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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Multi-particle entanglement »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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1

Linden, N., S. Popescu, and S. Popescu. "On Multi-Particle Entanglement." Fortschritte der Physik 46, no. 4-5 (1998): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3978(199806)46:4/5<567::aid-prop567>3.0.co;2-h.

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Brassard, Gilles, and Tal Mor. "Multi-particle entanglement via two-party entanglement." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 34, no. 35 (2001): 6807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/34/35/306.

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Reid, Margaret D., Qiong-Yi He, and Peter D. Drummond. "Entanglement and nonlocality in multi-particle systems." Frontiers of Physics 7, no. 1 (2012): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11467-011-0233-9.

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4

Ye, Liu, Chun-Mei Yao, and Guang-Can Guo. "The entanglement purification for entangled multi-particle states." Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics 4, no. 3 (2002): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4266/4/3/308.

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Forcer, T. M., A. J. G. Hey, D. A. Ross, and P. G. R. Smith. "Superposition, entanglement and quantum computation." Quantum Information and Computation 2, no. 2 (2002): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic2.2-1.

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The paper examines the roles played by superposition and entanglement in quantum computing. The analysis is illustrated by discussion of a "classical" electronic implementation of Grover's quantum search algorithm. It is shown explicitly that the absence of multi-particle entanglement leads to exponentially rising resources for implementing such quantum algorithms.

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Ungar, Abraham A. "A Spacetime Symmetry Approach to Relativistic Quantum Multi-Particle Entanglement." Symmetry 12, no. 8 (2020): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081259.

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A Lorentz transformation group SO(m, n) of signature (m, n), m, n ∈ N, in m time and n space dimensions, is the group of pseudo-rotations of a pseudo-Euclidean space of signature (m, n). Accordingly, the Lorentz group SO(1, 3) is the common Lorentz transformation group from which special relativity theory stems. It is widely acknowledged that special relativity and quantum theories are at odds. In particular, it is known that entangled particles involve Lorentz symmetry violation. We, therefore, review studies that led to the discovery that the Lorentz group SO(m, n) forms the symmetry group by which a multi-particle system of m entangled n-dimensional particles can be understood in an extended sense of relativistic settings. Consequently, we enrich special relativity by incorporating the Lorentz transformation groups of signature (m, 3) for all m ≥ 2. The resulting enriched special relativity provides the common symmetry group SO(1, 3) of the (1 + 3)-dimensional spacetime of individual particles, along with the symmetry group SO(m, 3) of the (m + 3)-dimensional spacetime of multi-particle systems of m entangled 3-dimensional particles, for all m ≥ 2. A unified parametrization of the Lorentz groups SO(m, n) for all m, n ∈ N, shakes down the underlying matrix algebra into elegant and transparent results. The special case when (m, n) = (1, 3) is supported experimentally by special relativity. It is hoped that this review article will stimulate the search for experimental support when (m, n) = (m, 3) for all m ≥ 2.

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Mandel, Olaf, Markus Greiner, Artur Widera, Tim Rom, Theodor W. Hänsch, and Immanuel Bloch. "Controlled collisions for multi-particle entanglement of optically trapped atoms." Nature 425, no. 6961 (2003): 937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02008.

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Abdel-Aty, M., J. Larson, H. Eleuch, and A. S. F. Obada. "Multi-particle entanglement of charge qubits coupled to a nanoresonator." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 43, no. 9 (2011): 1625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2011.05.010.

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Subrahmanyam, V. "Macroscopic multispecies entanglement near quantum phase transitions." Quantum Information and Computation 11, no. 1&2 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic11.1-2-1.

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Multi-Species entanglement, defined for a many-particle system as the entanglement between different species of particles, is shown to exist in the thermodynamic limit of the system size going to infinity. This macroscopic entanglement, as it can exhibit singular behavior, is capable of tracking quantum phase transitions. The entanglement between up and down spins has been analytically calculated for the one-dimensional Ising model in a transverse magnetic field. As the coupling strength is varied, the first derivative of the entanglement shows a jump discontinuity and the second derivative diverges near the quantum critical point.

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WANG, XIUWU, and XIAOHONG ZHANG. "QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT OF THREE ATOMS INDUCED BY FOCK STATE." International Journal of Modern Physics C 19, no. 05 (2008): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183108012492.

