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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Microgravity Science and Applications Program »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 25 juillet 2024

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

Pala, Renzo, Sara Cruciani, Alessia Manca, et al. "Mesenchymal Stem Cell Behavior under Microgravity: From Stress Response to a Premature Senescence." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9 (2023): 7753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097753.

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Mesenchymal stem cells are undifferentiated cells able to acquire different phenotypes under specific stimuli. Wharton’s jelly is a tissue in the umbilical cord that contains mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with a high plasticity and differentiation potential. Their regeneration capability is compromised by cell damage and aging. The main cause of cell damage is oxidative stress coming from an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant species. Microgravity represents a stressing condition able to induce ROS production, ultimately leading to different subcellular compartment damages. Here, we

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Pietronigro, Frank. "Research Project Number 33: Investigating the Creative Process in a Microgravity Environment." Leonardo 33, no. 3 (2000): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409400552469.

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The author, an interdiscipli-nary artist, discusses his creation of art in a microgravity environ-ment as part of the 1998 NASA Student Reduced Gravity Flight Program. He discusses his three-dimensional “drift paintings” which floated in the air along with his body in microgravity. The au-thor posits that the transcendent quality of the creative process can help keep the human spirit alive during long-term space missions.

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Kicza, Mary E., and Robert C. Rhome. "Long-range national and international planning for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Microgravity Science and Applications Program." Advances in Space Research 13, no. 7 (1993): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(93)90349-g.

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CACCIAPUOTI, LUIGI, and OLIVIER MINSTER. "FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS ACTIVITIES IN THE HME DIRECTORATE OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no. 12a (2007): 1957–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271807011255.

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The Human Spaceflight, Microgravity, and Exploration (HME) Directorate of the European Space Agency is strongly involved in fundamental physics research. One of the major activities in this field is represented by the ACES (Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space) mission. ACES will demonstrate the high performances of a new generation of atomic clocks in the microgravity environment of the International Space Station (ISS). Following ACES, a vigorous research program has been recently approved to develop a second generation of atomic quantum sensors for space applications: atomic clocks in the optical

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S, P. SRINIVAS NAYAK, Ahamadi Anjum, Ambereen Ayesha, Ashfaq Hussain Mohammed, and Koneru Anupama. "PHARMACOKINETIC CHANGES AND PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN SPACE ASTRONAUT." WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE HEALTHCARE RESEARCH 5, no. 3 (2021): 164–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5457766.

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Space Pharmacology is the study of use of pharmaceutical drugs during spaceflights Space flight can alter administered drug act on the body. Space medicine is fundamental to the human exploration of space. It supports survival, function and performance in this challenging and potentially lethal environment. It is international, intercultural and interdisciplinary, operating at the boundaries of exploration, science, technology and medicine. This review introduces the field of space pharmacology and describes the different types of environmental challenges, associated medical and physiological

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Izzo, Luigi Gennaro, and Giovanna Aronne. "Root Tropisms: New Insights Leading the Growth Direction of the Hidden Half." Plants 10, no. 2 (2021): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020220.

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Tropisms are essential responses of plants, orienting growth according to a wide range of stimuli. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to root tropisms, not only to improve cultivation systems, such as those developed for plant-based life support systems for future space programs, but also to increase the efficiency of root apparatus in water and nutrient uptake in crops on Earth. To date, the Cholodny–Went theory of differential auxin distribution remains the principal tropistic mechanism, but recent findings suggest that it is not generally applicable to all root tropisms, and new

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Komarova, Margarita Y., Sergey V. Rozhkov, Oksana A. Ivanova, et al. "Cultured Myoblasts Derived from Rat Soleus Muscle Show Altered Regulation of Proliferation and Myogenesis during the Course of Mechanical Unloading." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16 (2022): 9150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169150.

