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1

Mehfooz, Musferah. "Religious Freedom in Pakistan: A Case Study of Religious Minorities." Religions 12, no. 1 (2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12010051.

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The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a multi-racial and multi-religious nation, with Muslims being in the majority. Its 1973 Constitution guarantees religious freedom to all religious minorities, including Christians, Hindus, and Sikhs. This is mainly because Islam itself ensures religious freedom to the whole of humanity. Unfortunately, some Muslim clerics seem to be attempting to deny religious freedom to other faiths in Pakistan. Their opposition to the plurality of faith contradicts Islamic principles. This research paper identifies such Islamic principles and examines the undesirability of the mistreatment of religious minorities in Pakistan, focusing on the arguments for and against religious freedom in Pakistan on the one hand, and the religious rights and freedoms of non-Muslim minorities from an Islamic perspective on the other. The methodology applied in this discussion is critical analysis. The conclusion drawn is that both the Constitution of Pakistan and Islam guarantee religious freedom to the country’s religious minorities. Finally, this study suggests some practical mechanisms to reconcile the different religious groups in Pakistan.
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Lang, Graeme. "Book Review: China’s Minorities on the Move: Selected Case Studies." China Information 18, no. 3 (2004): 510–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x0401800315.

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Henrard, Kristin. "EU Law’s Half-Hearted Protection of Religious Minorities Minority Specific Rights and Freedom of Religion for All." Religions 12, no. 10 (2021): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12100830.

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This article begins with some reflections on the definition of religious minorities, their needs and rights and how this relates to the discussion about the need for minority specific rights in addition to general fundamental rights as rights for all human beings irrespective of particular identity features. Secondly, an overall account of the ambiguous relationship between religious minorities and fundamental rights is presented. The third and most extensive section zooms in on the EU and religious minorities, starting with an account of the EU’s general approach towards minorities and then turning to the protection of fundamental rights of religious minorities in/through the EU legal order. First, the EU’s engagement with minority specific rights and the extent to which these norms have been attentive to religious themes will be discussed. Second, the CJEU’s case law concerning freedom of religion and the prohibition of dis-crimination as general human rights is analysed. The conclusion then turns to the overall perspective and discusses whether the EU’s protection of religious minorities’ fundamental rights can be considered ‘half-hearted’ and, if so, to what extent. This in turn allows us to return to the overall focus of the Special Issue, namely the relationship between the freedom of religion for all and special rights for religious minorities.
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Zenner, Walter P. "Middleman Minorities in the Syrian Mosaic." Sociological Perspectives 30, no. 4 (1987): 400–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389211.

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In this article, an aspect of the “middleman minority” situation will be explored: How do individuals of different minorities interact when they are competing within a single social field. The case that will be used here is that of the competition of Christians and Jews in Late Ottoman Syria for certain positions attached to the government and for key roles in international trade. Image management in the present instance includes stigmatization of one's rivals. The implications of this case for other studies of minorities is considered.
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Peek, Monica E., Algernon Cargill, and Elbert S. Huang. "Diabetes Health Disparities." Medical Care Research and Review 64, no. 5_suppl (2007): 101S—156S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558707305409.

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Racial and ethnic minorities bear a disproportionate burden of the diabetes epidemic; they have higher prevalence rates, worse diabetes control, and higher rates of complications. This article reviews the effectiveness of health care interventions at improving health outcomes and/or reducing diabetes health disparities among racial/ethnic minorities with diabetes. Forty-two studies met inclusion criteria. On average, these health care interventions improved the quality of care for racial/ethnic minorities, improved health outcomes (such as diabetes control and reduced diabetes complications), and possibly reduced health disparities in quality of care. There is evidence supporting the use of interventions that target patients (primarily through culturally tailored programs), providers (especially through one-on-one feedback and education), and health systems (particularly with nurse case managers and nurse clinicians). More research is needed in the areas of racial/ethnic minorities other than African Americans and Latinos, health disparity reductions, long-term diabetes-related outcomes, and the sustainability of health care interventions over time.
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Ruiz Vieytez, Eduardo J. "Protecting Linguistic and Religious Minorities: Looking for Synergies among Legal Instruments." Religions 12, no. 9 (2021): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12090706.

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Language and religion are two main cultural markers of collective identities and articulating factors at play in the majority-minority game. However, from a legal and political point of view, language and religion work very differently as factors for determining minorities. This is due, on the one hand, to their different connection with public bodies and, on the other hand, to the different role played by the two identity markers, more substantive in the case of religion and more instrumental in the case of language. Different forms of protection of linguistic and religious diversity and minorities have been developed so far. The two fields of protection have evolved separately and there has hardly been any dialogue between them. This article aims to analyze whether and how the usual forms of protection of linguistic diversity and linguistic minorities can be useful for the management of religious-based diversity or minorities. In this respect, linguistic diversity management draws more inspiration from religious diversity management techniques than the reverse. Nevertheless, a number of techniques that have been applied to the linguistic diversity protection may also play a potential role for the protection of religious diversity, opening the door to further synergies among legal instruments.
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Csáji, László Koppány. "Secularism and Ethnic Minorities: Comparative Case Studies on Ethnic, Religious, and Political Cognitions in Pakistani-Controlled Kashmir, Central Russia, Romania, and Northern Scandinavia." Religions 14, no. 1 (2023): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14010117.

