Thèses sur le sujet « Modèles de consolidation »
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Dumais, Simon. « Modélisation de la consolidation au dégel à grandes déformations ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37552.
Texte intégralThis thesis presents the development of an engineering method for the modelling of large strain nonlinear thaw consolidation. The work presented herein follows existing thaw consolidation theories and models. The foundations of one-dimensional thaw consolidation theory are therefore used. First, a numerical model for large strain nonlinear thaw consolidation is formulated by combining the Gibson large strain consolidation theory to heat transfer equations. The two components are coupled in a modelling domain formulated in Lagrangian coordinates that adapts to the soil deformation. This results in the introduction of a second moving boundary at the soil surface to model thaw consolidation in addition to the moving boundary at the thaw front. The model uses nonlinear σʹv – e – kv relationships to define the properties of thawed soils. A case study of the Inuvik experimental pipeline with the numerical model is presented. The case study demonstrates the use of the model for a practical problem and it is used to validate the model. The modelling results are compared to the results obtained with the small strain linear thaw consolidation theory and with the field data. The results obtained with the large strain nonlinear model for thaw settlement, the rate of thaw settlement and the excess pore pressures compare favourably with the field data. Second, a conceptual model for thaw consolidation of thawed fine-grained soils is proposed. The model is used to define the characteristics of the nonlinear σʹv – e – kv relationships used as input for the numerical modelling of thaw consolidation. The concept of the residual stress is generalized to ice rich soils by specifying that it is the effective stress within the soil element rather than the effective stress of the bulk soil. Then, empirical relationships are formulated to determine the characteristics of the σʹv – e – kv relationships as a function of the initial thawed void ratio and soil index properties.
Dhouib, Ammar. « Contribution à l'étude du comportement des sols renforcés sous sollicitations statiques et dynamiques : applications aux ouvrages en terre armée ». Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10149.
Texte intégralSmyrnaios, Nikos. « L'industrie de l'éphémère : émergence et consolidation de modèles diversifiés de production et de diffusion de l'information en ligne ». Grenoble 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE39033.
Texte intégralHocini, Hocine. « Étude probabiliste des ouvrages en sols-renforcés : application à la terre armée et au clouage ». Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10065.
Texte intégralTop, Bilal. « L'effet de la consolidation des sols sur la propagation des contaminants ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33608.
Texte intégralXiong, Hu. « Simulation of forming, compaction and consolidation of thermoplastic composites based on solid shell elements ». Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI085/document.
Texte intégralAs the pre-impregnated thermoplastic composites have recently attached increasing interest in the automotive industry for their excellent mechanical properties and their rapid cycle manufacturing process, modelling and numerical simulations of forming processes for composites parts with complex geometry is necessary to predict and optimize manufacturing practices. This thesis is devoted to modelling and simulation of the consolidation behavior during thermoplastic prepreg composites forming process. A new seven-node prismatic solid-shell element is proposed: six located at the apexes and the seventh sited at the center. A shear stain field is assumed to subdue transverse shear locking, the enhanced assumed strain method by addition of an extra displacement DOF from the central node and a reduced integration scheme are combined offering a linear varying strain field along the thickness direction to circumvent thickness locking, and an hourglass stabilization procedure is employed in order to correct the element’s rank deficiency for pinching. This element permits the modelling of three-dimensional constitutive behavior of thermoplastic prepreg with the consolidation effect, which is modelled by a viscoelastic relaxation model. An intimate contact model is employed to predict the evolution of the consolidation which permits the microstructure prediction of void presented through the prepreg. Within a hyperelastic framework, several simulation tests are launched by combining the new developed finite element and the consolidation models. The comparison with conventional shell element and experimental results shows the efficiency of the proposed solid-shell element not only dealing with the in-plan deformation and bending deformation problems, but also in analyzation of the consolidation behavior, and the degree of intimate contact provides the level of consolidation by applied process conditions, which is essential for the appearance of defects in final composite part
Burlon, Sébastien. « Modélisation numérique des mouvements du sol induits par des excavations et des injections de compensation ». Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-213.pdf.
