Articles de revues : « Nail makers »

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Phillips, Maureen K. « Mechanic Geniuses and Duckies Redux : Nail Makers and Their Machines ». APT Bulletin 27, n^o 1/2 (1996) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1504500.

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Anita, Anita, et Feby Junindar. « STUDI LITERATUR : IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR DERMATOPHYTA PADA PENGRAJIN BATAKO ». Lontara Journal of Health Science and Technology 3, n^o 1 (14 juin 2022) : 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53861/lontarariset.v3i1.265.

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A brick maker is someone who works as a brick maker and has skills related to certain crafts. Workers who make bricks and do not pay attention to the use of personal protective equipment such as boots and gloves so that the range of workers is in direct contact with sand and water. Sand and water can increase the risk of fungal infections because sand and water are factors that trigger fungal growth, one of which is on nails. The fungi that often infect nails are dermatophytes. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence or absence of dermatophyte fungi present in the nail samples of brick makers. This research is a literature study that aims to utilize library sources to obtain data. The samples studied were journals, articles, and books related to the type of dermatophyte fungi with a total of 10 literatures. The method used in this study was a literature study. The results were obtained based on the results of a review of 10 literatures. From 142 samples, 75 samples were found that were positive for dermatophytes, with the types of fungi consisting of Trichophyton rubrum (20%), Trichophyton mentagtophytes (20%), and Epidermophyton floccosum (13%). So it can be concluded that from the average results, 53% of dermatophyte fungi were found in the nail samples of brick craftsmen.

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Iobst, Christopher, Søren Kold et Mindaugas Mikuzis. « Removal of Femoral Lengthening Nails ». Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America 4, n^o 2 (1 mai 2022) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55275/jposna-2022-0031.

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There is an orthopaedic adage that states, “No surgeon ever looks good taking out hardware.” This simple statement illustrates the frustration many of us have felt when faced with a hardware removal case. Since all internal lengthening nails are recommended for removal at the completion of treatment, any surgeon considering a patient for internal lengthening will eventually encounter a nail removal opportunity. As part of our limb reconstruction practices, the authors have removed hundreds of internal lengthening nails. We have developed techniques through trial and error over time to streamline and simplify the nail removal process. The goal of this article is to share our experience with you in the hopes that it makes your internal lengthening nail removal surgery as smooth and painless as possible.

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Ali, Jazib Muhammad. « A comparative Analysis of Pure Bufflow and Cow Milk : Pespetive from Pakistan ». Journal of Agriculture 6, n^o 2 (20 novembre 2022) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4106.

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Buffalo is assuming a main job in the national economy by creating milk, meat and draft power. Out of all out milk delivered in the nation, buffalo contributes around 68 %, trailed by steers (27%) and sheep/goat/camel (5%). Because of high fat substance of bison milk, it is the most favored species in Pakistan. In any case, there are sure issues identified with this species, for example, late period of development, long calving stretch and quiet warmth. In Pakistan, Pure Buffalo milk is sold by the local dairy farmers in the form of loose milk only. This study discussed the importance and benefits of buffalo milk in comparison of cow’s milk and the real opportunities for the new entrepreneurs and startups who want to setup their own business in Pakistan. Pakistan's yearly milk creation in 2015-16 was around 54 million tones, making it one of the world's significant milk makers. Buffaloes and cows are the significant milk delivering creatures, with 62% milk delivered by buffaloes and 34% by dairy animals. In the course of recent years, milk creation in Pakistan has ascended by 36 % (Pakistan monetary study 2015-16). Farmers are not well equipped to avail benefits. India and Pakistan produce about 80% of all buffalo milk worldwide, followed by china, Egypt, and Nepal, where you find more dairy buffaloes than cows (Ariane Lang, 2020).Buffalo is viewed as the dairy creature for 21 century because of its higher flexibility and efficiency in the changing climatic conditions. There is a huge assorted variety in the Buffalo hereditary assets and south Asia is the home of profoundly yielding source promising bison type of Murrah and Nail Ravi. The analysis has shown that milk produced by buffalos is the best, as it carries 60% less cholesterol compared to cow milk.There is a strong reason why large companies only sell cow milk in packaged form even there is a huge demand for buffalo milk. The study concludes that Buffalo milk has a higher fat, protein, lactose, vitamin, and mineral content than cow's milk. It's also whiter and has a thicker consistency, which makes it perfect for the production of fat-based dairy products. Moreover, Cow milk differs from buffalo milk in richness and composition. Buffalo milk has lower cholesterol but more calories and fat compared with cow's milk. Keywords: Buffalo milk, Cow milk, Cholesterol, Packaging, Marketing

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Kasyan, A. R., V. U. Sataev et V. G. Alyangin. « Portable Diode Laser Scalpel in Treatment of Ingrown Toenails in Children ». Creative surgery and oncology 9, n^o 1 (25 avril 2019) : 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24060/2076-3093-2019-9-1-31-36.

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Introduction.The ingrown nail (onychocryptosis) is a disease that is common both among children and in adult population. Despite the fact that there is a large number of methods available for the treatment of ingrown nails, a large percentage of recurrence of the disease remains unconquered. Traditional methods of treatment today are often complemented by chemical matrixectomy, cryodestruction, electrocoagulation or laser destruction of the growth zone of the nail plate piece being removed. The purpose of all of these methods of treatment is the reduction of the recurrence of the disease. This study aims to examine the possibilities of using a portable diode laser scalpel for the treatment of ingrown nails in children.Materials and methods.In this study the authors compared treatment outcomes in patients with ingrown toenails treated with the original Winograd procedure (30 patients) with those treated with the same procedure complemented by the laser destruction of the growth zone (50 patients).Results and discussion.There was one relapse case in the study group (n=50, 2%), and two — in the control group (n=30, 6.7 %). The healing period of the postoperative wound amounted to 17.3±2.05 days in the study group and to 12.25±1.24 days in control. Pain VAS scores on the first day following the surgery were 6.2±1.24 in the study group, and 5.8±0.816 in control. Staphylococcus aureus was the pathogen responsible for the local infection process in most patients with ingrown nails.Conclusion. This study demonstrates that using the method proposed results in the reduction of the risk of recurrence of the disease from 6.7% down to 2%, increasing, however, the healing time of the postoperative wound from 12.25±1.24 to 17.3±2.05 days. This makes the use of the method proposed advisable in patients with: a stage III ingrown nail; an apparent local infectious process; a recurrent ingrown nail.

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Aiello, Luigi, Gregor Gstrein, Simon Erker, Bernhard Kaltenegger, Christian Ellersdorfer et Wolfgang Sinz. « Optimized Nail for Penetration Test on Lithium-Ion Cells and Its Utilization for the Validation of a Multilayer Electro-Thermal Model ». Batteries 8, n^o 4 (1 avril 2022) : 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8040032.

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Nail penetration is one of the most critical scenarios for a lithium-ion cell: it involves the superposition of electrical, thermal and mechanical abusive loads. When an electrically conductive nail is introduced into the active layers of a lithium-ion cell, an electric short circuit takes place between the conductive components (electrodes and current collectors). Hence, for this load case, electro-thermal modeling must be performed considering each and every layer of the cell in order to predict the electric quantities and the cell temperature (with numerical models). When standard conic nails are used, as is typical for this class of tests, the electrical contact between conductive components and the nail itself suffers of poor reproducibility mainly due to the separator that interposes between the electrically conductive components. This phenomenon makes it difficult to validate electro-thermal models, since the electrical contact between nail and lithium-ion cell parts cannot be safely determined. In this work, an alternative nail with an optimized ratio between the external surface and volume is presented to overcome this issue. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed nail, five tests (with the same conditions) were conducted on five commercial lithium-ion pouch cells, monitoring the tabs voltage and surface temperature. In all tests, thermal runaway was reached within 30 s and the tabs voltage showed comparable behavior, indicating that the short circuit values for all five repetitions were similar. The investigation included the implementation of a detailed layers model to demonstrate how the validation of such model would be possible with the novel data.

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Tatsumi, Yoshiyuki, Mamoru Yokoo, Hisato Senda et Kazuaki Kakehi. « Therapeutic Efficacy of Topically Applied KP-103 against Experimental Tinea Unguium in Guinea Pigs in Comparison with Amorolfine and Terbinafine ». Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, n^o 12 (décembre 2002) : 3797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.12.3797-3801.2002.