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According to my study, “political secularism” means the separation of political power from religious institutions, while “social secularism” is a theory and endeavor to eliminate religiosity from not only public but also private life, considering it an obsolete way of thinking. I examine four case studies based on my ethnological fieldwork in Hunza (in the Pakistani-controlled Kashmir), the Middle Ural (Russia), Transylvania (Romania), and Sápmi (northern Scandinavia). I outline and compare ethnic minorities (Hunzakuts, Tatars, Szeklers, Samis) according to their historical background, contemporary social environment, relation to the majority, their political endeavors, and the role of religion(s) among them. Based on my fieldwork notes, interviews, and sociological data, I analyze the similarities and differences of ethnic complexity, terminological confusions, problems of “lived religion,” and the impact of social and political secularism. Since their religiosity differs from the majorities’ ones, I found that secularism has a complex role and reception. Political secularism is essential for defending these minorities from assimilation, but most of these minorities reject social secularism since religion is part of their multifunctional ethnic discourse space. Religiosity is part of their survival strategy. Notwithstanding, ethnic minorities’ religious institutions participate in political activity and propagate their claims for self-governance.
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Marácz, László. "Sports and the Identity of Ethnies: the Case of Basque and Frisian." Erdélyi Társadalom 20, no. 2 (2022): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17177/77171.276.

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Full-fledged nations have had, and continue to have, the possibility to strengthen their national identity by participating in international sports competitions, such as the Olympic Games, and can use positive results in the international sports arena for national self-assertion. Globalization has opened up even more possibilities for nations to participate in international competitions. Ethnic and national minorities, classified as ethnies in the sense of Smith (see references), are excluded from these possibilities. Athletes and teams of ethnic and national minorities can only participate in international competitions if they join the sports ranks of the majority nation. However, another strategy is observed among ethnic and national minorities in order to make use of sports as a tool of soft power to strengthen internal cohesion and to team up with international sports organizations, like the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF). It turns out that among ethnic and national minorities, unique sports are to be found that form a substantial attribute of their identities. In this paper, this sports strategy of ethnies will be illustrated with two case studies, namely autochthonous sports that have originated from the Basque minorities in Spain and France and the Frisian minority in the Netherlands.
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Monnot, Christophe, and Solange Lefebvre. "Religious Minorities and Struggle for Recognition." Social Inclusion 8, no. 3 (2020): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i3.3542.

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Religious minorities are increasingly present in the public sphere. Often pointed out as a problem, we argue here that the establishment of these minorities in Western societies is happening through struggles for recognition. Communities or individuals belonging to different minorities are seeking recognition from the society in which they are living. In Section 1, we present, briefly, our perspective, which differs from the analyses generally presented in the sociology of religion in that it adopts a bottom-up perspective. In Section 2, we present and discuss articles dealing with case studies in the cities of Barcelona, Geneva, and Montreal. In Section 3, we discuss two articles that present a process of individualization of claims for recognition. Finally, we present an article that discusses the case of an unrecognized minority in the Turkish school system.
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An, Byeongchan, Robert Bushman, Anya Kleymenova, and Rimmy E. Tomy. "Social Externalities of Bank Enforcement Actions: The Case of Minority Lending." Finance and Economics Discussion Series, no. 2022-036 (June 2022): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2022.036.

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This paper studies the role banking supervision plays in improving access to credit for minorities by investigating how enforcement decisions and orders (EDOs) affect the bank borrower base. We find that, after an EDO’s termination, banks significantly increase residential mortgage lending to minorities, even when the enforcement order is not issued for violations of fair lending laws. Our findings suggest that improvements in banks’ internal credit assessment and compliance due to the enforcement process are associated with the expansion in lending to minority borrowers. Our findings highlight the indirect social benefits of bank enforcement and supervision.
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An, Byeongchan, Robert Bushman, Anya Kleymenova, and Rimmy E. Tomy. "Social Externalities of Bank Enforcement Actions: The Case of Minority Lending." Finance and Economics Discussion Series, no. 2022-036 (June 2022): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2022.036.

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This paper studies the role banking supervision plays in improving access to credit for minorities by investigating how enforcement decisions and orders (EDOs) affect the bank borrower base. We find that, after an EDO’s termination, banks significantly increase residential mortgage lending to minorities, even when the enforcement order is not issued for violations of fair lending laws. Our findings suggest that improvements in banks’ internal credit assessment and compliance due to the enforcement process are associated with the expansion in lending to minority borrowers. Our findings highlight the indirect social benefits of bank enforcement and supervision.
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Tayob, Abdulkader. "Minorities Between State and Sharia Discourses in African Muslim Societies." Islamic Africa 13, no. 2 (2022): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21540993-01302002.

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Abstract This essay proposes a framework for understanding the construction of religious groups and minorities in Muslim societies through two intersecting and inter-related discourses. The first is a discourse and experience of modern state formation with roots in Africa’s colonial history. And the second is a discourse of the Other in Islamic jurisprudence and theology. It builds on Talal Asad’s thesis that a modern state discourse of secular authority does not preclude religious symbols that shape religious minorities. However, the essay goes beyond Asad by showing that Muslim reformist groups also articulate a religious discourse on minorities and religious groups. The essay argues that a discursive construction of Muslim religious minorities and groups occurs through contemporary state and Islamic reformist discourses. The article presents Egypt and Nigeria as case studies to illustrate this construction.
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Liedgren, Pernilla. "Minorities with different values at school – the case of Jehovah’s Witnesses." British Journal of Religious Education 40, no. 1 (2016): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2016.1150253.

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Fokas, Effie, and James T. Richardson. "The European Court of Human Rights and minority religions: messages generated and messages received." Religion, State & Society 45, no. 3-4 (2017): 166–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2017.1399577.