Texte intégralOkyay, Umur Salih. « Etude expérimentale et numérique des transferts de charge dans un massif renforcé par inclusions rigides : application à des cas de chargements statiques et dynamiques ». Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAL0098.
Texte intégralThe soil reinforcement technique with rigid piles is an appropriate solution for most of engineering problems where the soil is compressible. The technique aims to transfer the loads of the structure to soli resistant and less-compressible soil layers. The load transfer is performed with the combination of rigid piles and an earth platform which is interposed between the rigid piles and the structure This earth platform has the advantage of transferring the load to the heads of rigid piles and minimizing the load on the compressible soil layer. Unlike deep foundations of structures, the rigid piles are not connected to the structure. The soil reinforcement technique with rigid piles is suitable for the structures like embankments, pavements, industrial areas, hydraulic treatment plants. These doctoral theses permits lo better understand the phenomena of load transfer mechanisms associated with rigid plies. Firstly, the mechanical behaviour of granular and treated soils has been investigated by laboratory tests. Then centrifuge tests were performed to understand the influence of the earth platform mechanical properties and geometric configuration of rigid piles on rigid load transfer mechanisms. Numerical approaches basin on finite element and finite difference are presented. The geometric parameters of rigid piles and mechanical characteristics of mattress distribution are investigated by a parametric study. The results of numerical modelling provide important information on the functioning mechanisms of rigid plies. The dynamic behaviour of rigid Inclusions is studied. The vertical and horizontal dynamic response of rigid piles is analyzed. A three-dimensional dynamic analysis of rigid piles is presented to understand the influence of the top and tip fixations on the dynamic behaviour of these rigid piles
Tavoni, Gaia. « Cell assemblies in neuronal recordings : identification and study through the inference of functional network models and statistical physics techniques ». Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0035/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis illustrates a research on cell assemblies, groups of closely connected, synchronously activating neurons, which are thought to be the units of memory. After a review of the main experimental and theoretical advances in this field, and of the techniques of statistical physics and inference for the study of interacting neurons, a new method to unveil cell assemblies from neuronal data is illustrated and applied to multi-electrode recordings in the prefrontal cortex of rats during performance of a task and during the preceding and following sleep epochs. The method is based on the inference of an Ising network of effective interactions between the neurons and on the simulation of the inferred model in the presence of a global uniform drive: as the drive increases, configurations of high activity (cell assemblies) are unveiled, which activate in the data on time scales of tens of ms, in the presence of transient stimuli. The assemblies are robust with respect to noise. Comparisonof the interaction networks and of the results of the simulations across the three experimental phases reveals empirical rules for the modification of cell assemblies. The inferred model is also exploited to estimate the reactivation (replay) of the cell assemblies during sleep, important for memory consolidation. Inference and sampling of a generalized linear model show that there is not a specific order of activation of the neurons in the groups. It is finally discussed an application of descriptive statistics to the study of synaptic plasticity of neurons in vitro in an optogenetic framework
Dinh, Anh Quan. « Étude sur modèle physique des mécanismes de transfert de charge dans les sols renforcés par inclusions rigides. Application au dimensionnement ». Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00517738.
Texte intégralBadaoui, M'Hammed. « Influence de l'hétérogénéité géologique et mécanique sur la réponse des sols multicouches ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462182.
Texte intégralMahnic̆-Kalamiza, Samo. « Effects of electrical and thermal pre-treatment on mass transport in biological tissue ». Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2247/document.
Texte intégralAn electric field of sufficient strength can cause an increase of conductivity and permeability of cell membrane. Effect is known as electroporation and is attributed to creation of aqueous pathways in the membrane. Quantifying mass transport in connection with electroporation of biological tissues is an important goal. The ability to fully comprehend transport processes has ramifications in improved juice extraction and improved selective extraction of compounds from plant cells, improved drug delivery, and solutions to environmental challenges. While electroporation is intensively investigated, there is a lack of models that can be used to model mass transport in complex structures such as biological tissues with relation to electroporation. This thesis presents an attempt at constructing a theoretical mathematical description – a model, for studying mass (and heat) transfer in electroporated tissue. The model was developed employing conservation and transport laws and enables coupling effects of electroporation to the membrane of individual cells with the resulting mass transport or heat transfer in tissue. An analytical solution has been found though the model can be extended with additional dependencies to account for the phenomenon of electroporation, and solved numerically. Thesis comprises five peer-reviewed papers describing electroporation in the food industry, model creation for the problem of diffusion, translation of the model to the mathematically-related case of juice expression, model validation, as well as suggestions for possible future development, extension, and generalization. An additional chapter is dedicated to transfer of heat in tissue
Colon, Joël Louis. « La consolidation des comptes de l'État : un modèle pour la France ». Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010311.