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In this paper, we study the quantum entanglement of three two-level atoms under the action of Fock state of a single-mode quantized radiation field. Milburn model is considered. Concurrence of the two atoms is given explicitly. As is expected, because of the intrinsic decoherence, Concurrence comes to a stationary value. A rule is summarized between this value and entanglement sudden death. As for the potential measurement of multi-particle entanglement, spin squeezing parameter is calculated.

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Li, Meiqi, Xiaoqing Tan, and Tingting Song. "Entanglement concentration for six-particle cluster states." International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, no. 10 (2021): 2150149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221501496.

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Multi-particle cluster states play a significant role in quantum information processing. However, due to the inevitable interaction with the environment in the transmission process, the fidelity of entanglement decreases. To distill the perfect cluster states, we present two schemes for arbitrary six-particle cluster states. POVM local unitary operators that are obtained by solving the equation according to the properties of cluster states are used in the first protocol. The second protocol is based on cross-Kerr nonlinearity which is exploited to check parity between original qubit with ancillary single qubit and it can achieve a higher probability of success through iteration. Furthermore, we can generalize the first method to concentrate entanglement on even number of particles. Our protocol will be useful in practical applications.

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Zhao, Jiaqiang, Meijiao Wang, Lianzhen Cao, et al. "Experimental Investigation of the Robustness of a New Bell-Type Inequality of Triphoton GHZ States in Open Systems." Entropy 23, no. 11 (2021): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111514.

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Knowing the level of entanglement robustness against quantum bit loss or decoherence mechanisms is an important issue for any application of quantum information. Fidelity of states can be used to judge whether there is entanglement in multi-particle systems. It is well known that quantum channel security in QKD can be estimated by measuring the robustness of Bell-type inequality against noise. We experimentally investigate a new Bell-type inequality (NBTI) in the three-photon Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states with different levels of spin-flip noise. The results show that the fidelity and the degree of violation of the NBTI decrease monotonically with the increase of noise intensity. They also provide a method to judge whether there is entanglement in three-particle mixed states.

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Wu, Wei, and Jin Wang. "Wave–Particle–Entanglement–Ignorance Complementarity for General Bipartite Systems." Entropy 22, no. 8 (2020): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22080813.

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Wave–particle duality as the defining characteristic of quantum objects is a typical example of the principle of complementarity. The wave–particle–entanglement (WPE) complementarity, initially developed for two-qubit systems, is an extended form of complementarity that combines wave–particle duality with a previously missing ingredient, quantum entanglement. For two-qubit systems in mixed states, the WPE complementarity was further completed by adding yet another piece that characterizes ignorance, forming the wave–particle–entanglement–ignorance (WPEI) complementarity. A general formulation of the WPEI complementarity can not only shed new light on fundamental problems in quantum mechanics, but can also have a wide range of experimental and practical applications in quantum-mechanical settings. The purpose of this study is to establish the WPEI complementarity for general multi-dimensional bipartite systems in pure or mixed states, and extend its range of applications to incorporate hierarchical and infinite-dimensional bipartite systems. The general formulation is facilitated by well-motivated generalizations of the relevant quantities. When faced with different directions of extensions to take, our guiding principle is that the formulated complementarity should be as simple and powerful as possible. We find that the generalized form of the WPEI complementarity contains unequal-weight averages reflecting the difference in the subsystem dimensions, and that the tangle, instead of the squared concurrence, serves as a more suitable entanglement measure in the general scenario. Two examples, a finite-dimensional bipartite system in mixed states and an infinite-dimensional bipartite system in pure states, are studied in detail to illustrate the general formalism. We also discuss our results in connection with some previous work. The WPEI complementarity for general finite-dimensional bipartite systems may be tested in multi-beam interference experiments, while the second example we studied may facilitate future experimental investigations on complementarity in infinite-dimensional bipartite systems.

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Hu, Lian. "Efficient scheme to produce multi-particle entanglement with superconducting charge qubits." Physics Letters A 354, no. 5-6 (2006): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2006.01.074.

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Zhang, Chuan-Lin, Chuan Wang, Cong Cao, and Ru Zhang. "Multi-particle Entanglement Generation Using Quantum-Dot Spin and Optical Microcavity System." Chinese Physics Letters 29, no. 7 (2012): 070305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/29/7/070305.

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Chang-Yong, Chen, Li Shao-Hua, and Gao Ke-Lin. "Scheme for Robust Storage of Multi-particle Entanglement with a Cavity QED System." Communications in Theoretical Physics 46, no. 4 (2006): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/46/4/011.