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ABSTRACT The therapeutic efficacy of KP-103, a novel topical triazole, in a guinea pig tinea unguium model was investigated. Experimental tinea unguium and tinea pedis were produced by inoculation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes SM-110 between the toes of the hind paw of guinea pigs. One percent solution (0.1 ml) of KP-103, amorolfine, or terbinafine was topically applied to the nails and whole sole of an infected foot once daily for 30 consecutive days, and terbinafine was also orally administered at a daily dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight for 30 consecutive days, starting on day 60 postinfection. The fungal burdens of nails and plantar skin were assessed using a new method, which makes it possible to recover infecting fungi by removing a carryover of the drug remaining in the treated tissues into the culture medium. Topically applied KP-103 inhibited the development of nail collapse, significantly reduced the fungal burden of the nails, and sterilized the infected plantar skin. On the other hand, topical amorolfine and topical or oral terbinafine were ineffective for tinea unguium, although these drugs eradicated or reduced the fungal burden of plantar skin. The in vitro activities of amorolfine and terbinafine against T. mentagrophytes SM-110 were 8- and 32-fold, respectively, decreased by the addition of 5% keratin to Sabouraud dextrose broth medium. In contrast, the activity of KP-103 was not affected by keratin because its keratin affinity is lower than those of the reference drugs, suggesting that KP-103 largely exists in the nails as an active form that was not bound to keratin and diffuses in the nail without being trapped by keratin. The effectiveness of KP-103 against tinea unguium is probably due to its favorable pharmacokinetic properties in the nails together with its potent antifungal activity.

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Velasco, Brian T., Jorge Briceno, Christopher Miller, Michael Y. Ye, Ian Savage-Elliott, J. Kent Ellington et John Y. Kwon. « Peri-Implant Fractures Around Hindfoot Fusion Nails : A Systematic Literature Review and Classification System ». Foot & ; Ankle Orthopaedics 4, n^o 4 (1 octobre 2019) : 2473011419S0042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00425.

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Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Tibio-talo calcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis is increasingly performed for hindfoot arthrosis and other indications. Peri-implant fracture around hindfoot fusion nails has been previously reported and can be problematic to treat given multiple surgical considerations including the status of hind foot arthrodesis at time of fracture. We present a systematic review of the literature regarding peri-implant fractures around hindfoot fusion nails and propose a classification system to help guide treatment based on findings from the current literature as well as the collective experience of the senior authors. Methods: A review of the literature was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to identify clinical investigations in which peri-implant fractures or other hardware failures were observed as complications following TTC arthrodesis using hindfoot nails by two research assistants. The electronic database of PubMed / Medline was explored using specific search terms, Boolean operators, and field tags. The same query without field tags and under “Search All Text” was used to explore the electronic database of the Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria was any clinical investigation that reported on outcomes after TTC arthrodesis using a hindfoot nail in at least one patient. Cadaveric and non-clinical investigations were excluded. Manuscript language for both databases was restricted to the English literature. Results: A total of 36 studies were identified which met inclusion criteria and reported clinical outcomes after TTC arthrodesis using a hindfoot fusion nail. Of the 36 studies, there was a total of 13 intraoperative fractures, 43 tibial stress fractures and 24 peri-implant fractures recorded in 12 of the 36 studies. Conclusion: Peri-implant fracture following tibio-talo calcaneal arthrodesis using a hindfoot intramedullary nail is an uncommon but problematic condition to treat. General heterogeneity of patients and indications as well as a lack of descriptive detail in the current literature makes meta-analysis difficult. Given the lack of consensus on treatment, a classification system may be helpful to guide clinical practice.

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Benamara, Fatima Zohra, et Lazhar Belabed. « Stability of the Walls in Nails Soil ». Advanced Materials Research 324 (août 2011) : 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.324.380.

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Developed as from the seventies, the nailing of the soils is a technique, which makes it possible to carry out a retaining wall of excavation by using the soil in place and installing the passive bars called nails. The main object of this work is to study the stability of the walls in soil nailed lived overall rupture facing-soil-nail. In order to find the mechanism or the mechanical model most unstable. Give a general aspect to our studies; we also studied a title comparative the classical circular failure model. We have repeatedly determined for each case the maximum shear soil force in the nails Tm. The most unfavourable mechanism (less stable) among all the mechanisms is that for which, the shear force Tm reached a maximum. Another analysis of the stability of wall in nailed soil was made by means of the software Geo4 and compared with the kinematics method.

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Frydrýšek, Karel, Tomáš Halo, Daniel Čepica, Vojtěch Machalla, Kateřina Šimečková, Ondřej Skoupý, Roman Madeja et al. « Biomechanical Assessment of Cannulated Nails for the Treatment of Proximal Femur Fractures ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 15 (25 juillet 2022) : 7470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157470.

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This article focuses on a type of surgical implant used in orthopaedics and traumatology—cannulated femoral nails. Femoral nails are used in medical treatment for purposes of osteosynthesis, i.e., when treating various types of complicated fractures, in this case fractures of the femur. The article investigates cases in which a nail has been implanted in the proximal part of the femur for a short time (with the fracture still not healed), compared with cases in which the bone has already healed. According to AO classification, examined fractures are described as AO 31B3 AO 32A3. The main focus is on strength-deformation analysis using the finite element method (FEM), which makes it possible to determine the behaviour of the femur-implant system. FEM analysis was used to compare 1.4441 steel nails made by two manufacturers, Medin (Czech Republic) and Tantum (Germany). Boundary conditions including external loading, prescribed supports and elastic foundation are defined. There were solved FEM analyses for five cases of healed femur and five cases of broken femur both including implants with prescribed collo-diaphyseal angles. The results of the analysis were used to assess stress-deformation states from the perspective of appropriateness for clinical treatment, biomechanical reliability and safety. All examined femoral nails are compared, safe and suitable for patient treatment.

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Reilly, Megan, Kurosh Darvish, Soroush Assari, John Cole, Tyler Wilps et Eric Gokcen. « Evaluating the Subtalar Joint in Tibiotalocalcaneal Nail ». Foot & ; Ankle Orthopaedics 3, n^o 3 (1 juillet 2018) : 2473011418S0040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00400.

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Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: In tibiotalocalcaneal nails for arthrodesis, the path of the nail through the subtalar joint has not been well documented. Ideally, the defect caused by reaming and the nail does not pass through the joint surface so that the amount of bony contact between the talus and calcaneus is maintained in order to optimize fusion. Our hypothesis is that the TTC nail does not destroy a significant amount contact area between the talus and calcaneus. However, using larger diameter nails (which are inherently stronger) will have more of an effect on the contact surface. Methods: Five cadaveric below the knee specimens were obtained. The ankle was disarticulated on each specimen. Subsequently, a guidepin was drilled from the central dome of the talus down to the calcaneus. The 11 mm reamer was then passed over the guidepin through the calcaneus to simulate retrograde reaming of a TTC nail. Then, the subtalar joint was dissected open and the articular surface was documented in comparison with the area that was reamed out. Measurements were then made, using software that calculated two dimensional surface area to determine the percentage of actual subtalar joint area that was reamed out. The mean percentage of articular area that was removed with the reamer was then calculated. Results: Among the five specimens, in the calcaneus, the mean total articular area was 599mm2±113 and the mean drilled articular area was 21mm2±16. The percentage of the calcaneal articular surface that was removed with the reamer was 3.4%±1.9. In the talus, the mean total articular area was 782mm2±130 and the mean drilled articular area was 39mm2±18. The percentage of the talar articular surface that was removed with the reamer was 5.0%±2.3. Additionally, an 11 mm reamer makes a circular surface area of 95mm2, and the statistics above indicate that a significant portion of the reamed area is nonarticular, within the calcaneal sulcus or the talar sulcus. Conclusion: In a tibiotalocalcaneal nail the subtalar joint is typically incompletely visualized, however this anatomic study demonstrates that the 11 mm reamer eliminates about 3.4% of the calcaneal articular surface and about 5% of the talar articular surface. Therefore, the majority of the articular surface is left intact, which is ideal in optimizing arthrodesis outcomes. Furthermore, this study could extrapolate the effects of a larger nail on the availability of joint surface. It could also be used to argue for cartilage stripping of the affected joint surfaces in arthrodesis preparation, because the majority of the articular surface is, in fact, left intact.

