial denitritation occurring simultaneously. From the activity test, the maximum specific N conversion rate was 0.1 g NH4-N/g VSS/day (0.77 g T-N/g VSS/day), indicating that potential denitritation is quite high. The NO2-N/NH4-N ratio to Anammox is 1.17. The colour of the biomass treating the piggery waste changed from black to dark red. It was also observed that the red-colored granular sludge had a diameter of 1-2 mm. The settleability assessment of the granular sludge revealed that the granular sludge had a good settleability even though it was worse than that of seed granular sludge.
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Dosta, J., J. Vila, I. Sancho, N. Basset, M. Grifoll et J. Mata-Álvarez. « Two-step partial nitritation/Anammox process in granulation reactors : Start-up operation and microbial characterization ». Journal of Environmental Management 164 (décembre 2015) : 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.023.
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Li, Ding-Chang, Jing-Feng Gao, Shu-Jun Zhang, Yong-Qing Gao et Li-Xin Sun. « Enhanced granulation process, a more effective way of aerobic granular sludge cultivation in pilot-scale application comparing to normal granulation process : From the perspective of microbial insights ». Science of The Total Environment 707 (mars 2020) : 136106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136106.
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Ul’yanov, A. Yu, O. D. Klokova, O. V. Gromova, V. R. Vol’nikov, O. A. Volokh et A. K. Nikiforov. « Ways to Reduce the Level of Contamination at the Stages of Tableted Chemical Cholera Vaccine Production ». Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no 1 (16 avril 2021) : 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2021-1-152-155.
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Objective of the study was an assessment of the degree of contamination of cholera chemical vaccine at the stages of preparation and determination of the ways to reduce it.Materials and methods. Liquid and lyophilized components of the cholera chemical vaccine used in the study: cholerogen-anatoxin and O-antigens of Vibrio cholerae 569B and V. cholerae M-41 strains, as well as auxiliary substances (sucrose, talc, calcium stearate, starch). Granulation was carried out in a device that works on a fluidized bed principle, GPCG 2 (GLATT, Germany). Subsequent tabletizing of the mixture was performed using MiniTabT compression machine (LUXNER, Germany). Studies were conducted on the evaluation of “microbiological purity” at the stages of manufacturing of the cholera chemical vaccine, tablets coated with an enteric coating. Positive or negative growth of microorganisms on Petri dishes with nutrient media was determined on visual inspection.Results and conclusions. The dynamics of changes in microbial contamination at certain technological stages of vaccine production has been revealed. It is shown that the solutions of antigens in the process of separation are subject to microbial contamination which is associated with the use of ammonium sulfate during precipitation and non-sterile water at the stage of dialysis. Sterility of semi-finished products has been achieved through twophase filtration of choleragen-anatoxin and sterilization of O-antigens of V. cholerae 569B and V. cholerae M-41 strains with flowing steam at (100±1) °C for 30 minutes. In order to decrease microbial contamination at the stage of granulation additional fine filters were installed in the air-supply system. Further on comparative assessment of microbial purity of vaccine batches obtained using both, direct compression and preliminary granulation, was carried out. It has been experimentally demonstrated that granulation of the components of a tablet mixture of cholera vaccine leads to a decrease in the level of bacterial contamination and improves the microbiological purity of the finished dosage form.
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Morvai, L., P. Miháltz et L. Czakó. « The Kinetic Basis of a New Start-Up Method to Ensure the Rapid Granulation of Anaerobic Sludge ». Water Science and Technology 25, no 7 (1 avril 1992) : 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0144.
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The control of the granulation process seems to be a kind of microbial selection: the enrichment of Methanothrix sp. against the Methanosarcina sp. Because of a lower KS value of Methanothrix, keeping a low (below 200 mg.dm−3) acetate concentration has been advised to be beneficial for granulation. This method results a 70-100 days start-up time. This approach assumes Monod-type kinetics, although a substrate inhibition model may describe better the biomethanation of acetate. We found that the best fit was yielded by a Haldane-type equation modified by an inhibition response coefficient (n). The major difference between the kinetics of raw and granular sludges has been manifested in this dimensionless parameter. The n was 4 times higher for raw sludge (3.6-4.1) than for granular sludge (0.95-1.13) which means that the granular sludge (formed mainly by Methanothrix sp.) is less sensitive to substrate inhibition. Continuous UASB experiments gave a similar result: the n-value continuously decreased (from 2.3 to 0.2) following granule formation. On the basis of the above findings we developed a new strategy for granulation control which ensured fast (35-40 day) granulation on carbohydrate-containing wastewaters.
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Yu, Chengzhi, Xinying Zhang, Shaohong Zhao, Weiliang Zhang, Xiaolong Li, Limin Zhang, Meixiang Chen, Dan Lin et Liyan You. « Sludge granulation and microbial activity in a stable CANON process by DO controlling and operating parameter optimization ». Biochemical Engineering Journal 174 (octobre 2021) : 108126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2021.108126.
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Wang, Zhaozhao, Ying Ji, Lina Yan, Yong Yan, Huan Zhang, Peng Gao et Simin Li. « Simultaneous anammox and denitrification process shifted from the anammox process in response to C/N ratios : Performance, sludge granulation, and microbial community ». Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 130, no 3 (septembre 2020) : 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.04.007.
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Nahaichuk, Vasyl, Oleksandr Nazarchuk, Roman Chornopyshchuk, Pavlo Hormash et Yuliana Babina. « Peculiarities of the wound healing process in the acute period of burn disease depending on the antiseptic used ». Perioperaciina Medicina 2, no 2 (1 novembre 2019) : 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31636/prmd.v2i2.3.
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Background. Burn injury, as one of the most common types of trauma, requires a comprehensive approach to treatment, including surgical and conservative treatment with effective post-burn wound protection. One of the main obstacles to wound healing is purulent-infectious complications, for prevention of which antiseptics are widely used.
The aim is to study the microbiological, histological features of the wound healing course in the acute period of burn disease with the use of various antiseptics.
Materials and methods. In the research there were involved 44 patients with burns (burn area 10–20 % of the body surface), treated in the Clinical Center for Thermal Injury and Plastic Surgery of Communal Non-Commercial Enterprise “Vinnytsia Regional Clinical Hospital named after M. I. Pirogov” (2018–2019). Depending on the antiseptic therapy, these patients were divided into three observation groups. Patients in the 1st study group (n = 15; mean age 48.07 ± 12.05 years) were treated with 2.0 % povidone-iodine during dressing. In the 2nd group (n = 15; mean age – 48.53 ± 14.76 years) antiseptic based on 0.02 % decamethoxin was used. In patients of the comparison group (n = 14; mean age – 47.71 ± 12.39 years) a solution of 10.0 % NaCl was administrated for topical wound management. Microbiological assessment of the condition of the wound surface (on 3, 7, 14, 21 days) and histological examination of tissue samples from the bottom of the wound (on 3, 7, 14 days) were carried out by means of standard methods.