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KOK, PIETER, and SAMUEL L. BRAUNSTEIN. "RELATIVISTIC QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING WITH BOSONIC AND FERMIONIC INTERFEROMETERS." International Journal of Quantum Information 04, no. 01 (2006): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749906001736.

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We derive the relativistic transformation laws for the annihilation operators of the scalar field, the massive spin-1 vector field, the electromagnetic field and the spinor field. The technique developed here involves straightforward mathematical techniques based on fundamental quantum field theory, and is applicable to the study of entanglement in arbitrary coordinate transformations. In particular, it predicts particle creation for non-inertial motion. Furthermore, we present a unified description of relativistic transformations and multi-particle interferometry with bosons and fermions, which encompasses linear optical quantum computing.

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ARZANO, MICHELE, ALIOSCIA HAMMA, and SIMONE SEVERINI. "HIDDEN ENTANGLEMENT AND UNITARITY AT THE PLANCK SCALE." Modern Physics Letters A 25, no. 06 (2010): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310032603.

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Attempts to go beyond the framework of local quantum field theory include scenarios in which the action of external symmetries on the quantum fields Hilbert space is deformed. We show how the Fock spaces of such theories exhibit a richer structure in their multi-particle sectors. When the deformation scale is proportional to the Planck energy, such new structure leads to the emergence of a "planckian" mode-entanglement, invisible to an observer that cannot probe the Planck scale. To the same observer, certain unitary processes would appear non-unitary. We show how entanglement transfer to the additional degrees of freedom can provide a potential way out of the black hole information paradox.

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Weiss, C., and N. Teichmann. "Bose-Einstein condensates in a double well: Mean-field chaos and multi-particle entanglement." Laser Physics 19, no. 4 (2009): 673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054660x09040227.

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Ji, Yan-Qiang, Zhao Jin, Ai-Dong Zhu, Hong-Fu Wang, and Shou Zhang. "Complete hyperentangled state analysis and generation of multi-particle entanglement based on charge detection." Chinese Physics B 23, no. 5 (2014): 050306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/23/5/050306.

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Zhang, Wei, Zhenbang Rong, Zhiming Huang, and Shenggen Zheng. "A Novel Quantum Broadcasting Multiple Blind Signature Scheme Based on Multi-Particle Partial Entanglement." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 58, no. 8 (2019): 2744–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-019-04163-y.

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Song, Ke-Hui, Yun-Kun Jiang, Bao-Sen Shi, and Guang-Can Guo. "Establishment of multi-particle entanglement between particles located at different nodes of a communication network." Physics Letters A 264, no. 4 (1999): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(99)00779-3.

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SHUKLA, CHITRA, ANIRBAN PATHAK, and R. SRIKANTH. "BEYOND THE GOLDENBERG–VAIDMAN PROTOCOL: SECURE AND EFFICIENT QUANTUM COMMUNICATION USING ARBITRARY, ORTHOGONAL, MULTI-PARTICLE QUANTUM STATES." International Journal of Quantum Information 10, no. 08 (2012): 1241009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749912410092.

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It is shown that maximally efficient protocols for secure direct quantum communications can be constructed using any arbitrary orthogonal basis. This establishes that no set of quantum states (e.g. GHZ states, W states, Brown states or Cluster states) has an advantage over the others, barring the relative difficulty in physical implementation. The work provides a wide choice of states for experimental realization of direct secure quantum communication protocols. We have also shown that this protocol can be generalized to a completely orthogonal-state-based protocol of Goldenberg–Vaidman (GV) type. The security of these protocols essentially arises from duality and monogamy of entanglement. This stands in contrast to protocols that employ nonorthogonal states, like Bennett–Brassard 1984 (BB84), where the security essentially comes from noncommutativity in the observable algebra.

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He, Ling-yan, Cong Cao, and Chuan Wang. "Entanglement concentration for multi-particle partially entangled W state using nitrogen vacancy center and microtoroidal resonator system." Optics Communications 298-299 (July 2013): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2013.02.031.

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Kuznetsov, Vladimir. "Shock-wave model of the earthquake and Poincaré quantum theorem give an insight into the aftershock physics." E3S Web of Conferences 62 (2018): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186203006.