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Anisa Taqwina, Rahmiati, Linda Rosalina et Refdinal. « Flipbook Maker Based E-Module in Hand, Foot and Nail Care Courses ». Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies 5, n^o 3 (12 janvier 2023) : 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jlls.v5i3.57188.

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The learning objectives of hand, foot and nail care for students of makeup and beauty education is not sufficient and not optimal. Therefore, there is a need for innovation in learning, especially hand care and foot care learning materials. ICT-based modul is solution to overcome this problem. This study aims to develop e-module learning media based on flipbook maker in the department of cosmetology and beauty. The methodology used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Four D procedure through the stages of define, design, develop and disseminate. The research subjects were 3 media experts and 3 material experts. While the research subjects in the practical test were 2 lecturers and 20 students of the department of cosmetology and beauty. Data were obtained by using test instruments to test the effectiveness and non-test instruments to test the validity and practicality of the research process. Data analysis uses V Aiken calculations for product validation, percentage formulas for practicality and effectiveness. The results of this research show there is a significant comparison of students' understanding of hand, foot and nail care using flipbook maker-based e-module learning media. Based on all these analyzes it was concluded that the e-module based on flipbook maker was stated to be valid, practical and effective as one of the learning media for the hand, foot and nail care course.

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S, Agarwal, Prakash V, Garg A et Katiyar S. « Evaluation of mycological profile of onychomycosis in a tertiary care centre in Bareilly ». Journal of Medical and Scientific Research 9, n^o 3 (1 juillet 2021) : 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2021/9-19.

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Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of nails which is not associated with significant morbidity and mortality but it can have negative impact on patient's emotional, social and occupational functioning. The affected nail can also serve as a chronic reservoir and can communicate the fungal infection to family members this makes onychomycosis an important public health problem. Treatment regimen and duration depends on the etiological agent. So, for the timely initiation of appropriate and effective treatment knowledge of etiological agents causing onychomycosis is required. This study was conducted to improve the knowledge of demographic and mycological profile of onychomycosis in Bareilly region. 74 nail specimens of suspected onychomycosis were evaluated clinically, KOH examination and fungal culture was done. Onychomycosis was present in 59.46% by culture and /or KOH examination. Fingernails and toenails were infected in 24.32% and 41.89% respectively and remaining 6.75% had both. Principal causative agents were dermatophytes (43.47%) with Trichophyton mentagrophytes being the most common (19.56%). In 15 (32.60%) cases, candida species and in 11 (23.91%) cases non-dermatophyte moulds have been isolated as the sole causative agent. This study demonstrated dermatophytes as the main agents causing onychomycosis in our region, as well as proves the importance of performing direct examination and culture in diagnosis of onychomycosis.

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Kevin Emeka, Chukwubuike. « Spontaneous Passage of a Long Nail through the Gastrointestinal Tract of a 2-year old Child : A Case Report ». Journal of Surgical Case Reports and Images 4, n^o 5 (19 juillet 2021) : 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1897/070.

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Swallowing of foreign body is a common problem in children. Although most foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract will pass spontaneously, passage of sharp and pointed object such as a long nail is unusual. We report a case of a 2-year old female who swallowed a 3-inch nail and passed the nail per rectum spontaneously without problems while preparations were being made for the removal of the nail. The rarity of this event makes it worthy of being reported.

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Hwang, Yun-Og, et Yeon-A. Kim. « A Study on the Nail Art Using Kitchen Design of Kenny Sharp Pop Art ». Korean Society of Beauty and Art 23, n^o 4 (20 décembre 2022) : 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18693/jksba.2022.23.4.165.

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Nail art has grown into a field of beauty, which makes your hands more beautiful. Entering the 21st century, in particular, nail industry has shown the greatest growth among the fast-growing beauty industries. With the change of the times, there has been a shift in expression techniques from colors to diverse decorative elements. At the same time, nail art materials have become more diverse. With the growth of nail industry, more diverse materials have been used, and there has been a continuous demand for new designs. In this study, nail art works were created with diverse materials and techniques based on the characteristics of Kenny Scharf’s kitsch design. In addition, brand-new designs were developed by reinterpreting the unique and creative artistry of a new artist, not those from conventional nail art studies. It is anticipated that the study results would make a contribution to the promotion of nail art studies and the growth and development of nail industry.

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Kaur, Ravinder, Pragyan Swagatika Panda et Shahnawaz Khan. « Non dermatophytic molds causing onychomycosis : a rising trend in North India ». International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, n^o 12 (23 novembre 2017) : 4532. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175325.

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Background: Onychomycosis is rarely life threatening but can affect patient’s quality of life by its associated morbidity and cosmetic disfigurement that makes it an important public health problem. So the current study was undertaken to look for causes of onychomycosis including the non-dermatophytic molds that are normally considered as contaminants. Methods: A total of 100 nail samples from clinically suspected cases of onychomycosis, were processed by direct microscopy of the KOH mount followed by two sets of culture on Sabourauds’ Dextrose Agar and incubated at 25ºC and 37ºC and were examined once a week for a period of 4-6 weeks, to look for the fungal causative agent. Results: Infection was more common among males and amongst age group 21-30 years (31%). The finger nails (57%) were more commonly involved than toe nails (43%). Onychomycosis was mostly caused by molds (55%), followed by dermatophytes (15.8%) and yeasts (9.3%). Aspergillus niger and A. flavus (13% each) were the most common molds, T. verrucossum (4.6%) was the most common dermatophyte, while Candida albicans (6.5%) was the most common yeast isolated. Conclusions: There is a rising trend of non dermatophytic molds causing onychomycoses, Thus microbiologists should look for all the possible causes of superficial fungal infection.

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Banerjee, Pranabashish, Rajesh Kumar Kundu, Dhrupad Ray et Gautam Das. « Double nail in Hypopharynx- A rare presentation ». Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 24, n^o 2 (26 août 2016) : 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2016.v24i2.86.

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Introduction An extremely rare case of a pair of nails impacted in the right pyriform sinus, presenting 72 hours after the incident, is reported. Case Report X-ray soft tissue neck revealed the presence of a pair of nails in the neck at C4-C5 vertebral level. The foreign bodies could not be seen on hypopharyngoscopy due to severe mucosal oedema. Lateral pharyngotomy was done to remove the nails with C-arm guidance. Discussion Retained foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract are known to produce complications. Delayed presentation makes the management difficult. C-arm guidance during surgical exploration is helpful to locate a radiopaue foreign body in difficult situations.

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Shan, Gen Li, Wen Xue Liu et Hong Bo Chen. « The Optimization Design of New Type F-Nail Nailing Machine ». Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (août 2011) : 1564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1564.

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Welded structure is usually used in current nailing machines. When a nailing machine was used for a period of time, the base of the machine was deformed, so products produced with the machines become waste. The reason for these problems is that the design of window shape around the body column plate is unreasonable, so the plate often cracks. In addition, the hydraulic system in current nailing machines is unreasonable too, which makes production less efficient. Aiming the current problems of the nailing machine, finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to analysis and find the machine’s stress concentration areas. According to the analysis results, the shape and size of these areas are re-designed, which has the minimum area stress and deformation. The welded machine body is changed into a casted one, and the other modules are also re-build, all of which make the machine has longer service life. Through the process analysis, the hydraulic system is re-designed too, which improves the equipment productivity greatly.

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Liu, Siyi, Shan Huang, Qian Zhou, Kent Snyder, Mary Kate Long et Guangsheng Zhang. « Understanding Li-Ion Cell Internal Short Circuit during Nail Penetration By Simultaneous in Situ Measurement of Local Current, Resistance and Temperature ». ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, n^o 3 (9 octobre 2022) : 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023356mtgabs.