Results. Under the use of antiseptic agents based on 2.0 % povidone-iodine and 0.02 % decamethoxin during the treatment period in patients with burns up to 14 days, an effective reduction in the number of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms on the wound surface to lg (4.8 ± 0.4) and lg (3.06 ± 0.5) CFU/ml, respectively, was registered and it was significantly 1.5 times lower than that based on 10 % sodium chloride solution (p < 0.05). When applying decamethoxin for 14 days at the same time as the eradication of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, moderate colonization of wounds was registered by representatives of normal skin microbiota (Corynebacterium spp., S. epidermidis). Histologically, there was found that with the use of 2.0 % povidone-iodine, the wound healing course was accompanied by a marked decrease in inflammation signs, as well as a pronounced inhibition of the formation of granulation tissue (10–14 days). The use of 0.02 % decamethoxin was accompanied by the formation of granulation tissue of sufficient maturity for atodermoplasty, in the presence of signs of inflammatory cellular reaction with the presence in the superficial parts of the bottom of the post-burn wounds of the fibrinoid layer, with signs of permanent formation of new hemocapillaries in it, surrounded by a thin argyrophilic mesh. When using a hypertonic sodium chloride solution before autodermoplasty, the granulation tissue had signs of uneven inflammatory cell infiltration. Signs of leukocyte-necrotic tissue changes, fibrinoid-leukocyte layers with fragments of tissue detritus, signs of resuscularization of granulation tissue were recorded.
Conclusion. Microbiological data strongly suggest the efficacy of 0.02 % decamethoxin and 2.0 % povidone-iodine in reducing microbial wound colonization infection compared to 10.0 % NaCl. The use of antiseptics and hypertonic sodium chloride solution in the acute period of burn disease provides a marked reduction in histological signs of inflammation in the wound with a noticeable positive effect of decamethoxin and 10.0 % NaCl on the formation of granulations and their revascularization compared with povidone-iodine (p < 0.001).
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Cha, Lijuan, Yong-Qiang Liu, Wenyan Duan, Christain E. W. Sternberg, Qiangjun Yuan et Fangyuan Chen. « Fluctuation and Re-Establishment of Aerobic Granules Properties during the Long-Term Operation Period with Low-Strength and Low C/N Ratio Wastewater ». Processes 9, no 8 (26 juillet 2021) : 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081290.
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Long-term structure stability of aerobic granules is critical to maintaining stable wastewater treatment performance. In this study, granulation and long-term stability of sludge-treating synthetic wastewater with a low chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen (COD/N) ratio of 4:1 and COD concentration of 400 mg/L in anoxic-oxic conditions were investigated for over 300 days. Inoculated suspended sludge gradually transformed into granules-dominant sludge on day 80. Due to the improved sludge volume index after 30 min settling (SVI30), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) reached 5.2 g/L on day 140. Without any external intervention or disturbance, aerobic granules started to disintegrate from day 140, causing the increase in SVI and the decrease in biomass concentration until day 210, with the average sludge size reduced to 243 µm. From day 210, granular sludge started to be re-established by re-granulation, and the average granule size increased to 500 µm on day 302. During these disintegration and re-granulation periods, there was no obvious difference in terms of COD removal and nitrification, but microbial species were found more diverse after the re-granulation, with Thauera and Sphingomonas dominant. Although there was no external intervention, the food to microorganisms ratio (F/M) varied significantly due to the changes in biomass concentration caused by strong selective pressure and the change of sludge-settling ability in the reactor. F/M ratios should be controlled between 0.3 and 1.0 gCOD/gSS·d to maintain the stable structure of granules to minimize the fluctuation of sludge properties under the conditions used in this study. Although aerobic granular sludge is able to re-establish itself after disintegration, controlling F/M ratios in a certain range would benefit long-term stability. The findings in this study are significant to deepen the understanding of granule stability with low-strength and low COD ratio wastewater and, thus, provide guidance for maintaining the long-term stability of granules.
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Zheng, Guoqiang, Kuizu Su, Shuai Zhang, Yulan Wang et Weihong Wang. « Three-dimensional multi-species mathematical model of the aerobic granulation process based on cellular automata theory ». Water Science and Technology 77, no 12 (12 juin 2018) : 2761–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.246.
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Abstract Aerobic granular sludge is a kind of microbial polymer formed by self-immobilization under aerobic conditions. It has been widely studied because of its promising application in wastewater treatment. However, the granulation process of aerobic sludge is still a key factor affecting its practical application. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) multi-species mathematical model of aerobic granular sludge was constructed using the cellular automata (CA) theory. The growth process of aerobic granular sludge and its spatial distribution of microorganisms were studied under different conditions. The simulation results show that the aerobic granules were smaller under high shear stress and that the autotrophic bacterial content of the granular sludge interior was higher. However, the higher the dissolved oxygen concentration, the larger the size of granular sludge and the higher the content of autotrophic bacteria in the interior of the granular sludge. In addition, inhibition of toxic substances made the aerobic granule size increase more slowly, and the spatial distribution of the autotrophic bacteria and the toxic-substance-degrading bacteria were mainly located in the outer layer, with the heterotrophic bacteria mainly existing in the interior of the granular sludge.
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Vlaeminck, Siegfried E., Akihiko Terada, Barth F. Smets, Haydée De Clippeleir, Thomas Schaubroeck, Selin Bolca, Lien Demeestere et al. « Aggregate Size and Architecture Determine Microbial Activity Balance for One-Stage Partial Nitritation and Anammox ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no 3 (30 novembre 2009) : 900–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02337-09.
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ABSTRACT Aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) and anoxic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) cooperate in partial nitritation/anammox systems to remove ammonium from wastewater. In this process, large granular microbial aggregates enhance the performance, but little is known about granulation so far. In this study, three suspended-growth oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification-denitrification (OLAND) reactors with different inoculation and operation (mixing and aeration) conditions, designated reactors A, B, and C, were used. The test objectives were (i) to quantify the AerAOB and AnAOB abundance and the activity balance for the different aggregate sizes and (ii) to relate aggregate morphology, size distribution, and architecture putatively to the inoculation and operation of the three reactors. A nitrite accumulation rate ratio (NARR) was defined as the net aerobic nitrite production rate divided by the anoxic nitrite consumption rate. The smallest reactor A, B, and C aggregates were nitrite sources (NARR, >1.7). Large reactor A and C aggregates were granules capable of autonomous nitrogen removal (NARR, 0.6 to 1.1) with internal AnAOB zones surrounded by an AerAOB rim. Around 50% of the autotrophic space in these granules consisted of AerAOB- and AnAOB-specific extracellular polymeric substances. Large reactor B aggregates were thin film-like nitrite sinks (NARR, <0.5) in which AnAOB were not shielded by an AerAOB layer. Voids and channels occupied 13 to 17% of the anoxic zone of AnAOB-rich aggregates (reactors B and C). The hypothesized granulation pathways include granule replication by division and budding and are driven by growth and/or decay based on species-specific physiology and by hydrodynamic shear and mixing.
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Duan, Wensong, Qigui Niu, Xiaoguang Xu, Wei Li et Dafang Fu. « Influence of attapulgite addition on the biological performance and microbial communities of submerged dynamic membrane bioreactor ». Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 7, no 4 (29 décembre 2016) : 488–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2016.133.