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This contribution introduces a collection of studies focused on engagements of religious minorities with the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Setting out first the global importance of the ECtHR as a standard setter in the protection of the rights of religious minorities, the text goes on to introduce the ten contributions that together make up the present special issue on the European Court of Human Rights and Religious Minorities. Beyond briefly summar- ising the contexts of the special issue, this contribution indicates that the first part of the special issue entails critical assessments of some of the Court’s case law dealing with religious minority claims (exploring on their clarity and consistency – or lack thereof – and controversiality), and that the second part offers insight into the grassroots level impact of the Court’s case law on religious minority claims. It explains how each of these contributions deepens our understanding of the ECtHR in its approach to and impact on religious minorities. And it introduces the fact that, rather uniquely, this collection of texts offers a rare vantage point on the ‘circle of life’ of the Court’s case law on religious minorities. 
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Buchanan, Nina K., and Robert A. Fox. "Case Studies ofEmerging Ethnocentric Charter Schools in Hawai'i." education policy analysis archives 11 (February 23, 2003): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v11n8.2003.

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The fast growing charter school movement may be impeded if charter schools are perceived as a vehicle for stratifying, segregating, and balkanizing an already ethnically, socio-economically divided population. This article defines ethnocentric schools and describes three Native Hawai'ian charter schools. While they are very different in curricula and in emphasis on the Hawai'ian language and other features, they all have strong community support and a high degree of parental involvement and have access to funds available only for Native Hawai'ian programs. It may be easy to support the expenditure of public funds for ethnocentric charter schools in areas like Hawai'i where ethnic minorities have traditionally been underserved. The issues raised in this study may have broader implications for the evolution of American public education. The question is not what criteria to apply to distinguish schools of "good" choice from schools of "bad" choice. In final analysis we must ask, are schools of choice truly schools of choice, or not?
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Neo, Jaclyn L. "Religious Minorities in Asia: Between the Scylla of Minority Protection and Charybdis of Religious Freedom Rights?" Religions 12, no. 10 (2021): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12100881.

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This article examines the intersection of religious freedom and minority protection within the Asian context. It argues that, to the extent that a focus on minority protection draws greater attention to the collective and communitarian dimensions of religious practice, it has the potential to enrich the discourse on religious freedom protection. I identify three areas of possible convergence—first, where a minority-focused regime leads to a richer understanding of the intersections between culture, language, and religion; secondly, where a focus on minority protection leads to positive measures by the state to protect religious minorities; and thirdly, where a minority regime founds a right of religious minorities to political participation. Nonetheless, I will also point out that there are limits to minority protection. It may even be a double-edged sword, as it serves to reify differences with the rest of society and risks permanently marginalizing the group as a minority. This could be the case even if there are institutional designs, formal or informal, to provide for religious minorities’ political participation.
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Beaman, Lori G. "Church, State and the Legal Interpretation of Polygamy in Canada." Nova Religio 8, no. 1 (2004): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2004.8.1.20.

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Using the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Canada as an example, I argue that religious minorities who are deemed to be harmful to society are controlled through law, either directly by legislation, through judicial application of legislation, or, more insidiously, through the discursive practices of government agents such as immigration officials. Both the legal controls imposed and the types of resistance or compliance offered by religious minorities shift and change over time. Definitions of religious freedom also shift and change over time. While the primary focus of this article is a case study of the Latter-day Saints and polygamy, it is prescient of other contemporary issues of social control of religious minorities. In these post-September 11 times, there has been a shift in rhetoric from nation-building to nation-preservation. Polygamy still plays a role in the construction of citizenship in Canada through the filtering of immigrants, but current social, political and economic circumstances differ from those the Latter-day Saints faced in the 1800s.
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Udovič, Boštjan, Miran Komac, and Milan Brglez. "Can Young Members of Slovene Minorities in Neighbouring Countries be Useful for Slovenia’s Diplomacy?" Treatises and Documents, Journal of Ethnic Studies / Razprave in Gradivo, Revija za narodnostna vprašanja 89, no. 89 (2022): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36144/rig89.dec22.5-27.

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Abstract The article deals with the issue of incorporating young members of Slovene minorities in neighbouring countries into Slovenia’s diplomatic and foreign policy activities. The key precondition for this is the perception of Slovenia as their kin-state. The paper brings two main findings: the first is that a definition of kin-state as a unique concept is problematic, since it changes with different variables. The second finding refers to a concrete case study of young members of Slovene minorities in neighbouring countries, who have different contexts and perceptions of Slovenia (and Slovenehood). This means that Slovenia needs a comprehensive overhaul – and adaption to different conditions – of its own understanding of its ethnic minorities in the neighbouring countries if it wishes to include its young kin in Austria, Croatia, Hungary and Italy in its foreign policy and diplomacy.
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Bantimaroudis, Philemon. "Media Framing of Religious Minorities in Greece: The Case of the Protestants." Journal of Media and Religion 6, no. 3 (2007): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15348420701530130.

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Todorov, Antony, and Anna Krasteva. "Ethnic minorities and political representation: The case of Bulgaria." Southeastern Europe 35, no. 1 (2011): 8–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633311x545661.

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AbstractThe political representation of minority groups in Bulgaria is analyzed from three perspectives. The first relates to political socialization: the mechanisms of minority political preference, and their materialization into political behavior, mostly during elections or through party membership. The second relates to political actors' conduct towards minorities: their attitudes toward minority identities and the significance of minority representation in their practice. The third perspective relates to the institutional framework that politically regulates minority status. This third perspective raises questions of minimum representation, and the legal formalization of minority political parties. Bulgarian ethnic politics is analyzed regarding both the ethnic factors in constructing the political scene and the political factors in structuring the ethnic model. The present article questions the applicability of the distinction between the 'politics of ideas' and the 'politics of identities' to Southeastern Europe in general, and to Bulgaria in particular. This theoretical question is addressed through two empirical comparative analyses: the similarities and divergences of the minority management model in the Bulgarian Constitution and the one applied in the political practice, and the differences between minority representation in Bulgaria and in neighboring countries such as Romania.
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Smajljaj, Avdi. "Linguistic, cultural, and educational rights of minorities mediating inter-ethnic reconciliation and promoting inclusiveness: the case of Kosovo." EASTERN EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF REGIONAL STUDIES 10, no. 2 (2024): 34–42. https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.10-2.03.

