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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Modal substitution »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 2 juin 2025

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Modal substitution"

Cresswell, Max. "Non-Denumerable Infinitary Modal Logic." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 15, no. (1) (2009): 63–71. https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-015-01-0063.

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Segerberg established an analogue of the canonical model theorem in modal logic for infinitary modal logic. However, the logics studied by Segerberg and Goldblatt are based on denumerable sets of pairs ‹Γ, α› of sets Γ of well-formed formulae and well-formed formulae α. In this paper I show how a generalisation of the infinite cut-rule used by Segerberg and Goldblatt enables the removal of the limitation to denumerable sets of sequents.

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VENEMA, YDE. "A Modal Logic for Quantification and Substitution." Logic Journal of IGPL 2, no. 1 (1994): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/2.1.31.

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Hasannejad, Mohammad Reza, Nader Assadi, and Mehdi Mirzaei. "The Role of Instructing Substitution as a Kind of Grammatical Cohesion on Its True Identification and Creation of Modal, Reporting and Conditional Contexts." Studies in English Language Teaching 1, no. 2 (2013): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v1n2p298.

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In an effort with a two-fold research question regarding the role of teaching substitution as a kind of grammatical cohesion on the true identification of confusing substitution elements with cohesive or noncohesive roles in different contexts and also the production of modal, reporting and conditional contexts through clausal substitution acquaintance, the following procedures were taken. First 120 male and female EFL students were selected from Iranshahr Azad University. Having administered the language proficiency test, researchers selected 80 students as intermediate sub

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Urbaniak, Rafal. "Different Arguments, Same Problems." European journal of analytic philosophy 13, no. 2 (2018): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/ejap.13.2.1.

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I illustrate with three classical examples the mistakes arising from using a modal operator admitting multiple interpretations in the same argument; the flaws arise especially easily if no attention is paid to the range of propositional variables. Premisses taken separately might seem convincing and a substitution for a propositional variable in a modal context might seem legitimate. But there is no single interpretation of the modal operators involved under which all the premisses are plausible and the substitution successful.

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Kim, Mooseop, YunKyung Park, KyeongDeok Moon, and Chi Yoon Jeong. "Analysis and Validation of Cross-Modal Generative Adversarial Network for Sensory Substitution." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (2021): 6216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126216.

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Visual-auditory sensory substitution has demonstrated great potential to help visually impaired and blind groups to recognize objects and to perform basic navigational tasks. However, the high latency between visual information acquisition and auditory transduction may contribute to the lack of the successful adoption of such aid technologies in the blind community; thus far, substitution methods have remained only laboratory-scale research or pilot demonstrations. This high latency for data conversion leads to challenges in perceiving fast-moving objects or rapid environmental changes. To red

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Reuter, Magdalena, Weronika Kałwak, Michał Sznajder, and Michał Wierzchoń. "How to Probe Sensory Substitution Experience? The Enactive Torch Studies." Analiza i Egzystencja 70 (2025): 5–44. https://doi.org/10.18276/aie.2025.70-01.

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Sensory Substitution (SS) is a situation when information from one sensory modality is translated into another, such as, e.g., from vision to touch or hearing. This is possible thanks to sensory substitution devices, which include Colorophone, EyeMusic or Enactive Torch. Sensory Substitution Experience (SSE) has not yet been described successfully. There is an ongoing debate about what kind of expe- rience is associated with SS—is it similar to a substituted sense such as vision, or a substituting sense such as hearing or touch, or perhaps different senses or a completely new sense? Here we pr

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Rich, J., O. Kveiborg, and C. O. Hansen. "On structural inelasticity of modal substitution in freight transport." Journal of Transport Geography 19, no. 1 (2011): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2009.09.012.

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HORHOLIUK, Nina. "IDEAS ARE DIFFERENT…, OR THE MODAL GAME IN MEDIA DISCOURSE." Culture of the Word, no. 97 (2022): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x-2022.97.17.