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A submerged dynamic membrane bioreactor (sDMBR) was developed to test the influence of attapulgite (AT) addition on the treatment performances and the microbial community structure and function. The batch experimental results displayed the highest UV254 and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiencies with 5% AT/mixed liquid suspended solids addition dosage. The continuous sDMBR results showed that the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, NH4+-N, total nitrogen and total phosphorus significantly increased in the AT added sDMBR. Excitation emission matrix analysis demonstrated that the protein-like peaks and fulvic acid-like peaks were significantly decreased in both in the mixed liquid and the effluent of the AT added reactor. The obligate anaerobes were observed in the sDMBR with AT addition, such as Bacteroidetes and Gamma proteobacterium in the dynamic membrane, which played an important role in the process of sludge granulation. Bacterial community richness significantly increased after AT addition with predominated phyla of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Similarly, species abundance significantly increased in the AT added sDMBR. Further investigations with cluster proved that AT was a favorite biological carrier for the microbial ecology, which enriched microbial abundance and community diversity of the sDMBR.
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Shaprynskyi, Volodymyr O., Stepan S. Skalskyi, Yevhen V. Shaprynskyi, Andriy V. Verba et Viktor M. Makarov. « COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PURULENT WOUNDS WITH THE USE OF HIGH-PRESSURE AERODISPERSE MIXTURE ». Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no 5 (2020) : 889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202005110.
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The aim: To investigate the effectiveness of complex treatment of purulent wounds with the use of high pressure aerodispersed mixture of antibacterial drug using sorbents and correction of hydrogen index. Materials and methods: In total, 54 patients were treated, out of which there were 26 patients with purulent wounds in the main group and 28 patients in the control group. Patients in the main group were treated according to the developed method, patients in the control group were treated with traditional antiseptics and water soluble ointments. Results: Within patients of the main group, there was a decrease in the duration of inflammatory process, decrease in the quantity of microorganisms in the wound; slight changes in the sensitivity of the microorganisms to antibacterial preparations, compared with the control group, which showed a high percentage of development of resistant strains; decreased edema and secretion from wounds, the early appearance of granulation. Conclusions: The use of the proposed approach reduces the microbial burden on the wound, accelerates its purification from purulent-necrotic tissues and reduces the duration of the inflammatory process due to the presence of the microbial factor.
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Rodrìguez, José Albino M., José Rutilio M. López, Genaro C. Gutiérrez, Marco-Antonio G. Coronel, Enrique S. Mora, Lilián-Aurora M. Rodríguez et Fernando M. Rodríguez. « Evaluation Of The Capacity Of Granulation In Surgical Wounds with Condensed Tannins in Matrices Tio2. » MRS Proceedings 1479 (2012) : 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1599.
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ABSTRACT.The nanoencapsulation in biocompatible inorganic materials with human cell activity is a leading technology to control the process of releasing the drug in the right place. At present, the sol-gel process has emerged as a promising platform for the immobilization, stabilization and encapsulation of biological molecules such as enzymes, antibodies, microorganisms, and a variety of drugs. The matrices obtained are chemically inert, hydrophilic and easy synthesis. They have high mechanical strength, thermal stability in wide temperature ranges and absorb organic solvents so insignificant compared with other organic polymers. They are resistant to microbial attack and exhibit high biocompatibility with the body, as provided for implantation in situ in the treatment of various diseases. An additional advantage is that it provides viability encapsulated molecules, since these matrices act as reservoirs of water thus helping to maintain the biological activity of enzymes, antibodies, cells, and drugs for the moisture level required for the molecule. We used the action of the active ingredients of tepezcohuite (condensed tannins) to assess the capacity aseptic surgical wound healing than 1 cm in diameter in New Zealand white rabbits. Experimentally and statistically demonstrating the effectiveness of healing nanoreservoirs Tan/TiO2-150 the weight of tannins by 60% compared to condensed tannins as such, TiO2and isotonic saline.
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Jianrong, Zhu, Hu Jicui et Gu Xiasheng. « The bacterial numeration and an observation of a new syntrophic association for granular sludge ». Water Science and Technology 36, no 6-7 (1 septembre 1997) : 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0584.
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The bacterial numeration and microbial observation were made on granular sludge from laboratory single and two-phase UASB reactors. It was shown that the fermentative bacteria (group I), H2-producing acetogenic bacteria (group II) and methanogenic bacteria (group III) of granular sludge in single UASB reactor were 9.3 × 108−4.3 × 109, 4.3 × 107−4.3 × 108, 2.0−4.3 × 108, respectively, during the granulation process. The sludge of methanogenic reactor exhibited the similar results. That indicates there is no big difference between suspended and granular sludge, and bacterial population for three groups of anaerobic bacteria are similar. The formation of granular sludge depends mainly on the organization and arrangement of bacteria. An observation of granular sludge using electron microscope revealed that the fermentative bacteria and hydrogenotrophic methanogens existed on outer surface of granules, and aceticlastic methanogens and H2-producing acetogenic bacteria occupied the inner layer. A new syntrophic association between Methanosaeta sp. and Syntrophomonas sp. (even plus Methanobrevibacter sp.) was observed. Because Methanosaeta can effectively convert the acetate (the end product of propionate and butyrate) to methane, such a new syntrophic association is supposed to support the degradation of short fatty acids and high methanogenic activity of granular sludge. Based on structural pattern, a hypothesis on mechanism of granulation called “crystallized nuclei formation” is proposed.
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Filho, Natalino Perovano, Ismarley Lage Horta Morais, Lívia Carneiro Fidélis Silva, Claudio Mudadu Silva, João Carlos Teixeira Dias, Cynthia Canedo da Silva et Sérgio Oliveira de Paula. « Production of extracellular polymeric substances by isolate consortia obtained from mesophilic aerobic granules from the treatment of paper mill effluent ». BioResources 14, no 3 (10 juin 2019) : 5845–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.5845-5861.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aerobic granules are large, compact microbial aggregates when compared to flocculent sludge, and they can be used in wastewater treatment. The application of aerobic granular sludge in bioreactors for the treatment of industrial effluents is still considered innovative and has been the subject of several recent studies. In the present study, 19 microbial isolates from mesophilic aerobic granules, obtained from a previous study, were evaluated in co-aggregation tests. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and humic acids, were determined. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the amount of EPS produced and the contribution of each isolate in the granulation process. The results of EPS production were used to analyze the polysaccharide / protein (PS / PN) ratio. The consortia with an absence of isolates 4, 8, 11, 14, 19, and 25 presented a PS / PN ratio <0.5. These isolates, identified as belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Agrobacterium, Enterobacter, and Rhodococcus, were considered effective for the production and stability of the mesophilic aerobic granules.