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Internal short circuit (ISC) can be a main cause of Li-ion cell thermal runaway in field failures, but its mechanisms still require better understanding1 , 2. Due to the highly localized and electrochemical-thermal coupled nature of ISC, it is important to use in situ/operando measurement of critical parameters for insightful understanding of the mechanisms. We recently reported a method for in situ measurement of dynamic ISC resistance and ISC current during nail penetration as schematically shown in Figure 1(a)3. When an ISC is formed inside the small test cell by nail penetration, external current will flow from the large power supply cell to the test cell. The test cell capacity is much smaller than the large power supply cell, so the measured current (A) can be assumed to be equal to the ISC current. The ISC voltage (V) is measured directly. Then the ISC resistance can be obtained through dividing the ISC voltage by the ISC current. The local temperature at the ISC spot is directly measured by a thermocouple embedded at the tip of the smart nail4. The previous method enabled insightful understanding of ISC3. It was observed that the ISC resistance changed by several orders of magnitude during nail penetration and dramatically influenced heat generation and local temperature rise. In some cases, the local ISC temperature increased more than 500 ℃, and even caused melting of Al foil in contact with the nail and rapid recovery of ISC resistance. But the previous method has a shortcoming. As noted in Figure 1(a), the small test cell with ISC is chemically and thermally disconnected from the large power supply cell. Such disconnection makes the thermal behaviors of the cells different from a real-world large Li-ion cell in which the ISC location is electrochemically and thermally connected to the entire cell. In particular, it does not allow investigation of thermal runaway propagation from the ISC location to the large cell. Built on our previous work while addressing its shortcoming, here we report an improved method. As shown schematically in Figure 1(b), a small cell and a large cell are fabricated inside the same pouch, sharing the same electrolyte and the same separator. They are not only electrically connected, but also chemically and thermally connected. The measurement of ISC current, resistance and temperature is similar to our previous work. When the smart nail penetrates the small cell, the ISC current flows from the large cell to the small cell through the external wire and can be measured by a current sensor (A). The ISC resistance is obtained from directly measured ISC current and ISC voltage. The local temperature can be measured not only by the thermocouple embedded at the tip of the smart nail, but also by thermocouples embedded at different locations inside the large cell5. This new method will enable insightful understanding of the highly localized and electrochemical-thermal coupled ISC phenomena under conditions closer to field failures. The experimental data can also be used for validation and improvement of numerical models of ISC. References X. Lai, C. Jin, W. Yi, X. Han, X. Feng, Y. Zheng and M. Ouyang, Energy Storage Materials, 35, 470 (2021). G. Zhang, X. Wei, X. Tang, J. Zhu, S. Chen and H. Dai, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 141 (2021). S. Liu, S. Huang, Q. Zhou, K. Snyder, M. Long and G. Zhang, 241st ECS Meeting, May 29- June 2, 2022, Vancouver, BC, Canada (2022). S. Huang, X. Du, M. Richter, J. Ford, G. M. Cavalheiro, Z. Du, R. T. White and G. Zhang, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167 (2020). S. Huang, Z. Du, Q. Zhou, K. Snyder, S. Liu and G. Zhang, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 168 (2021). Figure 1

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Poulakos, Mara, Yasmin Grace, Jade D. Machin et Erin Dorval. « Efinaconazole and Tavaborole ». Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, n^o 2 (8 juillet 2016) : 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190016630904.

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Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review the safety, efficacy, and role of efinaconazole and tavaborole in the treatment of onychomycosis. Summary: Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and nondermatophyte fungi. Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) accounts for the majority of the cases. These infections cause structural damage to the nail which makes treatment difficult. Both oral and topical agents exist for the treatment of onychomycosis. Oral medications have generally been more effective, yet adverse effects and drug interactions limit their use in some patients. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agents in the United States for oral therapies include terbinafine, itraconazole, and griseofulvin. The only topical product available up to recently was ciclopirox. Conclusion: This article will review efinaconazole and tavaborole, 2 new topical antifungal agents released in 2014.

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Herdiana, Emil, Lia Saniah et Fitriani Reyta. « Deteksi Jenis Penyakit melalui Perubahan Warna Kuku dengan Teknik Image Processing ». Jurnal Accounting Information System (AIMS) 5, n^o 1 (31 mars 2022) : 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32627/aims.v5i1.443.

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Health is an important thing that is needed in order to maintain endurance, in the modern era types of diseases continue to grow very rapidly, these changes can be caused by several factors, these factors can be from food and lifestyle. , we can't deny the lifestyle in the modern era causes a person to forget to take care of their health, this is because the activities and activities are very dense, sometimes without realizing it makes the body's resistance to a disease less so that our body is susceptible to disease. viruses and diseases, this type of disease can attack and damage internal and external organs. Naturally, the body will respond to changes, these changes can show symptoms of an attack, diseases can be categorized from mild to high levels, for example, people who experience hair loss who continue to show cancer, either early or advanced cancer, another example is nail discoloration, for example. one yellow nail indicates the person has jaundice, another indication the nail has a long black line, this indication can be recognized. as a digestive problem in our body. For those who are experts, they will have experience in recognizing diseases and their indications, solutions will soon be found by buying preventive medicine, or other methods by directly consulting a doctor. The problem faced today is that a person is sometimes unconscious and does not observe changes in the body and even considers these changes to be normal, even though the body is trying to provide a natural warning system for the appearance of a disease symptom. image-processing based application, this application is used to identify changes in nail color and texture, these changes will be identified and processed using an image processing algorithm, this algorithm has a high accuracy value, the application will read nail color changes and identify and diagnose symptoms of disease in our body, the identification results have an accuracy of up to 85%.

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S, Manivannan, et Bhuvaneswari S. « Evaluation Of Anti-Fungal Potential Of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Blume (Lauraceae) Barks Extract For Onychomycosis ». Kongunadu Research Journal 6, n^o 2 (30 décembre 2019) : 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj301.

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Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of nails caused by dermatophytes, yeasts of nondermatophyte molds. Far more than being a simple cosmetic problem, infected nail serves as a chronic reservoir, which can give rise to repeated mycotic infections and represents about 30% of mycotic cutaneous infections. Theprevalence rate of onychomycosis is determined by age, predisposing factor, social class, occupation, climate,living environment. To evaluation of Anti-fungal potential of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Blume (Lauraceae) Barks Extract for Onychomycosis. The C. Zeylanicum barks crude extracts were obtained by soxhlet-solidliquid extraction using ethanol and aqueous. The dermatophytes namely, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton simii, Epidermophyton floccosum and Candida albicans were recovered from rice farmers in Orathanadu, Thanjavur (Dt), Tamil Nadu. The antifungal activity, minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicidal concentrations against the onychomycosis of C. zeylanicum was determined by the disc diffusion methods in sabouraud dextrose agar using ketoconazole (2mg/disc) as a positive control. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of wide range of bioactive constituents like flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, terpenes and steroids. The ethanol barks extract inhibited all test organisms at the minimum concentration of 25 mg/ml while fungicidal actions were observed at a concentration of 50 mg/ml for T. rubrum, 180 mg/ml for T. mentagrophytes, 160 mg/ml for T. simii, 120 mg/ml for E. floccosum and 60 mg/ml for C. albicans. The ability of the extracts to inhibit the growth of fungi likes dermatophytes and yeast is an indication of the antifungal potential of C. zylanicum, which makes the candidate for production of antifungal agents.

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Adesina, Stephen A., Isaac O. Amole, Akinsola I. Akinwumi, Adepeju O. Adegoke, James I. Owolabi, Imri G. Adefokun, Adewumi O. Durodola, Olufemi T. Awotunde et Samuel U. Eyesan. « Infection complicating locked intramedullary nailing of open lower-extremity fractures : incidence, associated risk factors, and lessons for improving outcome in a low-resource setting ». Journal of Bone and Joint Infection 8, n^o 1 (14 février 2023) : 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jbji-8-71-2023.

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Abstract. Introduction: Infection is the chief complication that makes open fractures difficult to treat. Most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are missing out on modern management techniques developed to achieve better outcomes in high-income countries (HICs). One of these is the use of locked intramedullary (IM) nails. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with infection of open fractures treated with the surgical implant generation network (SIGN) nail at a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Methods: Data were collected prospectively on 101 open fractures of the femur and tibia over an 8-year period. Active surveillance for infection was done on each patient. Infection was diagnosed as the presence of wound breakdown or purulent discharge from (or near) the wound or surgical incision. Potential risk factors were tested for association with infection. Results: There were 101 fractures in 94 patients with a mean age of 37.76 years. The following treatment-related factors demonstrated significant associations with infection – timings of antibiotic administration (p<0.001) and definitive fracture fixation (p=0.002); definitive wound closure (p<0.001), fracture-reduction methods (p=0.005), and surgery duration (p=0.007). Conclusions: Although this study has limitations precluding the drawing up of final conclusions, the findings suggest that the risk factors for infection of nailed open fractures in LMICs are similar to those in HICs. Consequently, outcomes can potentially improve if LMICs adopt the management principles used in HICs in scientifically sound ways that are affordable and socially acceptable to their people. Further studies are suggested to establish our findings.