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The article analyzes the functional and semantic potential of the modus predicates ‘to think’ and ‘to consider’, describes the criteria for semantic differentiation of the tokens ‘to think’ and ‘to consider’, and characterizes the types of sentences that introduce these modus predicates. The concept of the “modal game” is proposed, the cognitive mechanisms and techniques of a modal game are defined and characterized, and the effectiveness of a modal game as a manipulative tactic of the strategy of influence of speakers on the consciousness of information consumers is substantiated. The methods

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Aultman-Hall, Lisa, Bradford Johnson, and Brian Aldridge. "Assessing Potential for Modal Substitution from Statewide Freight Commodity Flow Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1719, no. 1 (2000): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1719-02.

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Kentucky, despite its relatively small area, has an extensive multimodal freight transportation network. Presented are findings of the statewide freight commodity flow analysis that relate to one of the multimodal transportation planning issues currently facing Kentucky—the relative role of various modes in freight transport and the potential for modal substitution. Issues affecting the type of data required for statewide freight planning studies also are discussed. Statewide issues, such as modal substitution questions, require freight commodity data by origin, destination, and mode. The aggr

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Balbiani, Philippe. "Remarks about the unification type of several non-symmetric non-transitive modal logics." Logic Journal of the IGPL 27, no. 5 (2018): 639–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzy078.

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Abstract The problem of unification in a normal modal logic $L$ can be defined as follows: given a formula $\varphi$, determine whether there exists a substitution $\sigma$ such that $\sigma (\varphi )$ is in $L$. In this paper, we prove that for several non-symmetric non-transitive modal logics, there exists unifiable formulas that possess no minimal complete set of unifiers.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Modal substitution"

Hamilton-Fletcher, Giles. "How touch and hearing influence visual processing in sensory substitution, synaesthesia and cross-modal correspondences." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/57955/.

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Sensory substitution devices (SSDs) systematically turn visual dimensions into patterns of tactile or auditory stimulation. After training, a user of these devices learns to translate these audio or tactile sensations back into a mental visual picture. Most previous SSDs translate greyscale images using intuitive cross-sensory mappings to help users learn the devices. However more recent SSDs have started to incorporate additional colour dimensions such as saturation and hue. Chapter two examines how previous SSDs have translated the complexities of colour into hearing or touch. The chapter ex

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Correia, Maria de Fátima Barbosa Amado. "Sistemas dinâmicos de dimensão infinita associados a aplicações do intervalo." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12282.

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Neste trabalho consideramos o sistema dinˆamico discreto (A, T), onde A ´e uma classe de fun¸c˜oes diferenci´aveis reais definidas num intervalo real e T : A → A ´e um operador do tipo Tφ := f ◦ φ, caracterizado por uma aplica¸c˜ao real f definida num certo intervalo real I. Usando t´ecnicas da dinˆamica simb´olica estudamos a localiza¸c˜ao dos pontos cr´ıticos e dos valores cr´ıticos das fun¸c˜oes iteradas da classe A, por T, para o caso em que T ´e caracterizado por uma aplica¸c˜ao m-modal f. Al´em disso, introduzimos e desenvolvemos algumas t´ecnicas da dinˆamica simb´olica para o sistema d

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Lee, Jeong-Yup. "Lattice substitution systems and model sets." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ60145.pdf.

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Maritime, Abraham Aaron. "An efficient substitution model scheme evaluator." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42750.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 121). by Abraham Aaron Maritime. M.Eng.

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Wilson, Gregory Arthur. "Labor Substitution in U.S. Manufacturing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31108.

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This paper presents a translog model designed to estimate the elasticity of substitution between capital, non-production workers, and production workers using U.S. manufacturing data for the period 1988 to 1997. The elasticity of substitution estimates derived from the translog model suggest that production workers and capital are substitutes, as well as non-production and production workers. Although the estimates do not provide conclusive evidence regarding the degree of substitutability between non-production workers and capital, they do indicate that the degree of substitutability betwee

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Belknap, Ethan M. "Computational Model of the Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Pathway." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1623251026132848.