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Di Iaconi, C., G. Del Moro, A. Lopez, M. De Sanctis et R. Ramadori. « Municipal wastewater treatment by a periodic biofilter with granular biomass ». Water Science and Technology 58, no 12 (1 décembre 2008) : 2395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.836.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The paper reports the results obtained during an experimental campaign aimed at transferring aerobic granulation to a demonstrative SBBGR system (i.e., a submerged biofilter that operates in a “fill and draw” mode) for the treatment of municipal wastewater by financial support of the European Commission, within the framework of Life-Environment Programme (PERBIOF Project; www.perbiof-europe.com). The results show that following the generation of granular biomass during the start-up period, the SBBGR was able to remove 80-90% of COD, total suspended solids and ammonia occurring in primary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant even when the minimum hydraulic residence time (i.e., 4 h) was investigated. The process was characterised by a sludge production almost one magnitude order lower than commonly reported for conventional treatment plants. The granular biomass was characterised by a high density (i.e., 150 gTSS/Lbiomass) that allowed a biomass concentration as high as 35 kgTSS/m3bed to be achieved. Proteobacteria were found as main microbial components of the granular biomass by applying Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH). No significant changes in microbial composition were observed during reactor operation.
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Tare, V., et P. C. Sabumon. « Application of Sulfate-Reducing and Sulfide-Oxidizing Bacterial Symbiosis for Wastewater Treatment ». Water Quality Research Journal 30, no 2 (1 mai 1995) : 305–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1995.029.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This investigation attempted to advance the state of the art of the process which utilizes the symbiotic relationship between the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfide oxidizing bacteria (SOB) for degradation of organic matter present in wastewater. Major emphasis has been on the development of the desired microbial system without any external seed and comparative evaluation of the two types of multistage reversing flow bioreactor (MRB) systems. Biological vessels (BVs) in the MRB systems simulate conditions which correspond to configurations described as upflow sludge blanket and stationary fixed film. Two bench-scale models – one designed to achieve self granulation of sludge (SGS), and the second designed to promote growth of SRB/SOB on additional nonreactive surface – were set up and operated over a period of 4 months. Domestic wastewater supplemented with organic matter from sugar cane molasses was used as feed to develop the desired microbial population. Several visual and microscopic observations confirmed the presence of a significant number of SRB and SOB in all the biological vessels. Results indicated that it is possible to develop SGS and a microbial population of SRB and SOB which could attach to the nonreactive surface without any external seeding. Domestic wastewater could serve as a source of these organisms. Immobilized growth conditions and suspended growth conditions in BVs yield similar results in terms of organic matter utilization. The empirical formula for MRB biomass can be expressed as C11O12H36N5S.
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Xu, Hui, Yanbiao Liu, Yingying Gao, Fang Li, Bo Yang, Man Wang, Chunyan Ma, Qing Tian, Xinshan Song et Wolfgang Sand. « Granulation process in an expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB) reactor for domestic sewage treatment : Impact of extracellular polymeric substances compositions and evolution of microbial population ». Bioresource Technology 269 (décembre 2018) : 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.100.
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Khabibullin, Rustem, Thao Le Huong, Olga Ivanchenko et Andrey Petrov. « Energy efficiency of food production wastewater anaerobic-aerobic treatment ». E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019) : 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914001001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The advanced energyand resource saving technologies of food production wastewater treatment include anaerobic and aerobic steps. At present, various methods of intensification and optimization are used to increase the efficiency of anaerobic processes of wastewater treatment, including selection of active microbial communities, providing the optimum temperature regime, immobilizing biomass by granulation or biofilm formation, reducing various inhibitory effects, phase separation or pre-acidification, chemical or biological pretreatment of wastewater. The aim of this investigation was researching the effect of hydraulic and organic load rates on the energy efficiency of the wastewater treatment process and evaluating the energy efficiency depending on process conditions. Experimental laboratory installation included subsequently connected bioreactors, one from which acted as first stage and other bioreactors as the second stages of anaerobic process. It was shown that the biogas formation at the first and second stages differs significantly. A small volume of released biogas on the first stage allows us to ignore it, but characteristics of biogas formation at the second stage bioreactors are close and are described by general functional dependence. The specific yield of biogas from the organic matter consumed Ybg is independent of the specific organic load rate L, but is dependent on the specific flow rate of the treated water D.
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Thanh, Nguyen Thi, Takahiro Watari, Tran Phuong Thao, Masashi Hatamoto, Daisuke Tanikawa, Kazuaki Syutsubo, Masao Fukuda et al. « Impact of aluminum chloride on process performance and microbial community structure of granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for natural rubber processing wastewater treatment ». Water Science and Technology 74, no 2 (18 mai 2016) : 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.229.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this study, granular sludge formation was carried out using an aluminum chloride supplement in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating natural rubber processing wastewater. Results show that during the first 75 days after the start-up of the UASB reactor with an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.65 kg-COD·m−3·day−1, it performed stably with a removal of 90% of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sludge still remained in small dispersed flocs. However, after aluminum chloride was added at a concentration of 300 mg·L−1 and the OLR range was increased up to 5.32 kg-COD·m−3·day−1, the total COD removal efficiency rose to 96.5 ± 2.6%, with a methane recovery rate of 84.9 ± 13.4%, and the flocs began to form granules. Massively parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the sludge retained in the UASB reactor showed that total sequence reads of Methanosaeta sp. and Methanosarcina sp., reported to be the key organisms for granulation, increased after 311 days of operation. This indicates that the microbial community structure of the retained sludge in the UASB reactor at the end of the experiment gave a good account of itself in not only COD removal, but also granule formation.
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Fang, H. H. P., H. Liu et T. Zhang. « Bio-hydrogen production from wastewater ». Water Supply 4, no 1 (1 février 2004) : 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The technically feasibility of converting organic pollutants in wastewater into hydrogen by a continuous two-step process was demonstrated. Two carbohydrates, i.e. glucose and sucrose, in wastewater were respectively acidified by dark fermentation at pH 5.5 with 6–6.6 hours of hydraulic retention in a 3-l fermentor, producing an effluent containing mostly acetate and butyrate, and a methane-free biogas comprising mostly hydrogen. The acidified effluent was then further treated by photo fermentation for hydrogen production. The overall yield based on the substrate consumed was 31–32%, i.e. 17–18% for dark fermentation and 14% for photo fermentation. It was found that under certain dark fermentation conditions, hydrogen-producing sludge was agglutinated into granules, resulting in a higher biomass density and increased volumetric hydrogen production efficiency. DNA-based analysis of microbial communities revealed that the respective predominant bacteria were Clostridium in dark fermentation and Rhodobacter in photo fermentation. Further investigations are warranted, particularly, in areas such as improving reactor design, treating protein and lipid rich wastewaters, and studying sludge granulation mechanisms and controlling factors.
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Andreev, Alexander Alekseevich, Anton Petrovich Ostroushko, Artyom Olegovich Chuyan et Artyom Romanovich Karapityan. « Reparative Processes in Soft Tissues. Influence of Acidity ». Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 10, no 1 (8 août 2017) : 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2017-10-1-64-71.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Wound treatment is one of the most actual problems of modern surgery due to the increase of degree of injury, and also due to a sharp increase in quantity of emergencies of natural and technogenic disasters. Injuries of soft tissues of various etiology are annually diagnosed in the USA more than for 30 million people. To date there is a deep theoretical base developed for understanding of a pathophysiology of wound healing process, however still many questions remain debatable. The regeneration process is characterized by high metabolic activity and is based on biochemical reactions for which the pH value is of great importance. Changes of pH values of a wound during wound healing process are reflected in article. The authors noted the influence of pH on proteases and its inhibitors activity, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast activity, keratinocytes proliferation, microbial expansion, and also on wound oxygenation; in response to invasion and dissemination of microorganisms. Materials of the researches that determined pH influence degree on the skin graft survival are represented. Generalizing, following conclusions can be done: pH performs as a modulator in healing both acute chronic wounds; acidic milieu in the inflammation phase and the first half of the proliferation phase occurs to the most conducive, positively affecting on necrolysis and granulation formation; alkaline milieu in the second half of inflammation phase and in phase of epithelization promotes early closing of the tissue defect.