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Corroto, Carla. « When you have a hammer in your hand, everything looks like a nail ». Qualitative Research Journal 14, n^o 2 (8 juillet 2014) : 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-07-2013-0043.

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Purpose – Taking Community Design Centers (CDC) in the USA as case studies, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of a type of service learning increasingly found in colleges of architecture. Typically, the CDC is a model of architecture's civic engagement that makes claims to “give back” to under-served communities and enhance student learning with applied architectural design work. Design/methodology/approach – This project is part of a long-term engagement as participant observer and ethnographer in the field of architecture. Fieldwork in this investigation is presented as four case studies in separate and specific contexts. Findings – Initial findings suggest there are conflicting intentions and aspirations at work through service learning in architecture and its implementation calls into question who or what is served. The author argues architecture's epistemology, pedagogical structure, and ideology precludes effective civic engagement. Originality/value – The value of this research is the understanding of how those with power and resources are able to frame their work in low-income communities as service, even though there is little of worth given. It also demonstrates how stratification is reinforced through institutional arrangements in the USA.

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Santos, Mónica, Armando Almeida, Catarina Lopes et Tiago Oliveira. « Risco Biológico e/ou Químico eventualmente associado ao uso de adereços pelo Trabalhador (como anéis, alianças, relógios, pulseiras) ». Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional 9 (30 juin 2020) : S40—S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31252/rpso.04.04.2020.

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Introduction/ background/ objectives There are some manuals of Good Practices, in some professional sectors, that highlight the need to stop use jewelry at work (such as finger rings, watches, bracelets and/ or equivalent), relating to the potentialization of contact with biological agents and/ or chemical. The studies dedicated to this theme are very scarce and all related to health professionals; although, in many other sectors, it is a relevant topic, like in food production, tattooing, preparation of equipment that needs to be sterile and any sector that deals with chemical agents, for example. Methodology It is an Scoping Review, initiated through a research conducted in December 2019 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Effects Review Abstracts, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Record, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Scopus and RCAAP ”. Content The use of finger rings decreases efficacy of hand washing, since some bacteria can remain in microscopic irregularities under the ring. In addition, they can tear the protective gloves; even so, the use of this individual protective equipment attenuates the microbial load of the rings. However, some investigators argue that there is no statistical evidence that the use of rings will alter postoperative infraction rates. Those with smooth surfaces, like classic wedding rings, do not appear to be so problematic. As for watches and bracelets, it appears that they do not contribute to a significant increase in the rate of infringement; yet some researchers recommend that they be removed, before hand washing. The use of nail varnish decreases efficacy of hand washing, since some bacteria can remain in the microscopic irregularities of the varnish; however, there is no robust statistical evidence that the use of varnishes alters the rate of postoperative infection. Long nails have a higher microbial load, especially if recovered by irregular varnish (with a few days). In addition, big nails can also increase the likelihood of tearing the glove, whether natural or artificial. So it makes sense that some professionals use them short. Since scientific evidence that correlates hospital infection to the use of artificial jewelry or nails among healthcare professionals is not very robust, the norms at some institutions are in the format of recommendations only. Conclusions Studies are scarce and do not appear to be concordant or robust on several occasions, so it would be useful that Occupational Health teams, from companies with biological and/ or chemical risk, design and carry out studies and, subsequently, publish it to specialty magazines. In doubt, until clear evidence appears, objects such as finger rings, rings, watches and bracelets should be removed before work and hand washing and the size of long/ artificial nails or varnish must be carefully pondered.

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Pan, Jianhua, et Xiao Wang. « Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Spreading Performance of Physiological Saline on Surface ». Materials 15, n^o 11 (31 mai 2022) : 3925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15113925.

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Physiological saline is an indispensable element for maintaining the functions of life. The spreading performance of physiological saline droplets on the surface of graphene under different NaCl concentrations and electric field intensities was studied in the present work. The results show that the increase in NaCl concentration reduces the displacement vector value of molecules in droplets. In addition, NaCl is easy to aggregate on the surface of graphene. The increase in NaCl concentration makes it more difficult for droplets to penetrate the surface of graphene, and the penetration angle of droplets increases with the rise in NaCl concentration. With the increase in electric field intensity, the wetting effect of droplets is more obvious. The greater the electric field intensity is, the smaller the penetration angle is, which is mainly due to the polarity of water molecules. This study has reference significance for the study of body fluid volatilization on the human surface.

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Campbell, Andrew W., Ebere C. Anyanwu et Mohammed Morad. « Evaluation of the Drug Treatment and Persistence of Onychomycosis ». Scientific World JOURNAL 4 (2004) : 760–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2004.134.

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Onychomycosis is a common nail disease responsible for approximately 50% of diseases of the nail. It occurs more in the elderly, though several cases have been reported among children. Several factors influence, such as climate, geography, and migration. The two dermatophytes most commonly implicated in onychomycosis are Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes, accounting for more than 90% of onychomycoses. Nonetheless, several other toxigenic molds have been implicated. For convenience, onychomycosis is divided into four major clinical presentations: distal subungal, which is the most common form of the disease; proximal subungal, which is the most common form found in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection; superficial; and total dystrophic onychomycosis. Epidemiology of onychomycosis in adults and children is evaluated and the most common clinical symptoms addressed. Although the risk factors are discussed, the multifactorial nature of onychomycosis makes this inexhaustible. The diagnosis and treatments are difficult and the choice of appropriate antifungal drugs complex and require the knowledge of the chemical structures of the metabolites of the molds that cause onychomycosis and their interaction with the antifungal drugs. This is true because most of the antifungal drugs are derived from mold/fungal metabolism. Treatment with griseofulvin and amphotericin is displaced by the use of newer drugs from azole compounds, pyrimidines, and allylamines derivatives. Amorolfine, itraconazole, and ciclopirox nail lacquer solution 8 have gained support globally, but the side effects, drug resistance, and persistence of the disease are still a serious concern to the patients, just as economics and quality of life. Hence, the search for safer and more efficacious drug treatments are continuing.

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Thomas, Sumi. « Management of psoriatic arthritis ». Journal of Skin and Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1 (22 avril 2019) : 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jsstd_16_2019.

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The treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) makes use of many agents. Most of them are used for the treatment of other forms of inflammatory arthritis or the management of cutaneous manifestations of psoriasis. Although a number of medications are effective in the treatment of both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and PsA, trials involving some classes of biologic agents indicate that patients with RA and PsA may show different responses to certain drug classes. Treatment of the different elements of PsA includes coordinated interventions to address the major domains of the disease, including peripheral and axial arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, and skin and nail involvement.

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Simpson, F. O., J. M. Ledingham, J. M. Paulin et R. D. Purves. « Body sodium in rats : response to DOCA, adrenalectomy, changes in salt intake, and a salt load ». American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 250, n^o 3 (1 mars 1986) : F551—F558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1986.250.3.f551.

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Body Na was studied by an isotope method in rats on Na-free diet plus a choice of H2O and 0.5% or 0.1% NaCl. Two groups (1 on 0.5%, 1 on 0.1% NaCl) had Silastic deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) implants, two similar groups were sham operated, and a fifth group (on 0.5% NaCl) underwent adrenalectomy (ADX). Saline consumption increased in DOCA-treated and ADX rats. Body Na was increased by DOCA and by drinking 0.5% NaCl compared with 0.1% NaCl. Body Na after intraperitoneal NaCl loading (which raised body Na 8-10%) and withdrawal of NaCl drinking fluids was analyzed by use of the model y = Ae-a(t-d) + Be-bt, where y is body Na at time t and d is delay before fast rate constant a is established; d was greater on the lower Na intake. Rate constant a was not reduced by chronic DOCA treatment. Coefficient B of the slow exponential, representing the basal level to which body Na falls on zero Na intake, and equivalent to Hollenberg's "set-point," was higher in DOCA-treated rats. This analysis makes use of Hollenberg's set-point concept, but the findings suggest that the set-point is related to mineralocorticoid activity and is thus presumably variable.

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Brzezińska, O., K. Rychlicki-Kicior et J. Makowska. « AB1377 FULLY AUTOMATIC ASSESSMENT OF NAIL FOLD CAPILLAROSCOPY SOFTWARE – PILOT STUDY ». Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 mai 2022) : 1793.3–1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4859.

