Thèses sur le sujet « Naissance – Rites et cérémonies – Niger »
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Walentowitz, Saskia. « "Enfant de soi, enfant de l'autre" : la construction symbolique et sociale des identités à travers une étude anthropologique de la naissance chez les Touaregs (Kel Eghlal et Ayttawari Seslem de l'Azawagh, Niger) ». Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0157.
Texte intégralThe thesis analyzes the event of birth, from the moment of conception to the end of the postnatal period, in order to define the underlying principles of symbolic and social construction of identities amongst the Tuareg. The ethnographic data come from field research conducted amongst the Inesleman Kel Eghlal and Ayttawari Seslem of Azawagh valley in Niger. Each element of the global process of "making" a child (mythical, physiological and spiritual) sheds new light on the different aspects of the tuareg kinship system. The study of rites relating to birth, documented by video-based photographs, completes this analysis and underscores the symbolic logic of the system, based on the complementary opposition of male/female principles, as in the brother/sister pair. An ethnolinguistic study of the archaic berber language of the Ayttawari Seslem is also presented
Seye, Mame Aby. « Téranga : naissance, vie et mort au Sénégal : essai sur la fonction et le devenir des rites ». Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN1400.
Texte intégralHammoud-Itani, Rihab. « Les rites familiaux dans la région de Byblos au Liban : naissance, mariage, mort ». Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H020.
Texte intégralHolder, Gilles. « Le système politique Sama : parcours et relations d'une société guerrière dans la boucle du Niger : analyse comparative ». Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100009.
Texte intégralFerté, Anne-Laure. « Procréation, naissance et petite enfance : représentation et pratiques populaires dans la famille noire guadeloupéenne ». Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H095.
Texte intégralDuring the course of my clinical practice as a psychologist in the area of early childhood, I was able to observe a set of behaviors among very young French West Indian children and their parents, that we felt to be culturally determined. The correct appreciation of these behaviors by mainland professionals required that very in-depth fieldwork be undertaken beforehand, regarding the underlying cultural representations of the infant, as well as associated childcare practices. Such a study allowed a completely coherent and novel system of representations of the infant and his/her needs to emerge - and, beyond this : of the person - despite the very recent history of the culture in question. The confrontation of the collected data with psychoanalytic conceptions of early development, such as those proposed by Freud, Winnicott, or Anzieu allowed us to establish parallels among them. The concepts of Self, of holding, and of handling (D. W. Winnicott), of "Moi-peau" and of "attachment-drive" (D. Anzieu), in particular, proved very useful in accounting for Ithe collected material
Le, Carrer Corine. « Le mouvement du monde : croissance, fécondité et régénération sociale chez les Ngobe de Costa Rica et de Panama ». Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0415.
Texte intégralThe Ngobe society as studied through out rituals appears to praise brisk movement representing long life. Masculine and feminine puberty as well as birth ritual of the ka cycle institute the life brisk movement on which human growth is depending, while slowness defining pregnancy contravene this life-giving motion. Spouses' activities, social interactions and relationships with hunting game are strongly restricted along maternity since pregnancy impedes the growth of humans and animals. Alike the self-propagating ka that gives the name to the ceremonial cycle, the rituals examined here express growth of humanity in a ways evoking plant growth, parallel to specific timely steps of the food-producing cycle depending on referring either trees or plants. On one level, the giving birth woman is close to a tree while initiating her acknowledged fecundity with her very first born, the mubaj child that matches the kwa mubaj - the first cacao of the first cacao-tree's fructification. As a kind of offshoot, the mubaj offspring triggers female fecundity, open path to the couple's progeny without creating any elderly order, the most distinctive timeless dimension of the Ngobe society. Emerging only within the considered rituals, the notion of bromon is tied to giving birth to fresh bodies. Distribution bromon regenerate the named territorial group (-bu) in which comes the newborn and to which he will pertain if he successfully grows up on the group's land. At play in Ngobe's rituals is never slowing down the life brisk movement so the world is perpetually renewed
Paris, François. « Les sépultures du Sahara nigérien, du néolithique à l'islamisation : coutumes funéraires, chronologie, civilisations ». Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010543.