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Multiethnicity is one of the fundamental conditions of Kosovo's statehood. It constituted the backbone of Ahtisaari’s final status settlement proposal, internalized within the constitution and institutional structure. Linguistic, cultural, educational, and political rights are granted by the constitution and laws referring to minorities. However, despite the legal and institutional foundations of minority rights, on the terrain, there seem to be still challenges in implementing and enjoying those rights by minorities. Thus, the paper aims to look at the extent to which linguistic, cultural, and educational rights are being implemented and enjoyed by minorities, from their establishment up to the present, through exploring a number of research questions. What are the challenges and obstacles to the implementation of those rights? How these challenges are reflected in inclusiveness and interethnic reconciliation? The paper is based on legal documents, statistical data, reports, and studies on minority rights in Kosovo.
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Wang, Jiayi, and Gerard A. Postiglione. "China’s minorities without written scripts." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 18, no. 2 (2008): 166–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.18.2.04pos.

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The Chinese state sees language as an essential determinant in ethnic minority schooling. The use of minority language as a medium of instruction is viewed as a way to increase attendance rates and strengthen socialization into a national ideology. However, the policies differ for those ethnic miorities with or without a commonly used written script. Among the minorities without a script are the 300,000 strong Dongxiang, an ethnic group with the lowest level of literacy and school access in China. There is virtually no systematic research on the role of language in school access for Chinese minority groups without a written script. In particular, there is a lack of analysis of the Dongxiang (and similar groups without a written script) learning and school discontinuation. This research aimed to identity the major difficulties in school based learning for the Dongxiang speaking children. Specifically, it explores local perspectives on how language and other factors are related to school enrolment and achievement. In order to accomplish this, the research combined a variety of data gathering methods, including survey questionnaires, open ended interviews, in-depth interviews, field visits, observations, and case studies to analyze the difficulties of language transition faced by Dongxiang ethnic minority children. The results reveal that although native language does not directly cause schoolchildren to discontinue their studies, it has an important indirect influence, especially on the girls. The research results also show that Dongxiang ethnic minority schoolchildren in the early years of schooling generally cannot understand their teachers’ Chinese teaching, which results in poor school performances, a decline of interest in learning, a frustrated sense of achievement, and a decline in self-respect. Many students drop out as part of a vicious cycle that sees a reproduction of poor conditions for learning.
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Davin, Delia. "China's Minorities on the Move: Selected Case Studies. Robyn Iredale , Naran Bilik , Fei Guo." China Journal 53 (January 2005): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20065999.

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Gilliat-Ray, Sophie. "Muslim Minorities in the West." American Journal of Islam and Society 20, no. 3-4 (2003): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v20i3-4.1839.

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The Muslim diaspora, which has become established as a significant areaof publishing in the past 2 to 3 decades, is being charted by a number ofbooks and journals. This edited collection is a valuable addition to the literature,although specialists in the field will notice some degree of overlapwith existing sources.The book is divided into three sections exploring the Muslim experiencein America (seven chapters), Europe (three chapters covering France,Germany, and Norway), and areas of European settlement (five chapterscovering Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the Caribbean). Thebest way to view this book is to consider it a series of case studies examininghow Muslims in different contexts have moved from being tempo­rary and peripheral individual sojourners to being, within their adoptedsocieties, generally well-established communities that have largely overcometheir internal differences and external structural barriers in order tobe publicly recognized as a part of multicultural and multi faith communitiesand societies. Many of the contributors believe that Muslim minoritiesare growing, dynamic, confident, and demographically "young" in most oftheir new societies, and that wherever they have established themselves,they have sustained their presence and thrived, sometimes in the face ofextreme hostility.This case study character has advantages and disadvantages. On theone hand, this reviewer found it extremely valuable to learn more aboutthe experience of some very specific minority groups, such as Sahelians inFrance, who are usually ignored and overshadowed in the literature by theoverwhelming Algerian-Moroccan presence in France. Likewise, with relativelylittle academic material available on Muslims in New Zealand, forexample, this book fills many of the academic gaps in the literature. Thefirst-hand accounts from previously unpublished sources were similarlyvaluable, and the chapter on establishing the Islamic Party in NorthAmerica constitutes an important documentary record. On the other hand,some chapters went over well-established ground, such as Turks inGermany. Specialists on Muslim minorities will find that some chaptersrepeat already well-known data and profiles oflslam in these contexts ...
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Sibley, D. "Persistence or Change? Conflicting Interpretations of Peripheral Minorities." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 4, no. 1 (1986): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d040057.

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In studies of the relationship between peripheral ethnic minority groups and the larger society in industrialised societies, it is commonly assumed that the minority is in the process of assimilation or is becoming economically dependent, A number of theoretical arguments on the nature of change are reviewed. The case of Gypsy communities in Europe and North America is used to demonstrate the inappropriateness of theories that predict a transformation of the minority group's culture—a picture of continuity and persistence appears more reasonable in the light of historical and fieldwork evidence.
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Schulz, Dorothea E. "Studying Muslim Minorities in Subsaharan Africa: Preliminary Remarks." Islamic Africa 12, no. 2 (2022): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21540993-01202008.