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BackgroundThe nail fold capillaroscopy is one of the basic techniques used in diagnosis and monitoring the course of connective tissue diseases, primarily a systemic sclerosis. However, the assessment of the capillary image is time-consuming and subjective, this makes it difficult for a detailed comparison of studies assessed by various physicians.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to validate an automated software for classification the nail fold capillaroscopy as normal or pathological and counting the numerous of vessels on a millimetre.Methods100 correct and 100 pathological images were selected from the capillaroscopic image database. The original examination was performed with Dinolite MEDL4N Pro. The classic, manual evaluation of the capillaroscopy was performed twice. The imagines was classified as correct or pathological and mean number of capillaries per millimetre was calculated. The photos were then exported to the training program created for the study, the region of interest (ROI) and individual capillaries were marked. The calculation of the number of vessels was made at a magnification of about 50x (ensuring the maximum quality of the image obtained during a classic examination). The neural network was trained using the fast.ai library (based on PyTorch). The ResNet-34 deep residual neural network was chosen, 10-fold cross-validation with validation and test set was performed, using Darknet-YoloV3 state of the art neural network in a GPU-optimized (P5000 GPU) environment. For calculation of 1mm capillaries, additional detection mechanism was designed, in order to automatically detect the scale of the image and transform it into proper pixel dimensions.ResultsThe results obtained under neural network training have been referred to the results obtained as part of a manual photo assessment. For the image classification correct vs pathological test sensitivity 89.0% and specificity 86.9% was obtained. For validation (20% of images have been drawn as a validating group), 89.0% and 89.4% respectively were noticed. For the average number of capillaries in 1mm, an average of three regions have been estimated (the first region with 1mm from the left, the second with 1mm from the right and the third with 1mm in the middle). The estimated number of capillars in each region has been compared with ground truth data. The RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) for the test set was 2.81 and the accuracy was 76.2%.ConclusionThe use of fully automatic Nail Fold Capillaroscopy Software can be a fast and easy method of the correct and changed capillaroscopy pattern classification, the possibility of counting gives a repetitive result regardless of the physician evaluating the capillaroscopy pattern. In the further course of work on the software, it will be possible to distinguish megacapillary, branched vessels, avascularisation and other pathological features, which will allow full automatic image evaluation and easy follow-up of patients.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

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Razavi, Gholam Reza, et Hossein Monajati. « Corrosion Behavior of TWIP Steels in 3.5% NaCl Solution ». Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (janvier 2012) : 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.334.

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TWIP steels are high Mn (17-35%) austenitic steels having strength and ductility concurrently. This makes them suitable for applications that need high strength and ductility like gas tanks and oil platforms. To these applications corrosion resistance of these steel is also of paramount importance and needs to be noticed. This was achieved by two usual methods of weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization of the samples, after that they casted and hot rolled in experimental scale. The observed corrosion pits are related to the chemical composition. It is connected with the high dissolution rate of Mn and Fe atoms in NaCl solution. Fractographic analyses of samples revealed corrosion products on their surface in a form of pits with diversified size.

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YIN, QIANG, GE ZHOU, YAN-YAN LIU, QIN-JIAN YIN, JIAN-HUI LUO et BO JIANG. « MOLECULAR DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF CARBOXYETHYL CHITOSAN : EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, SALT CONCENTRATION AND pH ». Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 09, supp01 (janvier 2010) : 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633610005487.

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The effect of temperatures and NaCl concentrations on the structures of polyampholyte(carboxyethyl chitosan) under different pH conditions were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The radius of gyration (ROG) of the backbone Cα of carboxyethyl chitosan was analyzed and the accessible surface areas (ASA) of entire polyampholytes were estimated. The variation of the ROG and the ASA of polyampholyte with temperatures and different NaCl concentrations under different pH conditions are discussed. The present simulation makes it possible to understand the structures of polyampholyte in aqueous solutions at the molecular level.

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Pappa, Eleni C., Efthymia Kondyli, Loulouda Bosnea et Marios Mataragas. « Changes in the Physicochemical Properties of Kashkaval of Pindos Cheese Produced with Different Salting Methods during Ripening ». Journal of Food Research 9, n^o 6 (6 octobre 2020) : 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v9n6p13.

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Kashkaval of Pindos cheeses were produced either with sheep (100%) or mixture of sheep (90%) - goat (10%) milk. Sheep milk cheeses were manufactured either by dry salting or by immersion in 18% w/w salt (NaCl) brine. Cheeses made with the mixture of sheep- goat milk were directly immersed in brine of 15% or 18% w/w NaCl concentration. These are common practices of cheese salting used by the traditional cheese-makers. The physicochemical characteristics of all cheeses were monitored during a ripening period of 3-months. The results have shown that the physicochemical characteristics of both cheeses were not affected by the different salting methods. Therefore, Kashkaval of Pindos cheese can be salted either with dry salt or with immersion in brine, without altering their main composition and organoleptic characteristics. Furthermore, some historical data about Kashkaval of Pindos cheese are included.

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SRINIVASAN, RADHAKRISHNAN. « THE QUANTUM SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE JUSTIFIED IN A NEW NON-ARISTOTELIAN FINITARY LOGIC ». International Journal of Quantum Information 03, n^o 01 (mars 2005) : 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749905000852.

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In the proposed non-Aristotelian finitary logic (NAFL), truths for formal propositions can exist only with respect to axiomatic theories, essentially as temporary axiomatic declarations in the human mind. An undecidable proposition P in a consistent NAFL theory T is true/false with respect to T if and only if it has been axiomatically declared as true/false by virtue of its provability/refutability in an interpretation T* of T. In the absence of any such axiomatic declarations, P is in a superposed state of 'neither true nor false' and the consistency of T requires the existence of a non-classical model for T in which P&¬P is the case. Here T* is an axiomatic NAFL theory that, like T, resides in the human mind and acts as the 'truth-maker' for (a model of) T. Quantum superposition is justified by identifying 'axiomatic declarations' for the truth/falsity of P (by virtue of its provability/refutability in T*) with 'measurement' in the real world. NAFL also explains and de-mystifies the phenomenon of entanglement. NAFL severely restricts classical infinitary reasoning, but possibly provides sufficient machinery for a consistent axiomatization of quantum mechanics.

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Cai, Qi, Natalia I. Dmitrieva, Joan D. Ferraris, Luis F. Michea, Jesus M. Salvador, M. Christine Hollander, Albert J. Fornace, Robert A. Fenton et Maurice B. Burg. « Effects of expression of p53 and Gadd45 on osmotic tolerance of renal inner medullary cells ». American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 291, n^o 2 (août 2006) : F341—F349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00518.2005.

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The response of renal inner medullary (IM) collecting duct cells (mIMCD3) to high NaCl involves increased expression of Gadd45 and p53, both of which have important effects on growth and survival of the cells. However, mIMCD3 cells, being immortalized by SV40, proliferate rapidly, which is known to sensitize cells to high NaCl, whereas IM cells in situ proliferate very slowly and survive much higher levels of NaCl. In the present studies, we have examined the importance of Gadd45 and p53 for survival of normal IM cells in their usual high-NaCl environment by using more slowly proliferating second-passage mouse inner medullary epithelial (p2mIME) cells and comparing cells from wild-type and gene knockout mice. Acutely elevating NaCl (and/or urea) reduces Gadd45a, but increases Gadd45b and Gadd45g mRNA, depending on the mix of NaCl and urea and the rate of increase of osmolality. Nevertheless, p2mIME cells from Gadd45b−/−, Gadd45g−/−, and Gadd45bg−/− mice survive elevation of NaCl (or urea) essentially the same as do wild-type cells. p53−/− Cells do not tolerate as high a concentration of NaCl (or urea) as p53+/+ cells, but urinary concentrating ability of p53−/− mice is normal, as is the histology of inner medullas from p53−/− and Gadd45abg−/− mice. Thus although Gadd45 and p53 may play roles in osmotically stressed mIMCD3 cells, we do not find that their expression makes an important difference, either for Gadd45 in slower proliferating p2mIME cells or for Gadd45 or p53 in normal inner medullary epithelial cells in situ.

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Hosen, MML, MS Islam, MN Uddin, KA Haque et MS Islam. « Effect of Sodium Chloride on Growth and Development of Sodium Accumulating Halophytes in Saline Water ». Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 9, n^o 1 (8 novembre 2016) : 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v9i1.30284.