Texte intégralLigot, Stephanie. « Le risque de découverte des prix sur les marchés boursiers : aspects théoriques et empiriques ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E014.
Texte intégralThe thesis focusses on the impacts of the European Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) and its revisions (the MiFID II and the MiFIR) on the price discovery process. According to Schreiber and Schwartz (1986), the price discovery process is defined as the incorporation of new information into the prices of assets and the search for an equilibrium by the market participants. This key directive aims to increase competition and efficiency at the European level without neglecting investor protection by increasing transparency and by requiring a best execution policy for the execution of client orders from investment firms.The study specifically highlights the CAC40 stocks, which, with the implementation of the MiFID, can be exchanged outside the regulated domestic market (Euronext Paris). The directive has introduced Multilateral Trading Facilities (MTFs), Systematic Internalisers (SI) and Dark Pools as alternative trading venues.In absence of an overall consolidation of the European market and in presence of a spatial fragmentation of orders, there is a risk that some exchange places may receive more buy orders and others more sell orders. Technology should bind spatially fragmented markets; however, if enough of the order flow were removed from the regulated and transparent market, it would be unable to ensure the price discovery because the equilibrium prices and quantities would not befound by the overall market. In addition, even in the presence of a consolidated market at the spatial level, temporal fragmentation may still exist. […]The first chapter studies the challenges and the implications of the MiFID on the efficiency of the European financial markets. This research proposes a regulatory framework to assess the directive. A selection of the principal academic work in the microstructure research area has been carried out in order to identify the remaining unanswered issues and challenges for the current revision of the MIF. The second chapter proposes a literature review of the concept of price discovery by highlighting the principal theoretical, methodological and empirical academic research. The two main functions of a market are to provide liquidity and to allow price discovery. However, the price discovery function has often been a neglected regulatory objective in comparison to transparency and competition objectives. It is important to assess the impacts of fragmentation on the quality of the market after the implementation of the MiFID. The object of study is the price discovery accuracy in the post-crisis context of more high-frequency and algorithmic trading. At this level, the thesis first offers a quantification of the degree of spatial and temporal fragmentation of CAC40 shares in the post-MiFID context. This study shows an increase in fragmentation. Furthermore, the quality of the market is evaluated from a price discovery perspective through the study of an indicator developed by Ozenbas et al. (2002, 2011) called the normalised volatility ratio. The study confirms the existence of a price discovery risk at the opening of the market before and after the implementation of MiFID. The potential causes of price discovery accuracy have been studied using three types of variables that characterise each transaction. The number of ransactions and the proportion of high-frequency traders on the buy side for the first half-hour of the day are significant variables for price discovery accuracy. In the post-MiFID scenario, spatial fragmentation does not significantly affect the market quality of CAC40 shares. At this level, temporal fragmentation seems to be a greater determinant. […]
Kouawa, Tadjouwa. « Traitement des boues de vidange par lits de séchage sous climat soudano-sahélien ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD018/document.
Texte intégralDespite the bad performances sometimes obtained according to the context and the empirical method of design, the use of drying beds (planted and not planted) for the treatment of faecal sludge (FS) increase in West Africa. To access to treatment performances in local context (Ouagadougou), the monitoring of 13 experimental drying beds were done. Based on the Terzaghi consolidation equation, the development of a numerical model were done according 2 approaches. Regarding removal efficiency, the performances of treatment of sludge on drying beds were mitigated. The results demonstrate that Oryza longistaminata, Sporobolus pyramidalis and Cyperus alopecuroïdes cannot be used in sludge drying planted beds for the treatment of FS. The simulations with the model in the approach 1 were better than those in approach 2. However, the approach 2 can reproduce the trends of volumetric moisture, the trends of consolidation coefficient and permeability as a function of depth and as a function of time
Uguccioni, Ginevra. « La somniloquie : un modèle pour l'étude de la consolidation mnésique verbale pendant le sommeil ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066271/document.