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Abstract The introduction to the special issue on Muslim minorities in Subsaharan Africa argues that a focus on the circumstances and challenges faced by them opens up productive lines of inquiry into forms of religious coexistence and plurality, in Subsaharan Africa and elsewhere. Starting from a conceptual reflection on different forms of religious plurality, the article enters a plea for more a sustained reflection on the effects of state regulation of religious coexistence and how it is lived in everyday life. To this effect, the introduction invites readers to take the different case studies of the special issue as a way to assess and compare the genealogies and legacies of state regimes of religious governance in Subsaharan Africa.
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Dr. Saeed Ahmed Butt and Khush Bakhat Bajwa. "Pakistan’s Religious Minorities: Constitutional Inclusion and Exclusion: An Appraisal." Journal of Political Stability Archive 3, no. 1 (2025): 217–32. https://doi.org/10.63468/jpsa.3.1.15.

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This research deals with dual dynamics of inclusion and exclusion of religious minorities in Pakistan's constitutional framework. Despite formal recognition and protection for religious minorities enshrined in 1973 Constitution, practical and systemic challenges persist that undermine these guarantees. This research delves into historical evolution of constitutional provisions, highlighting key amendments and judicial interpretations that have shaped the current legal landscape. It explores the tension between Islamic identity of state and secular principles necessary for minority rights protection. Case studies of specific minority communities, such as Christians, Hindus and Ahmadis, illustrate the lived realities of constitutional promises versus on-ground implementation. This article argues that while constitutional inclusion provides a foundational layer of protection, exclusionary practices rooted in socio-political contexts and legal ambiguities continue to marginalize religious minorities. Recommendations for legal reforms and policy measures to enhance effective inclusion of religious minorities are proposed, emphasizing the need for a more robust enforcement mechanism and greater societal awareness to foster an inclusive national identity.
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Hemetek, Ursula. "Applied Ethnomusicology in the Process of the Political Recognition of a Minority: A Case Study of the Austrian Roma." Yearbook for Traditional Music 38 (2006): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0740155800011656.

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Applied ethnomusicology has a special relevance for studies on music and minorities. What constitutes this relevance in particular cases was the focus of a plenary panel discussion at the 38th World Conference of the ICTM in Sheffield in 2005, which explored cultural, social, political, and economic issues pertinent to the musical life of minority groups within the context of a larger (majority) society. Panel participants addressed the topic from the perspective of their individual research fields and the different minority groups they have worked with: Adelaida Reyes provided the example of refugee camps, Stephen Wild of the Rom ceremony of Australian Aborigines, and John O'Connell of a Song for Peace by a Kurdish singer. The aim was to contribute to discourses on applied ethnomusicology in the light of theoretical and methodological insights gained through studies of music and minorities.
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Saha, Anamik. "The Politics of Race in Cultural Distribution: Addressing Inequalities in British Asian Theatre." Cultural Sociology 11, no. 3 (2017): 302–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975517708899.

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This article has two aims. Firstly, it challenges the assumption in both policy and media studies of race that increasing the number of minorities in the media will automatically lead to more diverse content. Secondly, it highlights how cultural distribution is a critical, yet under-researched, moment for racialised minorities working in the arts. Using a case study on ‘British Asian theatre’, the article problematises a particular cultural policy approach that emphasises the need to attract ‘new audiences’. While the emphasis on bringing marginalised audiences to the arts is welcome, this article argues that attempts to address racial inequalities in production and consumption in this way, reinforce rather than dismantle them.
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Kaushik, Archana. "Social Exclusion Among Sexual Minorities: A Case of HIV-Positive Homosexuals." Journal of Social Inclusion Studies 6, no. 2 (2020): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394481121996081.

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Sexual minorities are one of the most vulnerable and marginalised groups in the society. Sero-positivity accentuates social exclusion among the sexual minorities. The article aims to appraise the factors that make Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) vulnerable to HIV infection and lead to their social exclusion. Qualitative in nature and based on fifteen in-depth case studies of HIV-infected MSM, the study is located in Delhi, India. Findings show that variables such as age, child sexual abuse, marital status and multiple sex partners, contribute to vulnerabilities of respondents. Sociocultural milieu puts structural barriers, restricting integration of MSM in the society. Culture of silence over sexual matters, notions of proving ‘manhood’ through aggression and sexual violence are some of the factors that hamper healthy behaviours and relationships among the MSM. At the interpersonal level, possessiveness, betrayal, infidelity, heartbreak, strong emotional whirlpool when love–relations go incongruent, all take a heavy toll of their mental and physical health. These variables socially exclude the sexual minorities from the mainstream life. Findings reflect both positive (disclosing to family, abstinence, spiritual growth) and negative (suicide attempts, drug use) ways of coping among the MSM respondents. Critical areas of concern for service providers while planning interventions for social inclusion and empowerment of people with sexual minority are delineated.
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Côté, Pauline. "RULE OF LAW AND RELIGIOUS MINORITIES: A CASE STUDY OF JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES." Review of Faith & International Affairs 5, no. 3 (2007): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2007.9523297.

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Trompf, Garry W. "Ethno-Religious Minorities in the Near East: Some Macrohistorical Reflections with Special Reference to the Zazas." IRAN and the CAUCASUS 17, no. 3 (2013): 321–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20130306.