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Effect of NaCl on nutrient uptake was observed from a phytodesalination study by three abundantly grown sodium accumulating halophytes namely, Kalmilata (Ipomoea aquatica), Malancha (Alternanthera philoxeroides) and Kesordam (Ludwigia adscendens L.). A 45 days hydroponic experiment was conducted with these halophytes treated with 0, 3, 5 and 7 dS m-1 salt added from the sodium chloride (NaCl). After analyzing water and plant parts, it was observed that potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) uptake were increased by plants and less effect on calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and chloride (Cl-) uptake due to added NaCl. Simultaneously the biomass content increased in Kalmilata rather than Malancha and Kesordam. So non-altered nutritional status makes these halophytes suitable for vegetable, fodder and forages use after phytodesalination of saline water.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(1): 9-15 2016

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Belousov, Andrey. « Prospects of Application of Nanoparticles of Magnet-Controlled Sorbent (Mcs-B Brand) For Correction of Function Platelets ». Journal of Surgical Case Reports and Images 3, n^o 1 (4 janvier 2020) : 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1897/013.

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This scientific article is devoted to the study of the effect of magnetite nanoparticles (MCS-B brand) on the functional platelets activity of human. 0.9% NaCl was used as a control. The results of the study showed that the use of NaCl saline solution shifts the colloidal suspension equilibrium of platelets towards a significant (P<0.001) increase in the rate and index of their aggregation. For the first time, the effect of 0.9% NaCl on function of platelets makes us reconsider the concept of safety of infusion solutions in patients with initial signs of platelet disorders hemostasis. On the contrary, the use of MCS-B nanoparticles significantly revealed (P<0.05) an increase in the stability of colloidal suspension of platelets. This is an important pathogenetic factor which affects the occurrence of correction of hemostasis in conditions of blood clotting disorders.

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Li, Zili, Chao Yang, Gan Cui, Shouxin Zhang et Chengbin Zhang. « Effect of pH and NaCl concentration on the hydrogen evolution reaction of X60 steel ». Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 66, n^o 2 (21 février 2019) : 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-08-2018-1978.

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Purpose When hydrogen evolution reaction occurs on a metal surface, on the one hand, the generated hydrogen atom may penetrate into the metal that causes the hydrogen embrittlement failure of materials; on the other hand, the hydrogen generation may increase the local pressure in the coating and cause coating blistering. The purpose of this study is to study the effect of NaCl concentration and pH on hydrogen evolution reaction of X60 steel. Design/methodology/approach A cathodic polarization curve 257E-2V vs OCP and EIS was obtained by conventional three-electrode system in different NaCl concentrations, 257E3.5 and pH. Second, various parameters such as hydrogen evolution, over-potential current–density polarization resistance and capacitance of double electric layer were obtained based on fitting of the experimental data. Finally, the reaction mechanism was determined by Tafel curves. Findings It was concluded that in different NaCl concentrations, diffusion layer induced by concentration polarization affects the diffusion process of H+ ions, which makes over-potential increase. Under great effect of concentration polarization, the reaction is different in acid and alkaline environments, and the dielectric layer shows the characteristic of meta-alkaline adsorption, which makes difference in mechanism. Originality/value This research not only has theoretical significance but also gains utilization prospect. Ultimately, this research could be applied to clear hydrogen evolution process and protect long-distance pipeline against delamination.

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Nahar, Kuldeep, et Nikita Nahar. « Non-vascularized large free fibular bone graft in post- traumatic and infectious ulnar bone defect : a case report ». International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 6, n^o 6 (22 octobre 2020) : 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20204612.

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<p>This reported case is about the successful union of an adult male, having open post traumatic infected nonunion of ulna with a bone loss of ulna around 11 cm. Difficult environment around gap nonunion makes the management more difficult for bone graft to stay there. Repeated debridement and skin courage played the key role in controlling the infection. A calculated risk of putting a non-vascular 12 cm autologous fibular graft fixed with plate and screws and supported with medullary nail was taken and a successful union achieved within 4.5 months. So nonvascular free can be a choice for critical bone defects nonunion in fore bones post traumatic one also.</p>

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Sozharajan, Rajendran, et Sabanayagam Natarajan. « NaCl stress causes changes in photosynthetic pigments and accumulation of compatible solutes in Zea mays L. » Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 1, n^o 1 (13 juin 2016) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2016.v1i1.6.

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The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of NaCl on photosynthetic pigments and compatible solutes of Zea mays under salt stress. Seven NaCl regimes were used, 0mM, 25mM, 50mM, 75mM 100mM, 125mM and 150mM. Plants were analyzed on 15th day after salt treatment. A factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with seven treatments and three replications were applied. From the data attained, we understand that in accordance with the increase in salinity, photosynthetic pigment content reduced drastically, whereas compatible solutes like proline, glycine betaine and sugar enhanced marginally. The accumulation of compatible solutes makes the plant survive against salinity stress.

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Utama, Muhammad Zulman Harja, et Dan Widodo Haryoko. « Mekanisme Adaptasi Jagung terhadap Cekaman NaCl : Pola Serapan Anion dan Kation ». Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 47, n^o 3 (14 janvier 2020) : 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v47i3.25439.

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Salt solubility is the abiotic pressure which has the most effect on the loss of plant quantity and quality. Salinity not only makes plants stressful but also presents severe constraints on crop production so an attempt to understand plant adaptation mechanisms is important for expanding agricultural production on saline soils. This study aimed to obtain a mechanism for the adaptation of hybrid and composites maize to NaCl stress through anion and cation absorption patterns. The experiments were carried out at the LLDikti Region X Laboratory from May to August 2016. The experiments were arranged in a factorial complete randomized design with three replications. The first factor was corn varieties, namely: hybrid corn (Pioneer 22 and Bisi 12), and composite corn (Bisma and Sukmaraga). The second factor was level of NaCl, namely: 0.0 mg kg-1 NaCl pH 5.0, and 4,000 mg kg-1 NaCl pH 5.0. Measurement of anions and cations using Spectroquant Thermoreator TR Nova 420. The adaptability of hybrid maize and composites to NaCl stress occurred through the mechanism of anion absorption and cation metabolism. The difference in the percentage of NO3-, NO2-, PO4-, NH4+, and K+ levels between hybrid maize varieties and composites showed a difference in the adaptation ability of maize varieties to salinity stress. Keywords: abiotic, mechanism, salinity, varieties

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Ahmed, SH, EE Babiker, IA Mohamed Ahmed, MM Eltayeb, SO Ahmed et Faridullah Faridullah. « Effect of sodium chloride concentration of the functional properties of selected legume flours ». African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12, n^o 54 (19 octobre 2012) : 6700–6714. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.54.11130.

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Providing safe, nutritious, and wholesome food for poor and undernourished populations has been a major challenge for developing countries. This has led to the necessity of assembling complete food composition tables, yielding information about the traditional foods and on the functional properties of the plant foods that are consumed regularly in the developing countries. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is the common salt used at household and industry levels to improve palatability of processed foods. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different concentrations of NaCl on the functional properties of selected legume flours. The effect of increasing concentration of NaCl on the protein solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties of white bean, pigeon pea, cowpea and hyacinth bean were studied. The results revealed that the protein solubility of pigeon pea, cowpea and white bean flours significantly increased by increasing salt concentration and reached a maximum at 0.4 M NaCl (for pigeon pea and cowpea flours) and 0.6 M for white bean flour and then gradually decreased at higher salt concentration. The protein solubility profile of hyacinth bean fluctuated with the salt concentration, with the highest solubility at 0.6 M NaCl and lowest solubility at 0.4 M NaCl. With the exception of white bean, the maximum emulsifying activity of all selected legume flours was found at 0.4 M NaCl whereas that of white bean was found at 0.2 M NaCl. Generally, with increasing salt concentration, the emulsifying activity slightly decreased for the legume flours, except for cowpea which fluctuated. Addition of NaCl significantly decreased the emulsion stability and foaming capacity of the four of selected legume with the maximum improvement being observed at 0.2M NaCl, and then decreasing gradually at higher salt concentration. Significant improvement of foaming stability was observed when salt concentration increased. Based on the results of the present study the selected legume flour demonstrated good functional properties following the addition of NaCl, which makes these legume flours potential ingredients for application in salt containing foods.