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A fundamentally new model of aftershocks evident from the shock-wave model of the earthquake and Poincaré Recurrence Theorem [H. Poincare, Acta Mathematica 13, 1 (1890)] is proposed here. The authors (Recurrences in an isolated quantum many-body system, Science 2018) argue that the theorem should be formulated as “Complex systems return almost exactly into their initial state”. For the first time, this recurrence theorem has been demonstrated with complex quantum multi-particle systems. Our shock-wave model of an earthquake proceeds from the quantum entanglement of protons in hydrogen bonds of lithosphere material. Clearly aftershocks are quantum phenomena which mechanism follows the recurrence theorem.

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Fu, Shuangshuang, and Shunlong Luo. "From wave-particle duality to wave-particle-mixedness triality: an uncertainty approach." Communications in Theoretical Physics 74, no. 3 (2022): 035103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ac53a2.

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Abstract The wave-particle duality, as a manifestation of Bohr’s complementarity, is usually quantified in terms of path predictability and interference visibility. Various characterizations of the wave-particle duality have been proposed from an operational perspective, most of them are in forms of inequalities, and some of them are expressed in forms of equalities by incorporating entanglement or coherence. In this work, we shed different insights into the nature of the wave-particle duality by casting it into a form of information conservation in a multi-path interferometer, with uncertainty as a unified theme. More specifically, by employing the simple yet fundamental concept of variance, we establish a resolution of unity, which can be interpreted as a complementarity relation among wave feature, particle feature, and mixedness of a quantum state. This refines or reinterprets some conventional approaches to wave-particle duality, and highlights informational aspects of the issue. The key idea of our approach lies in that a quantum state, as a Hermitian operator, can also be naturally regarded as an observable, with measurement uncertainty (in a state) and state uncertainty (in a measurement) being exploited to quantify particle feature and wave feature of a quantum state, respectively. These two kinds of uncertainties, although both are defined via variance, have fundamentally different properties and capture different features of a state. Together with the mixedness, which is a kind of uncertainty intrinsic to a quantum state, they add up to unity, and thus lead to a characterization of the wave-particle-mixedness complementarity. This triality relation is further illustrated by examples and compared with some popular wave-particle duality or triality relations.

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Li, Yuancheng, Chaohang Yu, Qingle Wang, and Jiangshan Liu. "Quantum communication for sender anonymity based on single-particle with collective detection." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (2021): 125118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac3ef8.

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Abstract Nowadays, identity protection has turned into a fundamental demand for online activities. Currently, the present quantum anonymous communication protocols mostly rely on multi-entanglement. In this paper, we propose an anonymous communication protocol for anonymous sender by using single-particle states. The protocol can be extended to a communication protocol where the sender and receiver are fully anonymous with the message kept secret. In terms of security, our protocol is designed to comply with the technique of collective detection. Compared to the step-by-step detection, collective detection, in which the participants perform detection only once, reduces the complexity of the protocol to some extent. Moreover, we analytically demonstrate the security of the protocol in the face of active attacks. Any active attack employed by an external or internal attacker cannot reveal any useful information about the sender’s identity. Meanwhile, any malicious behavior will be detected by honest participants.

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Diazdelacruz, Jose. "Entropy Distribution in a Quantum Informational Circuit of Tunable Szilard Engines." Entropy 21, no. 10 (2019): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21100980.

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This paper explores the possibility of extending the existing model of a single-particle Quantum Szilard Engine to take advantage of some features of quantum information for driving typical mechanical systems. It focuses on devices that output mechanical work, extracting energy from a single thermal reservoir at the cost of increasing the entropy of a qubit; the reverse process is also considered. In this alternative, several engines may share the information carried by the same qubit, although its interception will prove completely worthless for any illegitimate user. To this end, multi-partite quantum entanglement is employed. Besides, some changes in the cycle of the standard single-particle Quantum Szilard Engine are described, which lend more flexibility to meeting additional requirements in typical mechanical systems. The modifications allow having qubit input and output states of adjustable entropy. This feature enables the possibility of chaining the qubit between engines so that its output state from one can be used as an input state for another. Finally, another tweak is presented that allows for tuning the average output force of the engine.

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Li, Zhihui, Xue Jiang, and Lu Liu. "Multi-Party Quantum Secret Sharing Based on GHZ State." Entropy 24, no. 10 (2022): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24101433.