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The historical study of ethnic and religious minorities in the Near East presents as an endless task for years ahead. This paper offers a tour d’horizon of key minority issues from ca. 1300 B.C. to the present while plotting the way minorities―whether defeated, put under serious constraint, tolerated or marginalised―have been conceptualised in the historical record. Looking at history this way opens up the richness and importance of ‘minority studies’, and allows for reflection on the history of interpretations of the ‘suppressed other’ over the centuries. The contribution approaches Zaza ethno-religiosity as a brief test case.
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Hicks, M. A. "Between Majorities: the ‘Beauchamp Interregnum’, 1439–491." Historical Research 72, no. 177 (1999): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00071.

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Abstract This article questions the current orthodoxy that the hegemony of the earls of Warwick in the West Midlands collapsed during the minorities of Duke Henry and his daughter Anne in 1439–49 (the Beauchamp Interregnum) and was never successfully reconstructed. Using inquisitions post mortem and other chance surviving records, it demonstrates that the estate remained intact and was run throughout by the duke himself and the custodians and feoffees of his parents. There was no Beauchamp Interregnum. It is also a case study that suggests minorities to be much less disruptive than is commonly thought.
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Smith, Kenny. ""You've Been Wonderful Neighbors": Key Factors in the Successful Integration of a Wiccan Coven into a Suburban Community in the Southeastern United States." Nova Religio 12, no. 1 (2008): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2008.12.1.103.

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In May 2000 the House of Oak Spring (HOS), a Wiccan group, purchased eighteen acres of forested land and a home in a typical suburban Atlanta neighborhood, with the goal of establishing a covenstead. While residents of the suburb initially reacted with considerable fear and hostility, they soon came to accept and even appreciate their Wiccan neighbors. This essay seeks to explain the successful integration of HOS into the larger community in terms of the benefits the community enjoys as a result of the presence of HOS. The case of HOS suggests that similar dynamics may have informed the successful integration of other religious minorities in different communities.
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Kingsbury, Damien. "Post-colonial states, ethnic minorities and separatist conflicts: case studies from Southeast and South Asia." Ethnic and Racial Studies 34, no. 5 (2011): 762–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2010.537357.

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Kühl, Jørgen. "The Making of Borders and Minorities." European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 19, no. 1 (2022): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117_004.

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Abstract The Peace Treaties of Versailles and Saint German of 1919 provided for a number of plebiscites to be held to determine Germany’s borders with Denmark, Poland and France and Austria’s borders with the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (eventually Yugoslavia). Plebiscites under international supervision were held in Schleswig (1920), Upper Silesia (1920), Allenstein and Marienwerder (1920), Carinthia/Kärnten (1920), and the Saar region (1935). A public consultation was made in the case of the districts of Eupen and Malmedy as well in 1920 regarding the border between Belgium and Germany. Although most of Western Hungary was awarded to Austria in 1919, Hungarian insurrection eventually led to a plebiscite in the Sopron/Ödenburg region as well in 1921. Three of these borders based on self-determination through referenda (Schleswig, Burgenland and Carinthia) still exist. This contribution presents the plebiscites and shows the creation of minorities and the impact of the minority situations. It offers a comparative analysis of history’s impact on contemporary minority-majority relations in the new border regions.
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Morozova, E. A. "POLITICIZATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE EU: REGIONAL DIMENSION." Вестник Пермского университета. Политология 16, no. 3 (2022): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2022-3-112-125.

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As a rule, the dominant research strategy of the ethnicity politicization factors includes case-study analysis or comparison of small number of cases. There are no cross-regional comparative studies. In this paper, a statistical analysis is carried out to determine the degree of influence of various factors on the ethnic minorities’ politicization in the regions of the EU countries. It is proposed to understand the ethnic minorities politicization as a presence and an electoral success of ethnic parties in the regions. 113 ethnic minorities living in the regions of 16 countries of the European Union were selected for the analysis by the methods of logistic and linear regression. The research found that the share of ethnic minority in the population of a region, the historical past of ethnic minorities, the size of their area of residence and the degree of separation have positive influence on the politicization. However, it was not possible to identify a positive influence of the religious character of the ethnic minority and the level of its economic well-being on politicization.
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King, Charles. "Minorities policy in the post‐Soviet republics: The case of the Gagauzi." Ethnic and Racial Studies 20, no. 4 (1997): 738–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1997.9993987.

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Tam, Truong Phan Chau. "Religious Conversion of the Ethnic Minorities in the South of Vietnam." Tattva - Journal of Philosophy 8, no. 1 (2016): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12726/tjp.15.3.

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Religious conversion is a phenomenon that has frequently occurred in human history. As part of religious life, religious conversion reflects fluctuations and changes in social existence, especially changes in the economic, cultural, social, religious factors and one‟s own subjective religious convictions. Religious conversions are taking place in the ethnic communities in Southern Vietnam, but in a context that is space and time specific. So the process of evolution, the nature, dynamics and characteristics of the case of religious conversion here is different and unique. Currently, the study of religious conversion in Vietnam in general and the South in particular, is modest. There have not been many studies regarding case specific religious conversion of people and no studies have done a full assessment of the nature and characteristics of religious conversion on social life in Southern Vietnam as well as forecasted the evolution and impact of the same. This article is intended to present and describe three cases of religious conversion in the south of Vietnam. These are the conversion to Protestantism of ethnic communities Khmer (originating from Cambodia)
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Francis I., Omeye. "Innovative Approaches to Addressing Health Disparities." Research Output Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research 4, no. 2 (2025): 52–58. https://doi.org/10.59298/rojesr/2025/4.2.5258.