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Kunapongkiti, Pattaraporn, Chaiwat Rongsayamanont, Panida Nayramitsattha et Tawan Limpiyakorn. « Application of cell immobilization technology to promote nitritation : A review ». Environmental Engineering Research 25, no 6 (11 décembre 2019) : 807–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2019.151.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nitritation, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite without subsequent oxidation to nitrate, is a starting step for nitrite-based nitrogen removal approaches. This process can be induced by maintaining specific operating conditions that facilitate ammonia oxidation but deteriorate nitrite oxidation. In recent years, a number of publications have demonstrated the ability of cell immobilization to maintain nitritation and an oxygen-limiting strategy was suggested to be a key to the success of the approach. However, several aspects related to the success and failure of such systems remains unclear and requires further in-depth clarification. This review provides current information on the utilization of cell immobilization in nitritation reactors. Common operating strategies that promote nitritation by controlling environmental conditions are summarized in the first part of the review. The application of cell immobilization, including cell attachment, cell granulation, and cell entrapment systems, as well as microenvironments, and microbial distributions within cell immobilization matrices, are elaborated in the middle part of the review. Problems encountered in the operation of nitritation reactors using cell immobilization are discussed as opportunities for further research at the end of the review.
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Viltsaniuk, O. A., et M. V. Mazur. « JUSTIFICATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF DALMAXIN RECTAL SUPPOSITORIES (THIOTRIAZOLIN) IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF ACUTE PARAPROCTITIS ». Kharkiv Surgical School, no 1 (20 février 2020) : 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37699/2308-7005.1.2020.06.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Summary. The problem of treatment of acute purulent paraproctitis is one of the most urgent problems of modern coloproctology.
Study objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of Dalmaxin rectal suppositories in the complex treatment of acute paraproctitis.
Materials and methods. The effectiveness of use of Dalmaxin rectal suppositories was conducted in 62 patients with acute subcutaneous paraproctitis, assigned to two groups, a main group of 30 patients and a comparison group of 32 patients. All patients underwent radical surgery. Antimicrobial, detoxification and symptomatic therapy was prescribed postoperatively. Local treatment of purulent wounds was carried out using hydrophilic ointments depending on the phase of the wound process; the patients of the main group were additionally administered Dalmaxin rectal suppositories twice a day. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by the severity of the swelling, the nature of the discharge from the wound, the level of microbial contamination, the wound cleansing period, the appearance of granulation tissue and epithelialization, and by cytological examination. Furthermore, general laboratory and biochemical studies were performed. Endogenous intoxication (EI) and its changes in the course of treatment were evaluated by the level of average-mass molecules, leukocyte intoxication index and hematological intoxication index. Statistical processing and comparison of the obtained data was performed using the STATISTICA® 5.5 integrated system (STATSOFT® Inc., USA), license A XX 910A374605FA.
Results. The study showed that in patients with acute paraproctitis, the severity of the postoperative period is due to the severe intoxication and the development of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome that were observed in patients at the time of hospitalization. After surgical intervention, clinical and laboratory parameters did not normalize in the first five days of the postoperative period, and only starting from the fifth day, there was a gradual decrease in the level of EI and laboratory indicators, reaching the normal ones only at the time of discharge from the hospital. EI complicates the course of the postoperative period, primarily by weakening the level of humoral immunity and inhibiting the processes of reparative regeneration. When comparing the results of treatment of acute paraproctitis in patients using Dalmaxin rectal suppositories with traditional methods. The hospitalization period of the patients of the main group was also shorter than in the comparison group, and was (9.2 ± 0.5) and (11.9 ± 0.9) bed days, respectively.
Conclusions. A comparative evaluation of the use of Dalmaxin in the complex treatment of acute purulent paraproctitis showed that the drug, due to its properties, significantly improves the course of the postoperative period, as evidenced by faster reduction of endogenous intoxication, reduction of microbial contamination and wound cleansing from necrotic tissues, faster granulation and epithelialization, as well as wound healing, thus helping to reduce the time of hospitalization.
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Singh, Sudarshan, Ayaz Ahmad et Sunil Bothara B. « Formulation of Oral Mucoadhesive Tablets using Mucilage Isolated from Buchanania lanzan spreng Seeds ». International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 7, no 2 (31 mai 2014) : 2494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2014.7.2.11.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present study was taken to formulate and evaluate mucilage obtained from Buchanania lanzan spreng seeds (BL) belonging to family anacardiacea for oral mucoadhesive drug delivery system containing losartan potassium. Physiochemical characteristics of mucilage, such as swelling index, microbial count, viscosity, hydration capacity, flow property, and pH were studied. The mucilage was evaluated for its mucoadhesive properties in compressed tablet, containing losartan potassium. Granules were prepared by wet granulation process using polyvinylpyrrolidone as binding agent. Mucilage was used in four different concentrations i.e., 21, 42 and 55% w/w. The tablet were prepared and evaluated for its physical property. Further, in vitro dissolution and swelling index was determined. The property of bioadhesive strength of isolated mucilage was compared with Guar gum and HPMC E5LV, which was used as standard mucoadhesive agent concentration. Bioadhesive strength of the tablet was measured on the modified physical balance. Result revealed that tablets had good physiochemical properties, and drug release was retarded as concentration of mucilage was increased. The force of adhesion was obtained 0.1238N, 0.2822N, 0.5175N, 0.8679N and 0.3983N respectively for F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5. Formulations were subjected for study the effect of agitation at different rpm. Formulation showed relative effect on release of drug from formulation. All the formulations were subjected to stability studies for three months, all formulations showed stability with respect to release pattern. In conclusions, these results indicate that the seed mucilage of BL can be a suitable excipient for oral mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
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Singh, Sudarshan, et Sunil B. Bothara. « Formulation Development of Oral Mucoadhesive Tablets of Losartan Potassium using Mucilage Isolated from Diospyros melonoxylon Roxb Seeds ». International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 6, no 3 (30 novembre 2013) : 2154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2013.6.3.7.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Diospyros melonoxylon Roxb is a small tree with rather slender stem and smooth grey bark belonging to family Ebenaceae found widely in Chhattisgarh. The present investigation reports the isolation of mucilage from Diospyros melonoxylon seeds as per AOAC guideline and evaluating it as mucoadhesive agent. Physiochemical characteristics of mucilage, such as appearance, solubility, swelling index, microbial count, loss on drying, viscosity, hydration capacity, flow property, hausner ratio and pH were studied. The mucilage was evaluated for its mucoadhesive properties in compressed tablet, using Losartan Potassium as model drug. Granules were prepared by wet granulation process using polyvinylpirroli-done as binding agent. Mucilage was used in four different concentrations i.e. 20, 40 and 60 % w/w. The prepared granules were evaluated for micrometrics property. The tablet were prepared and evaluated for weight variation, thickness diameter, hardness, percent friability, in vitro dissolution and degree of swelling. The property of bioadhesive strength of isolated mucilage was compared with Guar Gum and HPMC E5LV, which was used as standard mucoadhesive agent concentration. Bioadhesive strength of the tablet was measured on the modified physical balance. The tablets had good physiochemical properties, and drug release was retarded as concentration of mucilage was increased. The force of adhesion was obtained 0.2063N, 0.3837N, 0.5175N, 0.8679N and 0.3983N respectively for F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5. Formulations were subjected for study of effect of intensity of agitation at different rpm (50 and 150) and electrolyte (NaCl and CaCl2), and formulation showed relative effect on release of drug from formulation. All the formulations were subjected to stability studies for three months all formulation showed stability with respect to release pattern.