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Cruz, Daniel Alejandro. "Hierarchical Self-Assembly and Substitution Rules." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7770.

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A set of elementary building blocks undergoes self-assembly if local interactions govern how this set forms intricate structures. Self-assembly has been widely observed in nature, ranging from the field of crystallography to the study of viruses and multicellular organisms. A natural question is whether a model of self-assembly can capture the hierarchical growth seen in nature or in other fields of mathematics. In this work, we consider hierarchical growth in substitution rules; informally, a substitution rule describes the iterated process by which the polygons of a given set are individuall

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Jung, Jione. "Understanding the compas model assumptions, structure, and elasticity of substitution /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004225.

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Shen, Bin. "Studies on the nucleophilic aromatic 18 F-Fluorination from model compounds to aromatic amino acids /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008.

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Baskurt, Ozge. "Financial Dollarization And Currency Substitution In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606172/index.pdf.

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This study aims to investigate currency substitution and financial dollarization in Turkey. The extend of dollarization in Turkey appears to be very high according to both the conventional currency substitution and the recently developed financial dollarization measures. This has serious policy implications as a source of financial fragility through currency/maturity mismatches and balance sheet effects. The empirical part of this study contained an investigation of the long run relationships between the variables in a system containing currency substitution ratio, expected exchange rate cha

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Livres sur le sujet "Modal substitution"

Fund, International Monetary, ed. Government finance in a model of currency substitution. International Monetary Fund, 1993.

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D, Tabors Richard, Electric Power Research Institute, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Energy Laboratory., eds. Industrial interfuel substitution: Model development and case study. Electric Power Research Institute, 1987.

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Blundell, Richard. A microeconometric model of intertemporal substitution and consumer demand. University of Warwick Department of Economics, 1989.

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Samouilidis, J. E. HERMES: Results of the interfuel substitution model in Greece. Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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Marquez, Jaime R. Money demand in open economies: A currency substitution model for Venezuela. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1985.

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Giovannini, Alberto. Risk aversion and intertemporal substitution in the capital asset pricing model. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.

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Scott, Louis O. Estimation of the marginal rate of substitution in the intertemporal capital asset pricing model. College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1987.

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Dib, Ali. Intertemporal substitution in macroeconomics: Evidence from a two-dimensional labour supply model with money. Bank of Canada, 2005.

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Deborah, Mathieu, ed. Organ substitution technology: Ethical, legal, and public policy issues. Westview Press, 1988.

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Kulindwa, Kassim. Input substitution, technical change, productivity and capacity utilisation in the Tanzanian manufacturing sector: A disequilibrium factor demand model. Gothenburg University School of Economics and Legal Science, 1993.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Modal substitution"

Steel, Sam. "Sound substitution into modal contexts." In AISB91. Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1852-7_21.

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Bosma, Wauter, and Chris Callison-Burch. "Paraphrase Substitution for Recognizing Textual Entailment." In Evaluation of Multilingual and Multi-modal Information Retrieval. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74999-8_60.

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Ghilardi, Silvio. "Substitution, Quantifiers and Identity in Modal Logic." In Applied Logic Series. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9761-6_5.

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Winkel, James P., Peter A. Kerrian, and Theodore J. Bartkowicz. "Modal Correlation of Complex Aerospace Joints Using Automated Variable Substitution." In Sensors and Instrumentation, Aircraft/Aerospace and Dynamic Environments Testing, Volume 7. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05415-0_10.

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Pientka, Brigitte, and Ulrich Schöpp. "Semantical Analysis of Contextual Types." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45231-5_26.