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Health disparities in the United States remain a critical public health challenge, disproportionately affecting racial and ethnic minorities, socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, and other marginalized groups. Despite increased awareness and targeted policies, disparities in health outcomes, access, and care quality persist, particularly in areas such as infant mortality, chronic disease management, and behavioral health. This report explores the structural, historical, and systemic roots of these disparities and evaluates contemporary, innovative approaches designed to reduce them. It highlights the promise of culturally competent care, health information technologies, community-based interventions, and inclusive policy frameworks. Emphasis is placed on stakeholder collaboration, data transparency, and equity-driven reforms. Case studies illustrate practical implementations and lived experiences, particularly among families of children with special health needs. The report concludes with a call for sustained, multi-level engagement and accountability to foster health equity in a rapidly diversifying nation. Keywords: Health disparities, health equity, racial and ethnic minorities, health information technology, cultural competence, community health.
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Pérez-Troncoso, Manuel, and Cameron McCarthy. "Racialized Boundaries Against Haitian Immigrants in Chile: Two Case Studies." Revista Internacional de Educación para la Justicia Social 12, no. 2 (2023): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/riejs2023.12.2.007.

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Racism is a type of systematic power abuse by a dominant group against diverse minorities through discursive and material practices (Van Dijk, 2021). This article draws attention to the generation of racializing discourses, particularly towards the Haitian immigrant population in Chile, in (a) mass media, which mainly focuses on radio, television, and newspapers such as Radio Bíobío, Chilevision, and La Tercera newspaper, and (b) government policy, as articulated in the 2018 executive order “Plan Humanitarian Orderly Return” (PHOR). After delineating the historical background of recent Haitian migration to Chile, authors deploy Critical Discourses Analysis (CDA) of two powerful cases of popularly mediated racializing discourses reflected in media coverage of (a) the case of a Haitian woman, Joane Florvil, who died soon after taken into police custody on a wrongful charge of abandoning her infant in 2017 and (b) the racially inflected 2018 executive order PHOR which overwhelmingly targeted Haitians for “voluntary deportation”. Authors consider headlines, article coverage of institutional agents and minority subjects, and state-generated documents. Informed by postcolonial thought, the study discusses current expressions of racialized boundaries in the Chilean media focusing particularly on the disciplining and regulation of migrants based on the idea of order
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Zulkarnain, Zulkarnain, Roma Ulinnuha, and Raihanah Abdullah. "Social Inclusion as A Challenge of Multiculturalism in Germany: A Study on Muslim Minorities." Alfuad: Jurnal Sosial Keagamaan 8, no. 2 (2024): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/jsk.v8i2.12052.

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Multiculturalism emphasises cultural and religious diversity in society. It plays an important role in the German context. However, its application in the country still faces challenges that affect the social inclusion of the Muslim minority. Social inclusion is crucial for accepting and integrating minorities into the majority society. Muslim minorities in Germany face several challenges, including discrimination, economic inequality, and limited access to education and employment opportunities. Discrimination is a significant barrier to social inclusion, as stereotypical perceptions and prejudices against their religion and culture often lead to discriminatory experiences in everyday life. Social inclusion is negatively impacted by economic hardship, which limits access to decent employment and equal income. Additionally, limited access to education complicates the integration of Muslim minorities, reducing their chances of achieving economically viable employment and contributing positively to society. Additionally, limited access to education complicates the integration of Muslim minorities, reducing their chances of achieving economically viable employment and contributing positively to society. Additionally, limited access to education complicates the integration of Muslim minorities, reducing their chances of achieving economically viable employment and contributing positively to society. It is important to address inequality in access to education to promote social inclusion. This article explores the factors that affect the social inclusion of Muslim minorities in Germany. Relevant case studies are used to analyze the impact of these factors on the daily lives of Muslim minorities. The article also discusses the efforts that can be made by the government, community organizations, and individuals to improve social inclusion. The aim of this article is to comprehensively address the challenges faced by Muslim minorities in Germany with regards to social inclusion. The goal is to find solutions that promote social justice and equality for all citizens.
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Omenetto, Silvia, and Giuseppe Tateo. "The Conversion of Heritage and the Heritage of Conversion: Two Case Studies from Trentino." Religions 16, no. 2 (2025): 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16020239.

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This article explores two cases of architectural conversion within the TESEO project: the transformation of a Catholic church into an Orthodox church in Trento and the adaptation of a farmstead into a Buddhist temple in the Molin Valley, Trentino. These cases show how conversion involves a negotiation of visual and spatial markers, redefining what is considered “heritage”. The article situates these experiences within broader global trends of growing religious diversity and migration, exploring how such transformations respond to the need for worship spaces for religious minorities. It also reflects on the temporariness of these solutions, often pending the creation of more permanent spaces. In conclusion, the article proposes an open, non-deterministic view of heritage, embracing the fluidity and transformability of contemporary religious spaces.
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De Villiers, Bertus. "Community Government for Cultural Minorities – Thinking beyond “Territory” as a Prerequisite for Self-government." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 25, no. 4 (2018): 561–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02503007.

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Decentralisation in its different forms is often associated with territorial governments, be it regional or local governments. There is a close correlation between decentralisation to territorial entities and the protection of minorities that live concentrated in those areas. This article challenges the presumption that decentralisation must by necessity require a territorial element. It is argued that if minorities establish corporate legal entities, various forms of decentralisation could be used to empower language, cultural and religious communities to look after their own affairs. Several case studies are referred to in order to illustrate how in practice non-territorial forms of self-government have been developed. Finally, recommendations are made for establishment of community government in different forms.
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Pirker, Jürgen. "Memory Wars and Minority Rights: From Ethnic Conflict towards a Peace Region Alps-Adria?" Treatises and Documents, Journal of Ethnic Studies / Razprave in Gradivo, Revija za narodnostna vprašanja 86, no. 86 (2021): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36144/rig86.jun21.5-32.