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The structure and function of soleus muscle fibers undergo substantial remodeling under real or simulated microgravity conditions. However, unloading-induced changes in the functional activity of skeletal muscle primary myoblasts remain poorly studied. The purpose of our study was to investigate how short-term and long-term mechanical unloading would affect cultured myoblasts derived from rat soleus muscle. Mechanical unloading was simulated by rat hindlimb suspension model (HS). Myoblasts were purified from rat soleus at basal conditions and after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of HS. Myoblasts were ex

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Hunter, Steve L., Charles Dischinger, and Samantha Estes. "Three-Dimensional Simulation: Microgravity Environments and Applications." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 39, no. 2 (2002): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.3819.

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Diaz Palacios, Fabio, Guillermo Sahonero Alvarez, Gabriel Rojas, Miguel Clavijo, Jhon Ordoñez, and Khalil Nallar. "Exploring Microgravity Liquid Printing Based on Resin Solidification for Outer Space Applications." Key Engineering Materials 956 (September 29, 2023): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-xtb4yz.

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Space traveling, extra-planetary exploration and even colonization requires to replicate our capabilities of manufacturing under non-entirely known environments and conditions. With the recent, yet always present, interest on colonizing spaces like the Moon or even Mars, space-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been considered for enabling space inhabitants to build their own tools. However, the same manufacturing techniques that are commonly used on Earth are not entirely applicable in space, especially during the considerably long traveling stage. Thus, several works have reported the stu

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Sabbatini, Maurizio, Valentina Bonetto, Valeria Magnelli, Candida Lorusso, Francesco Dondero, and Maria Angela Masini. "Microgravity as an Anti-Metastatic Agent in an In Vitro Glioma Model." Biophysica 3, no. 4 (2023): 636–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biophysica3040043.

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Gravity is a primary physical force that has a profound influence on the stability of the cell cytoskeleton. In our research, we investigated the influence of microgravity on altering the cytoskeletal pathways of glioblastoma cells. The highly infiltrative behavior of glioblastoma is supported by cytoskeletal dynamics and surface proteins that allow glioblastoma cells to avoid stable connections with the tissue environment and other cells. Glioblastoma cell line C6 was exposed to a microgravity environment for 24, 48, and 72 h by 3D-RPM, a laboratory instrument recognized to reproduce the effe

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Wilson, William W., and Lawrence J. DeLucas. "Applications of the second virial coefficient: protein crystallization and solubility." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 70, no. 5 (2014): 543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x1400867x.

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This article begins by highlighting some of the ground-based studies emanating from NASA's Microgravity Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) program. This is followed by a more detailed discussion of the history of and the progress made in one of the NASA-funded PCG investigations involving the use of measured second virial coefficients (Bvalues) as a diagnostic indicator of solution conditions conducive to protein crystallization. A second application of measuredBvalues involves the determination of solution conditions that improve or maximize the solubility of aqueous and membrane proteins. These tw

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Eppelbaum, Lev V. "Review of Environmental and Geological Microgravity Applications and Feasibility of Its Employment at Archaeological Sites in Israel." International Journal of Geophysics 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/927080.

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Microgravity investigations are widely applied at present for solving various environmental and geological problems. Unfortunately, microgravity survey is comparatively rarely used for searching for hidden ancient targets. It is caused mainly by small geometric size of the desired archaeological objects and various types of noise complicating the observed useful signal. At the same time, development of modern generation of field gravimetric equipment allows to register promptly and digitally microGal (10-8 m/s2) anomalies that offer a new challenge in this direction. An advanced methodology of

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Ross, Byron, Oemer Akay, Alvia Mohammad-Yousuf, et al. "Synergistic Microfluidic and Optical Performance Enhancements of Photoelectrodes for Space Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 30 (2023): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01301801mtgabs.