Texte intégralAccording to the replay theory, sleep improves memory consolidation of recent learning through their reactivation. To test this hypothesis, we used the model of sleep-talking: the words uttered reflecting the mental content of the sleeper and the information he is proceeding. Sleep-talking occur frequently within the context of slow wave sleep (sleepwalking) or REM sleep parasomnias (RBD). We first showed how these two parasomnias corresponded to the setting gestures and words of the mental content of the sleeper, with predominance during slow wave sleep of dreams featuring disasters that sleepwalkers fleeing, and during REM sleep of dreams of attacks by animals or people that subjects counterattack. This supports the concept of evolutionary function of dreams as a virtual drive to “fight or flight” threats. Then, we used sleep-talking to test if a recent verbal was not only consolidated during sleep but also if some words were repeated while sleeping. We first showed that verbal memory consolidation related to sleep was preserved in sleepwalkers as in patients with RBD, even with dementia, compared with normal subjects. Then, we haven’t identified rehearsed sentences of the material learned the day before during slow wave sleep parasomnias, but we identified in a subject with RBD, a semantic component evoking a rehearse of the context of the learned history. Finally, we collected 883 verbatim during sleep and describes the acoustic-phonetic, prosodic and semantic aspects of sleep-talking
Don, Mello Ahoua. « Consolidation des sols fins saturés sous charges cycliques ». Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523187.
Texte intégralSailhan, Frédéric. « Etude des effets des Bone Morphogenic Proteins sur la phase de consolidation osseuse dans un modèle d'ostéogénèse en distraction ». Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077230.
Texte intégralDistraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique widely used in pediatric and adult orthopedic surgery for the treatment of various pathological conditions such as leg length discrepancy, bone deformity or large bone defects secondary to trauma, infection or bone resection for malignant bone tumors. Distraction osteogenesis is a bone-regenerative process in which gradual distraction yields two vascularised bone surfaces, from which new bone is formed. The new bone tissue will have architectural and mechanical characteristics of normal bone after remodelling has occurred. In clinical practice distraction osteogenesis is associated with a high rate of complications such as pseudarthrosis, delayed consolidation, infection and fractures. These events are correlated to the long period necessary to obtain efficient mineralization of the distracted callus. In clinical practice there is a burning need for enhancing the consolidation phase. Growth factors of the Bone Morphogenic Proteins (BMP) family have been shown to have osteoinductive capacities: they are able to induce bone formation in ectopic sites. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have been conducted in the past decades to define efficient therapeutic conditions for the use of recombinant BMPs in orthopedic disorders. This work was aimed at studying the effects of recombinant BMP on the consolidation phase in a long bone distraction osteogenesis model. Callus mineralization was monitored using radiographic, sonographic, densitometric and histologic analysis. Rh-BMP-7 (dose of 30jug/kg) was not able to accelerate mineralization of the regenerate as cysts developed within the calluses. Rh-BMP-2 (doses of 100 and 250^ig/kg) was efficient in stimulating bone mineralization of the regenerate. A dose effect was also identified on radiographic and densitometric parameters with the rh-BMP-2. Collagenic sponge carrier was identified as well adapted to clinical use in a distracted callus. This experimental work is a first step to the use of recombinant BMPs in clinical practice in the field of leg length discrepancy and bone loss surgical management. BMPs may help accelerating the consolidation phase thus reducing the morbidity associated with distraction osteogenesis procedures
Môme, Pierre-Félix. « Les comptes consolidés en Europe : émergence du modèle européen de la consolidation : problèmatique et mise en oeuvre dans le cadre de l'harmonisation internationale ». Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0032.