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In this paper, we propose an efficient multi-party quantum secret sharing scheme based on GHZ entangled state. The participants in this scheme are divided into two groups, and share secrets as a group. There is no need to exchange any measurement information between the two groups, reducing the security problems caused by the communication process. Each participant holds one particle from each GHZ state; it can be found that the particles of each GHZ state are related after measuring them, and the eavesdropping detection can detect external attacks based on this characteristic. Furthermore, since the participants within the two groups encode the measured particles, they can recover the same secrets. Security analysis shows that the protocol can resist the intercept-and-resend attack and entanglement measurement attack, and the simulation results show that the probability of an external attacker being detected is proportional to the amount of information he can obtain. Compared with the existing protocols, this proposed protocol is more secure, has less quantum resources and is more practical.

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Li, Dongfen, Yundan Zheng, Xiaofang Liu, et al. "Hierarchical Quantum Information Splitting of an Arbitrary Two-Qubit State Based on a Decision Tree." Mathematics 10, no. 23 (2022): 4571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10234571.

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Quantum informatics is a new subject formed by the intersection of quantum mechanics and informatics. Quantum communication is a new way to transmit quantum states through quantum entanglement, quantum teleportation, and quantum information splitting. Based on the research of multiparticle state quantum information splitting, this paper innovatively combines the decision tree algorithm of machine learning with quantum communication to solve the problem of channel particle allocation in quantum communication, and experiments showed that the algorithm can make the optimal allocation scheme. Based on this scheme, we propose a two-particle state hierarchical quantum information splitting scheme based on the multi-particle state. First, Alice measures the Bell states of the particles she owns and tells the result to the receiver through the classical channel. If the receiver is a high-level communicator, he only needs the help of one of the low-level communicators and all the high-level communicators. After performing a single particle measurement on the z-basis, they send the result to the receiver through the classical channel. When the receiver is a low-level communicator, all communicators need to measure the particles they own and tell the receiver the results. Finally, the receiver performs the corresponding unitary operation according to the received results. In this regard, a complete hierarchical quantum information splitting operation is completed. On the basis of theoretical research, we also carried out experimental verification, security analysis, and comparative analysis, which shows that our scheme is reliable and has high security and efficiency.

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Zhuang, Min, Jiahao Huang, and Chaohong Lee. "Entanglement-enhanced test proposal for local Lorentz-symmetry violation via spinor atoms." Quantum 6 (November 14, 2022): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-11-14-859.

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Invariance under Lorentz transformations is fundamental to both the standard model and general relativity. Testing Lorentz-symmetry violation (LSV) via atomic systems attracts extensive interests in both theory and experiment. In several test proposals, the LSV violation effects are described as a local interaction and the corresponding test precision can asymptotically reach the Heisenberg limit via increasing quantum Fisher information (QFI), but the limited resolution of collective observables prevents the detection of large QFI. Here, we propose a multimode many-body quantum interferometry for testing the LSV parameter &#x03BA; via an ensemble of spinor atoms. By employing an N-atom multimode GHZ state, the test precision can attain the Heisenberg limit &#x0394;&#x03BA;&#x221D;1/(F2N) with the spin length F and the atom number N. We find a realistic observable (i.e. practical measurement process) to achieve the ultimate precision and analyze the LSV test via an experimentally accessible three-mode interferometry with Bose condensed spin-1 atoms for example. By selecting suitable input states and unitary recombination operation, the LSV parameter &#x03BA; can be extracted via realizable population measurement. Especially, the measurement precision of the LSV parameter &#x03BA; can beat the standard quantum limit and even approach the Heisenberg limit via spin mixing dynamics or driving through quantum phase transitions. Moreover, the scheme is robust against nonadiabatic effect and detection noise. Our test scheme may open up a feasible way for a drastic improvement of the LSV tests with atomic systems and provide an alternative application of multi-particle entangled states.

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Gevorkyan, Ashot. "Quantum Vacuum: The Structure of Empty Space–Time and Quintessence with Gauge Symmetry Group SU(2) ⊗ U(1)." Particles 2, no. 2 (2019): 281–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/particles2020019.