Texte intégralSeveral cultural areas are identified for the neolithic and post-neolithic periods through the study of funerary custums in the nigerian sahara. The radiocarbon datations of many sepultures allow to propose a schematic chronology for the human occupation of this region of the meridional Sahara, between 5000 bc and 800 ad
Vidal, Laurent. « Les génies de la parole : rituels de possession en milieux Peul et Zarma au Niger ». Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H084.
Texte intégralPeul of western niger have taken from their neighbours (the Zarma) the practice of possession's rituals which have therapeutic vocation. Presentation and analysis of a certain number of historical times that lived those populations (on the fringe of orthodox islam ans possession's rituals) permit to define the foundation of possession's culture and to question about notions of myth, traditional religion and ritual. This approach of possession is organized around an omnipresent speaking which gives meaning to those practices. The speaking is at the center of the illness caused by a spirit from beginning to end, going through diagnosis. Being efficient, the speaking must be developed in discourses which are the expression of a knowledge. This stake concerns every speaking, whether fits in with a ritual time or not. Besides a wellconsidered and protected speaking, we found an explicit and familiar vocabulary, which never makes a possession humdrum. The increase in the number of carefully phrased remarks and, also, of technical precautions, which are part of every intervention binded to possession, is the expression of the fear of knowledge's calling into question. . .
Adane, Yahia. « Naissances et infans à At-Yanni - Kabylie ». Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0013.
Texte intégralIn kabylia, to have children is for women the conquest of the space and the present, the speach, the only way possible against the masculine domination. The childbirth have a religious and a mystic dimension arrosing the mystery, the fascination, the jealousy and the fear. After desperate struggle against "evil-eye" and diverses perils lead by popular knowledge, socials representations, belief and local mythology, the child'll survive, shaped and guided, in his first steps, by the leaven angels. But the state, confronted to big socials and economics problems, decide to control the births. Thus, the state penetrate the society breaking all community solidarity. In these forces relationships (men/women, locality/state. . . ), the children become the first ostages. However, they have their own opinion if they wouldn't be considerated like the banality of the innumerable
Attané, Anne. « Cérémonies familiales et mutations des rapports sociaux de sexe, d'âge et de génération : Ouahigouya et sa région, Burkina Faso ». Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0143.
Texte intégralQuagliariello, Chiara. « Modèles de naissance et de "nature" en conflit : les Sénégalaises en exil face à l'hôpital moderne ». Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083962.
Texte intégralMy thesis focuses on the implicit representations of (human) Nature in different models of birth. In particular, my work investigates the forms of dialogue, the reasons for conflict and the exchanges between reproductive models introduced and faced by the Senegalese women in exile in the maternity ward of the Poggibonsi hospital (Siena), one of the first in Italy to have proposed the model of "natural childbirth". Through a comparative study, my thesis highlights the idea of (human) Nature typical of our modern Western society. In this context, midwives face difficulties in their attempt to create an alliance with the Senegalese leaning on (biological) equalities supposed to go beyond (cultural) differences. Such biologizing "universalism" does not help to shorten the cultural distance which separates them from their foreign patients. The favor accorded to cultural relativism in a Western society, who is willing to be multi-cultural, is challenged – through practices – by a tendency to universalize our own conception of (humain) nature: a kind of naturalism, modern as well as “post-modern”. Although the biologic functioning of the body is certain and roughly the same for everyone, the idea that human nature could not be the same and has not the same relevance in every culture appears as a difficult challenge to “digest” for the western rationalism and, in particular, for the medical rationality
Acosta, Altamirano María Fernanda. « Cultures de la naissance, entre la tradition et le biomédical : Étude comparative en Équateur et au Portugal ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2034/document.