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Singh, Sudarshan, et Sunil B. Bothara. « Development of Oral Mucoadhesive Tablets of Losartan Potassium using Natural Gum from Manilkara Zapota Seeds ». International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 6, no 4 (31 décembre 2013) : 2245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2013.6.4.7.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present investigation reports the isolation of mucilage from Manilkara zapota seeds as per AOAC guideline and evaluating it as mucoadhesive agent. Manilkara zapota (Linn.) P. Royen syn. a small tree belonging to family sapotaceae. Physiochemical characteristics of mucilage, such as swelling index, microbial count, viscosity, hydration capacity, flow property, and pH were studied. The mucilage was evaluated for its mucoadhesive properties in compressed tablet, using losartan potassium as model drug. Granules were prepared by wet granulation process using polyvinylpirrolidone as binding agent. Mucilage was used in four different concentrations i.e. 20, 40 and 60 % w/w. The tablet were prepared and evaluated for its physical property. Further in vitro dissolution and swelling index was determined. The property of bioadhesive strength of isolated mucilage was compared with guar gum and HPMC E5LV, which was used as standard mucoadhesive agent concentration. Bioadhesive strength of the tablet was measured on the modified physical balance. Result revealed that mucilage had good micromeritcs properties and prepared tablets showed good physical properties, further drug release was retarded as concentration of mucilage was increased. The force of adhesion was obtained 0.2337N, 0.4664N, 0.6210N, 0.8679N and 0.3983N respectively for F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5. Formulations were subjected for study of effect of intensity of agitation at different rpm and electrolyte, formulation showed relative effect on release of drug from formulation. All the formulations were subjected to stability studies for three months all formulation showed stability with respect to release pattern. It is concluded that the seed mucilage of Manilkara zapota can be used as a mucoadhesive excipient in oral mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
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Sukovatykh, B. S., A. Y. Grigoryan, A. I. Bezhin, T. A. Pankrusheva, Yu Yu Blinkov, A. S. Gorohova et S. I. Tiganov. « Efficacy of Immobilized Prolonged Ammonium Antiseptics in Treatment of Purulent Wounds ». Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 10, no 4 (31 décembre 2017) : 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2017-10-4-269-276.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Relevance. Purulent complications occur in 35-45% of patients with surgical diseases, lethality rate from these conditions achieves 25%.
The purpose of the study. To investigate the wound process while treating the purulent wounds with immobilized forms of miramistin and benzalkonium chloride in gel of sodium salt of carboxymetylcellulose.
Materials and methods. There were analysed results of experimental study of the wound process on 108 male Wistar rats. Experimental animals were divided into 3 groups, each group included 36 rats. In a comparison group ‘Levomekol’ ointment was used for treatment. In the first experimental group treatment was done by the ointment with the following composition: 0,01% solution of miramistin — 100 g, metronidazol –1,0 g, sodium salt of carboxymetylcellulose — 4,0 g, while in the second experimental group ointment composition included benzalkonium chloride 0,02 g, metronidazol — 1,0 g, sodium salt of carboxymetylcellulose — 4,0 g, purified water — up to 100,0 g. The wound process was evaluated by planimetric, microbiological and histological methods of investigation.
Results and its discussion. The reduction of wound area in the first experimental group was higher than in a comparison group on the 3rd day of the experiment by 9,7%, on the 5th day — by 7,6%, on the 10th and 15th days — by 10,5%, while in the second experimental group the change was 37,2%, 27,3%, 13,8% and 6,9% respectively. In the first experimental group microbial contamination of the wound was less than in a comparison group by 5,8х106, on the 5th day — by 3,1х105, on the 10th day — by 6,1х104, while in the second experimental group on the 3rd day there were no differences, on the 5th day — by 6,3х105, on the 10th day — 1,1х104. Histological investigations of the wound biopsies on the 10th day of experiment showed that in a comparison group the bottom of the wound was covered by granulation tissue without signs of epithelization, there was full coverage of the wound with a newly formed epithelium in experimental groups.
Conclusions. The use of prolonged quaternary ammonium antiseptics in treatment of purulent wounds is pathogenetically justified and efficient.
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Alminderej, Fahad, Sana Bakari, Tariq I. Almundarij, Mejdi Snoussi, Kaïss Aouadi et Adel Kadri. « Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Potential of a New Chemotype from Piper cubeba L. Essential Oil and In Silico Study on S. aureus tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase Protein ». Plants 10, no 2 (22 janvier 2021) : 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020205.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Piper cubeba is an important plant commonly known as cubeb or Java pepper, and it is cultivated for its fruit and essential oils, largely used to treat various diseases. Up to today, there was no scientific report on wound healing activity. Thus, this study was initiated to evaluate for the first time the antimicrobial activity and wound healing potential of a new chemotype from Piper cubeba essential oil (PCEO) from fruits. Thirteen microbial strains have been selected to investigate the antimicrobial potential of PCEO. For the evaluation of the wound healing potential, sixteen rats were excised on the dorsal back and divided into four groups. The effect of PCEO on the malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the healed wound area of rats and the biochemical parameters and skin histological analysis were also assessed. Results: Data showed that PCEO exhibited a powerful antimicrobial potential especially against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the topical application of PCEO cream appears to increase the SOD level, wound healing and contraction but reduced the MDA amount suggesting an impressive and a rapid cutaneous healing power. Additionally, histopathological analysis of the granulation tissue revealed that the derma is properly restored and arranged after treatment with PCEO. The docking analysis of PCEO constituents against S. aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme showed binding energies values in the range of −7.2 to −4.8 kcal/mol. In conclusion, the topic use of PCEO healing cream showed significant effect in accelerating the healing process, which may be attributed to the synergetic effect of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of PCEO volatile constituents, making it a relevant therapeutic agent for the management of wounds and therefore confirming the popular traditional uses of this plant.