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The realisation of long-term space missions as well as lunar habitats require reliable and efficient oxygen and chemical producing devices e.g., for life support, fuel generation and in-situ resource utilisation (ISRU). We have recently demonstrated that integrated semiconductor-electrocatalyst systems can be operated in microgravity environments generated for 9.2 s at the Bremen Drop Tower (Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity, ZARM) at terrestrial efficiencies, thus opening the possibility of utilising these photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices for chemical synthesis in space. 1

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Moura, Waldenê de Melo, Carlos Renato dos Santos, Moisés José dos Santos Freitas, Adriano Costa Pinto, Luciana Pereira Simões, and Alison Moraes. "MicroGravity Explorer Kit (MGX): An Open-Source Platform for Accessible Space Science Experiments." Aerospace 11, no. 10 (2024): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11100790.

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The study of microgravity, a condition in which an object experiences near-zero weight, is a critical area of research with far-reaching implications for various scientific disciplines. Microgravity allows scientists to investigate fundamental physical phenomena influenced by Earth’s gravitational forces, opening up new possibilities in fields such as materials science, fluid dynamics, and biology. However, the complexity and cost of developing and conducting microgravity missions have historically limited the field to well-funded space agencies, universities with dedicated government funding,

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Grodsinsky, Carlos M., and Mark S. Whorton. "Survey of Active Vibration Isolation Systems for Microgravity Applications." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 37, no. 5 (2000): 586–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.3631.

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Lee, Mark C., and John F. Newcomb. "Applying the Kano Methodology to Meet Customer Requirements: NASA's Microgravity Science Program." Quality Management Journal 4, no. 3 (1997): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10686967.1997.11918805.

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Winkelmaier, Garrett, Kosar Jabbari, Lung-Chang Chien, Peter Grabham, Bahram Parvin, and Janice Pluth. "Influence of Simulated Microgravity on Mammary Epithelial Cells Grown as 2D and 3D Cultures." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (2023): 7615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087615.

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During space travel, astronauts will experience a unique environment that includes continuous exposure to microgravity and stressful living conditions. Physiological adaptation to this is a challenge and the effect of microgravity on organ development, architecture, and function is not well understood. How microgravity may impact the growth and development of an organ is an important issue, especially as space flight becomes more commonplace. In this work, we sought to address fundamental questions regarding microgravity using mouse mammary epithelial cells in 2D and 3D tissue cultures exposed

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Gillies, Donald C. "Microscopy & Microanalytical Support for NASA's Microgravity Materials Science Programs." Microscopy Today 12, no. 5 (2004): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500056236.

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The Materials Science Program of NASA's Office of Biological and Physical Research (OB PR) has attacked futidamental problems of materials science as defined by an external advisory group, known as the Discipline Working Group (DWG). These have been:•Nucleation and Metastable States•Prediction and Gontrol of Micrestructures•Crystal Growth and Detect Generation•Phase Separation and Interfacial Phenomena•Thermophysical Properties and Process Modeling.While the program's primary objectives are science-based and despite the fact that 90% of these programs concentrate on pre-cursor and theoretical

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Yuan, Mengqin, Haizhou Liu, Shunheng Zhou, et al. "Integrative Analysis of Regulatory Module Reveals Associations of Microgravity with Dysfunctions of Multi-body Systems and Tumorigenesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 20 (2020): 7585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207585.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that microgravity could lead to health risks. The investigation of the molecular mechanisms from the aspect of systems biology has not been performed yet. Here, we integratively analyzed transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations based on gene and miRNA expression profiles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in modeled microgravity. Two hundred and thirty dysregulated TF-miRNA (transcription factor and microRNA) feed-forward loops (FFLs) were identified in microgravity. The immune, cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous and skeletal system su

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Neelam, Srujana, Brian Richardson, Richard Barker, et al. "Changes in Nuclear Shape and Gene Expression in Response to Simulated Microgravity Are LINC Complex-Dependent." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (2020): 6762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186762.