Texte intégralThe european legislator has harmonised the european accouting law but the modelisation actually used is partially in adequation with the objectifs of the law. The actual modelisation is unified in its principles but ununified in its implemetation. It is new because it anticipates the international accounting standards. The implementation of the actual modelisation is partially inefficient or at least unusefull to answer to the desires of the differents users of consolidated statements. It may useful to ameliorate the actual modelisation or even to propose a new one or at least to determine the qualities that an european modelisation of consolidation would have, looking to the fact that this modelisation would have to be efficient for the professionnels and in adequation with the generally accouting principles
Hatem, Alia. « Comportement en zone sismique des inclusions rigides : Analyse de l’interaction sol-inclusion-matelas de répartition – structure ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10097/document.
Texte intégralThis work includes an analysis of seismic behaviour of soft soil improved by vertical rigid inclusions. The study is conducted by using a three-dimensional finite-difference numerical modelling of soil-gravel layer-inclusions-structure interaction. Soil media is assumed to be elastoplastic with Rayleigh damping. The work is presented in three chapters. The first chapter deals with a review of the literature on research previously conducted on rigid inclusions and their behaviour in seismic areas. Firstly, the technology of soft soil improvement by vertical rigid inclusions, its domains of applications and methods of calculation under static loading are presented. Then, a synthesis of approaches used to evaluate soil-structure interaction under seismic loading is reviewed; we focus more precisely on methods concerned the grouped piles and rigid inclusions.The second chapter is devoted to the analysis of kinematic interaction of soil_gravel layer-inclusions-structure system. The analysis is performed using a global approach which consists of calculating the response of all elements composing the latter system under seismic loading. The analysis is carried out by a nonlinear three-dimensional numerical modelling of the soil reinforcement system. The chapter is divided into three parts. The first one outlines the used numerical model; the second presents an analysis of a soil reinforces by a group of four rigid inclusions. In the third part, we present a parametric study which covers the influence of main parameters on the seismic response of the rigid inclusions group.The last chapter is devoted to the study of the influence of the presence of structure on the soil-gravel layer-inclusion-structure interaction. The influence of major parameters is highlightened by a parametric study concerns the effect of geometric and mechanical characteristics of the gravel layer, inclusion rigidity, the inclusions-gravel layer connection conditions and the amplitude of the seismic loading. The chapter gives a comparison between the seismic behaviour of rigid inclusion (IR) to both column with mixed module (CMM) and a group of classical piles
Bogaert, Laurine. « Étude et modélisation du pressage continu des graines oléagineuses ». Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2393/document.
Texte intégralThis work was devoted to better understand the physical phenomena occurring during oilseeds expression in continuous screw presses and to develop a phenomenological model describing the compression behavior of the press cake along the screw. Experiments were conducted on canola seeds, using an instrumented pilot screw press (Reinartz, Germany). Two different screw arrangements were studied and compared in order to observe the influence of the geometry on the operating performances, the constraints development in the barrel and the press cake mechanical properties. Press monitoring provided accurate data about oil and cake flowrates, treatment capacity, extraction yield and specific energy consumption, for screw rotation speeds ranging between 0 and 18.2rpm. Pressure, deoiling and displacement velocity profiles were also determined for both arrangements to characterize the press operation. These data allowed to identify the alternation of compression and transport sections along the screw, possibly supplemented by oil reflux. A simplified representation was proposed, describing continuous pressing as a succession of multiple batch pressing steps. Based on the filtration/consolidation theory, the consolidation coefficient, compressibility modulus and press cake specific resistance were calculated in each compression sections. The press cake mechanical properties were finally used to develop a semi-empirical relation predicting the press oil flowrate and extraction yield. Experimental results fitted the estimated data with satisfactory accuracy
Almeida, Vanda. « Income inequality and the stabilising role of the tax and transfer system in times of crisis ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0194.