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AbstractWe describe a category-theoretic semantics for a simply typed variant of Cocon, a contextual modal type theory where the box modality mediates between the weak function space that is used to represent higher-order abstract syntax (HOAS) trees and the strong function space that describes (recursive) computations about them. What makes Cocon different from standard type theories is the presence of first-class contexts and contextual objects to describe syntax trees that are closed with respect to a given context of assumptions. Following M. Hofmann’s work, we use a presheaf model to char

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Chambe, Jean-Emmanuel, Miguel Charlotte, and Yves Gourinat. "Characterization of Fluid-Filled Tank and Mode Shape Identification: Approach via Cryogenic Fluid Substitution by Granular Meta-material." In Topics in Modal Analysis & Parameter Identification, Volume 8. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05445-7_11.

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Aissat, Kamel, and Sacha Varone. "Real-Time Ride-Sharing Substitution Service in Multi-modal Public Transport Using Buckets." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18167-7_37.

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Bisel, Ryan S. "Substituting Here-and-Now Ethics Talk." In Organizational Moral Learning. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315652252-8.

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George, Bart, Régis Fleurquin, and Salah Sadou. "A Component-Oriented Substitution Model." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11763864_25.

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Shi, Elisabeth, and Alexander T. Frey. "Theoretical Substitution Model for Teleoperation." In Proceedings. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34754-3_6.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Modal substitution"

Lyu, Wenyao, and Federico Galvanin. "Automated Identification of Kinetic Models for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction via DoE-SINDy." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.107548.

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Nucleophilic aromatic substitutions (SNAr) are key chemical transformations in pharmaceutical and agrochemical synthesis, yet their complex mechanisms (concerted or two-step) complicate kinetic model identification. Accurate kinetic models for SNAr are essential for scale-up, optimization, and control of the reaction process, but conventional methods struggle with mechanism uncertainty driven by substrates, nucleophiles, and reaction conditions, with data collection being difficult due to its source-intensive nature. We address this using DoE-SINDy, a data-driven framework for generative model

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Pinto Junior, Salustiano Martins, and Hernani De Pinho Carvalho. "Design of a Provisory Axle for Substitution of a 69MW Generator’s Rotor." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50016.

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The paper presents results of a modal analysis for developing a project of a provisory axle of a 69 MW generator’s rotor. The uniqueness of this project, using the modal analysis technique, is that a whole generator set was temporarily (about 90 days) replaced by a sole axle projected, designed, and manufactured by the user. The specific aim of this provisory axle is to provide net 39 MW at 3600 rpm to the blower of the CST’s #1 Blast Furnace during maintenance period of the extracted rotor and without additional risks of interrupting normal operations of steel production. The theoretical moda

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Zhang, Jin, X. J. Chen, and W. L. Wang. "Dynamic Analysis Technique of Rotating Centrifugal Impeller." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-050.

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A dynamic analysis technique which can be employed in rotating centrifugal impeller is presented in this paper. It shows that multi–component partition can be made in repetitive sector region of the centrifugal impeller. The basic repectivie sector region of the centrifugal impeller is divided into three substructures: the full blade, the short blade and the sectorial part of the disc. By using Benfield mode substitution combined with group transformation successfully, the Hermite generalized mass and stiffness matrices under the reduced coordinates are derived. From this, the natural frequenc

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El-Fotouh, Mohamed Abo, and Klaus Diepold. "Dynamic Substitution Model." In 2008 Fourth International Conference on Information Assurance and Security (IAS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ias.2008.20.

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Neitz, Jay, and Gerald H. Jacobs. "Systematic variations in color matching among normal humans." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.tuj6.

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There is evidence suggesting that the spectral positioning of cone photopigments varies among individuals with normal color vision. To examine this we obtained Rayleigh matches from 200 young (mean age = 20.6 yrs) color-normal individuals using large field substitution, a method which enhances color discrimination. The results reveal a discrete variation in color matches between individuals and a striking difference between males and females. The color matches made by males fall into two distributions nearly equal in size. The color matches of the females are trimodally distributed: two modes

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Scharf, R. E., A. Wehmeier, and W. Schneider. "REDUCED PLATELET THROMBOXANE FORMATION IN ACUTE THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA (TP): EVIDENCE FOR AN ABNORMAL PLATELET POPULATION WITH A TRANSIENT CYCLOOXYGENASE DEFECT." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644588.