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Microgravity is known to affect the organization of the cytoskeleton, cell and nuclear morphology and to elicit differential expression of genes associated with the cytoskeleton, focal adhesions and the extracellular matrix. Although the nucleus is mechanically connected to the cytoskeleton through the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, the role of this group of proteins in these responses to microgravity has yet to be defined. In our study, we used a simulated microgravity device, a 3-D clinostat (Gravite), to investigate whether the LINC complex mediates cellular respo

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Chen, Zhihao, Yan Zhang, Fan Zhao та ін. "Recombinant Irisin Prevents the Reduction of Osteoblast Differentiation Induced by Stimulated Microgravity through Increasing β-Catenin Expression". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, № 4 (2020): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041259.

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Background: Irisin, a novel exercise-induced myokine, was shown to mediate beneficial effects of exercise in osteoporosis. Microgravity is a major threat to bone homeostasis of astronauts during long-term spaceflight, which results in decreased bone formation. Methods: The hind-limb unloading mice model and a random position machine are respectively used to simulate microgravity in vivo and in vitro. Results: We demonstrate that not only are bone formation and osteoblast differentiation decreased, but the expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (Fdnc5; irisin precursor) is also

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Morabito, Caterina, Simone Guarnieri, Alessandra Cucina, Mariano Bizzarri, and Maria A. Mariggiò. "Antioxidant Strategy to Prevent Simulated Microgravity-Induced Effects on Bone Osteoblasts." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 10 (2020): 3638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103638.

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The effects induced by microgravity on human body functions have been widely described, in particular those on skeletal muscle and bone tissues. This study aims to implement information on the possible countermeasures necessary to neutralize the oxidative imbalance induced by microgravity on osteoblastic cells. Using the model of murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells, cellular morphology, proliferation, and metabolism were investigated during exposure to simulated microgravity on a random positioning machine in the absence or presence of an antioxidant—the 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-car

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Fairlie, R., and J. F. Griffiths. "Oscillatory combustion in closed vessels under microgravity." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 36, no. 3 (2002): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7177(02)00123-1.

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Cazzaniga, Alessandra, Fabian Ille, Simon Wuest, et al. "Scalable Microgravity Simulator Used for Long-Term Musculoskeletal Cells and Tissue Engineering." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (2020): 8908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238908.

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We introduce a new benchtop microgravity simulator (MGS) that is scalable and easy to use. Its working principle is similar to that of random positioning machines (RPM), commonly used in research laboratories and regarded as one of the gold standards for simulating microgravity. The improvement of the MGS concerns mainly the algorithms controlling the movements of the samples and the design that, for the first time, guarantees equal treatment of all the culture flasks undergoing simulated microgravity. Qualification and validation tests of the new device were conducted with human bone marrow s

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Wilfinger, William W., Carol S. Baker, Elaine L. Kunze, Allen T. Phillips, and Roy H. Hammerstedt. "Versatile Fluid-Mixing Device for Cell and Tissue Microgravity Research Applications." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 33, no. 1 (1996): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.55717.

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Yim, Jaewoo, Sung Won Cho, Beomhee Kim, Sungwoo Park, Yong Hee Han, and Sang Woo Seo. "Transcriptional Profiling of the Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Strain under Simulated Microgravity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8 (2020): 2666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082666.

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Long-term space missions affect the gut microbiome of astronauts, especially the viability of some pathogens. Probiotics may be an effective solution for the management of gut microbiomes, but there is a lack of studies regarding the physiology of probiotics in microgravity. Here, we investigated the effects of microgravity on the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) by comparing transcriptomic data during exponential and stationary growth phases under simulated microgravity and normal gravity. Microgravity conditions affected several physiological features of EcN, including its growth

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Li, Wang, Xinyu Shu, Xiaoyu Zhang, et al. "Potential Roles of YAP/TAZ Mechanotransduction in Spaceflight-Induced Liver Dysfunction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (2023): 2197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032197.