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Filiatrault, A., et R. O. Foschi. « Static and dynamic tests of timber shear walls fastened with nails and wood adhesive ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, n^o 5 (1 octobre 1991) : 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-091.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation into the seismic behaviour of timber shear walls fastened with nails alone or with nails in combination with wood adhesive. The responses of both types of shear walls were determined under slow, quasi-static racking loads and also under dynamic, earthquake-induced conditions. The experimental results showed that the introduction of the adhesive makes shear walls much stronger but also more brittle than conventional nailed walls. It was observed that shear walls incorporating nails and adhesive behaved almost linearly to failure. To obtain the most out of the adhesive capacity, however, the wood framing should be designed with special attention to the connections between framing members and the anchoring of the wall's base plate. These details control the capacity of the frame to sustain the loads induced by the stiffer adhesive joints. Key words: adhesive, earthquake, tests, timber construction, shear walls, wood.

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Naik, Asif, et E. Selvarajan. « Household human development index and measurement : a study of Muslims in Kashmir ». International Journal of Health 4, n^o 1 (27 mai 2016) : 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijh.v4i1.6009.

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Sustainable development of Muslims in India is one of the major challenges before the planners and policy makers particularly in the State of Jammu and Kashmir at a phase when India has registered growth in all spheres of life. Yet, the major question that still remains unanswered is as how far have the Muslims of Jammu and Kashmir benefited from the fruits of development (Naik 2013, 143-49). The answer particularly depends upon the ways through which development is conceived and measured. The development strategies must aim at the integration of the people of the region of Kashmir with rest of the country (Naik 2015, 614-616). The present paper attempts to measure human development of the Muslim households of Kashmir regions. Further, it attempts to examine the interrelationship among various indicators of HDI and will depict the extent of achievements of the surveyed villages ranking them as per their human development index adopted. It also suggests policy measures to improve HDI in the study region.

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Bleaney, Michael. « The extractive industries sector : essentials for economists, public finance professionals and policy makers by Håvard Halland, Martin Lökanc and Arvind Nair, with Sridar Padmanabhan Kannan ». Mineral Economics 29, n^o 2-3 (30 mai 2016) : 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13563-016-0084-5.

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Saldaña, Manuel, Edelmira Gálvez, Ricardo I. Jeldres, Catalina Díaz, Pedro Robles, Manish Kumar Sinha et Norman Toro. « Optimization of Cu and Mn Dissolution from Black Coppers by Means of an Agglomerate and Curing Pretreatment ». Metals 10, n^o 5 (19 mai 2020) : 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050657.

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Black coppers are mineraloids with a high content of Cu and Mn. These have an amorphous crystalline structure that makes them refractory to conventional leaching processes. For this reason, these mineral resources are not incorporated in industrial leaching heap processes and are taken to dumps. In the present study, an agglomerate pretreatment process incorporating NaCl is evaluated, and a curing stage, followed by acid-reducing leaching for Cu and Mn dissolution from a high-grade black copper mineral. For this, an experimental design was developed both to evaluate the impact of the dependent variables on the response, to generate analytical models that represent the copper and manganese recoveries under the set of sampled conditions. The models indicate that the curing time and the NaCl concentration have a primary effect on the recovery of both elements. In contrast, the optimization model suggests that the optimal operating levels are reached at relatively high levels of time (>130 h) and of NaCl concentration (>22 kg/t).

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V. Chau, Tro, Long P. Mai, Hao T. Nguyen, Suong M. Nay, Huyen T. N. Nguyen et Thang T. Nguyen. « Fractional Carbon-Dioxide Laser Plus Topical Clotrimazole versus Oral Itraconazole plus Topical Clotrimazole for Onychomycosis : A Randomized, Controlled Trial ». Open Dermatology Journal 14, n^o 1 (30 juin 2020) : 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874372202014010016.

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Background: Treating onychomycosis is problematic for a variety of reasons. The very nature of the hard, protective nail plate itself makes it difficult for topical drugs to reach the fungal pathogens beneath it. Oral therapy is more effective than topical therapy, but it is expensive, requires monitoring for toxicity, and can result in multiple drug interactions. Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of fractional CO2 laser combined with topical clotrimazole to oral itraconazole plus topical clotrimazole in the treatment of onychomycosis. Methods: A sample of 88 adults (between the ages of 18 and 78) was randomly divided into two groups. 45 patients received fractional CO2 laser therapy at an interval of 2 weeks and twice-daily application of clotrimazole 1% cream. 43 patients were treated by pulsed itraconazole (200 mg twice daily, 1 week on, 3 weeks off) and twice-daily application of clotrimazole 1% cream. The duration of the treatment was 3 months for fingernails and 4 months for toenails in both groups. The clinical effect was measured using the Scoring Clinical Index for Onychomycosis (SCIO index), KOH examination for the affected nails were performed, and liver function tests in the two groups were analyzed. Results: 73% of patients treated with fractional ablative CO2 laser achieved a negative KOH examination compared with 79% of the itraconazole group (P>0.05). The SCIO reduction in the laser group was superior to that in the itraconazole group (P<0.001). Notably, a biochemical abnormality was not documented in patients who received laser treatment. In contrast, liver transaminases elevations without clinical symptoms were documented in two patients at the end of itraconazole therapy. Conclusion: Fractional CO2 laser plus a topical antifungal drug might be more clinically effective in the treatment of onychomycosis than itraconazole, without any adverse reactions. It could be an alternative for clinicians in onychomycosis cases in which oral antifungal agents are contraindicated.

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Kamarul Asri, Asma, et Esah Hamzah. « Corrosion Behaviour of Lead-Free and Sn-Pb Solders in 3.5wt% NaCl ». Advanced Materials Research 686 (avril 2013) : 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.686.250.

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The current need to produce lead-free solders in the electronic industries makes it necessary for the replacing solders to have properties which are comparable if not better than the conventional Sn-Pb solders. Thus this research was conducted to compare the corrosion behaviour of lead-free solders with composition Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC405), and Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) with conventional Sn-37Pb solders. Corrosion tests were conducted using salt spray tests with 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. The samples were characterized after corrosion tests by using SEM, EDS and XRD. The results showed that the elements present in the solders contributed to galvanic corrosion mechanism that affected the overall corrosion behaviour of the solders.

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LAGARENSE, Bet El Silisna, et Agustinus WALANSENDOW. « Tourist Preferences on Bunaken Island for Integrated Archipelagic Tourism Development around the Bunaken National Park, Indonesia ». Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 11, n^o 4 (30 juin 2020) : 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v11.4(44).05.

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This study aims at analyzing the preferences of tourists visiting Bunaken Island for the development of archipelagic tourism. Qualitative method was applied, and survey was done by distributing questionnaires to 200 tourists visiting the island. The tourist preferences-based island tourism development on Bunaken Island was very strategic for the development of integrated archipelagic tourism by building a network of relevant strategic tourism objects and attractions in other four islands (Siladen, Manado Tua, Mantehage and Nain) around the Bunaken National Park. The findings are very useful for public policy makers to enhance parthnership and empower communities in developing archipelagic tourism.

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Zhou, Suping, Roger Sauve, Tara Fish et Theodore W. Thannhauser. « Salt-induced and Salt-suppressed Proteins in Tomato Leaves ». Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 134, n^o 2 (mars 2009) : 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.134.2.289.

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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Money Maker) seedlings at the two-leaf stage were grown in one-half strength Hoagland solution supplemented with 50 mm NaCl for 4 days, with 100 mm NaCl for 4 days, with 150 mm NaCl for 4 days, and with a final concentration 200 mm NaCl for 2 days. Solutions were refreshed every 2 days for treated and untreated seedlings. Non-treated plants were grown in nonamended one-half strength Hoagland solution. Three biological replicates (BR) were included for treated and control experiments. At the end of treatments, the uppermost three newly expanded leaves from all 12 plants in each BR were collected and bulked to extract total protein. Proteomic analysis resulted in the identification of several salt-induced and salt-suppressed proteins. Salt-induced proteins were: vacuolar H+-ATPase A1 subunit isoform (1.6-fold), germin-like protein (1.5-fold), ferredoxin-NADP (+) reductase (1.2-fold), quinone oxidoreductase-like protein (4.4-fold), heat-shock protein (4.9-fold), and pyrophosphorylase (1.7-fold). Salt-suppressed proteins were: ATPase alpha subunit (−1.5-fold) and rubisco activase (−1.4-fold). Proteins identified in this study affect cellular activities for antioxidant, stress protection, carbon fixation, and carbohydrate partitioning in young tomato leaves under salt stress.

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