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Sukmadi, R. Bambang, Agus Supriyo, Bedah Rupaedah, Farida Rosana Mira, Yenni Bakhtiar, Asep Ali et Mahmud Sugianto. « KAJIAN PROSES PRODUKSI PUPUK HAYATI BIO-SRF DAN PENGUJIAN EFEKTIVITASNYA PADA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH ». Jurnal Bioteknologi & ; Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) 3, no 1 (16 septembre 2016) : 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v3i1.46.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study aimed to assess the production process of biofertilizer Bio-SRF and determine its effectiveness on the growth and productivity of shallot plants. The Study of biofertilizer Bio-SRF production covering the cultivation of microbial cell biomass, granulation, and formulation of biofertilizer products. Testing the effectiveness of biofertilizers on shallot plants using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replicates, involving nine biofertilizers treatments and one control. The results showed that the population of cells on the granulated biofertilizer Bio-SRF was Corynebacterium sp. 4 x 107 cfu/g, Lactobacillus sp. 3.8 x 107 cfu/g, Burkholderia seminalis 7.4 x 108 cfu/g, Pseudomonas stutzeri 4.5 x 108 cfu/g and 60 mycorrhizal spores/g products. The effectiveness test showed that the biofertilizer treatments significantly affected plant height, the number of bulbs, weight of wet and dried bulbs produced. Application of biofertilizer Bio-SRF on shallot plants gave the best results of plant height 34.80 cm at harvest time, the number of bulbs per plant 4.78 bulb, weight of wet bulbs 3,81 kg/m2, weight of dried bulbs 3,27 kg/m2 and increased the yield of shallot production by 55.71% compared with no biofertilizer application.Keywords: Biofertilizer, Bio-SRF, production process, effectivity test, shallot plant ABSTRAKBio-SRF merupakan formula produk pupuk hayati yang mengandung campuran beberapa jenis mikroba penyubur tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji proses produksi pupuk hayati Bio-SRF dan mengetahui efektivitasnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman bawang merah. Kajian produksi pupuk hayati Bio-SRF meliputi perbanyakan biomassa sel mikroba, granulasi dan formulasi produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi sel pada produk pupuk hayati Bio-SRF bentuk granul adalah Corynebacterium sp. 4 x 107 cfu/g, Lactobacillus sp. 3,8 x 107 cfu/g, Burkholderia seminalis 7,4 x 108 cfu/g, Pseudomonas stutzeri 4,5 x 108 cfu/g dan mikoriza 60 spora/g produk. Hasil uji efektivitas menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pupuk hayati berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah umbi, bobot basah dan bobot kering umbi bawang merah yang dihasilkan. Aplikasi pupuk hayati Bio-SRF pada tanaman bawang merah memberikan hasil terbaik yaitu dengan tinggi tanaman saat panen 34,80 cm, jumlah umbi per tanaman 4,78 umbi, berat basah umbi 3,81 kg/m2, berat kering umbi 3,27 kg/m2 dan dapat meningkatkan hasil produksi bawang merah sebesar 55,71% dibandingkan dengan tanpa aplikasi pupuk hayati.Kata kunci: Pupuk hayati, Bio-SRF, proses produksi, uji efektivitas, bawang merah
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Peng, Jianfeng, Yonghui Song, Peng Yuan et Ran Liu. « Re-activation and succession of functional microbial communities during long-term storing sludge granulation ». Environmental Earth Sciences 73, no 9 (22 mars 2015) : 5037–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4296-8.
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Chan, Siew Herng, Muhammad Hafiz Ismail, Chuan Hao Tan, Scott A. Rice et Diane McDougald. « Microbial predation accelerates granulation and modulates microbial community composition ». BMC Microbiology 21, no 1 (27 mars 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-021-02156-8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Background Bacterial communities are responsible for biological nutrient removal and flocculation in engineered systems such as activated floccular sludge. Predators such as bacteriophage and protozoa exert significant predation pressure and cause bacterial mortality within these communities. However, the roles of bacteriophage and protozoan predation in impacting granulation process remain limited. Recent studies hypothesised that protozoa, particularly sessile ciliates, could have an important role in granulation as these ciliates were often observed in high abundance on surfaces of granules. Bacteriophages were hypothesized to contribute to granular stability through bacteriophage-mediated extracellular DNA release by lysing bacterial cells. This current study investigated the bacteriophage and protozoan communities throughout the granulation process. In addition, the importance of protozoan predation during granulation was also determined through chemical killing of protozoa in the floccular sludge. Results Four independent bioreactors seeded with activated floccular sludge were operated for aerobic granulation for 11 weeks. Changes in the phage, protozoa and bacterial communities were characterized throughout the granulation process. The filamentous phage, Inoviridae, increased in abundance at the initiation phase of granulation. However, the abundance shifted towards lytic phages during the maturation phase. In contrast, the abundance and diversity of protozoa decreased initially, possibly due to the reduction in settling time and subsequent washout. Upon the formation of granules, ciliated protozoa from the class Oligohymenophorea were the dominant group of protozoa based on metacommunity analysis. These protozoa had a strong, positive-correlation with the initial formation of compact aggregates prior to granule development. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of these ciliates in the floccular sludge delayed the initiation of granule formation. Analysis of the bacterial communities in the thiram treated sludge demonstrated that the recovery of ‘Candidatus Accumulibacter’ was positively correlated with the formation of compact aggregates and granules. Conclusion Predation by bacteriophage and protozoa were positively correlated with the formation of aerobic granules. Increases in Inoviridae abundance suggested that filamentous phages may promote the structural formation of granules. Initiation of granules formation was delayed due to an absence of protozoa after chemical treatment. The presence of ‘Candidatus Accumulibacter’ was necessary for the formation of granules in the absence of protozoa.
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Ma, Haijun, Sijia Ma, Haidong Hu, Lili Ding et Hongqiang Ren. « The biological role of N-acyl-homoserine lactone-based quorum sensing (QS) in EPS production and microbial community assembly during anaerobic granulation process ». Scientific Reports 8, no 1 (25 octobre 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34183-3.
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Kalangi, Sonny J. R. « KHASIAT MADU PADA PENYEMBUHAN LUKA KULIT ». JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM) 4, no 3 (4 février 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/jbm.4.3.2012.796.
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Abstract: The topical application of honey on a wound is effective in controlling the wound healing process and results in clean granulation tissues in the wound base. Honey acts as a hyperosmolar medium and prevents microbial growth. Besides that, honey has a high viscosity that forms a physical barrier and cretaes a wet environmet which is very effective in accelerating wound healing. Nutrients in honey increase the supply of local substances that might be useful in reepithelization. In addition, honey contains a catalase enzyme that can influence wound healing.Keywords: honey, wound healingAbstrak: Pemberian madu topikal efektif dalam mengontrol dan menghasilkan dasar luka bergranulasi bersih. Madu bekerja terutama sebagai medium hiperosmolar dan mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri. Madu juga memiliki viskositas tinggi yang membentuk sawar fisik dan menciptakan lingkungan basah; sifat tersebut yang membantu dan mempercepat penyembuhan luka. Kandungan bahan makanan dari madu menambah pasokan bahan lokal yang mungkin membantu mempercepat reepitelisasi. Disamping itu, madu mengandung enzim katalase yang juga mempengaruhi proses penyembuhan luka.Kata kunci: madu, penyembuhan luka
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Ibrahim, Ahmed, Mahmoud Soliman, Saber Kotb et Magda M. Ali. « Evaluation of fish skin as a biological dressing for metacarpal wounds in donkeys ». BMC Veterinary Research 16, no 1 (décembre 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02693-w.