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Microgravity exposure during spaceflight causes the disordered regulation of liver function, presenting a specialized mechano-biological coupling process. While YAP/TAZ serves as a typical mechanosensitive pathway involved in hepatocyte metabolism, it remains unclear whether and how it is correlated with microgravity-induced liver dysfunction. Here, we discussed liver function alterations induced by spaceflight or simulated effects of microgravity on Earth. The roles of YAP/TAZ serving as a potential bridge in connecting liver metabolism with microgravity were specifically summarized. Existing

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Simon, Ágota, Adriana Smarandache, Vicentiu Iancu, and Mihail Lucian Pascu. "Stability of Antimicrobial Drug Molecules in Different Gravitational and Radiation Conditions in View of Applications during Outer Space Missions." Molecules 26, no. 8 (2021): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082221.

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The evolution of different antimicrobial drugs in terrestrial, microgravity and hypergravity conditions is presented within this review, in connection with their implementation during human space exploration. Drug stability is of utmost importance for applications in outer space. Instabilities may be radiation-induced or micro-/hypergravity produced. The antimicrobial agents used in space may have diminished effects not only due to the microgravity-induced weakened immune response of astronauts, but also due to the gravity and radiation-altered pathogens. In this context, the paper provides sc

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Dietz, Carlo, Manfred Infanger, Alexander Romswinkel, Florian Strube, and Armin Kraus. "Apoptosis Induction and Alteration of Cell Adherence in Human Lung Cancer Cells under Simulated Microgravity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 14 (2019): 3601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20143601.

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Background: Lung cancer cells are known to change proliferation and migration under simulated microgravity. In this study, we sought to evaluate cell adherence, apoptosis, cytoskeleton arrangement, and gene expression under simulated microgravity. Methods: Human lung cancer cells were exposed to simulated microgravity in a random-positioning machine (RPM). Cell morphology and adherence were observed under phase-contrast microscopy, cytoskeleton staining was performed, apoptosis rate was determined, and changes in gene and protein expression were detected by real-time PCR with western blot conf

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Thiel, Cora S., Christian Vahlensieck, Timothy Bradley, Svantje Tauber, Martin Lehmann, and Oliver Ullrich. "Metabolic Dynamics in Short- and Long-Term Microgravity in Human Primary Macrophages." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (2021): 6752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136752.

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Microgravity acts on cellular systems on several levels. Cells of the immune system especially react rapidly to changes in gravity. In this study, we performed a correlative metabolomics analysis on short-term and long-term microgravity effects on primary human macrophages. We could detect an increased amino acid concentration after five minutes of altered gravity, that was inverted after 11 days of microgravity. The amino acids that reacted the most to changes in gravity were tightly clustered. The observed effects indicated protein degradation processes in microgravity. Further, glucogenic a

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Grimm, Daniela. "Microgravity and Space Medicine." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (2021): 6697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136697.

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Bauer, Johann. "Microgravity and Cell Adherence." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6 (2020): 2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062214.

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Zhao, Zanyan, Xiangpu Wang, Yu Ma, and Xiaohong Duan. "Atp6v1h Deficiency Blocks Bone Loss in Simulated Microgravity Mice through the Fos-Jun-Src-Integrin Pathway." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 1 (2024): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010637.

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The microgravity conditions in outer space are widely acknowledged to induce significant bone loss. Recent studies have implicated the close relationship between Atp6v1h gene and bone loss. Despite this, the role of Atp6v1h in bone remodeling and its molecular mechanisms in microgravity have not been fully elucidated. To address this, we used a mouse tail suspension model to simulate microgravity. We categorized both wild-type and Atp6v1h knockout (Atp6v1h+/-) mice into two groups: regular feeding and tail-suspension feeding, ensuring uniform feeding conditions across all cohorts. Analysis via

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Johnson, Ian R. D., Catherine T. Nguyen, Petra Wise, and Daniela Grimm. "Implications of Altered Endosome and Lysosome Biology in Space Environments." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (2020): 8205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218205.