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Abstract Described as “the age of extremes” by historian Eric Hobsbawm, the 20th century was defined by heavily-contested borders and identities in Central Europe: politically, culturally, socially, and intellectually. With the end of World War I, communities found themselves in new nation- states, and the politics of assimilation and relations between minorities and their kinstates created tensions that continue to reverberate today. Using the Slovene minority in Austria as a case study, the article provides insight into two international projects that involve civil society actors in the field of memory politics and young people and their attitudes towards history and minorities. In drawing lessons from these initiatives dealing with troubled pasts to counteract current forms of exclusive identity politics, the article proposes that effective minority protection depends on a conductive social environment that allows for the reflection of opposing narratives stemming from ethnic conflict and acknowledges diversity as enrichment.
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Kook, Rebecca. "Representation, minorities and electoral reform: the case of the Palestinian minority in Israel." Ethnic and Racial Studies 40, no. 12 (2017): 2039–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1277027.

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Kanellopoulos, A., K. Dionysopoulou, X. Antoniou, E. Marini, and G. Nikolaidis. "Helping Abused Children from Various Minorities in the Greek Context." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1003.

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IntroductionChildren's abuse and neglect is widely studied as a major risk factor for emotional and behavioural disorders, various somatic and psychiatric problems during adulthood.ObjectiveMental health is fundamental to health. Mental illnesses are real, disabling conditions affecting all populations regardless of race or ethnicity but disparities in mental health services exist for racial and ethnic minorities, and thus, mental illnesses exact a greater toll on their overall health and productivity.AimThe most important aim when working with ethnic minorities is to better understand the roles of culture, race and ethnicity, and overcome obstacles that would keep anyone with mental health problems from seeking or receiving effective treatment.MethodsThe Day Centre “The House of the Child” is a community unit which provides customized clinical mental health services for therapeutic treatment and psychosocial rehabilitation of children victims of abuse, neglect or domestic violence. The Day Centre was founded by the non-profit voluntary organization “THE SMILE OF THE CHILD”. The services are based on the bio-psycho-social model approach and treatment, which aim at early detection, and treatment of possible mental disorders and the overall psychosocial rehabilitation of victims of abuse/neglect and the support of their carers.ResultsBy identifying the many barriers to quality care faced by racial and ethnic minorities, the Day Center provides mental health services also to children who come from minority populations.ConclusionsDifferent case studies highlight challenges and various levels of difficulties in this specific scheme of cooperation aiming to open an interesting dialogue on the topic.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Fortes de Lena, Fernanda. "Setting a research agenda on sexuality and migration in demographic studies: what emerges from the literature review." Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 39 (November 21, 2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0222.

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This article systematically reviews articles published from January 2000 to June 2021, that focus on internal migration and sexuality using quantitative methods and data related to demographic research. Therefore, this article aims to map what has been studied and learned so far in demographic research regarding internal migration of sexual minorities. A second objective is to use the development of studies on sexuality and migration in Brazil as a case study for migration and sexuality in the Global South; from this retrospection I intend to identify where these studies have become stifled in the last decades as well as the gaps to fill in order to establish a research agenda.
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Miichi, Ken, and Yuka Kayane. "The Politics of Religious Pluralism in Indonesia: The Shi'a Response to the Sampang Incidents of 2011–12." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 8, no. 1 (2019): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2019.12.

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AbstractAn increasing number of reports and studies on offenses against religious minorities has been published in Indonesia since the country's democratic transition in 1998. While the literature on intolerance unveils the young democracy's institutional problems which have undermined and eroded minority rights, such as direct elections and the lack of judicial independence, it leaves many critical questions to address. Although the number of victims of religious intolerance increased, in the same institutional settings, a large number of religious minorities has managed to prevent escalating violence and avoid being targeted by intolerant groups. Under what circumstances and how do minorities deter attacks in a time of heightened tension against them under a democratic system that has afforded them little protection? This article sheds light on the case of the Shi'a who suffered a series of attacks in Sampang, Madura in the East Java province, but have since gradually developed resilience. A series of attacks in Sampang in 2011–12 was one of the most destructive events against religious minorities in Indonesia. Examining the Sampang incidents, this article argues that if the religious minority can develop a cohesive network with elements of the majority capable of mobilising state power, it would build a safety net preventing attacks by intolerant groups. Thus, this article aims to develop our understanding of how religious minorities address violence caused by hostile socio-political forces and adapt to Indonesia's democracy.
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Blue, Benjamin. "Challenges Between and Within Rural Minority Demographics." Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal 16 (August 13, 2024): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/cusj.v16i.12942.

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Rural minorities in America are in poorer health compared to other demo-graphics, as illustrated by deficits in several health metrics. Such deficits are great in magnitude and temporally persistent. Furthermore, the unrecognized diversity of rural areas means that these deficits affect a larger proportion of rural areas than convention-al stereotype dictates. This review analyzes existing research to characterize the health of rural minorities, focusing on specific challenges and elucidating recurring themes that arise within and between minorities. Specific demographics were chosen for in-depth analysis based on prominence in nonmetropolitan areas, utility as case studies, and availability and quality of research. Population-specific analyses delineate themes that apply across demographics as well as challenges specific to each group, revealing the complexity of rural minority health. Analysis elucidates some key themes surrounding rural minority health. The invisibility of these demographics underlies many surface-level issues such as ineffective interventions and the underfunding of health organizations. Social context also plays a great yet underappreciated role in health, lending complex-ity to this issue through unique demographic-specific challenges. Above all, knowledge gaps are one of the most impactful and long-staying factors affecting rural minorities, impeding solutions and promoting disparity through ignorance on the part of both policy-makers and providers.
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