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Abstract Background The use of biological dressings has recently emerged in the management of burns and wounds. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Nile tilapia skin as a biological dressing for full-thickness cutaneous metacarpal wounds in donkeys. The study was conducted on nine clinically healthy donkeys (n = 9). Here, fish skin dressings were obtained from fresh Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus and sterilized by immersion in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) solution for 5 min, with no change in collagen content. Bilateral, circular full-thickness excisional skin wounds (2 cm in diameter) were created on the dorsal aspect of the mid-metacarpals of each donkey. Wounds on the right metacarpals (treated wounds, n = 9) were dressed with sterile fish skins, while wounds on the left metacarpals (control wounds, n = 9) were dressed with sterile non-adherent dressing pads without any topical applications. Wound dressings were changed weekly. Wounds were evaluated microbiologically, grossly, and histologically on days 7, 14, and 21 post-wound inductions. Results Fish skin-dressed wounds showed a significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in microbial counts (Total viable bacterial count, Staphylococcal count, and Coliform count), a significant (P < 0.0001) decrease in the wound size, and a significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in the epithelial gap compared to the untreated wounds. No frequent dressing changes were needed. Conclusions Fish skin dressing accelerated the wound healing process and efficiently inhibited the local microbial activity and exuberant granulation tissue formation suggesting its reliable and promising application for metacarpal wounds of donkeys.
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WI, Abdel-Fattah, et El-Bassyouni GT. « Medicinal Functions of Physalis Fruits for Biomedical Applications ». Austin Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 9, no 2 (24 mai 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1135.
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Drug innovation using natural products is an interesting mission for planning new leads. It describes the bioactive compounds resulting from natural resources, characterization and pharmacological examination. It emphases on the triumph of these resources in the process of finding and realizing new and effective drug compounds that can be beneficial for human resources. For medicinal devotions and for the progress of pharmaceutical substances, medicinal plants were used such as Physalis angulata L which is a medicinal plant used for numerous therapies including wound healing (Figure 1) [1]. Figure 1: Physalis angulata L Fruits within its cover [16]. Physalis peruviana (golden berry) is an herbaceous annual plant belongs to the family Solanaceae [2]. This plant has a tremendous medicinal value for curing out different diseases: cancer, leukemia, diabetes, ulcers, malaria, asthma, hepatitis, dermatitis, rheumatism and several other diseases [3]. The golden berry fruit tastes like a sweet tomato and includes high levels of vitamin C, vitamin A and the vitamin B-complex. The fruit was demonstrated to have both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [4,5]. Herbal specialists and local people of several countries have used many extracts of medicinal plants to achieve and treat various diseases comprising wound healing [6]. Physalis with its notable benefits related to high nutrients and bioactive compounds with extraordinary antioxidant activity and other several medicinal properties have been ascribed to these compounds [7,8]. The bioactive compounds are formed as primary and secondary metabolites of the fruits. These compounds are biologically active with cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, fungicidal, insecticidal, tranquilizing, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and contraceptive actions, among others. Such compounds are used for several dedications, such as in medical therapy, to cure diseases, in the cosmetics, and in the food industry as antioxidants or flavorings [9]. Wounds are well-defined as a break in the cellular integrity of the anatomic continuousness of a tissue generally because of a chemical, microbial, physical or thermal injury [10]. Recently, wounds have become a very exciting pathological problem. Abdul-Nasir-Deen et al., explored the anti- inflammatory and wound healing properties of methanol leaf extract of Physalis angulata L [11]. They indicated that such extract possesses anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity which may justify its medicinal uses in the treatment of wounds. The PAL formulated cream at several concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10% w/v verified wound healing properties with obvious angiogenesis, collagenation and re-epithelization distinctive of fibrous tissue formation in wound bed [12] as presented in Figure 2. Figure 2: Therapeutic effect of methanol leaf extract of Physalis angulata on carrageenan- induced oedema in rats. A) Time-course curve; B) Area under the curve of carrageenan induced oedema, Saline: Normal Saline Control group, Aspirin: Aspirin-treated group, PAL: methanol leaf extract of Physalis angulate. Values are mean ± SEM (n=5). Nsp >0.05; *p< 0.05; **p< 0.01; ***p<0.001; yyp< 0.001; yyyp< 0.0001. Compared with normal saline control [11]. Moreover, the methanol leaf extracts of Physalis angulate with the existence of secondary metabolites including flavonoids and tannins justify the biological and pharmacological achieved activities (Figure 3). Figure 3: Histological images (x 400) showing influence of PAL on excised wound tissues from both treated and untreated wound tissues. A) Untreated wound tissues; B) Vehicle treated (aqueous cream only) wound tissues; C) 1% w/w silver sulphadiazine- treated wound tissues; D) 10% w/w PAL-treated wound tissues; E) 5% w/w PAL- treated wound tissues; F) 2.5% w/w PALtreated wound; G) 1.25% w/w PAL-treated wound; DNGT: Diffuse Necrotic Granulation Tissue; MDGT: Moderate Diffuse Granulation Tissue; HF: Hair Follicle; DF: Dense Fibrous Tissue; ASCKE: Atrophic Squamous Cell Keratinized Epithelium; SGT: Reduced Granulation Tissue; SeG: Sebaceous Gland; SwG: Sweat Gland [11]. To formulate a porous carbon material that had an abundance of surface functional groups and a huge specific surface area; Physalis alkekengi L. husk (PH) was used for the first time as a carbon source from PH and designated as porous carbon Physalis alkekengi L. husk (PCPH) by Zhang et al., [13]. The experimental results demonstrate that (PCPH) prepared from PH has good adsorption performance for Malachite Green (MG). MG was used as a model dye for evaluating the adsorption performance of PCPH. Zhang et al concluded that PCPH has excellent application potential in the treatment of environmental water pollution. Therefore, the preparation of PCPH with high adsorption performance has upright scenarios treatment of wastewater from printing and dye industries, and similarly affords a hypothetical basis for the inclusive use of shell-based agricultural waste [14]. The possible adsorption mechanisms of PCPH for MG are anticipated; which comprises H-bond interaction, pore filling, p-p interaction, and electrostatic attraction (Figure 4) [15]. Figure 4: The adsorption mechanism diagram of PCPH to MG [13]. Recently, Zimmer et al., concluded that the extracts of the Physalis fruit have functional properties of great importance, being a source of phenolic compounds possessing antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor activities [8]. The pulp and seed extracts displayed moderately active inhibition halos in the existence of Gram-positive bacteria. Both pulp and seeds extracts were talented to reduce the cell viability percentage. The pulp (P) and seed (S) hydroalcoholic extracts of Physalis pubescens showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. The pulp (P) and seed (S) extracts showed moderate anti-tumor activity against the rat glioblastoma cell line (C6) and murine melanoma cell line (B16F10) (Figure 5). Figure 5: Viability graphs of cells of murine melanoma lineage (B16F10) exposed to different concentration s for 48h and 72h of hydroalcoholic extracts of pulp (P) and seed (S). *The greater the number of asterisks, the higher the significance [8].