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Space exploration poses multiple challenges for mankind, not only on a technical level but also to the entire physiology of the space traveller. The human system must adapt to several environmental stressors, microgravity being one of them. Lysosomes are ubiquitous to every cell and essential for their homeostasis, playing significant roles in the regulation of autophagy, immunity, and adaptation of the organism to changes in their environment, to name a few. Dysfunction of the lysosomal system leads to age-related diseases, for example bone loss, reduced immune response or cancer. As these co

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Calcagno, Gaetano, Jeremy Jeandel, Jean-Pol Frippiat та Sandra Kaminski. "Simulated Microgravity Disrupts Nuclear Factor κB Signaling and Impairs Murine Dendritic Cell Phenotype and Function". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, № 2 (2023): 1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021720.

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During spaceflights, astronauts face different forms of stress (e.g., socio-environmental and gravity stresses) that impact physiological functions and particularly the immune system. In this context, little is known about the effect of such stress on dendritic cells (DCs). First, we showed that hypergravity, but not chronic ultra-mild stress, a socio-environmental stress, induced a less mature phenotype characterized by a decreased expression of MHCII and co-stimulatory molecules. Next, using the random positioning machine (RPM), we studied the direct effects of simulated microgravity on eith

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Herrera-Jordan, Katherinne, Pamela Pennington, and Luis Zea. "Reduced Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cell Size Observed on Planktonic Cultures Grown in the International Space Station." Microorganisms 12, no. 2 (2024): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020393.

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Bacterial growth and behavior have been studied in microgravity in the past, but little focus has been directed to cell size despite its impact on a myriad of processes, including biofilm formation, which is impactful regarding crew health. To interrogate this characteristic, supernatant aliquots of P. aeruginosa cultured on different materials and media on board the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Space Biofilms Project were analyzed. For that experiment, P. aeruginosa was grown in microgravity—with matching Earth controls—in modified artificial urine medium (mAUMg-high Pi) o

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Ullrich, Oliver, Christian Paul Casal, Natalie Dové, et al. "Swiss Parabolic Flights: Development of a Non-Governmental Parabolic Flight Program in Switzerland Based on the Airbus A310 ZERO-G." Aerospace 10, no. 10 (2023): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10100860.

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Parabolic flights are one of the most important pillars for research, development, and applications in space. Accordingly, we developed the world’s first non-governmental parabolic flight program using Novespace’s Airbus A310 ZERO-G. Through the flexible combination of academic research with industrial experiments, as well as with the support of private persons and low administrative efforts, we achieved a highly cost-efficient small-scale campaign concept, which is located at the Air Base Dübendorf in Switzerland. The program was very successful, and it resulted in 31 experiments and tests co

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Manis, Cristina, Alessia Manca, Antonio Murgia, et al. "Understanding the Behaviour of Human Cell Types under Simulated Microgravity Conditions: The Case of Erythrocytes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 12 (2022): 6876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126876.

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Erythrocytes are highly specialized cells in human body, and their main function is to ensure the gas exchanges, O2 and CO2, within the body. The exposure to microgravity environment leads to several health risks such as those affecting red blood cells. In this work, we investigated the changes that occur in the structure and function of red blood cells under simulated microgravity, compared to terrestrial conditions, at different time points using biochemical and biophysical techniques. Erythrocytes exposed to simulated microgravity showed morphological changes, a constant increase in reactiv

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Sokolovskaya, Alisa, Ekaterina Korneeva, Danila Zaichenko, et al. "Changes in the Surface Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 3, the Induction of Apoptosis, and the Inhibition of Cell-Cycle Progression of Human Multidrug-Resistant Jurkat/A4 Cells Exposed to a Random Positioning Machine." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (2020): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030855.