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We consider the formation of structured and massless particles with spin 1, by using the Yang–Mills-like stochastic equations system for the group symmetry S U ( 2 ) ⊗ U ( 1 ) without taking into account the nonlinear term characterizing self-action. We prove that, in the first phase of relaxation, as a result of multi-scale random fluctuations of quantum fields, massless particles with spin 1, further referred as hions, are generated in the form of statistically stable quantized structures, which are localized on 2D topological manifolds. We also study the wave state and the geometrical structure of the hion when as a free particle and, accordingly, while it interacts with a random environment becoming a quasi-particle with a finite lifetime. In the second phase of relaxation, the vector boson makes spontaneous transitions to other massless and mass states. The problem of entanglement of two hions with opposite projections of the spins + 1 and − 1 and the formation of a scalar zero-spin boson are also thoroughly studied. We analyze the properties of the scalar field and show that it corresponds to the Bose–Einstein (BE) condensate. The scalar boson decay problems, as well as a number of features characterizing the stability of BE condensate, are also discussed. Then, we report on the structure of empty space–time in the context of new properties of the quantum vacuum, implying on the existence of a natural quantum computer with complicated logic, which manifests in the form of dark energy. The possibilities of space–time engineering are also discussed.

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Ablikim, M., M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, et al. "Probing CP symmetry and weak phases with entangled double-strange baryons." Nature 606, no. 7912 (2022): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04624-1.

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AbstractThough immensely successful, the standard model of particle physics does not offer any explanation as to why our Universe contains so much more matter than antimatter. A key to a dynamically generated matter–antimatter asymmetry is the existence of processes that violate the combined charge conjugation and parity (CP) symmetry1. As such, precision tests of CP symmetry may be used to search for physics beyond the standard model. However, hadrons decay through an interplay of strong and weak processes, quantified in terms of relative phases between the amplitudes. Although previous experiments constructed CP observables that depend on both strong and weak phases, we present an approach where sequential two-body decays of entangled multi-strange baryon–antibaryon pairs provide a separation between these phases. Our method, exploiting spin entanglement between the double-strange Ξ− baryon and its antiparticle2$${\bar{{\Xi }}}^{+}$$ Ξ ¯ + , has enabled a direct determination of the weak-phase difference, (ξP − ξS) = (1.2 ± 3.4 ± 0.8) × 10−2 rad. Furthermore, three independent CP observables can be constructed from our measured parameters. The precision in the estimated parameters for a given data sample size is several orders of magnitude greater than achieved with previous methods3. Finally, we provide an independent measurement of the recently debated Λ decay parameter αΛ (refs. 4,5). The $${\Lambda }\bar{{\Lambda }}$$ Λ Λ ¯ asymmetry is in agreement with and compatible in precision to the most precise previous measurement4.

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Choudhury, Binayak S., and Soumen Samanta. "A multi-hop teleportation protocol of arbitrary four-qubit states through intermediate nodes." International Journal of Quantum Information 16, no. 03 (2018): 1850026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749918500260.

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Teleportation processes over long distances become affected by the almost inevitable existence of noise which interferes with the entangled quantum channels. In view of this, intermediate nodes are introduced in the scheme. These nodes are connected in series through quantum entanglement. In this paper, we present a protocol for transferring an entangled four-particle cluster-type state in an integrated manner through the intermediate nodes. Its efficiency and advantage over the corresponding part by part teleportation process is discussed.

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Novotný, J., M. Štefaňák, and V. Košt’ák. "Multi-Particle Universal Processes." Acta Polytechnica 45, no. 5 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/766.

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We generalize bipartite universal processes to the subclass of multi-particle universal processes from one to N particles. We show how the general statement for a multi-particle universal process can be constructed. The one-parameter family of processes generating totally anti-symmetric states has been generalized to a multi-particle regime and its entanglement properties have been studied. A view is given on the complete positivity and the possible physical realization of universal processes.

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36

Luo, Yu, Fu-Gang Zhang, and Yongming Li. "Entanglement distribution in multi-particle systems in terms of unified entropy." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01286-2.

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37

Calixto, Manuel, Alberto Mayorgas, and Julio Guerrero. "Entanglement and U(D)-spin squeezing in symmetric multi-quDit systems and applications to quantum phase transitions in Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick D-level atom models." Quantum Information Processing 20, no. 9 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11128-021-03218-6.

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AbstractCollective spin operators for symmetric multi-quDit (namely identical D-level atom) systems generate a U(D) symmetry. We explore generalizations to arbitrary D of SU(2)-spin coherent states and their adaptation to parity (multi-component Schrödinger cats), together with multi-mode extensions of NOON states. We write level, one- and two-quDit reduced density matrices of symmetric N-quDit states, expressed in the last two cases in terms of collective U(D)-spin operator expectation values. Then, we evaluate level and particle entanglement for symmetric multi-quDit states with linear and von Neumann entropies of the corresponding reduced density matrices. In particular, we analyze the numerical and variational ground state of Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick models of 3-level identical atoms. We also propose an extension of the concept of SU(2)-spin squeezing to SU(D) and relate it to pairwise D-level atom entanglement. Squeezing parameters and entanglement entropies are good markers that characterize the different quantum phases, and their corresponding critical points, that take place in these interacting D-level atom models.