Texte intégralAggregate crises often bring tremendous economic disruptions, which may persist for many years. Understanding their consequences and how to effectively design crisis-coping policies is therefore of capital importance. The aggregate effects of crises and the stabilising role of macroeconomic policies have been significantly studied in the literature. Much less attention, however, has been given to the distributional effects of crises and even less to the possible interactions between these effects and the post-crisis evolution of aggregate outcomes. If a crisis-led increase in inequality can feedback into an anemic recovery of economic activity, then the tax and transfer system may have a role in stabilising not only the income distribution but also the macroeconomy. Understanding how the system may affect both distributional and aggregate developments in a crisis aftermath is therefore key. This thesis aims at shedding new light on these issues, using multiple methodologies and datasets both at the micro and macro level, applying both an empirical and theoretical approach.The first paper provides a detailed assessment of the evolution of income inequality and the redistributive effects of the tax and transfer system following the 2007-2008 crisis, in the US. Using a wide range of indicators, it looks at several sections of the income distribution and analyses the contribution of different components of the tax and transfer system. The second paper develops a new method to model the household disposable income distribution and decompose changes in this distribution over time, integrating both a microeconometric and microsimulation approach. It applies the method to the study of changes in the income distribution in Portugal following the 2007-2008 crisis, accounting for the effects of the crisis and of the aftermath fiscal stimulus and consolidation policies. The third paper develops a theoretical heterogeneous agents DSGE model, with both ex-ante and ex-post household heterogeneity and unemployment insurance. It presents the results of a first quantitative experiment, studying the distributional and aggregate effects of a crisis and the role of unemployment insurance in shaping these effects, under several hypothetical crisis scenarios.Several conclusions can be drawn from the results obtained in this thesis. First, aggregate crises may have substantial heterogeneous effects across the income distribution, being particularly penalising for lower income groups, and these effects may be highly persistent. Second, the tax and transfer system can crucially shape distributional developments following a crisis. A strong tax and transfer system may fully cushion a crisis-led increase in inequality, while a weak one may deepen it. Beyond the effects of automatic stabilisers, discretionary policy choices may have substantial effects. Third, not only the size but also the design of the tax and transfer system matters for its role in times of crisis. In particular, a more progressive instrument will have a higher stabilising effect than a flat one, both at the distributional and aggregate level. Fourth, policies aimed at stabilising aggregate outcomes in times of crisis may have significant "collateral" effects on the income distribution. In particular, the implementation of consolidation measures may reinforce income losses induced by the contractionary effects of the crisis and increase the heterogeneity of the effects of a crisis on households' incomes. Finally, household heterogeneity and social insurance matter for the transmission of an aggregate crisis to aggregate outcomes. A crisis will lead to a higher contraction of aggregate consumption in a world where there are both ex-ante and ex-post sources of household heterogeneity than in a world where there is only ex-post heterogeneity. Furthermore, a crisis will imply a smaller contraction of aggregate consumption in a world with social insurance than in a world without
Le, Van Cuong. « Étude sur modèle physique du renforcement des sols par colonnes en « Soil-Mix » : application aux plates-formes ferroviaires ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1029/document.
Texte intégralThe present work deals with the behaviour of soil-mix columns used to reinforce railway platforms in France. This research, mainly experimental, is based on a physical modelling approach. Two case studies have been conducted, the degradation of the local friction mobilized at the interface soil-column and the mechanical behaviour of the material “soil-mix” at young age under cyclic loading. Concerning the degradation of the local friction mobilized at the interface soil-column, an experimental program on a physical model has been carried out. A model of a column slice instrumented with load sensors within a mass of reconstituted silt has been developped. The main objective was to evaluate the local skin friction mobilized along the soil-mix column under monotonic and cyclic loading. The main point of interest was the evolution of skin friction under large number of cycles (100 000 cycles). The experimental program highlighted the influence of key parameters such as the cyclic displacement amplitude, the vertical stress applied to the soil sample, the loading direction. The results obtained show a good consistency with the results of the literature on steel piles in sand. In a second step, we studied the effect of cyclic loading on the behaviour of the material “soil-mix” during the first hours after the realization of the columns. This case is directly related to the railway context in which the constraint of traffic continuity is one strong request of SNCF. Tests on a simplified physical model have been carried out in order to study the mechanical behaviour of the material "soil mix" at 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h and 24 h after realization of the column and after 2000 loading cycles. It has been shown that the cyclic loading does not cause degradation of the "soil-mix" material. On the contrary, there is an increase of the unconfined compression strength, the higher as the column is loaded rapidly after its realization
Meftah, Khaled. « Mécanique des sols anisotropes : caractérisation de l'anisotropie des sols et prise en compte dans le calcul des ouvrages ». Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066413.