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Experiments from flight- and ground-based model systems suggest that unexpected alterations of the human lymphoblastoid cell line Jurkat, as well as effects on cell growth, metabolism, and apoptosis, can occur in altered gravity conditions. Using a desktop random positioning machine (RPM), we investigated the effects of simulated microgravity on Jurkat cells and their multidrug-resistant subline, Jurkat/A4 cells. The viability of Jurkat/A4 cells decreased after simulated microgravity in contrast with the Jurkat cells. At the same time, the viability between the experimental Jurkat cells and co

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PYLYPENKO, O. V., D. E. SMOLENSKYY, O. D. NIKOLAYEV, and I. D. BASHLIY. "The approach to numerical simulation of the spatial movement of fluid with forming free gas inclusions in propellant tank at space flight conditions." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 28, no. 5 (2022): 03–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2022.05.003.

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The space propulsion systems ensure se veral start-ups and shutdowns of main liquid-propellant rocket engines under microgravity conditions for the spacecraft program movements and reorientation control. During the passive flight of the space stage (after its main engine shutdown), the liquid propellant in the tanks continues to move by inertia in microgravity away from the propellant management device as much as possible. In this case, the pressurization gas is displaced to the propellant management device, which creates the potential danger of gas entering the engine inlet in quantities unac

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Krakos (Podwin), Agnieszka, Patrycja Śniadek, Marta Jurga, et al. "Lab-on-Chip Culturing System for Fungi—Towards Nanosatellite Missions." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (2022): 10627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010627.

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In this paper, a lab-on-chip system dedicated to fungi cultivation in Earth’s gravity and simulated microgravity, being a solution that could be used in future nanosatellite missions, is shown. For the first time, a fully glass lab-on-chip structure enabling the proper environment for cultivation of fungi species—Fusarium culmorum—is presented. Apart from the biological validation of the fungi cultures with the use of the lab-on-chip system, tests were carried out under induced microgravity utilising a Rotary Wall Vessel. Correct functioning of the lab-on-chip system was obtained, enabling the

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Moreno-Villanueva, Maria, Alan Feiveson, Stephanie Krieger, et al. "Synergistic Effects of Weightlessness, Isoproterenol, and Radiation on DNA Damage Response and Cytokine Production in Immune Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (2018): 3689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113689.

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The implementation of rotating-wall vessels (RWVs) for studying the effect of lack of gravity has attracted attention, especially in the fields of stem cells, tissue regeneration, and cancer research. Immune cells incubated in RWVs exhibit several features of immunosuppression including impaired leukocyte proliferation, cytokine responses, and antibody production. Interestingly, stress hormones influence cellular immune pathways affected by microgravity, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and T cell activation. These pathways are crucial defense mechanisms that protect the cell

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Sun, Yulong, Yuanyuan Kuang, and Zhuo Zuo. "The Emerging Role of Macrophages in Immune System Dysfunction under Real and Simulated Microgravity Conditions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (2021): 2333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052333.

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In the process of exploring space, the astronaut’s body undergoes a series of physiological changes. At the level of cellular behavior, microgravity causes significant alterations, including bone loss, muscle atrophy, and cardiovascular deconditioning. At the level of gene expression, microgravity changes the expression of cytokines in many physiological processes, such as cell immunity, proliferation, and differentiation. At the level of signaling pathways, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway participates in microgravity-induced immune malfunction. However, the mecha

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Prasad, Binod, Daniela Grimm, Sebastian M. Strauch, et al. "Influence of Microgravity on Apoptosis in Cells, Tissues, and Other Systems In Vivo and In Vitro." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (2020): 9373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249373.

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All life forms have evolved under the constant force of gravity on Earth and developed ways to counterbalance acceleration load. In space, shear forces, buoyance-driven convection, and hydrostatic pressure are nullified or strongly reduced. When subjected to microgravity in space, the equilibrium between cell architecture and the external force is disturbed, resulting in changes at the cellular and sub-cellular levels (e.g., cytoskeleton, signal transduction, membrane permeability, etc.). Cosmic radiation also poses great health risks to astronauts because it has high linear energy transfer va

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ElGindi, Mei, Ibrahim Hamed Ibrahim, Jiranuwat Sapudom, Anna Garcia-Sabate, and Jeremy C. M. Teo. "Engineered Microvessel for Cell Culture in Simulated Microgravity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (2021): 6331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126331.