Texte intégralThe culture of birth is a ritual of passage which is the basis of the construction of identity for the motherand for the child. This transition is conceived in different ways in distinct cultural contexts.Based on an ethnographic work in Portugal and the Amazonia of Ecuador, we have identified threeexisting health systems: biomedicine or the official system (which was constituted as “official” from the19th century onwards), the traditional system or ancestral system, and the alternative system (in this case,embodied by doulas).In the framework of these three health systems, a culture of birth is woven into a discourse legitimizingtheir practices, which are presented as "adequate", and their representations.Although there are important differences between the procedures of the medical protocols - specific tothe formal health system, to the traditional health system, and to the alternative system - for the deliveryof childbirth, for pre-lactated feeding (colostrum feed), and for postpartum, we also found bridgesbetween them.Sometimes the boundaries between these different health systems, between tradition and modernity, areeither disappeared or blurred.Various practices are associated with representations relating to death, bodies, pain, health and diseaseparadigms, religion, cleanliness and hygiene, social ties, among others
Diarra, Aïssa. « Socio-anthropologie de la prise en charge de l'accouchement au Mali ». Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0435.
Texte intégralThis dissertation studies the management of child delivery in urban and semi-rural Mali. The childbirth process has been analysed through various strategic actors, wherever they aure located, in the social environnement as well as in the health system. A first part concerns the political context and the macro-decisions about delivery. Another part describes the narratives of actors and their practices concerning some crucial choices to be made during the childbirth process. On one hand, parturient and their relatives fluctuate between an individualistic logic and a communitarian one, according to their social milieu. On the other hand, when they enter into the health structures, the roles they play move as their relations with health agents develop. The new logics emerge, such as logics of “everything’s missing”, avoiding logics, concealing logics, logics of shortcutting, logics of self-victimizing, logics of domination, on one hand, and also, on th other hand, logics of strictness, of morality, or of quality seeking
Lavra, Paola. « Enfanter à la Martinique : des matrones d'autrefois aux naissances hospitalières d'aujourd'hui ». Antilles-Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0294.
Texte intégralThe study of birth in Martinique has to consider the plurality of cultural contribution from which follow the concepts of " in betwen " French West Indian medical pluralism". Taking the slave society as its starting point, this anthropological analysis of birth takes account the knowledge of the former matrons which set down the bases of an original creation belonging to creole societies. Act domain of health. The Woman plays also a generating role. The whole society has been built from this matrix Which activates the equivalence between the soil and the womb. The permanence of the habitation society guarantees the sharing of knowled and stemming from this cosmogony. Matrons and female healers hand on their therapeutlc practice in a "traditherapeutic" habitus. Medicalization represents to these communities a further choc, by rooting out matrons and female healers and using hyglenist di in order to Impose its scientific superiority, Familial habitus, beliefs and practices linked to Creoles cosmogony however survive in of representation and come Into conflict with the biomedical mode. This hiatus feeds the women's power of mobility, their 'back ; from one body identity to the other,which are as much a source of suffering as a form of body intelligence, or persistency of eler the past. The hospital space is not impervious to these forms of resurgence, when health care workers are able to elaborate new, and new strategies of mediation between the bioIogical and the social field
Ruhlmann, Sandrine. « Le partage des prémices et du fond de la marmite : Essai d'anthropologie des pratiques alimentaires chez les Mongols Xalx ». Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346618.
Texte intégralArnette, Marie-Lys. « La mort perçue comme une nouvelle naissance dans les grands textes funéraires de l’Égypte ancienne jusqu’à la fin du Nouvel Empire ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040129.
Texte intégralThis work aims at demonstrating that referring to birth and its practical modalities is an essential aspect of Ancient Egypt’s funeral beliefs. From the Pyramid Texts to the royal books of New Kingdom, the great funeral writings of Egypt are full of allusions to post mortem fate viewed as a second birth, the latter copying more or less exactly the biological process of the first. Be he king or ordinary man, the dead is carried in gestation by one or several divine mothers and is born again in the other world ; there, his umbilical cord is cut, he is washed, fed and cared for like a new born child. Numerous mythical elements add to the purely practical, however, thus reinventing the biological model and showing the intermingling of both the worldly and cosmic levels. Thanks to this cyclical process, the dead not only reaches the other world but, also, accesses to eternal life