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38

Yang, Guang, Lei Xing, Min Nie, Yuan-Hua Liu, and Mei-Ling Zhang. "Hierarchical simultaneous entanglement swapping for multi-hop quantum communication based on multi-particle entangled states." Chinese Physics B, December 1, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/abcf3d.

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39

Zhao, Yajuan, Rui Zhang, Wenlan Chen, Xiang-Bin Wang, and Jiazhong Hu. "Creation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states with thousands of atoms by entanglement amplification." npj Quantum Information 7, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00364-8.

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AbstractWe propose an entanglement-creation scheme in a multi-atom ensemble trapped in an optical cavity, named entanglement amplification, converting unentangled states into entangled states and amplifying less-entangled ones to maximally entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states whose fidelity is logarithmically dependent on the atom number and robust against common experimental noises. The scheme starts with a multi-atom ensemble initialized in a coherent spin state. By shifting the energy of a particular Dicke state, we break the Hilbert space of the ensemble into two isolated subspaces to tear the coherent spin state into two components so that entanglement is introduced. After that, we utilize the isolated subspaces to further enhance the entanglement by coherently separating the two components. By single-particle Rabi drivings on atoms in a high-finesse optical cavity illuminated by a single-frequency light, 2000-atom GHZ states can be created with a fidelity above 80% in an experimentally achievable system, making resources of ensembles at Heisenberg limit practically available for quantum metrology.

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40

Sun, Chuan. "Probing quantum entanglement and collectivity effects in e+p collisions at HERA H1." SciPost Physics Proceedings, no. 8 (July 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.21468/scipostphysproc.8.147.

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Charged particle multiplicity spectra are measured at HERA H1 in DIS process at \sqrt{s}s=319 GeV. The hadron entropy determined from the multiplicity spectra is compared to the gluon entropy predicted from a quantum-entanglement model. On the other hand, observed collective behaviours in high multiplicity ppA, pppp and ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at RHIC and LHC motivate a study in epep collisions. Two- and multi-particle correlations are studied in DIS, as well as photoproduction events with collision energy \left\langle W_{\gamma p} \right \rangle \sim⟨Wγp⟩∼270 GeV.

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Jacquet, Maxime, and Friedrich Koenig. "The influence of spacetime curvature on quantum emission in optical analogues to gravity." SciPost Physics Core 3, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21468/scipostphyscore.3.1.005.

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Quantum fluctuations on curved spacetimes cause the emission of pairs of particles from the quantum vacuum, as in the Hawking effect from black holes. We use an optical analogue to gravity to investigate the influence of the curvature on quantum emission. Due to dispersion, the spacetime curvature varies with frequency here. We analytically calculate for all frequencies the particle flux, correlations and entanglement. We find that horizons increase the flux with a characteristic spectral shape. The photon number correlations transition from multi- to two-mode, with close to maximal entanglement. The quantum state is a diagnostic for the mode conversion in laboratory tests of quantum field theory on curved spacetimes.

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Badhani, Himanshu, and C. M. Chandrashekar. "Gravitationally induced entanglement dynamics between two quantum walkers." European Physical Journal C 81, no. 5 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09243-0.

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AbstractQuantum walk is a synonym for multi-path interference and faster spread of a particle in a superposition of position space. We study the effects of a quantum mechanical interaction modeled to mimic quantum mechanical gravitational interaction between the two states of the walkers. The study has been carried out to investigate the entanglement generation between the two quantum walkers that do not otherwise interact. We see that the states do in fact get entangled more and more as the quantum walks unfold, and there is an interesting dependence of entanglement generation on the mass of the two particles performing the walks. With the introduction of noise into the dynamics, we also show the sensitivity of entanglement between the two walkers on the noise introduced in one of the walks. The signature of quantum effects due to gravitational interactions highlights the potential role of quantum systems in probing the nature of gravity.

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Switzer, Eric Davidson, Xiaoguang Zhang, and Talat Shanaz Rahman. "Electronic control and switching of entangled spin state using anisotropy and exchange in the three-particle paradigm." Journal of Physics Communications, July 4, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ac7e1d.