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As the number of manned space flights increase, studies on the effects of microgravity on the human body are becoming more important. Due to the high expense and complexity of sending samples into space, simulated microgravity platforms have become a popular way to study these effects on earth. In addition, simulated microgravity has recently drawn the attention of regenerative medicine by increasing cell differentiation capability. These platforms come with many advantages as well as limitations. A main limitation for usage of these platforms is the lack of high-throughput capability due to t

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Camberos, Victor, Jonathan Baio, Ana Mandujano, et al. "The Impact of Spaceflight and Microgravity on the Human Islet-1+ Cardiovascular Progenitor Cell Transcriptome." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (2021): 3577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073577.

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Understanding the transcriptomic impact of microgravity and the spaceflight environment is relevant for future missions in space and microgravity-based applications designed to benefit life on Earth. Here, we investigated the transcriptome of adult and neonatal cardiovascular progenitors following culture aboard the International Space Station for 30 days and compared it to the transcriptome of clonally identical cells cultured on Earth. Cardiovascular progenitors acquire a gene expression profile representative of an early-stage, dedifferentiated, stem-like state, regardless of age. Signaling

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Fedeli, Valeria, Alessandra Cucina, Simona Dinicola, et al. "Microgravity Modifies the Phenotype of Fibroblast and Promotes Remodeling of the Fibroblast–Keratinocyte Interaction in a 3D Co-Culture Model." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4 (2022): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042163.

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Microgravity impairs tissue organization and critical pathways involved in the cell–microenvironment interplay, where fibroblasts have a critical role. We exposed dermal fibroblasts to simulated microgravity by means of a Random Positioning Machine (RPM), a device that reproduces conditions of weightlessness. Molecular and structural changes were analyzed and compared to control samples growing in a normal gravity field. Simulated microgravity impairs fibroblast conversion into myofibroblast and inhibits their migratory properties. Consequently, the normal interplay between fibroblasts and ker

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Markina, Elena, Ekaterina Tyrina, Andrey Ratushnyy, Elena Andreeva, and Ludmila Buravkova. "Heterotypic Cell Culture from Mouse Bone Marrow under Simulated Microgravity: Lessons for Stromal Lineage Functions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 18 (2023): 13746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813746.

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Muscle and skeleton structures are considered most susceptible to negative factors of spaceflights, namely microgravity. Three-dimensional clinorotation is a ground-based simulation of microgravity. It provides an opportunity to elucidate the effects of microgravity at the cellular level. The extracellular matrix (ECM) content, transcriptional profiles of genes encoding ECM and remodelling molecules, and secretory profiles were investigated in a heterotypic primary culture of bone marrow cells after 14 days of 3D clinorotation. Simulated microgravity negatively affected stromal lineage cells,

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Kim, Ban-seok, Alfredo V. Alcantara, Je-Hyun Moon, et al. "Comparative Analysis of Muscle Atrophy During Spaceflight, Nutritional Deficiency and Disuse in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16 (2023): 12640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612640.

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While spaceflight is becoming more common than before, the hazards spaceflight and space microgravity pose to the human body remain relatively unexplored. Astronauts experience muscle atrophy after spaceflight, but the exact reasons for this and solutions are unknown. Here, we take advantage of the nematode C. elegans to understand the effects of space microgravity on worm body wall muscle. We found that space microgravity induces muscle atrophy in C. elegans from two independent spaceflight missions. As a comparison to spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy, we assessed the effects of acute nutri

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Grimm, Daniela. "Microgravity and Space Medicine 2.0." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8 (2022): 4456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084456.

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