Texte intégralGrzyb-Faddoul, Anna Marta. « Numerical analysis of the reinforcement of existing foundations by the Soil Mixing technique ». Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0141/document.
Texte intégralThe aim of this work is to analyse the influence of soil reinforcement executed by the Soil Mixing method on the behaviour of shallow and deep foundations. Numerical investigation has been carried out - with the use of Finite Element (FE) analyses in ABAQUS - in an attempt to identify the mechanisms guiding the performance of supported foundations. To be able to use SM columns as the foundation’s improvement, it is necessary to fully understand their performance under applied static, axial load. Therefore, a set of simulations reproducing loading tests of single and group of columns have been carried out. Full and small scale tests have been modelled and their results compared with experimental observations. Good agreement between numerical predictions and measurements, confirms proper calibration of the chosen constitutive laws of: soils, columns and interactions between them. Moreover, this study has revealed that the SM column acts in a similar way to concrete pile, hence its behaviour is governed mainly by the interface. Afterwards, numerical modelling of small scale shallow foundation has been accomplished. Two kinds of reinforcement have been investigated. The first one consists of a single column situated centrally under the analysed footing. The second kind of improvement involves group of four SM columns. Two densities of soil have been analysed. The goal of the modelling is to identify the efficiency of the reinforcement in terms of: bearing capacity of the foundation and reduction of its vertical displacement. Despite significant difference between total forces borne by the foundation tested on soil with different densities, it has been found that the percentage of the total force that was taken by the soil is density independent. The influence of reinforcement executed by group of SM columns on a deep foundation has been studied. Numerical modelling of a theoretical, single pile, installed in homogeneous soil, has been carried out. The aim of the investigation is to detect the impact of parameters such as: pattern of reinforcing elements, horizontal distance between SM columns, vertical distance between columns’ heads and tip of the pile, diameter and length of SM elements, on the bearing capacity of the foundation. It has been found that the distance between columns and their diameter has the biggest influence on the borne force. However, the length of the reinforcement has shown the least significant influence
Payeur, Jean-Baptiste. « Modélisation du comportement d'un remblai en sol renforcé sous chargement ferroviaire de type TGV ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1104/document.
Texte intégralThis study focuses on the numerical modeling of the Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls behavior under High Speed Train (HST) loading. First, the state of the art in reinforced earth as well as in railway dynamics modeling is analyzed. Then we present results coming from the testing of a one-scale reinforced embankment submitted to harmonic loading. They indicate that tensile forces in reinforcements, stresses and displacements depend on loading frequency which is related to train speed. One proposes a 3D Finite Element Model (FEM) in order to numerically reproduce this experimentation. The numerical results fit reasonably well with the experimental ones, highlighting the great importance of the choice of the constitutive law for the soil, reinforcement and facing. The same model is used to locally investigate the soil/reinforcement interface behaviour during a harmonic loading in steady-state. The confining pressure presents significant variations along the reinforcement strip during the dynamic loading while tensile forces are less affected by the load. Nevertheless, the global interface stability remains acceptable compared to a static load. A second numerical model is proposed, which represents a bigger embankment. The multiphase model is used to represent the reinforced soil and moving coordinates are used to take into account the moving train. Theoretical developments of this model and its implementation into CESAR-LCPC FEM code are detailed. The results indicate that the train speed does not play a big role in the overall response of the structure, in the case of a stiff reinforcement comparable to the experimental one. If the embankment is weaker, the HST speed may be close to shear waves speed within the soil, which has significant consequences into the structure, particularly on the stability of the soil/reinforcement interface. Globally the experimental results and those coming from both numerical models present the same trends: the dynamic effect coming from the train passing leads to the in-crease of displacements and confining pressure close to the highest strips, while tensile forces are less affected by the load. This leads us to the conclusion that the train speed does not have a significant effect on the stability of MSE walls, at least for embankments having similar parameters than the experimental one. However these results strongly depend on the embankment geometry, the way to model the train and the parameters and constitutive laws chosen for the soil, the soil/reinforcement interface and the facing
Boucly-Norotte, Véronique. « Évolution des caractéristiques mécaniques et de la perméabilité de matériaux argileux sous l'effet de sollicitations thermiques ». Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1991. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569032.
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