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Abstract We explore the control and switching of the entangled spin states of multi-spin qubit coupled to an electron using a three-particle spin model described by S i (i = 1,2,3), in which S1 = ½ is an electron and S2,3 can have any spin with both exchange coupling and magnetic anisotropy. We derive a general formula for the existence of a switching (DJ) resonance for any spin S2,3. We further contrast the entanglement switching mechanisms for the S2,3 = ½ and S2,3 = 1 spin models. We find that while the onsite magnetic anisotropy in the case of S2,3 > ½ allows full control of their spin states via interaction with S1, in order to achieve acceptable control of a Bloch vector within the S2,3 = ½ model, additional mechanisms, such as anisotropic exchange coupling, are required.

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Lian, Jiang-Yuan, Xia Li, and Tian-Yu Ye. "Multi-party quantum private comparison of size relationship with two third parties based on d-dimensional Bell states." Physica Scripta, January 25, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/acb61f.

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Abstract In this paper, we put forward a multi-party quantum private comparison (MQPC) protocol with two semi-honest third parties (TPs) by adopting d-dimensional Bell states, which can judge the size relationship of private integers from more than two users within one execution of protocol. Each TP is permitted to misbehave on her own but cannot collude with others. In the proposed MQPC protocol, TPs are only required to apply d-dimensional single-particle measurements rather than d-dimensional Bell state measurements. There are no quantum entanglement swapping and unitary operations required in the proposed MQPC protocol. The security analysis validates that the proposed MQPC protocol can resist both the outside attacks and the participant attacks. The proposed MQPC protocol is adaptive for the case that users want to compare the size relationship of their private integers under the control of two supervisors. Furthermore, the proposed MQPC protocol can be used in the strange user environment, because there are not any communication and pre-shared key between each pair of users.

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Sun Si-Tong, Ding Ying-Xing, and Liu Wu-Ming. "Progress in quantum precision measurements based on linear and nonlinear interferometers." Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20220425.

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Quantum precision measurement is based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics, using the interaction between light, atoms and magnetism to measure physical quantities, also known as precision measurements based on microscopic particle systems and their quantum states. As an important means of quantum precision measurement, interferometer precision measurement technology has great application value in quantum communication. The linear interferometer measures the magnitude of the physical quantity using the phase change obtained from the measurements, but measurement accuracy is limited, Unable to meet the requirements of today's scientific problems for the precision measurement of some physical quantities. On this basis, Nonlinear interferometer is able to take advantage of the quantum entangled state, that is, between the two light field of quantum correlation characteristics to realize quantum enhanced precision measurement, thus greatly improve the measurement sensitivity, Therefore, the scope of application is wider, but the preparation of quantum entangled states has many limitations in practical applications. With the maturity of experimental conditions and technology, how to use both of these interferometers to further improve the measurement accuracy of the phase signal, so as to break the limitation to shot noise, breaking the standard quantum limit and even approaching the Heisenberg limit has become a frontier topic of research. This paper describes several methods to improve the accuracy of parameter evaluation in the measurement process by using linear (Including an atomic / photon interferometer) and nonlinear interferometer to call quantum resources at different stages. High-precision measurement can be achieved by inputting non-classical states into the interferometer, such as compressed state, bi-fock state, NOON state, etc. And also introduced the weak measurement developed for the direct observation of quantum states and Application in non-Hermitian systems, as well as the multiparameter measurement proposed to eliminate the accuracy balance between parameters are introduced. Compared with the first two measurement methods, weak measurement is based on the weak value amplification principle of an indirect measurement, Measurements are performed virtually without perturbing the quantum system, will not lead to wave function collapse, the weak value of the real and virtual part has different physical significance, The combination of weak measurement theory and non-Hermitian systems also further improves the measurement sensitivity. Multi-parameter measurement uses quantum entanglement, quantum control and other quantum resources to make the measurement progress reach the Heisenberg limit, which is the current research hotspot in the field of precision measurement. Furthermore, we present a conjecture whether there will be multi-atomic mixing measurements based on atomic spin effects or ultra-high sensitivity measurement instruments with precision of fT or even aT using other particles detection. Finally, several measurement methods are analyzed and compared, and the development prospect of quantum precision measurement is forecasted.

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Xu, Peng, Dong Wang, Liu Ye, and Yang Yu. "Preparation and transmission of diversified multi-particle entanglements with spatially separate cavities." European Physical Journal D 69, no. 6 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2015-60030-y.

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