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We have recently shown that alpha-granule-depleted platelets circulate in acute TTP. These platelets are hemostatically defective due to partial loss of granular constituents and/or metabolic abnormalities. To further evaluate morphometric and metabolic changes of "exhausted" platelets, we studied their volume distribution and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) formation in a 35-year-old patient with primary TTP. Platelet volume distribution in whole blood was determined by the impedance method using citrate (0.38%)/glutaraldehyde (0.125%) as anticoagulant. TXB2 production was measured radioimmunologically

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Cuong, Dang Cao, Le Si Quang, and Le Sy Vinh. "Infuenza-specific Amino Acid Substitution Model." In 2009 International Conference on Knowledge and Systems Engineering (KSE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kse.2009.27.

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Johnson, John L. "Symbolic substitution and patterns." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.tuw5.

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The interrelationships among symbolic substitution, neural nets, optical correlators, the permutation group S N , and digital computers are discussed. An example is given showing how these apply to the design of a full binary adder. Arithmetic rules are transformed into two pattern replacement rules which are implemented by neural networks. These are combined to form the N-bit adder. A functionally equivalent system design using optical correlation techniques is discussed. The group aspect is discussed. Since every group is isomorphic to a subgroup of S N the interrelationships imply access to

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Melamud, Oren, Omer Levy, and Ido Dagan. "A Simple Word Embedding Model for Lexical Substitution." In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Vector Space Modeling for Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/v1/w15-1501.

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Baldwin, Jeff, and Fred Jenson. "Integrated Petrophysics and Rock Physics Results and Log QC and Editing in Deep HPHT Chlorite-Rich Wilcox Sands, Fandango Field, South Texas – A Case Study." In 2023 SPWLA 64th Annual Symposium. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2023-0104.

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This work uses an integrated petrophysics-rock physics workflow to simultaneously evaluate formation volumes (e.g., porosity and lithology) and edit well logs in high-porosity and high-permeability chlorite-cemented Wilcox sands in deep, high-temperature, high-pressure wells of South Texas, USA, Fandango Field. Data include standard logging suites plus sonic logs, thin section and SEM imagery, and geological analyses. Shaly-sand petrophysics and rock physics models are modified to account for chlorite effects. Rock physics templates integrate elastic and nonelastic calculations using visual to

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Modal substitution"

Shepherd, Ben, and Anirudh Shingal. Services Trade of Commonwealth Member Countries: Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Commonwealth Secretariat, 2021. https://doi.org/10.14217/comsec.335.

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In most Commonwealth member countries, services account for at least half of total economic activity in terms of gross domestic product. Levels are particularly high in high-income countries but also in some small island states, where activities like tourism and finance – both services – are important in the overall economy. This paper analyses services exports of Commonwealth countries and develops a conceptual framework about the impacts of COVID-19 on services exports. It presents a set of case studies from Commonwealth countries to identify the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic for

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Steinbuks, Jevgenijs, and Badri Narayanan. Fossil Fuel Producing Economies Have Greater Potential for Interfuel Substitution. GTAP Working Paper, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp73.

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This study extends the literature on interfuel substitution by investigating the role of transactions costs and technological adjustment, focusing specifically on differences across countries with different potential for fossil fuel production. We find that fossil fuel producing economies have higher elasticities of interfuel substitution. Our simulations show that, compared to the baseline case of uniform elasticities, energy and climate policies result in a greater substitution among different sources of energy for countries with larger potential to produce fossil fuels. These results are im

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Giovannini, Alberto, and Philippe Weil. Risk Aversion and Intertemporal Substitution in the Capital Asset Pricing Model. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2824.

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Burniaux, Jean-Marc, and Truong Truong. GTAP-E: An Energy-Environmental Version of the GTAP Model. GTAP Technical Paper, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp16.

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Energy is an important commodity in many economic activities. Its usage affects the environment via CO2 emissions and the Greenhouse Effect. Modeling the energy-economy-environment-trade linkages is an important objective in applied economic policy analysis. Previously, however, the modeling of these linkages in GTAP has been incomplete. This is because energy substitution, a key factor in this chain of linkages, is absent from the standard model specification. This technical paper remedies this deficiency by incorporating energy substitution into the standard GTAP model. It begins by first re

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Roy, Joyashree, Alan H. Sanstad, Jayant A. Sathaye, and Raman Khaddaria. Substitution and price elasticity estimates using inter-countrypooled data in a translog cost model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/918551.

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Gohin, Alex, and Thomas Hertel. A Note on the CES Functional Form and Its Use in the GTAP Model. GTAP Research Memoranda, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm02.

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The purpose of this note is to provide an exhaustive reference for those interested in learning more about the Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) function and its use in the representation of producer behavior in the GTAP model. Particular attention is paid to the role of technical change variables and their effect on cost minimizing demands and input shares. This note is divided into three sections. In the first section, the basic cost minimization problem is laid out and conditional factor demands, as well as the unit cost function, are derived. In section two, this system of equation

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Pierola, Martha Denisse, Dennis Sánchez-Navarro, and Mauricio Mesquita Moreira. Exchange Rate Devaluation and Import Substitution in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009362.

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This paper assesses the LAC's import substitution response to the recent wave of currency devaluations. For this purpose, this document uses both descriptive data and a simple econometric model to establish the short-term relationship between exchange rate movements and import penetration (total and within manufacturing sector) in the region, with a special focus on those countries that had experienced the largest depreciations. The results suggest that there is a significant relationship between depreciation and the decrease in import penetration, indicating that a 1% increase in the local cu

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Liu, Jing, Channing Arndt, and Thomas Hertel. Parameter Estimation and Measures of Fit in A Global, General Equilibrium Model. GTAP Working Paper, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp24.

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Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models have been widely used for quantitative analysis of global economic issues. However, CGE models are frequently criticized for resting on weak empirical foundations. This paper builds on recent work in macro-econometric estimation, developing an approach to parameter estimation for a widely employed global CGE model, the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model. An approximate likelihood function is developed and the set of optimum elasticity values is obtained by maximizing this approximate likelihood function in the context of a back casting exerci

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Kannan, Bharadwaj, Roberto B. Pinheiro, and Harry Turtle. A Spanner in the Works: Restricting Labor Mobility and the Inevitable Capital-Labor Substitution. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202230.

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We model an environment with overlapping generations of labor to show that policies restricting labor mobility increase a firm's monopsony power and labor turnover costs. Subsequently, firms increase capital expenditure, altering their optimal capital-labor ratio. We confirm this by exploiting the statewide adoption of the inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD), a law intended to protect trade secrets by restricting labor mobility. Following an IDD adoption, local firms increase capital expenditure (capital-labor ratio) by 3.5 percent (5.5 percent). This result is magnified for firms with greate

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Hertel, Thomas, and Padma Swaminathan. Introducing Monopolistic Competition into the GTAP Model. GTAP Technical Paper, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp06.

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This technical paper documents one approach to incorporating monopolistic competition into the GTAP model. In this framework, consumer preferences are heterogeneous, leading to an apparent "love of variety" in the aggregate utility function for each region. The more heterogeneous are preferences, the smaller the elasticity of substitution in the aggregate utility function, and the greater the value placed on the addition of new varieties. The same is true for firms, which experience lower unit costs for differentiated, intermediate inputs, as the number of varieties on offer increases. In orde

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